Common use of Data and Methods Clause in Contracts

Data and Methods. To better understand couple dynamics, the DHS men’s questionnaire asks husbands about their reproductive preferences and attitudes toward family planning. For husbands in a polygynous marriage, the questions are asked for each of their wives/partners. This analysis uses DHS matched couples’ data from 14 sub-Saharan countries: Benin, Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Mali from Western Africa; Chad from central Africa; and Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe from eastern and southern Africa. All surveys in this analysis were conducted between 1999 and 2004. The data for women are based on women age 15-49, while the data for men are based on men age 15-59 (with the exception of Kenya, Malawi, Uganda, and Zimbabwe, where the interviewed men are age 15- 54; and Benin, where the interviewed men are age 15-64). The men’s questionnaire is similar in structure to the women’s questionnaire but shorter. To the extent possible, the questions and response categories in the two questionnaires are worded identically to be comparable across countries. The section on fertility preferences includes a question on fertility intentions and ideal number of children. For fertility intentions, women and men were asked, “Would you like to have (a/another) child or would you prefer not to have any (more) children?” For ideal number of children (ideal family size), women and men were asked one of two questions, depending on whether or not they had children. Those who did not have children were asked, “If you could choose exactly the number of children to have in your lifetime, how many would that be?” Respondents who had at least one living child were asked, “If you could go back to the time you did not have children and could choose exactly the number of children to have in your lifetime, how many would that be?” In this study, a woman is defined as infecund if she had no births and no pregnancies in the past five years but has had a birth or pregnancy at some time, and has been married for the past five years but did not use contraception during that period.