Cumulative Impacts of the Alternatives Clause Samples

The "Cumulative Impacts of the Alternatives" clause defines the requirement to assess and consider the combined effects of all proposed project alternatives, rather than evaluating each option in isolation. In practice, this means that when multiple alternatives are presented—such as different construction methods or locations—their collective environmental, social, or economic impacts must be analyzed together to understand the broader consequences. This clause ensures that decision-makers and stakeholders are aware of the total potential impact, preventing the underestimation of risks or negative outcomes that might arise from considering alternatives separately.
Cumulative Impacts of the Alternatives. The present state of groundwater resources within the spatial scope of analysis is essentially a result of the area’s surface soil characteristics, underlying geology, and past and present actions, particularly past surface mining operations. These effects are described in Section 3.7.1. RFFAs within the spatial scope of analysis include ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇▇▇ Mining Company’s permitted mining operations on federal lease tract OKNM 108097 and mining operations on the private coal tract to the north of the LBA tract. Groundwater related effects associated with mining operations on these tracts (totaling approximately 4,680 acres) are expected to be approximately the same as the effects described for the action alternatives. This is because the target coal seam in these tracts is the same as the LBA tract, these mining activities are subject to the same regulatory requirements as mining on the LBA tract, and the mining method on these tracts is the same as that which would be employed to mine the LBA tract. However, mining operations on adjacent tracts have no potential to effect groundwater quality or quantity around Club Lake because these operations would not occur under or in close proximity to Club Lake. Leasing and mining the LBA tract under the Proposed Action or Alternative C would result in an additional 1,270 acres or 940 acres, respectively, of underground mining activity on top of the 4,680 acres of reasonably foreseeable future underground mining activity represented by anticipated mining on the OKNM 108097 federal lease tract and on the private coal tract. Implementation of the Proposed Action or Alternative C would result in a cumulative total contiguous area of underground mining activity of 5,950 acres (under the Proposed Action) or 5,620 acres (under Alternative C), respectively. However, because the hydrogeologic setting in the area is such that aquifers beneath the LBA tract and adjacent land are probably isolated, mining on the LBA tract would not contribute, incrementally, to groundwater related effects associated with mining adjacent tracts.
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Cumulative Impacts of the Alternatives. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ County is primarily rural and agricultural in nature. As described in Section 3.9.1, median property values in ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ County are estimated at $85,000 (Data USA 2018) with currently advertised real estate asking prices ranging widely, from as little as approximately $4,500 to as much as nearly $1.5 million. Property values on the tract, particularly around Club Lake, are unknown. Based on available information, external factors currently influencing the quality of life of residents in ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ County and around Club Lake include clean air and water, natural quiet, lack of congestion on area roads, the presence of open spaces including pastures and forested landscapes and rolling hills, and opportunities for boating, fishing, and hunting. RFFAs that may influence property values and quality of life concerns in the area of analysis include the following:  continuation of activities currently operating within ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ County,  permitted mine operations at federal lease tract OKNM 108097,  development of the private coal tract to the north of the LBA tract, and  mining at ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇▇▇ Mining Company’s Liberty Mine near Stigler, Oklahoma. The continuation of activities currently operating within ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ County is expected to contribute to ongoing property value and quality of life effects as described in Section 3.9.1. Assuming that mining activities occur concurrently rather than consecutively, reasonably foreseeable future mining operations enumerated above are expected to contribute to impacts on property values and quality of life concerns similar to those described in Section 3.9.2. However, there would be no relationship between the effects of mining at the Liberty 8 Mine and Club Lake because the Liberty 8 Mine is not located in proximity to Club Lake. Assuming that mining of the LBA tract under either action alternative (if it is leased) occurs concurrently with the aforementioned reasonably foreseeable future mining operations, the effects of leasing and mining the LBA tract described in Section 3.9.2 would be additive to the effects of RFFAs. This is particularly true for the RFFAs that are contiguous with the LBA tract (permitted mine operations at OKNM 108097 and the private coal tract to the north of the LBA tract).
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Cumulative Impacts of the Alternatives. As described in the affected environment (Section 3.10.1), coal production in Oklahoma began in the first half of the 1870s (Oklahoma Historical Society 2018). Average annual coal production in Oklahoma between 2010 and 2017 was 928,085 tons while total coal production over this timeframe was 7,424,677 tons (ODM 2018). The U.S. exported approximately 55,300,000 tons of metallurgical grade bituminous coal from all U.S. coal mines in 2017 (EIA 2018). The IEA estimates that, in 2016, approximately one billion tons of metallurgical grade bituminous coal were produced worldwide (IEA 2017). Reasonably foreseeable additional bituminous coal production in Oklahoma is anticipated during the life of mining of the LBA tract. This reasonably foreseeable mining activity is associated with the following tracts:  Liberty 8,  ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇▇▇ Mining Company’s permitted mining operations on federal coal lease OKNM 108097 adjacent to the LBA tract,  the private tract to the north of the LBA tract, and  four of the five operational coal mines as of 2016 (One of the operational mines in 2016 is at Liberty. Liberty 8 represents the continuation of this mining activity). Assuming that average annual production of 928,085 tons for the years 2010-2017 continues into the foreseeable future and that annual production at Liberty 8, mining operations associated with OKNM 108097, and mining operations on the private tract to the north of the LBA tract are comparable to anticipated annual average coal production on the LBA tract (200,000-400,000 tons), it is estimated that annual coal production as a result of reasonably foreseeable additional bituminous coal production in Oklahoma would be approximately 1,528,085 to 2,128,085 tons. This production level equates to a 65%- 129% increase over the average annual coal production for the years 2010-2017. Leasing and mining the LBA tract under the Proposed Action is estimated to contribute 200,000-400,000 tons annually for 8-16 years. This annual production level represents a 13%-26% incremental increase over current average annual (2010-2017) and reasonably foreseeable annual bituminous coal production forecasts for Oklahoma. Annual bituminous coal production in Oklahoma, including current bituminous coal production operations, reasonably foreseeable bituminous coal production operations, and the LBA tract production is forecast to be between approximately 1,728,085 and 2,528,085 tons. The cumulative effects of Alternative C would be the ...
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Cumulative Impacts of the Alternatives. Current sources of PM10 emissions in the State of Oklahoma and ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ and LeFlore Counties are reported in Section 3.4.1. The most substantial sources of PM10 emissions in the State of Oklahoma and in ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ and LeFlore Counties are agriculture (crops and livestock dust) and dust from unpaved roads. These emissions make up more than half of all PM10 emissions reported in this analysis for these areas. RFFAs include the continuation of existing sources of PM10 emissions in addition to the following actions:  permitted mine operations at federal lease tract OKNM 108097,  development of the private coal tract to the north of the LBA tract,  mining at ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇▇▇ Mining Company’s Liberty Mine near Stigler, Oklahoma, and  mining at GCI’s Pollyanna mine near Spiro, Oklahoma. Production rates and specific mining methods for these actions, as well as when they would be mined, are not completely known at this time. However, assuming that they would be mined concurrently with the LBA tract they could contribute to PM10 emissions within the spatial scope of analysis. Also, assuming that mining methods would be similar to those anticipated for mining the LBA tract these RFFAs would contribute to PM10 emissions within the spatial scope of analysis in a similar fashion to that which is reported in Section 3.4.2.2. Leasing and mining the LBA tract under the Proposed Action or Alternative C would incrementally contribute to PM10 emissions within the spatial scope of analysis on top of emissions from ongoing and reasonably foreseeable future actions. Based on the analysis in Section 3.4.2.2 this incremental contribution to PM10 emissions is expected to be less than 1%. There are currently no non-attainment areas in the State of Oklahoma for criteria air pollutants, including PM10. When added to ongoing and reasonably foreseeable future actions, leasing and mining the LBA tract would not increase PM10 emissions beyond the attainment threshold.
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Cumulative Impacts of the Alternatives. As described in Section 3.3.1, past and ongoing GHG emissions and resultant climate changes are a result of numerous activities, including fossil fuel development, large wildfires, activities using combustion engines, and changes to the natural carbon cycle. Global GHG emissions are estimated at 48,257 million metric tons of CO2e whereas U.S. and State of Oklahoma emissions are estimated at 6,511 and 60 million metric tons of CO2e, respectively. RFFAs consist largely of the continuation of past and ongoing activities contributing to GHG emissions and climate changes. Emissions from these activities are likely to continue into the future at similar rates to current estimates, though emissions on a global scale may decrease to some degree over time as a result of implementation of international agreements intended to result in a decrease in global GHG emissions. Implementation of the Proposed Action or Alternative C would contribute, incrementally, to GHG emissions from ongoing and reasonably foreseeable future actions roughly in proportion to the estimates provided in Table 3-3. If international agreements are successful in reducing global GHG emissions implementation of the Proposed Action or Alternative C would make up a slightly larger percentage of global GHG emissions. However, this contribution to global GHG emissions would still be a fraction of a percent, which does not translate into effects on climate change globally. The total cumulative effect on GHG emissions and climate change would be similar to that described in Section 3.3.2.2.
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Cumulative Impacts of the Alternatives. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ and LeFlore counties are primarily rural and agricultural in nature. As described in Section 3.8.1, major employment sectors in both counties include agriculture, health care, and education. In ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ County government services is also a major employment sector. Likewise, in ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ County, forestry (including mining), construction, and light manufacturing are also major employment sectors. Average per capita and median household incomes in both counties are well below values for the state of Oklahoma as a whole (Table 3-8). RFFAs expected to contribute to economic effects in ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ and LeFlore counties include the following:  continuation of economic activities currently operating within the economy of each county,  permitted mine operations at federal lease tract OKNM 108097,  development of the private coal tract to the north of the LBA tract,  mining at ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇▇▇ Mining Company’s Liberty Mine near Stigler, Oklahoma, and  mining at GCI’s Pollyanna mine near Spiro, Oklahoma.
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Related to Cumulative Impacts of the Alternatives

  • RIGHT OF ALLOTTEE TO USE COMMON AREAS AND FACILITIES SUBJECT TO PAYMENT OF TOTAL MAINTENANCE CHARGES The Allottee hereby agrees to purchase the [Apartment/Plot] on the specific understanding that is/her right to the use of Common Areas shall be subject to timely payment of total maintenance charges, as determined and thereafter billed by the maintenance agency appointed or the association of allottees (or the maintenance agency appointed by it) and performance by the Allottee of all his/her obligations in respect of the terms and conditions specified by the maintenance agency or the association of allottees from time to time.

  • Loss Mitigation and Consideration of Alternatives (i) For each Single Family Shared-Loss Loan in default or for which a default is reasonably foreseeable, the Assuming Institution shall undertake reasonable and customary loss mitigation efforts, in accordance with any of the following programs selected by Assuming Institution in its sole discretion, Exhibit 5 (FDIC Mortgage Loan Modification Program), the United States Treasury's Home Affordable Modification Program Guidelines or any other modification program approved by the United States Treasury Department, the Corporation, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or any other governmental agency (it being understood that the Assuming Institution can select different programs for the various Single Family Shared-Loss Loans) (such program chosen, the “Modification Guidelines”). After selecting the applicable Modification Guideline for each such Single Family Shared-Loss Loan, the Assuming Institution shall document its consideration of foreclosure, loan restructuring under the applicable Modification Guideline chosen, and short-sale (if short-sale is a viable option) alternatives and shall select the alternative the Assuming Institution believes, based on its estimated calculations, will result in the least Loss. If unemployment or underemployment is the primary cause for default or for which a default is reasonably foreseeable, the Assuming Institution may consider the borrower for a temporary forbearance plan which reduces the loan payment to an affordable level for at least six (6) months. (ii) Losses on Home Equity Loans shall be shared under the charge-off policies of the Assuming Institution’s Examination Criteria as if they were Single Family Shared-Loss Loans. (iii) Losses on Investor-Owned Residential Loans shall be treated as Restructured Loans, and with the consent of the Receiver can be restructured under terms separate from the Exhibit 5 standards. Please refer to Exhibits 2(a)(1)-(2) for guidance in Calculation of Loss for Restructured Loans. Losses on Investor-Owned Residential Loans will be treated as if they were Single Family Shared-Loss Loans. (iv) The Assuming Institution shall retain its loss calculations for the Shared Loss Loans and such calculations shall be provided to the Receiver upon request. For the avoidance of doubt and notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, (x) the Assuming Institution is not required to modify or restructure any Shared-Loss Loan on more than one occasion and (y) the Assuming Institution is not required to consider any alternatives with respect to any Shared-Loss Loan in the process of foreclosure as of the Bank Closing if the Assuming Institution can document that a loan modification is not cost effective and shall be entitled to continue such foreclosure measures and recover the Foreclosure Loss as provided herein, and (z) the Assuming Institution shall have a transition period of up to 90 days after Bank Closing to implement the Modification Guidelines, during which time, the Assuming Institution may submit claims under such guidelines as may be in place at the Failed Bank.

  • Method of Selecting Types and Interest Periods for New Advances The Borrower shall select the Type of Advance and, in the case of each Eurodollar Advance, the Interest Period applicable thereto from time to time. The Borrower shall give the Administrative Agent irrevocable notice (a "Borrowing Notice") not later than 11:00 a.m. (Chicago time) on the Borrowing Date of each Floating Rate Advance and not later than 11:00 a.m. (Chicago time) three Business Days before the Borrowing Date for each Eurodollar Advance, specifying: (i) the Borrowing Date, which shall be a Business Day, of such Advance, (ii) the aggregate amount of such Advance, (iii) the Type of Advance selected, and (iv) in the case of each Eurodollar Advance, the Interest Period applicable thereto. Not later than noon (Chicago time) on each Borrowing Date, each Lender shall make available its Loan or Loans in funds immediately available in Chicago to the Administrative Agent at its address specified pursuant to Article XIII. The Administrative Agent will make the funds so received from the Lenders available to the Borrower at the Administrative Agent's aforesaid address.

  • Severability; Maximum Payment Amounts If any provision of this Agreement is prohibited by law or otherwise determined to be invalid or unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction, the provision that would otherwise be prohibited, invalid or unenforceable shall be deemed amended to apply to the broadest extent that it would be valid and enforceable, and the invalidity or unenforceability of such provision shall not affect the validity of the remaining provisions of this Agreement so long as this Agreement as so modified continues to express, without material change, the original intentions of the parties as to the subject matter hereof and the prohibited nature, invalidity or unenforceability of the provision(s) in question does not substantially impair the respective expectations or reciprocal obligations of the parties or the practical realization of the benefits that would otherwise be conferred upon the parties. The parties will endeavor in good faith negotiations to replace the prohibited, invalid or unenforceable provision(s) with a valid provision(s), the effect of which comes as close as possible to that of the prohibited, invalid or unenforceable provision(s). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement or any other Transaction Document (and without implication that the following is required or applicable), it is the intention of the parties that in no event shall amounts and value paid by the Company and/or any of its Subsidiaries (as the case may be), or payable to or received by any of the Buyers, under the Transaction Documents (including without limitation, any amounts that would be characterized as “interest” under applicable law) exceed amounts permitted under any applicable law. Accordingly, if any obligation to pay, payment made to any Buyer, or collection by any Buyer pursuant the Transaction Documents is finally judicially determined to be contrary to any such applicable law, such obligation to pay, payment or collection shall be deemed to have been made by mutual mistake of such Buyer, the Company and its Subsidiaries and such amount shall be deemed to have been adjusted with retroactive effect to the maximum amount or rate of interest, as the case may be, as would not be so prohibited by the applicable law. Such adjustment shall be effected, to the extent necessary, by reducing or refunding, at the option of such Buyer, the amount of interest or any other amounts which would constitute unlawful amounts required to be paid or actually paid to such Buyer under the Transaction Documents. For greater certainty, to the extent that any interest, charges, fees, expenses or other amounts required to be paid to or received by such Buyer under any of the Transaction Documents or related thereto are held to be within the meaning of “interest” or another applicable term to otherwise be violative of applicable law, such amounts shall be pro-rated over the period of time to which they relate.

  • Additional Exclusions The Insurer shall not be liable for: (i) expenses for “clean-up” away from or beyond the “premises” resulting from any spill, discharge, emission, dispersal, seepage, leakage, migration, release or escape of “pollutants” even if the “pollutants” emanated from the “premises”; (ii) expenses for “clean-up” of any spill discharge, emission, dispersal, seepage, leakage, migration or escape of “pollutants” that began before the effective date of this Policy; (iii) fines, penalties, punitive or exemplary damages; (iv) expenses incurred for the “clean-up” of “pollutants” at or from any “premises”, site or location which is or was at any time used by or for any Insured or others for the handling, storage, disposal, processing or treatment of waste.