How Are Distributions from a ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ Taxed for Federal Income Tax Purposes Amounts distributed to you are generally excludable from your gross income if they (i) are paid after you attain age 59½, (ii) are made to your beneficiary after your death, (iii) are attributable to your becoming disabled, (iv) subject to various limits, the distribution is used to purchase a first home or, in limited cases, a second or subsequent home for you, your spouse, or you or your spouse’s grandchild or ancestor, or (v) are rolled over to another ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇. Regardless of the foregoing, if you or your beneficiary receives a distribution within the five-taxable-year period starting with the beginning of the year to which your initial contribution to your ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ applies, the earnings on your account are includable in taxable income. In addition, if you roll over (convert) funds to your ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ from another individual retirement plan (such as a Traditional IRA or another ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ into which amounts were rolled from a Traditional IRA), the portion of a distribution attributable to rolled-over amounts which exceeds the amounts taxed in connection with the conversion to a ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ is includable in income (and subject to penalty tax) if it is distributed prior to the end of the five-tax-year period beginning with the start of the tax year during which the rollover occurred. An amount taxed in connection with a rollover is subject to a 10% penalty tax if it is distributed before the end of the five-tax-year period. As noted above, the five-year holding period requirement is measured from the beginning of the five-taxable-year period beginning with the first taxable year for which you (or your spouse) made a contribution to a ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ on your behalf. Previously, the law required that a separate five-year holding period apply to regular ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ contributions and to amounts contributed to a ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ as a result of the rollover or conversion of a Traditional IRA. Even though the holding period requirement has been simplified, it may still be advisable to keep regular ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ contributions and rollover/ conversion ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ contributions in separate accounts. This is because amounts withdrawn from a rollover/conversion ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ within five years of the rollover/conversion may be subject to a 10% penalty tax. As noted above, a distribution from a ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ that complies with all of the distribution and holding period requirements is excludable from your gross income. If you receive a distribution from a ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ that does not comply with these rules, the part of the distribution that constitutes a return of your contributions will not be included in your taxable income, and the portion that represents earnings will be includable in your income. For this purpose, certain ordering rules apply. Amounts distributed to you are treated as coming first from your non-deductible contributions. The next portion of a distribution is treated as coming from amounts which have been rolled over (converted) from any non-▇▇▇▇ IRAs in the order such amounts were rolled over. Any remaining amounts (including all earnings) are distributed last. Any portion of your distribution which does not meet the criteria for exclusion from gross income may also be subject to a 10% penalty tax. Note that to the extent a distribution would be taxable to you, neither you nor anyone else can qualify for capital gains treatment for amounts distributed from your account. Similarly, you are not entitled to the special five- or ten- year averaging rule for lump-sum distributions that may be available to persons receiving distributions from certain other types of retirement plans. Rather, the taxable portion of any distribution is taxed to you as ordinary income. Your ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ is not subject to taxes on excess distributions or on excess amounts remaining in your account as of your date of death. You must indicate on your distribution request whether federal income taxes should be withheld on a distribution from a ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇. If you do not make a withholding election, we will not withhold federal or state income tax. Note that, for federal tax purposes (for example, for purposes of applying the ordering rules described above), ▇▇▇▇ IRAs are considered separately from Traditional IRAs.