Common use of Arctic MFC (ARC MFC Clause in Contracts

Arctic MFC (ARC MFC. In situ observations are needed in ARC MFC for calibrating the models, validating model products and reducing errors in the model fields via data assimilation. A description of general requirements on in situ observations for Arctic forecast and reanalysis is given in Table 2.3. 1. There are in total 10 different applications, ranging from offline Calibration/Validation (Cal/Val) of physical ocean products to offline data assimilation in biogeochemical reanalysis. All activities need in situ data with Arctic coverage. For Cal/Val purpose, a limited number of stations with high frequency sampling is an ideal solution. For generating Quality Identification Document (QUID) report and historic reanalysis, only offline observations are needed. For Near Real Time (NRT) analysis and forecast product validation, NRT data are needed. Applications in interim scales, i.e., 1-12 months before present, observations have to be available in corresponding time. Considering scientific and service purposes, priority areas of observations are given to Nordic Seas, Straits and important shipping areas e.g. Cape Farewell, Kara Sea and Northern Sea routes. For biogeochemical product validation, coastal shelf seas are important monitoring areas. Freshwater inputs are also important for models. Table 2.3.1 General requirements on in situ data for Arctic forecast and reanalysis: PHY – Physics, BGC – Biogeochemical, DA – Data Assimilation, RAN - Reanalysis 3.1. The reduction of the temperature biases is gone 1 year after the assimilation stops. Due to such long temporal impacts of in situ data, even 12 profiles per day in the Arctic Ocean can generate significant positive impacts. Hence 12 T/S profiles per day in the Arctic can be regarded as the minimum spatial resolution required for data assimilation. Figure 2.3.1 All assimilated Temperature (left) and Salinity (right) profiles in the ARC MFC Physical reanalysis in the whole period 1992-2016. Table 2.3.2 Overview of the impact and priority assessment of in situ data in the ARC MFC (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2018). Impact: “Real” = Has been documented. “Ongoing” = is being documented. “Ind.”: Indirect through calibration of remote sensing products. “Science”: Data is used for process studies. “None”: Data not available or insufficient. Priority A = urgent, B= Second priority, C: Not a priority for the time being. (Source: ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2018)