Common use of Certain Additional Payments by the Company Clause in Contracts

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5) (the "Payments") would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "Gross-Up Payment") in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (i) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (ii) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 5, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five (45) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) a. Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive Employee (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 511) (the "Payments") would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive Employee with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), then the Company shall pay to the Executive Employee an additional payment (a "Gross-Up Payment") in an amount such that after payment by the Executive Employee of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive Employee retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the ExecutiveEmployee's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive Employee shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to those which could be disallowed because of the Gross-inclusion of the Gross- Up PaymentPayment in the Employee's adjusted gross income. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a11(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive Employee is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 510% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive Employee under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive Employee without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the ExecutiveEmployee. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii8(d)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the ExecutiveEmployee. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Section 11 shall not apply to any stock option grant if the result of the application of such Section 11 would be to alter the basis on which compensation expense is measured for purposes of APB Opinion Number 25. (b) b. Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a11(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 511, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive Employee within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive Employee that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive Employee may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 11 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the ExecutiveEmployee, it shall furnish the Executive Employee with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the ExecutiveEmployee's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive Employee with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the ExecutiveEmployee. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive Employee thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of ExecutiveEmployee. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive Employee for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive Employee (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive Employee shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5) 8) (the "Payments") would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "Gross-Up Payment") in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, and (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up Paymenttaxes. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a8(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii)8, unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a8(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 58(b), including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up up Payment under this Section 5 8 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether payable pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5) otherwise (the "“Payments"”) would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "“Code"”), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "“Excise Tax"”), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment amount (a "the “Gross-Up Payment"”) in an amount such that after payment the net amount retained by the Executive Executive, after deduction of all Excise Taxes on the Payments, and all Excise Taxes, federal, state and local income taxes, and federal employment taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon on the Gross-Up Payment, the and any interest, penalties or additions to tax payable by Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment with respect thereto, shall be equal to the sum total present value (using the applicable federal rate (as defined in Section 1274(d) of (ithe Code in such calculation) the Excise Tax imposed upon of the Payments and (ii) at the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is time such Payments are to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for applicable to individuals in the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, (ii) pay applicable made and state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate rates of taxation for applicable to individuals as are in effect in the state and locality of Executive’s residence in the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could that can be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for taxes, taking into account any limitations applicable to individuals subject to federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up Paymenthighest marginal rates. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a12(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a the Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would do not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5exceed 110% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum greatest amount that could be paid to the Executive without giving such that the receipt of the Payments would not give rise to the any Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"“Reduced Amount”), and then no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of Executive and the amounts payable hereunderPayments, if applicablein the aggregate, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provisionReduced Amount. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a12(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 512, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the a nationally recognized public accounting firm that is retained by the Company (the “Accounting Firm”). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as of accountant or auditor for the date immediately prior individual, entity or group effecting the change in ownership or control giving rise to the Change in Control Excise Tax, the Company may appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the "Accounting Firm") which Firm hereunder). The Accounting Firm shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "“Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder”). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up up Payment under this Section 5 12 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. . (c) As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("“Underpayment"”) or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("“Overpayment"”), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax. (d) This Section 12 will apply only in the event that, immediately prior to the change in ownership or control giving rise to Excise Tax, the Company has stock that is “readily tradeable on an established securities market” as defined in regulations issues under Section 280G of the Code.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstandingcontrary, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5) (the "“Payments"”) would be subject to the excise tax imposed by (the “Excise Tax”) under Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "“Code"”), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "“Excise Tax"”), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "“Gross-Up Payment"”) in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up up Payment in the Executive's ’s adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to those which could be disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Paymentup Payment in the Executive’s adjusted gross income. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 510% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "“parachute payments" ” under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "“Safe Harbor Cap"”), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by first reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by second reducing the Executivepayments under Section 4(a)(i) and last reducing benefits under Section 4(b)(iii). For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 5, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "“Accounting Firm"”) which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "“Determination"”). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up up Payment under this Section 5 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's ’s applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("“Underpayment"”) or Gross-Up up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("“Overpayment"”), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5) (the "“Payments"”) would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "“Code"”), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "“Excise Tax"”), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "“Gross-Up Payment"”) in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (i) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (ii) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's ’s adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "“parachute payments" ” under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "“Safe Harbor Cap"”), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 5, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "“Accounting Firm"”) which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five (45) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "“Determination"”). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's ’s applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("“Underpayment"”) or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("“Overpayment"”), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstandingcontrary, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit payment or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company, by any affiliate of the Company or by any person whose actions result in a change in control of the Company, (or any to the extent the Company approves of its affiliated entities) or any entity the arrangements pursuant to which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entitiesthe payment by such person is made to the Executive) to or for the benefit of the Executive Executive, (whether paid or payable or distributed or distributable pursuant to the terms of this the Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5) 6), (the a "PaymentsPayment") would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (tax, such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), ) then the Company Executive shall pay be entitled to the Executive receive an additional payment payment, (a "Gross-Up Payment") in an amount such that that, after payment by the Executive of all taxes taxes, (including any interest or penalties imposed with respect to such taxes) including, without limitation, any income and employment taxes and Excise Tax) , imposed upon the Gross-Up PaymentPayment but before deduction for any federal, state or local income or other tax upon the Payments, the Executive retains an will retain a net amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of of, (i) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments Payments, and (ii) an amount equal to the product of any deductions deductions, (or portions thereof) disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income for federal income tax purposes and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to to, (i1) pay applicable federal income taxes at the highest applicable marginal rates rate of federal income taxation (including surcharges) for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, (ii2) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest applicable marginal rate of taxation taxation, (including surcharges) for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes taxes, and (iii3) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to those disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to in the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision's adjusted gross income. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a6(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 56, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, required and the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap Payment and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, determination shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change change in Control control, (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company Company, (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change change in Controlcontrol, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm reasonably acceptable to the Company to make the determinations required hereunder hereunder, (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All reasonable fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and, subject to applicable law and obligation to the Company's stockholders, the Company shall enter into any agreement reasonably requested by the Accounting Firm that is generally recognized as standard in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 6 with respect to any Payments Payment shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following the date of such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will should not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made made, ("Overpayment"), ) consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment Underpayment, (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of the Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment Overpayment, (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his reasonable expenses in connection therewith are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstandingnotwithstanding and except as set forth below, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit payment or distribution in the nature of compensation (or any acceleration within the meaning of any payment, award, benefit or distributionSection 280G(b)(2) by of the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entitiesCode) to or for the benefit of the Executive (Executive, whether paid or payable pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5) otherwise (the "PaymentsPayment") would be subject (in whole or in part) to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986Code, as amended (the "Code"), or together with any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive imposed with respect to such excise tax (such excise taxcollectively, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), then the Company Executive shall pay be entitled to the Executive receive an additional payment (a the "Gross-Up Payment") in an amount such that that, after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including and any interest or penalties imposed with respect to such taxes), including, without limitation, any income taxes (and any interest and penalties imposed with respect thereto) and Excise Tax) Tax imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (i) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (ii) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Payment. The Company's obligation to make Gross-Up Payment in Payments under this Section 9 shall not be conditioned upon the Executive's adjusted gross termination of employment. For purposes of determining the amount of any Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to pay federal income and tax at the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for in the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, (ii) pay applicable made and state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for in the calendar year in state and locality of the Executive's residence on the date on which the Gross-Up Payment is to be madecalculated for purposes of this Section 9, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes taxes, and (iii) have otherwise allowable taking into consideration the phase-out of the Executive's itemized deductions for under federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up Paymentlaw. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a)9(c) below, all determinations required to be made under this Section 59, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap Payment and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinationsdetermination, shall be made by the public a nationally recognized accounting firm that is retained as may be agreed by the Company as of and the date immediately prior to the Change in Control Executive (the "Accounting Firm") which ); provided, that the Accounting Firm's determination shall be made based upon "substantial authority" within the meaning of Section 6662 of the Code. The Accounting Firm shall provide detailed supporting calculations to both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, Payment or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder)Company. All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunderCompany. The Any Gross-Up Payment under Payment, as determined pursuant to this Section 5 with respect to any Payments 9, shall be made no later than thirty paid by the Company to the Executive within five (305) days following such Payment. If of the receipt of the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the ExecutiveFirm's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penaltydetermination. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination Any determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determinationinitial determination by the Accounting Firm hereunder, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which that will not have been made by the Company should have been made (the "Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Company exhausts its remedies pursuant to Section 9(c) below and the Executive thereafter is required to make a payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred occurred, and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of the Executive. In The Executive shall notify the event Company in writing of any claim by the amount Internal Revenue Service that, if successful, would require the payment by the Company of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse Payment. Such notification shall be given as soon as practicable, but no later than ten (10) business days after the Executive is informed in writing of such claim. The Executive shall apprise the Company of the nature of such claim and the date on which such claim is requested to be paid. The Executive shall not pay such claim prior to the expiration of the thirty (30) day period following the date on which the Executive gives such notice to the Company (or such shorter period ending on the date that any payment of taxes with respect to such claim is due). If the Company notifies the Executive in writing prior to the expiration of such period that the Company desires to contest such claim, the Executive shall: give the Company any information reasonably requested by the Company relating to such claim, take such action in connection with contesting such claim as the Company shall reasonably request in writing from time to time, including, without limitation, accepting legal representation with respect to such claim by an attorney reasonably selected by the Company, cooperate with the Company in good faith in order effectively to contest such claim, and permit the Company to participate in any proceedings relating to such claim; provided, however, that the Company shall bear and pay directly all costs and expenses (including additional interest and penalties) incurred in connection with such contest, and shall indemnify and hold the Executive harmless, on an after-tax basis, for his any Excise Tax, income tax or any other taxes (including interest and penalties) imposed as a result of such representation and payment of costs and expenses. Without limitation on the Accounting Firm foregoing provisions of this Section 9(c), the Company shall determine control all proceedings taken in connection with such contest, and, at its sole discretion, may pursue or forgo any and all administrative appeals, proceedings, hearings and conferences with the applicable taxing authority in respect of such claim and may, at its sole discretion, either direct the Executive to pay the tax claimed and ▇▇▇ for a refund or contest the claim in any permissible manner, and the Executive agrees to prosecute such contest to a determination before any administrative tribunal, in a court of initial jurisdiction and in one or more appellate courts, as the Company shall determine; provided, however, that if the Company directs the Executive to pay such claim and ▇▇▇ for a refund, the Company shall advance the amount of such payment to the Overpayment Executive, on an interest-free basis, and shall indemnify and hold the Executive harmless, on an after-tax basis, from any Excise Tax, income tax or any other taxes (including interest or penalties) imposed with respect to such advance or with respect to any imputed income in connection with such advance; and provided, further, that has been made any extension of the statute of limitations relating to payment of taxes for the taxable year of the Executive with respect to which such contested amount is claimed to be due is limited solely to such contested amount. Furthermore, the Company's control of the contest shall be limited to issues with respect to which the Gross-Up Payment would be payable hereunder, and the Executive shall be entitled to settle or contest, as the case may be, any other issue raised by the Internal Revenue Service or any other taxing authority. If, after the receipt by the Executive of a Gross-Up Payment or an amount advanced by the Company pursuant to Section 9(c) above, the Executive becomes entitled to receive any refund with respect to the Excise Tax to which such Overpayment Gross-Up Payment relates or with respect to such claim, the Executive shall (subject to the Company's complying with the requirements of Section 9(c) above, if applicable) promptly pay to the Company the amount of such refund (together with any interest at paid or credited thereon after taxes applicable thereto). If, after the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid receipt by the Executive of an amount advanced by the Company pursuant to Section 9(c) above, a determination is made that the Executive shall not be entitled to any refund with respect to such claim and the Company does not notify the Executive in writing of its intent to contest such denial of refund prior to the expiration of thirty (30) days after such determination, then such advance shall be forgiven and shall not be required to be repaid, and the amount of such advance shall offset, to the extent he has received a refund if thereof, the applicable Excise Tax has been paid amount of Gross-Up Payment required to be paid. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 9, the Company may, in its sole discretion, withhold and pay over to the Internal Revenue Service) to Service or any other applicable taxing authority, for the benefit of the CompanyExecutive, all or any portion of any Gross-Up Payment, and the Executive hereby consents to such withholding. The If such payment is made by the Company to the Internal Revenue Service or other applicable taxing authority, then the Executive shall cooperate, not be entitled to the extent his expenses are reimbursed payment pursuant to Section 9(b) above. Any other liability for unpaid or unwithheld Excise Taxes shall be borne exclusively by the Company, in accordance with Section 3403 of the Code. The foregoing sentence shall not in any reasonable requests by manner relieve the Company in connection with of any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Taxof its obligations under this Agreement.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5) (the "Payments") would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "Gross-Up Payment") in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 5, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up up Payment under this Section 5 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entitiesaffiliates) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entitiesaffiliates) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 56) (the "Payments") would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "Gross-Up Payment") in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (i) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (ii) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a6(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii5(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a6(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 56, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five (45) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 6 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit distribution or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) other action by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether paid or payable or distributed or distributable pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to including any additional payments required under this Section 5) (the a "PaymentsPayment") would be subject to the any excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to any such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), then the Company shall pay make a payment to the Executive an additional payment (a "Gross-Up Payment") in an amount such that after payment payments by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains (or has had paid to the Internal Revenue Service on his behalf) an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments Payments, and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, and (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provisiontaxes. (b) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (c) of this Section 5(a)5, all determinations required to be made under this Section 5, including whether and when a Gross-Up Up-Payment is required, required and the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap Payment and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinationsdetermination, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control BDO Seid▇▇▇, ▇▇P (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five (45) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.,

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5) (the "Payments") would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "Gross-Up Payment") in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes (and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to those which could be disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to in the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision's adjusted gross income. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 5, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap Payment and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement reasonably requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a1) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 56(f)) (the "“Payments"”) would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "“Code"”), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "“Excise Tax"”), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "“Gross-Up Payment"”) in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (i) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (ii) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be madePayments. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, made and (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and taxes. In the event that no Excise Tax is applicable, this Section 6(f) shall not be applicable. (iii2) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Gross-Up PaymentPayment described in subsection (1) shall not be paid to Executive if the aggregate Parachute Value (as defined below) of all Payments does not exceed one hundred ten percent (110%) of the Safe Harbor Amount (as defined below). Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a)In such an instance, if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments to which Executive would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall otherwise become entitled will instead be reduced (but not below zero) to so that the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction aggregate present value of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, Payments under this Agreement shall be made by reducing first equal the payments under Section 4(a)(iiReduced Amount (as defined below), unless an alternative . Unless the Employee shall have elected another method of reduction is elected by written notice to the Executive. For purposes of reducing Company prior to the Change in Control, the Company shall reduce the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (by first reducing Payments that are payable in cash and no other Payments) shall be reducedthen by reducing Payments that are not payable in cash. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no Only amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. subsection (b) Subject to the provisions 2). The “Parachute Value” of Section 5(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 5, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company present value as of the date immediately prior to of the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five (45) business days of the receipt portion of notice from the Company or Payment that constitutes a “parachute payment” under Section 280G(b)(2) of the Executive that there has been a PaymentCode, or such earlier time as is requested determined by the Company Auditor (collectively, as defined below) in accordance with such section of the "Determination")Code. In The “Safe Harbor Amount” is the event maximum dollar amount of payments in the nature of compensation that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the are contingent on a Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder Control (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses described in Section 280G of the Accounting Firm Code) and that may be paid or distributed to Executive without the imposition of the Excise Tax. The “Reduced Amount” shall be borne solely by an amount expressed in present value which maximizes the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance aggregate present value of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment Payments under this Section 5 with respect Agreement without causing any such Payment to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion subject to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result as determined in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive accordance with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B280G(d)(4) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entitiesentity) or any entity which that effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5) (the "Payments") would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "Gross-Up Payment") in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G 28OG of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 5, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") ), which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another regionally or nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up up Payment under this Section 5 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.of

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5) (the "Payments") would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "Gross-Up Payment") in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to those which could be disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to in the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision's adjusted gross income. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 5, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap Payment and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) A. Anything in this Agreement Plan to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in of Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive a Participant (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement Plan or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5V) (the "“Payments"”) would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "“Code"”), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive a Participant with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "“Excise Tax"”), then the Company shall pay to such Participant (or to the Executive Internal Revenue Service on behalf of Participant) an additional payment (a "“Gross-Up Payment"”) in an amount such that after payment by the Executive such Participant of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, such Participant retains (or has had paid to the Executive retains Internal Revenue Service on his behalf) an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's such Participant’s adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive a Participant shall be deemed to (i) to pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, (ii) to pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) to have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) B. Subject to the provisions of Section 5(aV(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 5V, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in of Control (the "“Accounting Firm"”) which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive Participant within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive Participant that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "“Determination"”). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in of Control, the Company and the Executive Participant may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement reasonably requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 V with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the ExecutiveParticipant, it shall furnish the Executive Participant with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's Participant’s applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the ExecutiveParticipant. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("“Underpayment"”) or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("“Overpayment"”), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive Participant thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executivethe Participant. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive Participant for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive Participant (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in of Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5) 8) (the "Payments") would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "Gross-Up Payment") in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Gross- Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a8(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to the Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii6(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a8(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 58, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in of Control (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five (45) 15 business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in of Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company Company, and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 8 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) 30 days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of the Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Gross- Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made made, and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 54) (the "“Payments"”) would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "“Code"”), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "“Excise Tax"”), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "“Gross-Up Payment"”) in an amount such that that, after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including including, without limitation, any Excise Taxincome taxes and any interest and penalties imposed with respect thereto, and any excise tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (i) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (ii) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be madePayments. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, and (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provisiontaxes. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a4(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 54, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction amount of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap any Option Redetermination (as defined below) and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "“Accounting Firm"”) which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "“Determination"”). In Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event (i) the Board shall determine prior to the Change in Control that the Accounting Firm is precluded from performing such services under applicable auditor independence rules, (ii) the Audit Committee of the Board determines that it does not want the Accounting Firm to perform such services because of auditor independence concerns or (iii) the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group person(s) effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to Board shall appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 4 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's ’s applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("“Underpayment"”) or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("“Overpayment"”), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the amount of the Gross-Up Payment is less than the amount necessary to reimburse Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he Executive has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his Executive’s expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstandingcontrary, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5) (the "“Payments"”) would be subject to the excise tax imposed by (the “Excise Tax”) under Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "“Code"”), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "“Excise Tax"”), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "“Gross-Up Payment"”) in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up up Payment in the Executive's ’s adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to those which could be disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Paymentup Payment in the Executive’s adjusted gross income. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 510% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "“parachute payments" ” under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "“Safe Harbor Cap"”), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by first reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by second reducing the Executivepayments under Section 4(a)(i) and last reducing benefits under Section 4(a)(iii). For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 5, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "“Accounting Firm"”) which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "“Determination"”). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up up Payment under this Section 5 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's ’s applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("“Underpayment"”) or Gross-Up up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("“Overpayment"”), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which that effectuates a Change in of Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 57) (the "“Payments"”) would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "“Code"”), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "“Excise Tax"”), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "“Gross-Up Payment"”) in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any income, employment and Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's ’s adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate rates of federal each of federal, state and local income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, made (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes taxes, and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes pay all federal, state and local employment-related taxes (including, but not limited to, FICA) at least equal to the Gross-Up Paymenthighest marginal rate of taxation. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a7(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "“parachute payments" ” under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "“Safe Harbor Cap"”), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative a method of reduction is elected determined by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reducedExecutive in his sole discretion. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a7(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 57(b), including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "“Accounting Firm"”) which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "“Determination"”). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 7 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's ’s applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which that will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("“Underpayment"”) or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which that should not have been made ("“Overpayment"”), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his Executive’s expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5) (the "Payments") would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "Gross-Up Payment") in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to those which could be disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to in the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision's adjusted gross income. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 5, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap Payment and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstandingcontrary, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit payment or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company, by any affiliate of the Company or by any person whose actions result in a change in control of the Company, (or any to the extent the Company approves of its affiliated entities) or any entity the arrangements pursuant to which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entitiesthe payment by such person is made to the Executive) to or for the benefit of the Executive Executive, (whether paid or payable or distributed or distributable pursuant to the terms of this the Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5) 6), (the a "PaymentsPayment") would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax tax, (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), ) then the Company Executive shall pay be entitled to the Executive receive an additional payment payment, (a "Gross-Up Payment") in an amount such that that, after payment by the Executive of all taxes taxes, (including any interest or penalties imposed with respect to such taxes) including, without limitation, any income and employment taxes and Excise Tax) , imposed upon the Gross-Up PaymentPayment but before deduction for any federal, state or local income or other tax upon the Payments, the Executive retains an will retain a net amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of of, (i) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments Payments, and (ii) an amount equal to the product of any deductions deductions, (or portions thereof) disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income for federal income tax purposes and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to to, (i1) pay applicable federal income taxes at the highest applicable marginal rates of federal income taxation (including surcharges) for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, (ii2) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest applicable marginal rate of taxation taxation, (including surcharges) for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes taxes, and (iii3) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to those disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to in the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision's adjusted gross income. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a6(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 56, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, required and the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap Payment and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinationsdetermination, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change change in Control control, (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company Company, (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change change in Controlcontrol, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm reasonably acceptable to the Company to make the determinations required hereunder hereunder, (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All reasonable fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and, subject to applicable law and obligations to the Company's stockholders, the Company shall enter into any agreement reasonably requested by the Accounting Firm that is generally recognized as standard in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 6 with respect to any Payments Payment shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following the date of such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will should not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made made, ("Overpayment"), ) consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment Underpayment, (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of the Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment Overpayment, (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his reasonable expenses in connection therewith are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) A. Anything in this Agreement Plan to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in of Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive a Participant (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement Plan or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5V) (the "“Payments"”) would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), . or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive a Participant with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "“Excise Tax"”), then the Company shall pay to such Participant (or to the Executive Internal Revenue Service on behalf of Participant) an additional payment (a "“Gross-Up Payment"”) in an amount such that after payment by the Executive such Participant of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, such Participant retains (or has had paid to the Executive retains Internal Revenue Service on his behalf) an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's such Participant’s adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive a Participant shall be deemed to (i) to pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, (ii) to pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) to have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) B. Subject to the provisions of Section 5(aV(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 5V, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in of Control (the "“Accounting Firm"”) which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive Participant within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive Participant that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "“Determination"”). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in of Control, the Company and the Executive Participant may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement reasonably requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 V with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the ExecutiveParticipant, it shall furnish the Executive Participant with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's Participant’s applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the ExecutiveParticipant. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("“Underpayment"”) or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("“Overpayment"”), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive Participant thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executivethe Participant. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive Participant for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive Participant (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5) (the "“Payments"”) would be subject to tax under the income, excise or other tax imposed by Section 4999 laws of the Internal Revenue Code Republic of 1986China, the People’s Republic of China, the Hong Kong SAR or any other jurisdiction, as amended applicable (the "Code"“Applicable Tax Laws”), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax taxes (such excise taxtaxes, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise “Income Tax"”), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "“Gross-Up Payment"”) in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) Income Taxes imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Income Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's ’s adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes Income Taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 5, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction amount of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap any Option Redetermination (as defined below) and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "“Accounting Firm"”) which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "“Determination"”). In Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event (i) the Board shall determine prior to the Change in Control that the Accounting Firm is precluded from performing such services under applicable auditor independence rules, (ii) the Audit Committee of the Board determines that it does not want the Accounting Firm to perform such services because of auditor independence concerns or (iii) the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to Board shall appoint another nationally internationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Income Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Income Tax, if any, on the Executive's ’s applicable federal income tax return Income Tax returns will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code Applicable Tax Laws at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("“Underpayment"”) or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("“Overpayment"”), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Income Tax or additional Excise Income Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the CodeApplicable Tax Laws) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise or her Income Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the CodeApplicable Tax Laws) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he or she has received a refund if the applicable Excise Income Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Servicepaid) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his or her expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service relevant government agency in connection with the Excise Income Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in In the event it shall be determined that any paymentthat, award, benefit or distribution (i) Executive becomes entitled to severance benefits or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit other benefits or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates payments in connection with a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (Control, whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwiseotherwise (collectively, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5) (the "PaymentsTotal Benefits") would and (ii) any of the Total Benefits will be subject to the excise tax (the "Excise Tax") imposed by pursuant to Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment amount (a the "Gross-Up Payment") in an amount such that the net amount retained by Executive, after payment by the Executive deduction of all taxes (including any Excise Tax on the Total Benefits and any federal, state and local income taxes, Excise Tax) imposed , and FICA and Medicare withholding taxes upon the Gross-Up Paymentpayment provided for by this Section 7, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment will be equal to the sum of (i) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (ii) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be madeTotal Benefits. For purposes of determining whether any of the Total Benefits will be subject to the Excise Tax and the amount of such Excise Tax, the amount of the Gross-Up PaymentTotal Benefits that will be treated as subject to the Excise Tax shall be equal to the amount of the Total Benefits reduced by the amount of such Total Benefits that, in the opinion of tax counsel selected by the Company ("Tax Counsel") and reasonably acceptable to Executive are not excess parachute payments (within the meaning of Section 280G(b)(1) of the Code). For purposes of this Section 7, Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates rate of federal income taxation for in the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment Excise Tax is to be made, (ii) pay applicable payable and state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for in the calendar year in which state and locality of Executive's residence on the Gross-Up Payment is to be madeDate of Termination, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which that could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this calculated by assuming that any reduction under Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% 68 of the portion Code in the amount of itemized deductions allowable to Executive applies first to reduce the Payments amount of such state and local income taxes that would otherwise be treated deductible by Executive). Except as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a)otherwise provided herein, all determinations required to be made under this Section 5, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five (45) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination")Tax Counsel. In the event that the Accounting Firm Excise Tax is serving as accountant or auditor for subsequently determined to be less than the individualamount taken into account hereunder at the time of termination of Executive's employment, entity or group effecting Executive shall repay to the Change Company, at the time the amount of such reduction in ControlExcise Tax is fully determined, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses portion of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion attributable to such effect, and reduction (plus that portion of the Gross-Up Payment attributable to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if anyfederal, state and local income taxes and FICA and Medicare withholding taxes imposed on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made Payment being repaid by Executive to the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event extent that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional such repayment results in a reduction in Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine FICA and Medicare withholding taxes and/or a federal, state or local income tax deduction) plus interest on the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest repayment at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event that the Excise Tax is determined to exceed the amount taken into account hereunder at the time of the termination of Executive's employment (including by reason of any payment the existence or amount of which cannot be determined at the time of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise TaxPayment), the Accounting Firm Company shall determine make an additional Gross-Up Payment to Executive in respect of such excess (plus any interest, penalties or additions payable by Executive with respect to such excess) at the time that the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Taxexcess is finally determined.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5) 8) (the "“Payments"”) would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "“Code"”), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "“Excise Tax"”), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "“Gross-Up Payment"”) in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up up Payment in the Executive's ’s adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, and (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up Paymenttaxes. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a8(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "“parachute payments" ” under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "“Safe Harbor Cap"”), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii)8, unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a8(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 58(b), including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "“Accounting Firm"”) which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "“Determination"”). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up up Payment under this Section 5 8 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's ’s applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("“Underpayment"”) or Gross-Up up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("“Overpayment"”), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 516) (the "Payments") would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "Gross-Up Payment") in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, and (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up Paymenttaxes. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a16(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii)16, unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a16(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 516, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up up Payment under this Section 5 16 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this the Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit distribution or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) other action by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether paid or payable or distributed or distributable pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to including any additional payments required under this Section 55.6) (the a "PaymentsPAYMENT") would be subject to the an excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to any such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise TaxEXCISE TAX"), then the Company shall pay make a payment to the Executive an additional payment (a "GrossGROSS-Up PaymentUP PAYMENT") in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains (or has had paid to the Internal Revenue Service on his behalf) an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, and (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provisiontaxes. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 5, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five (45) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit distribution or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) other action by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive Officer (whether paid or payable or distributed or distributable pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to (including any additional payments required under this Section 57) (the "Payments"a “Payment”) would be subject to the an excise tax imposed by Section 4999 (or its successor or other provision which imposes a similar excise tax) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "“Code"”), any excise tax that may be imposed by a state and/or local law, or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive Officer with respect to any such excise tax taxes (such excise taxtaxes, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "“Excise Tax"”), then the Company shall pay make a payment to the Executive an additional payment Officer (a "“Gross-Up Payment"”) in an amount such that after payment by the Executive Officer of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive Officer retains (or has had paid to the Internal Revenue Service on his behalf) an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's Officer’s adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive Officer shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, and (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provisiontaxes. (b) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (c) of this Section 5(a)7, all determinations required to be made under this Section 57, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, required and the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap Payment and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinationsdetermination, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control Price Waterhouse Coopers LLP (the "“Accounting Firm"”) which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive Officer within forty-five (45) 15 business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive Officer that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination")Company. In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in of Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to Officer shall appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunderCompany. The Any Gross-Up Payment under Payment, as determined pursuant to this Section 5 with respect to any Payments 7, shall be made no later than thirty (30) paid by the Company to the Officer within five days following such Paymentof the receipt of the Accounting Firm’s determination. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the ExecutiveOfficer, it shall furnish the Executive Officer with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, Tax on the Executive's Officer’s applicable federal income tax return will would not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination Any determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the ExecutiveOfficer. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determinationinitial determination by the Accounting Firm hereunder, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("“Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"”), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive Company exhausts its remedies pursuant to Section 7 and the Officer thereafter is required to make a payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event Officer. (c) The Officer shall notify the amount Company in writing of any claim by the Internal Revenue Service that, if successful, would require the payment by the Company of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds Payment. Such notification shall be given as soon as practicable but no later than ten business days after the amount necessary Officer is informed in writing of such claim and shall apprise the Company of the nature of such claim and the date on which such claim is requested to reimburse be paid. The Officer shall not pay such claim prior to the Executive for his Excise Taxexpiration of the 30-day period following the date on which it gives such notice to the Company (or such shorter period ending on the date that any payment of taxes with respect to such claim is due). If the Company notifies the Officer in writing prior to the expiration of such period that it desires to contest such claim, the Accounting Firm Officer shall: (i) give the Company any information reasonably requested by the Company relating to such claim, (ii) take such action in connection with contesting such claim as the Company shall determine reasonably request in writing from time to time, including, without limitation, accepting legal representation with respect to such claim by an attorney reasonably selected by the Company, (iii) cooperate with the Company in good faith in order effectively to contest such claim, and (iv) permit the Company to participate in any proceedings relating to such claim; provided, however, that the Company shall bear and pay directly all costs and expenses (including additional interest and penalties) incurred in connection with such contest and shall indemnify and hold the Officer harmless, on an after-tax basis, for any Excise Tax or income tax (including interest and penalties with respect thereto) imposed as a result of such representation and payment of costs and expenses. Without limitation on the foregoing provisions of this Section 7(c), the Company shall control all proceedings taken in connection with such contest and, at its sole option, may pursue or forego any and all administrative appeals, proceedings, hearings and conferences with the taxing authority in respect of such claim and may, at its sole option, either direct the Officer to pay the tax claimed and ▇▇▇ for a refund or contest the claim in any permissible manner, and the Officer agrees to prosecute such contest to a determination before any administrative tribunal, in a court of initial jurisdiction and in one or more appellate courts, as the Company shall determine; provided, however, that if the Company directs the Officer to pay such claim and ▇▇▇ for a refund, the Company shall advance the amount of such payment to the Overpayment Officer, on an interest-free basis, and shall indemnify and hold the Officer harmless, on an after-tax basis, from any Excise Tax or income tax (including interest or penalties with respect thereto) imposed with respect to such advance or with respect to any imputed income with respect to such advance; and further provided that has been made any extension of the statute of limitations relating to payment of taxes for the taxable year of the Officer with respect to which such contested amount is claimed to be due is limited solely to such contested amount. Furthermore, the Company’s control of the contest shall be limited to issues with respect to which a Gross-Up Payment would be payable hereunder and the Officer shall be entitled to settle or contest, as the case may be, any other issue raised by the Internal Revenue Service or any other taxing authority. (d) If, after the receipt by the Officer of an amount advanced by the Company pursuant to Section 7(c), the Officer becomes entitled to receive any refund with respect to such Overpayment claim, the Officer shall (subject to the Company’s complying with the requirements of Section 7(c)) promptly pay to the Company the amount of such refund (together with any interest at paid or credited thereon after taxes applicable thereto). If, after the rate provided receipt by the Officer of an amount advanced by the Company pursuant to Section 7(c), a determination is made that the Officer shall not be entitled to any refund with respect to such claim and the Company does not notify the Officer in Section 1274(b)(2) writing of its intent to contest such denial of refund prior to the Code) expiration of 30 days after such determination, then such advance shall be promptly paid by forgiven and shall not be required to be repaid and the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit amount of the Company. The Executive such advance shall cooperateoffset, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by thereof, the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Taxamount of Gross-Up Payment required to be paid.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which that effectuates a Change in of Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 57) (the "“Payments"”) would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "“Excise Tax"”), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "“Gross-Up Payment"”) in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any income, employment and Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's ’s adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate rates of federal each of federal, state and local income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, made (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes taxes, and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes pay all federal, state and local employment-related taxes (including, but not limited to, FICA) at least equal to the Gross-Up Paymenthighest marginal rate of taxation. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a7(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "“parachute payments" ” under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "“Safe Harbor Cap"”), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative a method of reduction is elected determined by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reducedExecutive in his sole discretion. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a7(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 57(b), including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "“Accounting Firm"”) which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "“Determination"”). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 7 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's ’s applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which that will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("“Underpayment"”) or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which that should not have been made ("“Overpayment"”), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his Executive’s expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 515) (the "Payments") would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "Gross-Up Payment") in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, and (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up Paymenttaxes. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a15(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii)15, unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a15(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 515, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up up Payment under this Section 5 15 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entitiesentity) or any entity which that effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5) (the "“Payments"”) would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "“Excise Tax"”), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "“Gross-Up Payment"”) in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (i) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments Payments, and (ii) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up up Payment in the Executive's ’s adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made. Such Gross-Up Payment will be made at the same time payment is made to the Executive pursuant to Section 4(a)(ii). For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (iA) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, (iiB) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iiiC) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "“parachute payments" ” under Section 280G 28OG of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "“Safe Harbor Cap"”), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 5, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "“Accounting Firm") ”), which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "“Determination"”). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another regionally or nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up up Payment under this Section 5 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's ’s applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("“Underpayment"”) or Gross-Up up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("“Overpayment"”), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5) (the "Payments") would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "Gross-Up Payment") in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (iI) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to those which could be disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to in the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision's adjusted gross income. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a)herein, all determinations required to be made under this Section 5Section, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap Payment and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the a public accounting firm that is retained by mutually acceptable to Executive and the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by Executive or the Company (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As The parties recognize that as a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 54) (the "PaymentsPAYMENTS") would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "CodeCODE"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise TaxEXCISE TAX"), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "GrossGROSS-Up PaymentUP PAYMENT") in an amount such that that, after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including including, without limitation, any Excise Taxincome taxes and any interest and penalties imposed with respect thereto, and any excise tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (i) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (ii) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be madePayments. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, and (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provisiontaxes. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a4(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 54, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction amount of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap any Option Redetermination (as defined below) and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting FirmACCOUNTING FIRM") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "DeterminationDETERMINATION"). In Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event (i) the Board shall determine prior to the Change in Control that the Accounting Firm is precluded from performing such services under applicable auditor independence rules, (ii) the Audit Committee of the Board determines that it does not want the Accounting Firm to perform such services because of auditor independence concerns or (iii) the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group person(s) effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to Board shall appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 4 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("UnderpaymentUNDERPAYMENT") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("OverpaymentOVERPAYMENT"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the amount of the Gross-Up Payment is less than the amount necessary to reimburse Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he Executive has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his Executive's expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this --------------------------------------------- Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit distribution or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) other action by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether paid or payable or distributed or distributable pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to including any additional payments required under this Section 55.6) (the a "PaymentsPAYMENT") would be subject to the an excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to any such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise TaxEXCISE TAX"), then the Company shall pay make a payment to the Executive an additional payment (a "GrossGROSS-Up PaymentUP PAYMENT") in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains (or has had paid to the Internal Revenue Service on his behalf) an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, and (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provisiontaxes. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 5, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five (45) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) a. Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive Employee (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 511) (the "Payments") would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive Employee with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), then the Company shall pay to the Executive Employee an additional payment (a "Gross-Up Payment") in an amount such that after payment by the Executive Employee of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive Employee retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the ExecutiveEmployee's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive Employee shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to those which could be disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up PaymentPayment in the Employee's adjusted gross income. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a11(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive Employee is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 510% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive Employee under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive Employee without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the ExecutiveEmployee. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii8(d)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the ExecutiveEmployee. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Section 10 shall not apply to any stock option grant if the result of the application of such Section 10 would be to alter the basis on which compensation expense is measured for purposes of APB Opinion Number 25. (b) b. Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a10(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 511, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive Employee within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive Employee that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive Employee may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 11 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the ExecutiveEmployee, it shall furnish the Executive Employee with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the ExecutiveEmployee's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive Employee with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the ExecutiveEmployee. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive Employee thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of ExecutiveEmployee. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive Employee for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive Employee (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive Employee shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entitiesentity) or any entity which that effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5) (the "“Payments"”) would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Code Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code")4999, or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "“Excise Tax"”), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "“Gross-Up Payment"”) in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (i) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments Payments, and (ii) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up up Payment in the Executive's ’s adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made. Such Gross-Up Payment will be made at the same time payment is made to the Executive pursuant to Section 4(a)(ii). For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (iA) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, (iiB) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iiiC) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% five percent of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "“parachute payments" ” under Code Section 280G of the Code28OG, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "“Safe Harbor Cap"”), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 5, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "“Accounting Firm") ”), which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five (45) 15 business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "“Determination"”). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another regionally or nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up up Payment under this Section 5 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) 30 days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's ’s applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Code Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("“Underpayment"”) or Gross-Up up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("“Overpayment"”), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Code Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code)) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Code Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code)) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit distribution or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) other action by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether paid or payable or distributed or distributable pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to including any additional payments required under this Section 5) (the a "PaymentsPayment") would be subject to the any excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to any such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), then the Company shall pay make a payment to the Executive an additional payment (a "Gross-Up Payment") in an amount such that after payment payments by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains (or has had paid to the Internal Revenue Service on his behalf) an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments Payments, and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, and (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 5, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five (45) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.maximum

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this -------------------------------------------- Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit distribution or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) other action by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether paid or payable or distributed or distributable pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to including any additional payments required under this Section 55.6) (the a "PaymentsPayment") would be subject to the an excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to any such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), then the Company shall pay make a payment to the Executive an additional payment (a "Gross-Up Payment") in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains (or has had paid to the Internal Revenue Service on his behalf) an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, and (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provisiontaxes. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 5, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five (45) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5) (the "Payments") would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "Gross-Up Payment") in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to those which could be disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Paymentup Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 510% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section Sections 4 and 5, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the a nationally recognized public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") ). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, Executive may appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). The Accounting Firm shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up up Payment under this Section 5 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary 9 notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (( or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5) (the "Payments") would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "Gross-Up Payment") in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (iI) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to those which could be disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to in the Executive's adjusted gross income. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (ba) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 5, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap Payment and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.business

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event that a Change of Control occurs prior to January 1, 2003, and it shall be determined that that, as a result of such Change of Control, any payment, award, benefit distribution or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) other action by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether paid or payable or distributed or distributable pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to including any additional payments required under this Section 55.6) (the "Payments"a “Payment”) would be subject to the an excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "“Code"”), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to any such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "“Excise Tax"”), then the Company shall pay make a payment to the Executive an additional payment (a "“Gross-Up Payment"”) in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains (or has had paid to the Internal Revenue Service on his behalf) an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's ’s adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, and (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provisiontaxes. (b) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (c) of this Section 5(a)5.6, all determinations required to be made under this Section 55.6, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, required and the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap Payment and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinationsdetermination, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control PriceWaterhouseCoopers (the "“Accounting Firm"”) which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five (45) 15 business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination")Company. In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in of Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to shall appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunderCompany. The Any Gross-Up Payment under Payment, as determined pursuant to this Section 5 with respect to any Payments 5.6, shall be made no later than thirty (30) paid by the Company to the Executive within five days following such Paymentof the receipt of the Accounting Firm’s determination. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, Tax on the Executive's ’s applicable federal income tax return will would not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination Any determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determinationinitial determination by the Accounting Firm hereunder, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("“Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"”), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Company exhausts its remedies pursuant to Section 5.6 and the Executive thereafter is required to make a payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of the Executive. In . (c) The Executive shall notify the event Company in writing of any claim by the amount Internal Revenue Service that, if successful, would require the payment by the Company of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse Payment. Such notification shall be given no later than fifteen (15) business days after the Executive for his Excise Tax, is informed in writing of such claim and shall apprise the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount Company of the Overpayment that has been made nature of such claim and any the date on which such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall claim is requested to be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Companypaid. The Executive shall cooperate, not pay such claim prior to the extent his expenses are reimbursed expiration of the 30-day period following the date on which he gives such notice to the Company (or such shorter period ending on the date that any payment of taxes with respect to such claim is due). If the Company notifies the Executive in writing prior to the expiration of such period that it desires to contest such claim, the Executive shall: (i) give the Company any information reasonably requested by the Company relating to such claim, (ii) take such action in connection with contesting such claim as the Company shall reasonably request in writing from time to time, including, without limitation, accepting legal representation with respect to such claim by an attorney reasonably selected by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.,

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entitiesentity) or any entity which that effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5) (the "“Payments"”) would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "“Code"”), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "“Excise Tax"”), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "“Gross-Up Payment"”) in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up up Payment in the Executive's ’s adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall itshall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "“parachute payments" ” under Section 280G 28OG of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "“Safe Harbor Cap"”), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 5, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five (45) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 516) (the "Payments") would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "Gross-Up Payment") in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, and (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up Paymenttaxes. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a16(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii)9, unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a16(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 516, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up up Payment under this Section 5 16 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (ai) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control of the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) as defined in the Prior Agreement, to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, the Agreement between the Company and Executive dated the date hereof, or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 57(f)) (the "“Payments"”) would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "“Code"”), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "“Excise Tax"”), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "“Gross-Up Payment"”) in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (i) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (ii) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be madePayments. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (ix) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, made and (iiy) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and taxes. In the event that no Excise Tax is applicable, this Section 7(f) shall not be applicable. (iiiii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Gross-Up PaymentPayment described in subsection (f)(i) shall not be paid to Executive if the aggregate Parachute Value (as defined below) of all Payments does not exceed one hundred ten percent (110%) of the Safe Harbor Amount (as defined below). Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a)In such an instance, if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments to which Executive would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall otherwise become entitled will instead be reduced (but not below zero) to so that the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction aggregate present value of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, Payments under this Agreement shall be made by reducing first equal the payments under Section 4(a)(iiReduced Amount (as defined below), unless an alternative . Unless the Employee shall have elected another method of reduction is elected by written notice to the Executive. For purposes of reducing Company prior to the Change in Control, the Company shall reduce the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (by first reducing Payments that are payable in cash and no other Payments) shall be reducedthen by reducing Payments that are not payable in cash. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no Only amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. subsection (b) Subject to the provisions f)(ii). The “Parachute Value” of Section 5(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 5, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company present value as of the date immediately prior to of the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five (45) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses portion of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment that constitutes a “parachute payment” under this Section 5 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B280G(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid , as determined by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.the

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (aSubject to and as provided by Section 5(f) Anything in of this Agreement to the contrary notwithstandingAgreement, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in of Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive Employee (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5Appendix A) (the "“Payments"”) would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "“Code"”), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive Employee with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "“Excise Tax"”), then the Company shall pay to the Executive Employee an additional payment (a "“Gross-Up Payment"”) in an amount such that after payment by Employee from the Executive Gross-Up Payment of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive Employee retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's Employee’s adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive Employee shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes in the state and locality in which Employee is subject to taxation at the highest marginal rate of taxation in each state and locality for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to those which could be disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up PaymentPayment in the Employee’s adjusted gross income. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a)Appendix A, if it shall be determined that the Executive Employee is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 510% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "“parachute payments" ” under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive Employee under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive Employee without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "“Safe Harbor Cap"”), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the ExecutiveEmployee. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii)any cash payments, unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the ExecutiveEmployee. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 5, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five (45) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5) (the "Payments") would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "Gross-Up Payment") in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 5, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five (45) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5) (the "Payments") would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "Gross-Up Payment") in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 5, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.the

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. In the event of a ------------------------------------------ Change of Control, if the Company is unable to satisfy the exemption for small business corporations, as set forth in Section 280G(b)(5) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (athe "Code") and the applicable regulations thereunder, and amounts payable under this Agreement constitute "excess parachute payments" under Section 280G(b) of the Code and applicable regulations, the following shall apply: (i) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) control to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5) (the "Payments") would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "Gross-Up Payment") in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to those which could be disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up PaymentPayment in Executive's adjusted gross income. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a8(e)(i), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 510% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii8(a)(i) or 8(a)(ii), as the case may be, unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (bii) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a8(e)(i), all determinations required to be made under this Section 58(e), including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Gross- Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap Payment and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 8(e) with respect to any Payments made to Executive shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines determineds that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. . (iii) As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests conteest or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (ai) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, awarddistribution, benefit benefit, equity-based or distribution (other compensation or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit other transfer or distribution) action by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether paid or payable or distributed or distributable pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwiseotherwise and including, but determined without regard to limitation, any additional payments required under this Section 55(h)) (the "Payments"a “Payment”) would be subject to the an excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to any such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "“Excise Tax"”), then the Company shall pay make a payment to the Executive an additional payment (a "“Gross-Up Payment"”) in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains (or has had paid to the Internal Revenue Service on his behalf) an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's ’s adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, and (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate rates of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local income taxes. The Gross-Up Payment shall be paid to Executive no later than the end of the taxable year next following the taxable year in which Executive remits the taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal related to the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (bii) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (iii) of this Section 5(a5(h), all determinations required to be made under this Section 55(h), including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, required and the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap Payment and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinationsdetermination, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control Deloitte & Touche LLP (the "“Accounting Firm"”) which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination")Company. In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in of Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to shall appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunderCompany. The Any Gross-Up Payment under Payment, as determined pursuant to this Section 5 with respect to any Payments 5(h), shall be made paid by the Company to Executive promptly following the receipt of the Accounting Firm’s determination but in no event later than thirty (30) days the end of the taxable year next following such Paymentthe taxable year in which the Accounting Firm’s determination is received. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, Tax on the Executive's ’s applicable federal income tax return will would not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination Any determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determinationinitial determination by the Accounting Firm hereunder, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("“Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"”), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Company exhausts its remedies pursuant to Section 5(h) and Executive thereafter is required to make a payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of ExecutiveExecutive but in no event later than the end of the taxable year next following the taxable year in which Executive remits the taxes. In the event the amount The previous sentence shall apply mutatis mutandis to any overpayment of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds Payment. (iii) Executive shall notify the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount Company in writing of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid claim by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for Service that, if successful, would require the benefit payment by the Company of the CompanyGross-Up Payment. The Such notification shall be given as soon as practicable but no later than ten (10) days after Executive is informed in writing of such claim and shall apprise the Company of the nature of such claim and the date on which such claim is requested to be paid. Executive shall cooperatenot pay such claim prior to the expiration of the thirty (30)-day period following the date on which Executive gives such notice to the Company (or such shorter period ending on the date that any payment of taxes with respect to such claim is due). If the Company notifies Executive in writing prior to the expiration of such period that it desires to contest such claim, Executive shall: (A) give the Company any information reasonably requested by the Company relating to such claim; (B) take such action in connection with contesting such claim as the Company shall reasonably request in writing from time to time, including, without limitation, accepting legal representation with respect to such claim by an attorney reasonably selected by the Company; (C) cooperate with the Company in good faith in order effectively to contest such claim; and (D) permit the Company to participate in any proceedings relating to such claim; provided, however, that the Company shall bear and pay directly all costs and expenses (including additional interest and penalties) incurred in connection with such contest and shall indemnify and hold Executive harmless, on an after-tax basis, for any Excise Tax or income tax (including interest and penalties with respect thereto) imposed as a result of such representation and payment of costs and expenses. Without limitation on the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(h)(iii), the Company shall control all proceedings taken in connection with such contest and, at its sole option, may pursue or forgo any and all administrative appeals, proceedings, hearings and conferences with the taxing authority in respect of such claim and may, at its sole option, either direct Executive to pay the tax claimed and ▇▇▇ for a refund or contest the claim in any permissible manner, and Executive agrees to prosecute such contest to a determination before any administrative tribunal, in a court of initial jurisdiction and in one or more appellate courts, as the Company shall determine; provided, however, that if the Company directs Executive to pay such claim and ▇▇▇ for a refund, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed permitted by law, the Company shall advance the amount of such payment to Executive, on an interest-free basis and shall indemnify and hold Executive harmless, on an after-tax basis, from any Excise Tax or income tax (including interest or penalties with respect thereto) imposed with respect to such advance or with respect to any imputed income with respect to such advance; and provided further that any extension of the statute of limitations relating to payment of taxes for the taxable year of Executive with respect to which such contested amount is claimed to be due is limited solely to such contested amount. Furthermore, the Company’s Control of the contest shall be limited to issues with respect to which a Gross-Up Payment would be payable hereunder and Executive shall be entitled to settle or contest, with as the case may be, any reasonable requests other issue raised by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection or any other taxing authority. (iv) If, after the receipt by Executive of an amount advanced by the Company pursuant to Section 5(h)(iii), Executive becomes entitled to receive any refund with respect to such claim, Executive shall (subject to the Company’s complying with the Excise Taxrequirements of Section 5(h)(iii)) promptly pay to the Company the amount of such refund (together with any interest paid or credited thereon after taxes applicable thereto). If, after the receipt by Executive of an amount advanced by the Company pursuant to Section 5(h)(iii), a determination is made that Executive shall not be entitled to any refund with respect to such claim and the Company does not notify Executive in writing of its intent to contest such denial of refund prior to the expiration of thirty (30) days after such determination, then such advance shall be forgiven and shall not be required to be repaid and the amount of such advance shall offset, to the extent thereof, the amount of Gross-Up Payment required to be paid.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a1) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 58(f)) (the "“Payments"”) would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "“Code"”), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "“Excise Tax"”), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "“Gross-Up Payment"”) in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (i) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (ii) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be madePayments. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, made and (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 5, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five (45) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination")taxes. In the event that the Accounting Firm no Excise Tax is serving as accountant or auditor for the individualapplicable, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree this Section 8(f) shall not be applicable. (2) The determinations to appoint another nationally recognized public be made with respect to this Section 8(f) shall be made by an accounting firm to make (the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely “Auditor”) jointly selected by the Company and Executive and paid by the Company. The Auditor shall be a nationally recognized United States public accounting firm that has not during the two years preceding the date of its selection acted in any way on behalf of the Company or any of its subsidiaries. If Executive and the Company cannot agree on the firm to serve as the Auditor, then Executive and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by each select one such accounting firm and those two firms shall jointly select such an accounting firm to serve as the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunderAuditor. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 8(f) with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm Auditor determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's ’s applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination determinations by the Accounting Firm Auditor shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determinationdetermination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("“Underpayment"”) or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("“Overpayment"”), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm Auditor shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his or her Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm Auditor shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he or she has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his or her expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax. In the event that the Company determines that the value of any accelerated vesting of stock options held by Executive shall be redetermined within the context of Treasury Regulation §1.280G-1 Q/A 33 (the “Option Redetermination”), Executive shall (i) file with the Internal Revenue Service an amended federal income tax return that claims a refund of the overpayment of the Excise Tax attributable to such Option Redetermination and (ii) promptly pay the refunded Excise Tax to the Company; provided that the Company shall pay all reasonable professional fees incurred in the preparation of Executive’s amended federal income tax return.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which that effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive Employee (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5) 8) (the "“Payments"”) would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "“Code"”), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive Employee with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "“Excise Tax"”), then the Company shall pay to the Executive Employee an additional payment (a "“Gross-Up Payment"”) in an amount such that after payment by the Executive Employee of all taxes (including any income, employment and Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive Employee retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's Employee’s adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate rates of federal each of federal, state and local income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive Employee shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, made (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes taxes, and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes pay all federal, state and local employment-related taxes (including, but not limited to, FICA) at least equal to the Gross-Up Paymenthighest marginal rate of taxation. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a8(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive Employee is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "“parachute payments" ” under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive Employee under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive Employee without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "“Safe Harbor Cap"”), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the ExecutiveEmployee. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative a method of reduction is elected determined by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reducedEmployee in his sole discretion. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a8(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 58(b), including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "“Accounting Firm"”) which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive Employee within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive Employee that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "“Determination"”). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive Employee may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 8 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the ExecutiveEmployee, it shall furnish the Executive Employee with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's Employee’s applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive Employee with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the ExecutiveEmployee. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which that will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("“Underpayment"”) or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which that should not have been made ("“Overpayment"”), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive Employee thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of ExecutiveEmployee. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive Employee for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive Employee (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive Employee shall cooperate, to the extent his Employee’s expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a1) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 56(f)) (the "“Payments"”) would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "“Code"”), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "“Excise Tax"”), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "“Gross-Up Payment"”) in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (i) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (ii) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be madePayments. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, made and (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 5, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five (45) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination")taxes. In the event that the Accounting Firm no Excise Tax is serving as accountant or auditor for the individualapplicable, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree this Section 6(f) shall not be applicable. (2) The determinations to appoint another nationally recognized public be made with respect to this Section 6(f) shall be made by an accounting firm to make (the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely “Auditor”) jointly selected by the Company and Executive and paid by the Company. The Auditor shall be a nationally recognized United States public accounting firm that has not during the two years preceding the date of its selection acted in any way on behalf of the Company or any of its subsidiaries. If Executive and the Company cannot agree on the firm to serve as the Auditor, then Executive and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by each select one such accounting firm and those two firms shall jointly select such an accounting firm to serve as the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunderAuditor. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 6(f) with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm Auditor determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's ’s applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination determinations by the Accounting Firm Auditor shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determinationdetermination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("“Underpayment"”) or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("“Overpayment"”), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm Auditor shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his or her Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm Auditor shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he or she has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his or her expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax. In the event that the Company determines that the value of any accelerated vesting of stock options held by Executive shall be redetermined within the context of Treasury Regulation §1.280G-1 Q/A 33 (the “Option Redetermination”), Executive shall (i) file with the Internal Revenue Service an amended federal income tax return that claims a refund of the overpayment of the Excise Tax attributable to such Option Redetermination and (ii) promptly pay the refunded Excise Tax to the Company; provided that the Company shall pay all reasonable professional fees incurred in the preparation of Executive’s amended federal income tax return.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 515) (the "PaymentsPAYMENTS") would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "CodeCODE"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise TaxEXCISE TAX"), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "GrossGROSS-Up PaymentUP PAYMENT") in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, and (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up Paymenttaxes. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a15(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor CapSAFE HARBOR CAP"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii)15, unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a15(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 515, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting FirmACCOUNTING FIRM") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "DeterminationDETERMINATION"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up up Payment under this Section 5 15 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("UnderpaymentUNDERPAYMENT") or Gross-Up up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("OverpaymentOVERPAYMENT"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (ai) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit distribution or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) other action by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether paid or payable or distributed or distributable pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise) including, but determined without regard to limitation any additional payments required under this Section 55(g) (the a "PaymentsPayment") would be subject to the an excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to any such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), then the Company shall pay make a payment to the Executive an additional payment (a "Gross-Up Payment") in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains (or has had paid to the Internal Revenue Service on his behalf) an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, and (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate rates of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local income taxes. The Gross-Up Payment shall be paid to Executive no later than the end of the taxable year next following the taxable year in which Executive remits the taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal related to the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (bii) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (iii) of this Section 5(a), 5(g) all determinations required to be made under this Section 55(g), including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, required and the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap Payment and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinationsdetermination, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control Deloitte & Touche LLP (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination")Company. In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in of Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to shall appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunderCompany. The Any Gross-Up Payment under Payment, as determined pursuant to this Section 5 with respect to any Payments 5(g), shall be made paid by the Company to Executive promptly following the receipt of the Accounting Firm’s determination but in no event later than thirty (30) days the end of the taxable year next following such Paymentthe taxable year in which the Accounting Firm’s determination is received. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, Tax on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will would not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination Any determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determinationinitial determination by the Accounting Firm hereunder, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Company exhausts its remedies pursuant to Section 5(g) and Executive thereafter is required to make a payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of ExecutiveExecutive but in no event later than the end of the taxable year next following the taxable year in which Executive remits the taxes. In the event the amount The previous sentence shall apply mutatis mutandis to any overpayment of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds Payment. (iii) Executive shall notify the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount Company in writing of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid claim by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for Service that, if successful, would require the benefit payment by the Company of the CompanyGross-Up Payment. The Such notification shall be given as soon as practicable but no later than ten (10) days after Executive is informed in writing of such claim and shall apprise the Company of the nature of such claim and the date on which such claim is requested to be paid. Executive shall cooperatenot pay such claim prior to the expiration of the thirty (30) day period following the date on which Executive gives such notice to the Company (or such shorter period ending on the date that any payment of taxes with respect to such claim is due). If the Company notifies Executive in writing prior to the expiration of such period that it desires to contest such claim, Executive shall: (A) give the Company any information reasonably requested by the Company relating to such claim; (B) take such action in connection with contesting such claim as the Company shall reasonably request in writing from time to time, including, without limitation, accepting legal representation with respect to such claim by an attorney reasonably selected by the Company; (C) cooperate with the Company in good faith in order effectively to contest such claim; and (D) permit the Company to participate in any proceedings relating to such claim; provided, however, that the Company shall bear and pay directly all costs and expenses (including additional interest and penalties) incurred in connection with such contest and shall indemnify and hold Executive harmless, on an after-tax basis, for any Excise Tax or income tax (including interest and penalties with respect thereto) imposed as a result of such representation and payment of costs and expenses. Without limitation on the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(g)(iii), the Company shall control all proceedings taken in connection with such contest and, at its sole option, may pursue or forego any and all administrative appeals, proceedings, hearings and conferences with the taxing authority in respect of such claim and may, at its sole option, either direct Executive to pay the tax claimed and ▇▇▇ for a refund or contest the claim in any permissible manner, and Executive agrees to prosecute such contest to a determination before any administrative tribunal, in a court of initial jurisdiction and in one or more appellate courts, as the Company shall determine; provided, however, that if the Company directs Executive to pay such claim and ▇▇▇ for a refund, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed permitted by law, the Company shall advance the amount of such payment to Executive, on an interest-free basis and shall indemnify and hold Executive harmless, on an after-tax basis, from any Excise Tax or income tax (including interest or penalties with respect thereto) imposed with respect to such advance or with respect to any imputed income with respect to such advance; and provided further that any extension of the statute of limitations relating to payment of taxes for the taxable year of Executive with respect to which such contested amount is claimed to be due is limited solely to such contested amount. Furthermore, the Company's control of the contest shall be limited to issues with respect to which a Gross-Up Payment would be payable hereunder and Executive shall be entitled to settle or contest, with as the case may be, any reasonable requests other issue raised by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection or any other taxing authority. (iv) If, after the receipt by Executive of an amount advanced by the Company pursuant to Section 5(g)(iii), Executive becomes entitled to receive any refund with respect to such claim, Executive shall (subject to the Company's complying with the Excise Taxrequirements of Section 5(g)(iii)) promptly pay to the Company the amount of such refund (together with any interest paid or credited thereon after taxes applicable thereto). If, after the receipt by Executive of an amount advanced by the Company pursuant to Section 5(g)(iii), a determination is made that Executive shall not be entitled to any refund with respect to such claim and the Company does not notify Executive in writing of its intent to contest such denial of refund prior to the expiration of thirty (30) days after such determination, then such advance shall be forgiven and shall not be required to be repaid and the amount of such advance shall offset, to the extent thereof, the amount of Gross-Up Payment required to be paid.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event that a Change of Control occurs prior to January 1, 2003, and it shall be determined that that, as a result of such Change of Control, any payment, award, benefit distribution or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) other action by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether paid or payable or distributed or distributable pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to including any additional payments required under this Section 55.6) (the "Payments"a “Payment”) would be subject to the an excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "“Code"”), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to any such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "“Excise Tax"”), then the Company shall pay make a payment to the Executive an additional payment (a "“Gross-Up Payment"”) in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Gross- Up Payment, the Executive retains (or has had paid to the Internal Revenue Service on his behalf) an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's ’s adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, and (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provisiontaxes. (b) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (c) of this Section 5(a)5.6, all determinations required to be made under this Section 55.6, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, required and the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap Payment and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinationsdetermination, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control PriceWaterhouseCoopers (the "“Accounting Firm"”) which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five (45) 15 business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination")Company. In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in of Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to shall appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunderCompany. The Any Gross-Up Payment under Payment, as determined pursuant to this Section 5 with respect to any Payments 5.6, shall be made no later than thirty (30) paid by the Company to the Executive within five days following such Paymentof the receipt of the Accounting Firm’s determination. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, Tax on the Executive's ’s applicable federal income tax return will would not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination Any determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determinationinitial determination by the Accounting Firm hereunder, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("“Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"”), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Company exhausts its remedies pursuant to Section 5.6 and the Executive thereafter is required to make a payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of the Executive. In . (c) The Executive shall notify the event Company in writing of any claim by the amount Internal Revenue Service that, if successful, would require the payment by the Company of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse Payment. Such notification shall be given no later than fifteen (15) business days after the Executive for his Excise Tax, is informed in writing of such claim and shall apprise the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount Company of the Overpayment that has been made nature of such claim and any the date on which such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall claim is requested to be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Companypaid. The Executive shall cooperatenot pay such claim prior to the expiration of the 30-day period following the date on which he gives such notice to the Company (or such shorter period ending on the date that any payment of taxes with respect to such claim is due). If the Company notifies the Executive in writing prior to the expiration of such period that it desires to contest such claim, the Executive shall: (i) give the Company any information reasonably requested by the Company relating to such claim, (ii) take such action in connection with contesting such claim as the Company shall reasonably request in writing from time to time, including, without limitation, accepting legal representation with respect to such claim by an attorney reasonably selected by the Company, (iii) cooperate with the Company in good faith in order effectively to contest such claim, and (iv) permit the Company to participate in any proceedings relating to such claim; provided, however, that the Company shall bear and pay directly all costs and expenses (including additional interest and penalties) incurred in connection with such contest and shall indemnify and hold the Executive harmless, on an after-tax basis, for any Excise Tax or income tax (including interest and penalties with respect thereto) imposed as a result of such representation and payment of costs and expenses. Without limitation on the foregoing provisions of this Section 5.6(c), the Company shall control all proceedings taken in connection with such contest and, at its sole option, may pursue or forego any and all administrative appeals, proceedings, hearings and conferences with the taxing authority in respect of such claim and may, at its sole option, either direct the Executive to pay the tax claimed and ▇▇▇ for a refund or contest the claim in any permissible manner, and the Executive agrees to prosecute such contest to a determination before any administrative tribunal, in a court of initial jurisdiction and in one or more appellate courts, as the Company shall determine; provided, however, that if the Company directs the Executive to pay such claim and ▇▇▇ for a refund, the Company shall advance the amount of such payment to the Executive, on an interest-free basis and shall indemnify and hold the Executive harmless, on an after-tax basis, from any Excise Tax or income tax (including interest or penalties with respect thereto) imposed with respect to such advance or with respect to any imputed income with respect to such advance; and further provided that any extension of the statute of limitations relating to payment of taxes for the taxable year of the Executive with respect to which such contested amount is claimed to be due is limited solely to such contested amount. Furthermore, the Company’s control of the contest shall be limited to issues with respect to which a Gross-Up Payment would be payable hereunder and the Executive shall be entitled to settle or contest, as the case may be, any other issue raised by the Internal Revenue Service or any other taxing authority. (d) If, after the receipt by the Executive of an amount advanced by the Company pursuant to Section 5.6(c), the Executive becomes entitled to receive any refund with respect to such claim, the Executive shall (subject to the Company’s complying with the requirements of Section 5.6(c)) promptly pay to the Company the amount of such refund (together with any interest paid or credited thereon after taxes applicable thereto). If, after the receipt by the Executive of an amount advanced by the Company pursuant to Section 5.6(c), a determination is made that the Executive shall not be entitled to any refund with respect to such claim and the Company does not notify the Executive in writing of its intent to contest such denial of refund prior to the expiration of 30 days after such determination, then such advance shall be forgiven and shall not be required to be repaid and the amount of such advance shall offset, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by thereof, the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Taxamount of Gross-Up Payment required to be paid.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5) 8) (the "“Payments"”) would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "“Code"”), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "“Excise Tax"”), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "“Gross-Up Payment"”) in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, and (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up Paymenttaxes. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a8(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "“parachute payments" under payments”under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "“Safe Harbor Cap"”), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii)8, unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a8(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 58(b), including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "“Accounting Firm"”) which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "“Determination"”). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up up Payment under this Section 5 8 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("“Underpayment"”) or Gross-Up up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("“Overpayment"”), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 515) (the "“Payments"”) would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "“Code"”), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "“Excise Tax"”), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "“Gross-Up Payment"”) in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up up Payment in the Executive's ’s adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, and (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up Paymenttaxes. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a15(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "“parachute payments" ” under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "“Safe Harbor Cap"”), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii)15, unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a15(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 515, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "“Accounting Firm"”) which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "“Determination"”). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up up Payment under this Section 5 15 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's ’s applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("“Underpayment"”) or Gross-Up up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("“Overpayment"”), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company; provided, however, that such repayment obligation shall not apply to the extent it would be treated as a prohibited personal loan from the Company to Executive for purposes of the S▇▇▇▇▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇▇ Act of 2002. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything Notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstandingcontrary, in the event that it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) made by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) subsidiaries or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) Successor to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5Annex A) (the "“Payments"”) would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "“Code"”), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, penalties are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "“Excise Tax"”), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "“Gross-Up up Payment"”) in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any the Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up up Payment equal to the sum of (i) the Excise Tax imposed upon on the Payments and (ii) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be madePayments. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, and (ii) pay all applicable state and other local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 5, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five (45) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.be

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5) (the "Payments") would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "Gross-Up Payment") in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (iI) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to those which could be disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to in the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision's adjusted gross income. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 5, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap Payment and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.appoint

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) 5.11.1. Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit distribution or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) other action by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether paid or payable or distributed or distributable pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to (including any additional payments required under this Section 55.11) (the a "PaymentsPayment") would be subject to the an excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to any such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are is hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), then the Company shall pay make a payment to the Executive an additional payment (a "Gross-Up Payment") in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains (or has had paid to the IRS on his behalf) an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, and (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provisiontaxes. (b) 5.11.2. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 5.11.3 of this Section 5(a)5.11, all determinations required to be made under this Section 55.11, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, required and the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap Payment and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinationsdetermination, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control KPMG LLP (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five (45) 15 business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination")Company. In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in of Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to shall appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunderCompany. The Any Gross-Up Payment under Payment, as determined pursuant to this Section 5 with respect to any Payments 5.11, shall be made no later than thirty (30) paid by the Company to the Executive within five days following such Paymentof the receipt of the Accounting Firm's determination. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, Tax on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will would not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination Any determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive, absent manifest error. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determinationinitial determination by the Accounting Firm hereunder, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Company exhausts its remedies pursuant to Section 5.11 and the Executive thereafter is required to make a payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of the Executive. 5.11.3. In The Executive shall notify the event Company in writing of any claim by the amount IRS that, if successful, would require the payment by the Company of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse Payment. Such notification shall be given as soon as practicable but no later than ten (10) business days after the Executive for his Excise Tax, is informed in writing of such claim and shall apprise the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount Company of the Overpayment that has been made nature of such claim and any the date on which such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall claim is requested to be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Companypaid. The Executive shall cooperatenot pay such claim prior to the expiration of the thirty (30) day period following the date on which he gives such notice to the Company (or such shorter period ending on the date that any payment of taxes with respect to such claim is due). If the Company notifies the Executive in writing prior to the expiration of such period that it desires to contest such claim, the Executive shall: (i) give the Company any information reasonably requested by the Company relating to such claim, (ii) take such action in connection with contesting such claim as the Company shall reasonably request in writing from time to time, including, without limitation, accepting legal representation with respect to such claim by an attorney reasonably selected by the Company, and reasonably acceptable to the Executive, (iii) cooperate with the Company in good faith in order effectively to contest such claim, and (iv) permit the Company to participate in any proceedings relating to such claim; provided, however, that the Company shall bear and pay directly all costs and expenses (including additional interest and penalties) incurred in connection with such contest and shall indemnify and hold the Executive harmless, on an after-tax basis, for any Excise Tax, income tax or employment tax (including interest and penalties with respect thereto) imposed as a result of such representation and payment of costs and expenses. Without limitation on the foregoing provisions of this Section 5.11.3, the Company shall control all proceedings taken in connection with such contest and, at its sole option, may pursue or forego any and all administrative appeals, proceedings, hearings and conferences with the taxing authority in respect of such claim and may, at its sole option, either direct the Executive to pay the tax claimed and sue for a refund or contest the claim in any permissible manner, and ▇▇e Executive agrees to prosecute such contest to a determination before any administrative tribunal, in a court of initial jurisdiction and in one or more appellate courts, as the Company shall determine; provided, however, that if the Company directs the Executive to pay such claim and sue for a refund, the Company shall advance the amount of such payme▇▇ to the Executive, on an interest-free basis, and shall indemnify and hold the Executive harmless, on an after-tax basis, from any Excise Tax, income tax or employment tax (including interest or penalties with respect thereto) imposed with respect to such advance or with respect to any imputed income with respect to such advance; and further provided that any extension of the statute of limitations relating to payment of taxes for the taxable year of the Executive with respect to which such contested amount is claimed to be due is limited solely to such contested amount. Furthermore, the Company's control of the contest shall be limited to issues with respect to which a Gross-Up Payment would be payable hereunder and the Executive shall be entitled to settle or contest, as the case may be, any other issue raised by the IRS or any other taxing authority. 5.11.4. If, after the receipt by the Executive of an amount advanced by the Company pursuant to Section 5.11.3, the Executive becomes entitled to receive any refund with respect to such claim, the Executive shall (subject to the Company's complying with the requirements of Section 5.11.3) promptly pay to the Company the amount of such refund (together with any interest paid or credited thereon after taxes applicable thereto). If, after the receipt by the Executive of an amount advanced by the Company pursuant to Section 5.11.3, a determination is made that the Executive shall not be entitled to any refund with respect to such claim and the Company does not notify the Executive in writing of its intent to contest such denial of refund prior to the expiration of thirty (30) days after such determination, then such advance shall be forgiven and shall not be required to be repaid and the amount of such advance shall offset, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by thereof, the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Taxamount of Gross-Up Payment required to be paid.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5) (the "Payments") would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "Gross-Up Payment") in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to those which could be disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Paymentup Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 510% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section Sections 4 and 5, including whether and when a Gross-Gross- Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the a nationally recognized public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") ). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, Executive may appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). The Accounting Firm shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up up Payment under this Section 5 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entitiesentity) or any entity which that effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5) (the "Payments") would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "Gross-Up Payment") in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii4(a) (ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 5, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five (45) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event that a Change of Control occurs prior to January 1, 2003, and it shall be determined that that, as a result of such Change of Control, any payment, award, benefit distribution or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) other action by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether paid or payable or distributed or distributable pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to including any additional payments required under this Section 55.6) (the a "PaymentsPayment") would be subject to the an excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to any such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), then the Company shall pay make a payment to the Executive an additional payment (a "Gross-Up Payment") in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains (or has had paid to the Internal Revenue Service on his behalf) an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, and (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provisiontaxes. (b) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (c) of this Section 5(a)5.6, all determinations required to be made under this Section 55.6, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, required and the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap Payment and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinationsdetermination, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ & Co. (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five (45) 15 business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination")Company. In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in of Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to shall appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunderCompany. The Any Gross-Up Payment under Payment, as determined pursuant to this Section 5 with respect to any Payments 5.6, shall be made no later than thirty (30) paid by the Company to the Executive within five days following such Paymentof the receipt of the Accounting Firm's determination. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, Tax on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will would not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination Any determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determinationinitial determination by the Accounting Firm hereunder, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Company exhausts its remedies pursuant to Section 5.6 and the Executive thereafter is required to make a payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of the Executive. In . (c) The Executive shall notify the event Company in writing of any claim by the amount Internal Revenue Service that, if successful, would require the payment by the Company of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse Payment. Such notification shall be given no later than fifteen (15) business days after the Executive for his Excise Tax, is informed in writing of such claim and shall apprise the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount Company of the Overpayment that has been made nature of such claim and any the date on which such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall claim is requested to be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Companypaid. The Executive shall cooperatenot pay such claim prior to the expiration of the 30-day period following the date on which he gives such notice to the Company (or such shorter period ending on the date that any payment of taxes with respect to such claim is due). If the Company notifies the Executive in writing prior to the expiration of such period that it desires to contest such claim, the Executive shall: (i) give the Company any information reasonably requested by the Company relating to such claim, (ii) take such action in connection with contesting such claim as the Company shall reasonably request in writing from time to time, including, without limitation, accepting legal representation with respect to such claim by an attorney reasonably selected by the Company, (iii) cooperate with the Company in good faith in order effectively to contest such claim, and (iv) permit the Company to participate in any proceedings relating to such claim; provided, however, that the Company shall bear and pay directly all costs and expenses (including additional interest and penalties) incurred in connection with such contest and shall indemnify and hold the Executive harmless, on an after-tax basis, for any Excise Tax or income tax (including interest and penalties with respect thereto) imposed as a result of such representation and payment of costs and expenses. Without limitation on the foregoing provisions of this Section 5.6(c), the Company shall control all proceedings taken in connection with such contest and, at its sole option, may pursue or forego any and all administrative appeals, proceedings, hearings and conferences with the taxing authority in respect of such claim and may, at its sole option, either direct the Executive to pay the tax claimed and ▇▇▇ for a refund or contest the claim in any permissible manner, and the Executive agrees to prosecute such contest to a determination before any administrative tribunal, in a court of initial jurisdiction and in one or more appellate courts, as the Company shall determine; provided, however, that if the Company directs the Executive to pay such claim and ▇▇▇ for a refund, the Company shall advance the amount of such payment to the Executive, on an interest-free basis and shall indemnify and hold the Executive harmless, on an after-tax basis, from any Excise Tax or income tax (including interest or penalties with respect thereto) imposed with respect to such advance or with respect to any imputed income with respect to such advance; and further provided that any extension of the statute of limitations relating to payment of taxes for the taxable year of the Executive with respect to which such contested amount is claimed to be due is limited solely to such contested amount. Furthermore, the Company's control of the contest shall be limited to issues with respect to which a Gross-Up Payment would be payable hereunder and the Executive shall be entitled to settle or contest, as the case may be, any other issue raised by the Internal Revenue Service or any other taxing authority. (d) If, after the receipt by the Executive of an amount advanced by the Company pursuant to Section 5.6(c), the Executive becomes entitled to receive any refund with respect to such claim, the Executive shall (subject to the Company's complying with the requirements of Section 5.6(c)) promptly pay to the Company the amount of such refund (together with any interest paid or credited thereon after taxes applicable thereto). If, after the receipt by the Executive of an amount advanced by the Company pursuant to Section 5.6(c), a determination is made that the Executive shall not be entitled to any refund with respect to such claim and the Company does not notify the Executive in writing of its intent to contest such denial of refund prior to the expiration of 30 days after such determination, then such advance shall be forgiven and shall not be required to be repaid and the amount of such advance shall offset, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by thereof, the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Taxamount of Gross-Up Payment required to be paid.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which that effectuates a Change in of Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 57) (the "“Payments"”) would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "“Code"”), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "“Excise Tax"”), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "“Gross-Up Payment"”) in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any income, employment and Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's ’s adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate rates of federal each of federal, state and local income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, made (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes taxes, and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes pay all federal, state and local employment-related taxes (including, but not limited to, FICA) at least equal to the Gross-Up Paymenthighest marginal rate of taxation. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a7(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "“parachute payments" ” under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "“Safe Harbor Cap"”), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative a method of reduction is elected determined by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reducedExecutive in her sole discretion. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a7(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 57(b), including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "“Accounting Firm"”) which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "“Determination"”). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 7 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's ’s applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which that will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("“Underpayment"”) or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which that should not have been made ("“Overpayment"”), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he she has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his Executive’s expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstandingnotwithstanding and except as set forth below, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit payment or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether paid or payable or distributed or distributable pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 59) (the a "PaymentsPayment") would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), ) or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), then the Company Executive shall pay be entitled to the Executive receive: (i) an additional payment (a "Gross-Up Payment") in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any interest or penalties imposed with respect to such taxes), including, without limitation, any income taxes (and any interest and penalties imposed with respect thereto) and Excise Tax) Tax imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (i) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments Payments, and (ii) an amount equal to the product of any deductions disallowed for federal, state or local income tax purposes because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and multiplied by the highest applicable marginal rate of federal federal, state, or local income taxation taxation, respectively, for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a9(c), all determinations required to be made under this Section 59, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, required and the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap Payment and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinationsdetermination, shall be made by the Deloitte & Touche LLP or such other certified public accounting firm that is retained as may be designated by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control Executive (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five (45) 15 business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination")Company. In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change of Control (as defined in Controlthe Prior Employment Agreement), the Company and the Executive may agree to shall appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunderCompany. The Any Gross-Up Payment under Payment, as determined pursuant to this Section 5 with respect to any Payments 9, shall be made no later than thirty (30) paid by the Company to the Executive within five days following such Payment. If of the receipt of the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the ExecutiveFirm's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penaltydetermination. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination Any determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determinationinitial determination by the Accounting Firm hereunder, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Company exhausts its remedies pursuant to Section 9(c) and the Executive thereafter is required to make a payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of the Executive. In . (c) The Executive shall notify the event Company in writing of any claim by the amount Internal Revenue Service that, if successful, would require the payment by the Company of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse Payment. Such notification shall be given as soon as practicable but no later than ten business days after the Executive for his Excise Tax, is informed in writing of such claim and shall apprise the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount Company of the Overpayment that has been made nature of such claim and any the date on which such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall claim is requested to be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Companypaid. The Executive shall cooperatenot pay such claim prior to the expiration of the 30-day period following the date on which it gives such notice to the Company (or such shorter period ending on the date that any payment of taxes with respect to such claim is due). If the Company notifies the Executive in writing prior to the expiration of such period that it desires to contest such claim, the Executive shall: (i) give the Company any information reasonably requested by the Company relating to such claim, (ii) take such action in connection with contesting such claim as the Company shall reasonably request in writing from time to time, including, without limitation, accepting legal representation with respect to such claim by an attorney reasonably selected by the Company, (iii) cooperate with the Company in good faith in order to effectively contest such claim, and (iv) permit the Company to participate in any proceedings relating to such claim; provided, however, that the Company shall bear and pay directly all costs and expenses (including additional interest and penalties) incurred in connection with such contest and shall indemnify and hold the Executive harmless, on an after-tax basis, for any Excise Tax or income tax (including interest and penalties with respect thereto) imposed as a result of such representation and payment of costs and expenses. Without limitation on the foregoing provisions of this Section 9(c), the Company shall control all proceedings taken in connection with such contest and, at its sole option, may FINAL pursue or forgo any and all administrative appeals, proceedings, hearings and conferences with the taxing authority in respect of such claim and may, at its sole option, either direct the Executive to pay the tax claimed and ▇▇▇ for a refund or contest the claim in any permissible manner, and the Executive agrees to prosecute such contest to a determination before any administrative tribunal, in a court of initial jurisdiction and in one or more appellate courts, as the Company shall determine; provided, however, that if the Company directs the Executive to pay such claim and ▇▇▇ for a refund, the Company shall advance the amount of such payment to the Executive, on an interest-free basis and shall indemnify and hold the Executive harmless, on an after-tax basis, from any Excise Tax or income tax (including interest or penalties with respect thereto) imposed with respect to such advance or with respect to any imputed income with respect to such advance; and further provided that any extension of the statute of limitations relating to payment of taxes for the taxable year of the Executive with respect to which such contested amount is claimed to be due is limited solely to such contested amount. Furthermore, the Company's control of the contest shall be limited to issues with respect to which a Gross-Up Payment would be payable hereunder and the Executive shall be entitled to settle or contest, as the case may be, any other issue raised by the Internal Revenue Service or any other taxing authority. To the extent the foregoing would be in violation of the ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇▇ Act of 2002 or any successor law thereto, the Executive shall have no obligation to repay any amount advanced to him under this Section 9(c)(iv). (d) If, after the receipt by the Executive of an amount advanced by the Company pursuant to Section 9(c), the Executive becomes entitled to receive any refund with respect to such claim, the Executive shall (subject to the Company's complying with the requirements of Section 9(c)) promptly pay to the Company the amount of such refund (together with any interest paid or credited thereon after taxes applicable thereto). If, after the receipt by the Executive of an amount advanced by the Company pursuant to Section 9(c), a determination is made that the Executive shall not be entitled to any refund with respect to such claim and the Company does not notify the Executive in writing of its intent to contest such denial of refund prior to the expiration of 30 days after such determination, then such advance shall be forgiven and shall not be required to be repaid and the amount of such advance shall offset, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by thereof, the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Taxamount of Gross-Up Payment required to be paid.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit payment or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company or its affiliated companies (or any one or more trusts established by the Company or its affiliates for the benefit of its affiliated entitiesemployees) or by any entity which effectuates other party in connection with a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether paid or payable or distributed or distributable pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5) (the a "Paymentspayment") would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), then the Company Executive shall pay be entitled to the Executive receive an additional payment (a "Gross-Up Payment") in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any interest or penalties imposed with respect to such taxes) including, without limitation, any income and employment taxes (and any interest and penalties imposed with respect thereto) and Excise Tax) , imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (i) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (ii) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be madePayments. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, (ii) pay made and applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provisiontaxes. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a), all All determinations required to be made under this Section 5, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, required and the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap Payment and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinationsdetermination, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up up Payment under this Section 5 with respect to any Payments shall should be made no later than within thirty (30) days following such of any Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, Tax on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will would not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up up Payments are will be made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B1274(b) (2) (B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company; provided that -------- to the extent such Overpayment had theretofore been paid to the Internal Revenue Service or other applicable taxing authority, Executive's repayment obligation of such amount (with interest) hereunder shall only apply to the extent Executive receives a refund of such amount from the Internal Revenue Service or other applicable taxing authority and Executive's repayment obligation shall be limited to the amount of any such refund. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5) (the "Payments") would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "Gross-Up Payment") in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to those which could be disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to in the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision's adjusted gross income. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 5, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap Payment and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.the

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in If the Executive is to receive any payment or benefit under this Agreement to Agreement, any other agreement between the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (Company and Executive or any acceleration of any payment, award, employee benefit or distribution) plan maintained by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5) (the "Payments") would be which is payment or benefit subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest successor or penalties are incurred by similar provision of the Executive with respect to such excise tax Code (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment cash amount (a the "Gross-Up PaymentUp") in an amount such that after payment the net amount retained by the Executive after the payment of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon Tax on the Payments and the federal income tax and Excise Tax on any amounts paid under this section shall be equal to the Payments. The Gross-Up shall not include the amount of state or federal income tax owed by the Executive on the amount of the Payments, excluding any state or federal income tax on the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of Up. (ib) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (ii) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up PaymentUp, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay the federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes tax at the highest marginal rate of taxation for (currently 39.6%) in the calendar year in which the payment to which the Gross-Up Payment applies is to be made, net . The determination of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of whether such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if is payable and the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment thereof shall be made upon the opinion of tax counsel selected by the Company and reasonably acceptable to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 5, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five (45) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise TaxUp, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As is due as a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required such determination shall be paid to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter in cash in a lump sum payment within [30 days] of such computation. If such opinion is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid not finally accepted by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service, upon audit or otherwise, then appropriate adjustments shall be computed (without interest, but with Gross-Up, if applicable) to or for by such tax counsel based upon the benefit final amount of the CompanyExcise Tax so determined. The Any additional amount due the Executive as a result of such adjustment shall cooperate, be paid to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests Executive by the Company in connection with cash in a lump sum payment within [30 days] of such computation, or any contests or disputes with amount due the Internal Revenue Service Company as a result of such adjustment shall be paid to the Company by the Executive in connection with the Excise Taxcash in a lump sum payment within [30 days] of such computation.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5) (the "“Payments"”) would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "“Code"”), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "“Excise Tax"”), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "“Gross-Up Payment"”) in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's ’s adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes (and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to those which could be disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to in the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision’s adjusted gross income. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 5, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap Payment and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinationsdetermination, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "“Accounting Firm"”) which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "“Determination"”). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's ’s applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("“Underpayment"”) or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("“Overpayment"”), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5) (the "Payments") would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Excise Tax"), then the Company shall pay to the Executive an additional payment (a "Gross-Up Payment") in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any Excise Tax) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment in the Executive's adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (iI) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to those which could be disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to in the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provision's adjusted gross income. (ba) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 5, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap Payment and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinations, shall be made by the public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "Accounting Firm") which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "Determination"). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up Payment under this Section 5 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such Payment. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("Underpayment") or Gross-Up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("Overpayment"), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.

Certain Additional Payments by the Company. (a) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, award, benefit or distribution (or any acceleration of any payment, award, benefit or distribution) by the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) or any entity which effectuates a Change in Control (or any of its affiliated entities) companies to or for the benefit of the Executive (whether paid or payable or distributed or distributable pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 54) (the "Payments"a “Payment”) would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "“Excise Tax"”), then the Company Executive shall pay be entitled to the Executive receive an additional payment (a "“Gross-Up Payment"”) in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of all taxes (including any interest or penalties imposed with respect to such taxes) including, without limitation, any income and employment taxes (and any interest and penalties imposed with respect thereto) and Excise Tax) , imposed upon the Gross-Up PaymentPayment but before deduction for any federal, state or local income tax upon the Payments, Executive retains an amount of (before deductions for any federal, state or local income or employment taxes on the Gross-Up Payment Payments) equal to the sum of (ix) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (iiy) an amount equal to the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-Up up Payment in the Executive's ’s adjusted gross income and the highest applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if it shall be determined that Executive is entitled to a Gross-Up Payment, but that Executive, after taking into account the Payments and the Gross-Up Payment, would not receive net after-tax proceeds of at least $50,000 (taking into account income and employment taxes and any Excise Tax) in excess of the net after-tax proceeds to Executive resulting from an elimination of the Gross-Up Payment and a reduction of the Payments, in the aggregate, to an amount (the “Reduced Amount”) such that the receipt of Payments would not give rise to any Excise Tax, then no Gross-up Payment shall be made to Executive and the aggregate Payments shall be reduced to the Reduced Amount by reducing the cash amount payable to Executive pursuant to Section 3(a) or Section 3(c), whichever is applicable. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to (i) pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, (ii) pay applicable state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation for the calendar year in which the Gross-Up up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes and (iii) have otherwise allowable deductions for federal income tax purposes at least equal to those disallowed because of the increase of the Gross-Up Paymentup Payment in Executive’s adjusted gross income. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive is entitled The Company’s obligation to make a Gross-Up Payment, but that the Payments would up Payment under this Section 4 shall not be subject to the Excise Tax if the Payments were reduced by an amount that is less than 5% conditioned upon Executive’s termination of the portion of the Payments that would be treated as "parachute payments" under Section 280G of the Code, then the amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the maximum amount that could be paid to Executive without giving rise to the Excise Tax (the "Safe Harbor Cap"), and no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive. The reduction of the amounts payable hereunder, if applicable, shall be made by reducing first the payments under Section 4(a)(ii), unless an alternative method of reduction is elected by the Executive. For purposes of reducing the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, only amounts payable under this Agreement (and no other Payments) shall be reduced. If the reduction of the amounts payable hereunder would not result in a reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap, no amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced pursuant to this provisionemployment. (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a4(a), all determinations required to be made under this Section 54, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required, required and the amount of such Gross-Up Payment, the reduction of the Payments to the Safe Harbor Cap Payment and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determinationsdetermination, shall be made by the a public accounting firm that is retained by the Company as of the date immediately prior to the Change in Control (the "“Accounting Firm"”) which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within forty-five fifteen (4515) business days of the receipt of notice from the Company or the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company (collectively, the "“Determination"”). In the event that the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control, the Company and the Executive may agree to appoint another nationally recognized public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company and the Company shall enter into any agreement requested by the Accounting Firm in connection with the performance of the services hereunder. The Gross-Up up Payment under this Section 5 4 with respect to any Payments shall be made no later than thirty (30) days following such PaymentPayments. If the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by the Executive, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect, and to the effect that failure to report the Excise Tax, if any, on the Executive's ’s applicable federal income tax return will not result in the imposition of a negligence or similar penalty. In the event the Accounting Firm determines that the Payments shall be reduced to the Safe Harbor Cap, it shall furnish the Executive with a written opinion to such effect. The Determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the Determination, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments which will not have been made by the Company should have been made ("“Underpayment"”) or Gross-Up up Payments are made by the Company which should not have been made ("“Overpayment"”), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In the event that the Executive thereafter is required to make payment of any Excise Tax or additional Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B1274(b) (2) (B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive, and in no event later than the end of the calendar year following the calendar year in which Executive makes payment of the additional Excise Tax. In the event the amount of the Gross-Up up Payment exceeds the amount necessary to reimburse the Executive for his Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Overpayment that has been made and any such Overpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(21274(b) (2) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Executive (to the extent he has received a refund if the applicable Excise Tax has been paid to the Internal Revenue Service) to or for the benefit of the Company. The Executive shall cooperate, to the extent his expenses are reimbursed by the Company, with any reasonable requests by the Company in connection with any contests or disputes with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with the Excise Tax.