Common use of Goals and Objectives of the Agreement Agreement Goals Clause in Contracts

Goals and Objectives of the Agreement Agreement Goals. The goals of this Agreement are to: • Develop an integrated hardware and software design solution for a solar plus storage residential use product offering that is Title 24 JA12 compliant; • Demonstrate the solar plus storage system at a minimum of fifteen residential grid- connected sites in Investor Owned Utility service territory, in a minimum of three different climate zones; including at least one in a coastal, central valley, and northern California climate zone as defined by the CEC’s California Building Climate Zone Areas map2; demonstrations shall also include sites Area that has been designated as having a high fire threat as defined by the CPUC at ▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇.▇▇.▇▇▇/FireThreatMaps/; and • Evaluate the systems’ performance and cost effectiveness over a minimum one-year pilot demonstration to validate competitive advantage of the system in terms of customer savings, grid harmonization potential, and greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions. 2 See ▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇.▇▇▇/maps/renewable/building_climate_zones.html. Ratepayer Benefits:3 This Agreement will result in the ratepayer benefits of greater electricity reliability, lower and predictable costs, increased safety and resilience during future public safety power shutoffs (PSPS). Driven by time of use tariffs, the batteries will shift solar photovoltaic generation from the late morning and early afternoon to the evening peak. The hardware and software innovations to be developed in this project, in conjunction with smart financing, will create a product offering with the capability to reduce customer electricity bills and harmonize utility interconnection. Technological Advancement and Breakthroughs:4 This Agreement will lead to technological advancement and breakthroughs to overcome barriers to the achievement of the State of California’s statutory energy goals by applying a distributed software approach to a proven and scalable solar plus storage platform. The combination of these two technologies will be developed into a standardized modular system and demonstrated at a minimum of 15 residential sites to validate full Title 24 JA12 compatibility.

Goals and Objectives of the Agreement Agreement Goals. The goals of this Agreement are toto develop and demonstrate the following technical capabilities: • Develop an integrated hardware and software Flow battery 12-hour discharge at 400 kW of electric load • Flow-battery grid-forming functionality • Flywheel 12-hour discharge at 400 kW of electric load • Flywheel design solution for a configuration to share existing ground-mounted solar plus site if determined to be feasible by the engineering design • Multi-storage residential use product offering that is Title 24 JA12 compliant; • Demonstrate MGC applications Ratepayer Benefits:2 This Agreement will result in the solar plus storage system at a minimum ratepayer benefits of fifteen residential grid- connected sites in Investor Owned Utility service territorygreater electricity reliability, in a minimum of three different climate zones; including at least one in a coastal, central valleylower costs, and northern increased safety. The project will improve reliability of electric service by protecting critical customer loads from public safety power shutoffs and other long-duration outage events. It will provide onsite distributed renewable energy resources and energy storage 2 California climate zone as defined Public Resources Code, Section 25711.5(a) requires projects funded by the CEC’s Electric Program Investment Charge (EPIC) to result in ratepayer benefits. The California Building Climate Zone Areas map2; demonstrations shall also include sites Area that has been designated Public Utilities Commission, which established the EPIC in 2011, defines ratepayer benefits as having a high fire threat as defined by the greater reliability, lower costs, and increased safety (See CPUC “Phase 2” Decision ▇▇-▇▇-▇▇▇ at ▇page 19, May 24, 2012, ▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇.▇▇.▇▇▇/FireThreatMaps/; /PublishedDocs/WORD_PDF/FINAL_DECISION/167664.PDF). capacity for load shifting to reduce customer electricity costs by $625,366 in Year 1 and • Evaluate $26 million over the systems’ performance and cost effectiveness over a minimum oneproject’s 25-year pilot demonstration to validate competitive advantage of lifetime. It will reduce the system in terms of customer savings, grid harmonization potential, and greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions. 2 See ▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇.▇▇▇/maps/renewable/building_climate_zones.html▇ community’s greenhouse gas footprint by 1,004,898 kg of greenhouse gases in Year 1. Ratepayer Benefits:3 This Agreement The project will result in increase safety for customers by providing resilient energy supplies to protect electric loads from long-duration outages to assure continued service of key public safety assets, including emergency public sheltering and wastewater treatment. It also will reduce local criteria pollutants attributable to diesel combustion. More broadly, the ratepayer benefits project’s technology advancements will support commercialization of greater electricity non-Li systems to provide similar reliability, lower economic, and predictable costssafety benefits for customers of future projects, increased safety including providing safer alternatives to Li battery systems that are susceptible to fires and resilience during future public safety power shutoffs (PSPS). Driven by time of use tariffs, the batteries will shift solar photovoltaic generation from the late morning and early afternoon to the evening peak. The hardware and software innovations to be developed in this project, in conjunction with smart financing, will create a product offering with the capability to reduce customer electricity bills and harmonize utility interconnectionthermal runaway. Technological Advancement and Breakthroughs:4 Breakthroughs:3 This Agreement will lead to technological advancement and breakthroughs by supporting technology developments to overcome barriers to the achievement expand scale and improve performance, functionality, and flexibility of the State of California’s statutory energy goals by applying flow battery and flywheel technologies. Demonstration in a distributed software approach solar microgrid will provide operating history to a proven reduce perceived technology risk and scalable solar plus storage platform. The combination of these two technologies will be developed into a standardized modular system and demonstrated at a minimum of 15 residential sites improve access to validate full Title 24 JA12 compatibilitycost-effective financing for future deployments.

Goals and Objectives of the Agreement Agreement Goals. The goals goal of this Agreement are is to: • Develop an integrated hardware AI system capable of automatically performing site-specific techno-economic analyses and software design solution for a solar plus storage residential use product offering front-end engineering on hundreds of potential industrial decarbonization measures with minimal user input • Validate that is Title 24 JA12 compliant; the AI can learn from expert users by teaching it how to analyze two real industrial facilities • Demonstrate Validate the solar plus storage system at a minimum of fifteen residential grid- connected sites in Investor Owned Utility service territoryspeed, in a minimum of three different climate zones; including at least one in a coastal, central valleyaccuracy, and northern California climate zone as defined by the CEC’s California Building Climate Zone Areas map2; demonstrations shall also include sites Area that has been designated as having a high fire threat as defined by the CPUC at ▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇.▇▇.▇▇▇/FireThreatMaps/; and • Evaluate the systems’ performance and cost effectiveness over a minimum oneuser-year pilot demonstration to validate competitive advantage friendliness of the system AI through early pilot testing with untrained non-expert users and real data from the two industrial facilities. An untrained non-expert user should be able to produce a customer-worth report in terms of customer savings, grid harmonization potential, and greenhouse gas (GHG) reductionsless than four hours with limited data in-hand. 2 See ▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇.▇▇▇/maps/renewable/building_climate_zones.html• Validate that the AI can learn from prior projects by testing this capability with simulated data. Ratepayer Benefits:3 Benefits:2 This Agreement will result in the ratepayer benefits of greater electricity reliability, lower and predictable costs, and increased safety safety. Reliability will be achieved by facilitating the addition 2 California Public Resources Code, Section 25711.5(a) requires projects funded by the Electric Program Investment Charge (EPIC) to result in ratepayer benefits. The California Public Utilities Commission, which established the EPIC in 2011, defines ratepayer benefits as greater reliability, lower costs, and resilience during future public safety power shutoffs (PSPS). Driven by time of use tariffs, the batteries will shift solar photovoltaic generation from the late morning and early afternoon base load to the evening peakgrid (via industrial electrification), support for industrial-scale load shifting and demand response, and facilitating distributed generation. The hardware Cost savings will be achieved via energy efficiency and software innovations fuel-switching projects. Increased safety will be achieved via improved air quality for communities adjacent to be developed in this project, in conjunction with smart financing, will create a product offering with the capability to reduce customer electricity bills and harmonize utility interconnectionindustrial facilities. Technological Advancement and Breakthroughs:4 Breakthroughs:3 This Agreement will lead to technological advancement and breakthroughs to overcome barriers to the achievement of the State of California’s statutory energy goals by applying a distributed software approach to a proven and scalable solar plus storage platformdeveloping an AI system for front-end engineering of industrial decarbonization projects. The combination cost, time and effort required for front-end engineering is currently a major barrier to achieving statutory GHG reductions specified in AB32. The AI will overcome this barrier by reducing the cost of front-end engineering by a factor of 10x (from $50,000 to $5,000) and accelerating the timeline by a factor of 4x (from 4 months to 1 month). The AI will achieve these two technologies will be developed into results through a standardized modular system novel application of KRR and demonstrated at a minimum of 15 residential sites ML, allowing the AI to validate full Title 24 JA12 compatibilitylearn from present and past industrial decarbonization projects and automatically apply that knowledge to future projects.

Goals and Objectives of the Agreement Agreement Goals. The goals of this Agreement are to: • Develop ● Advance a promising and innovative clean energy storage solution that will provide an integrated hardware efficient, resilient, and software design solution reliable source of power to maintain critical infrastructure. ● Reduce the need for and cost of grid extensions through self-sustaining local renewable power generation and storage solutions. ● Improve public safety and societal benefits by maintaining power and vital communication during planned power outages, emergencies, and natural disasters. ● Build upon the Recipient’s successful CEC-funded Modular Battery Platform Project to develop a solar plus storage residential use product offering that is Title 24 JA12 compliant; • Demonstrate the solar plus 72-hour clean energy storage system at a minimum of fifteen residential grid- connected sites in Investor Owned Utility service territoryto serve critical infrastructure facilities. ● Provide greater reliability, in a minimum of three different climate zones; including at least one in a coastal, central valleylower costs, and northern California climate zone as defined increased safety for IOU ratepayers. ● Enable technological advancement to overcome barriers to achieve the state’s statutory energy goals, including in AB 32, SB X1-2, AB 2514, SB 350 and Executive Order B-30-15. ● Significantly reduce GHG and other harmful emissions by the CEC’s California Building Climate Zone Areas map2; demonstrations shall also include sites Area that has been designated as having a high fire threat as defined replacing fossil fuel powered generators used by the CPUC at ▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇.▇▇.▇▇▇/FireThreatMaps/; and • Evaluate the systems’ performance and cost effectiveness over a minimum one-year pilot demonstration to validate competitive advantage of the system in terms of customer savings, grid harmonization potential, and greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions. 2 See ▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇.▇▇▇/maps/renewable/building_climate_zones.htmlcritical infrastructure. Ratepayer Benefits:3 This Agreement will result in the ratepayer benefits of greater electricity reliability, lower and predictable costs, and increased safety by providing a safe, reliable long-duration clean energy 3 California Public Resources Code, Section 25711.5(a) requires projects funded by the Electric Program Investment Charge (EPIC) to result in ratepayer benefits. The California Public Utilities Commission, storage solution for critical infrastructure facilities. The 72-hour backup energy system, EnduroPlus, will significantly improve infrastructure resiliency and resilience reliability for IOU ratepayers during future PSPS events and unplanned power outages. The backup energy system will enable demand response functionality for PSPS and unplanned power outages. The network of stationary storage can isolate itself from the grid when grid operators request a reduction in power demand or an unplanned power outage, which will maintain electrical power for communication systems, water treatment plants, community health centers, and many other critical infrastructure facilities. IOU ratepayers will realize cost savings through utility company costs savings that will result from EnduroPlus providing demand response capacity to the grid as well as providing backup power. This capacity would improve grid resiliency and stability, lowering the cost of operating the grid for ratepayers. In addition, the modular system offers distributed power supply, which will remove the cost of extending transmissions lines to utilities and the growing risks and associated costs of maintaining distribution lines in fire-prone and other sensitive areas. The clean energy EnduroPlus will improve public safety power shutoffs (PSPS). Driven for ratepayers by time replacing fossil-fuel backup generators that produce high levels of use tariffsPM, the batteries will shift solar photovoltaic generation from the late morning VOC, CO2, SOx, NOx, and early afternoon to the evening peakother particulate matter, which negatively impact air quality. The hardware Project’s reliable clean energy backup also will protect ratepayers by keeping critical infrastructure systems operational during electrical equipment/infrastructure failures, brownouts, wildfires, earthquakes, severe storms and software innovations to be developed in this projectlandslides. These include cellular towers, in conjunction with smart financingtelecommunication base stations, will create a product offering with radio signal towers, public utility microgrid systems, healthcare community centers and water-treatment plants – the capability to reduce customer electricity bills and harmonize utility interconnectionRecipient’s initial target markets. Technological Advancement and Breakthroughs:4 This Agreement will lead to technological technology advancement and breakthroughs to overcome barriers to the achievement of the State of California’s statutory energy goals by applying a distributed software approach accelerating the production of an emerging best-of-class hybrid energy storage + clean fuel cell technology that will eliminate the use of gas- and diesel-powered generators at critical infrastructure facilities throughout California and beyond. This is particularly important as more critical infrastructure facilities in California deploy backup energy systems to a proven mitigate the impacts from planned and scalable solar plus unplanned power outages. In addition, the CPUC is requiring all cell towers to have 72-hour backup energy storage platformby July which established the EPIC in 2011, defines ratepayer benefits as greater reliability, lower costs, and increased safety (See CPUC “Phase 2” Decision ▇▇-▇▇-▇▇▇ at page 19, May 24, 2012, ▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇.▇▇.▇▇▇/PublishedDocs/WORD_PDF/FINAL_DECISION/167664.PDF). 4 California Public Resources Code, Section 25711.5(a) requires projects funded by the Electric Program Investment Charge (EPIC) to result in ratepayer benefits. The combination California Public Utilities Commission, which established the EPIC in 2011, defines ratepayer benefits as greater reliability, lower costs, and increased safety (See CPUC “Phase 2” Decision ▇▇-▇▇-▇▇▇ at page 19, May 24, 2012, ▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇.▇▇.▇▇▇/PublishedDocs/WORD_PDF/FINAL_DECISION/167664.PDF). 2021, which will likely lead to increased deployment of these two technologies gas- and diesel-powered generators, which will be developed into increase GHG emissions and harmful pollutants and exacerbate wildfire risks — all counter to the achievement of the state’s energy goals. Therefore, there is an immediate need to develop an alternative long-duration energy storage solution that improves safety, reduces infrastructure operational expenses, and eliminates criteria and other harmful pollutants by directly replacing the use of internal combustion generators. Building on the successful Enduro System architecture, the EnduroPlus will provide remote bi-directional power management that will actively communicate with the grid allowing for demand management control outside of PSPS events. EnduroPlus’ scalable and modular design will serve as a standardized modular system broad solution in the critical infrastructure sector that currently relies on diesel backup generators, including utilities, municipalities, first responders and demonstrated at a minimum of 15 residential sites security services, water systems, transportation systems, agriculture and many other energy-intensive applications, thus helping to validate full Title 24 JA12 compatibilityachieve the State’s statutory energy goals. In addition to the applications and benefits mentioned above, the EnduroPlus will have analytical remote monitoring capabilities for increased connectivity during critical operation events.

Goals and Objectives of the Agreement Agreement Goals. The goals of this Agreement are to: • Develop an integrated hardware Advance the development of a zinc-ion battery storage solution focused on safe customer-side of the meter deployment. • Validate a cost-effective and software design high performing energy storage solution to support higher levels of renewables and a carbon-free future by 2045. • Scale the Recipient’s zinc-ion battery storage solution from laboratory demonstration to prototype testing in a customer side of the meter application. • Provide greater reliability, lower costs, and increase safety for a solar plus storage residential use product offering that is Title 24 JA12 compliant; investor owned utility (IOU) ratepayers. • Enable technological advancement to overcome barriers to achieve California’s statutory energy goals, including SB 350 and SB 100. • Demonstrate the solar plus storage system at a minimum of fifteen residential grid- connected sites in Investor Owned Utility service territoryimproved energy density, in a minimum of three different climate zones; including at least one in a coastalincreased cycle performance, central valleyimproved reliability and safety, better lifecycle performance, and northern lower costs as compared to currently fielded systems. • Replace fossil fuel powered backup generators in response to public safety power shutoffs and other emergency power shutoffs due to infrastructure failures, natural disasters, and severe weather events. Ratepayer Benefits:2 This Agreement should result in ratepayer benefits, including greater electricity reliability, lower costs, and increased safety. The zinc-ion battery systems should provide the necessary infrastructure reliability and resiliency, as well as safety, for IOU ratepayers during periods of planned and unplanned power shut offs. In addition, the project should help reduce energy costs and address peak load reduction and shifting through robust energy storage charge and discharge, storing energy during non-peak hours to be used during expensive peak hours. The zinc-ion battery also should provide a safer 2 California climate zone as defined Public Resources Code, Section 25711.5(a) requires projects funded by the CEC’s Electric Program Investment Charge (EPIC) to result in ratepayer benefits. The California Building Climate Zone Areas map2; demonstrations shall also include sites Area that has been designated Public Utilities Commission, which established the EPIC in 2011, defines ratepayer benefits as having a high fire threat as defined by the greater reliability, lower costs, and increased safety (See CPUC “Phase 2” Decision ▇▇-▇▇-▇▇▇ at ▇page 19, May 24, 2012, ▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇.▇▇.▇▇▇/FireThreatMaps/; and • Evaluate the systems’ performance and cost effectiveness over a minimum one-year pilot demonstration to validate competitive advantage of the system in terms of customer savings, grid harmonization potential, and greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions. 2 See ▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇.▇▇▇/maps/PublishedDocs/renewableWORD_PDF/building_climate_zones.html. Ratepayer Benefits:3 This Agreement will result in the ratepayer benefits of greater electricity reliability, lower and predictable costs, increased safety and resilience during future public safety power shutoffs (PSPSFINAL_DECISION/167664.PDF). Driven by time of use tariffsresidential energy storage solution with greater longevity than lithium-ion energy storage. According to the Recipient, the batteries will shift solar photovoltaic generation from the late morning and early afternoon to the evening peak. The hardware and software innovations to be developed baseline electrolyte for Recipient’s zinc-ion battery is zinc sulfate dissolved in this projectwater, in conjunction with smart financingshould provide benefits over lithium-ion technology, will create a product offering with the capability to reduce customer electricity bills and harmonize utility interconnection. Technological Advancement and Breakthroughs:4 This Agreement will lead to technological advancement and breakthroughs to overcome barriers to the achievement of the State of California’s statutory energy goals by applying a distributed software approach to a proven and scalable solar plus storage platform. The combination of these two technologies will be developed into a standardized modular system and demonstrated at a minimum of 15 including non- flammability, an important safety factor for residential sites to validate full Title 24 JA12 compatibilitybattery storage.

Goals and Objectives of the Agreement Agreement Goals. Improve the flow battery design for manufacturing in order to improve reliability and manufacturability at higher production rates and lower costs. • Establish manufacturing partners and supply chains. • Build and demonstrate Low-Rate Initial Production (LRIP) manufacturing process • Produce up to 80 flow batteries at LRIP Ratepayer Benefits:2 This Agreement is intended to result in the ratepayer benefits of greater electricity reliability, lower costs and increased safety by making a 100% renewable energy generation a reality with low cost, long life, long duration energy storage systems. The goals of Recipient asserts that Recipient’s flow battery is the first no membrane, single flow loop, flow battery providing high voltage using low cost chemistry. According to the Recipient, this Agreement are to: • Develop an integrated hardware and software design solution for second- generation product improves upon the first-generation system by offering a solar plus storage residential use product offering that is Title 24 JA12 compliant; • Demonstrate higher power 2 California Public Resources Code, Section 25711.5(a) requires projects funded by the solar plus storage system at a minimum of fifteen residential grid- connected sites Electric Program Investment Charge (EPIC) to result in Investor Owned Utility service territoryratepayer benefits. The California Public Utilities Commission, which established the EPIC in a minimum of three different climate zones; including at least one in a coastal2011, central valleydefines ratepayer benefits as greater reliability, lower costs, and northern California climate zone as defined by the CEC’s California Building Climate Zone Areas map2; demonstrations shall also include sites Area that has been designated as having a high fire threat as defined by the increased safety (See CPUC “Phase 2” Decision ▇▇-▇▇-▇▇▇ at ▇page 19, May 24, 2012, ▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇.▇▇.▇▇▇/FireThreatMaps/; /PublishedDocs/WORD_PDF/FINAL_DECISION/167664.PDF). capacity (25 kW) and • Evaluate 5-hour duration at a lower cost per unit of energy stored than any other storage technology on the systems’ performance and cost effectiveness over market. The Recipient states that the flow battery has a minimum onelab-tested 20-year pilot demonstration lifespan (30,000 cycles) without performance degradation. According to validate competitive advantage the Recipient, these features lead to a more reliable and less expensive energy storage product for utilities and commercial or industrial customers, enabling the smart grid and enhancing the capabilities of renewable energy generation assets. The Recipient asserts that while lithium ion (Li Ion) batteries that currently dominate the system in terms of customer savings, grid harmonization potential, and greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions. 2 See ▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇.▇▇▇/maps/renewable/building_climate_zones.html. Ratepayer Benefits:3 This Agreement will result in the ratepayer benefits of greater electricity reliability, lower and predictable costs, increased safety and resilience during future public safety power shutoffs (PSPS). Driven by time of use tariffsmarket pose fire hazards, the batteries will shift solar photovoltaic generation from the late morning and early afternoon to the evening peak. The hardware and software innovations to be developed in this projectRecipient’s flow battery uses a non-flammable electrolyte, in conjunction with smart financing, will create a product offering with the capability to reduce customer electricity bills and harmonize utility interconnectionwhich significantly increases safety of energy storage. Technological Advancement and Breakthroughs:4 Breakthroughs:3 This Agreement will is intended to lead to technological advancement and breakthroughs to overcome barriers to the achievement of the State of California’s statutory energy goals by applying scaling up production of the Recipient’s flow battery with rated power of 25kW and discharge energy of 125 kWh. Primus’ technology offers a distributed software approach battery with no membrane, single flow loop and high voltage with low cost chemistry. The Recipient’s flow battery differs from traditional flow batteries in that it does not require an ion exchange membrane, and it uses a single electrolyte flow loop. According to the Recipient, these differences provide significant competitive advantages because they require fewer parts and have longer system cycle life, higher power density, higher reliability and reduced safety risks. The Recipient’s flow battery units may be interconnected with each other to form larger energy storage systems. California’s mandate to achieve 50% of total electricity production from renewable sources by 2030 will require significant innovation and investment in energy storage to provide reliable, continuous electricity. Current energy storage solutions that are not able to meet this challenge. According to the Recipient, while lithium ion (Li Ion) batteries currently dominate the market, they are best suited for small scale, short duration (e.g., less than 2 hours) and shallow discharge applications. The Recipient states that lithium ion batteries have limited life expectancy of between 3 and 6 years (2,000 to 5,000 cycles; fading 2 to 8% per year), pose fire hazards, require round-the-clock HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) in cold or hot climates, can only achieve one deep cycle per day and are expensive and difficult to recycle after their useful life because of their hazardous components. • Develop the Recipient’s prototype flow battery design for manufacturing to a proven pilot production version followed by an LRIP production version. • Develop the Recipient’s initial production line to a pilot production line followed by an LRIP production line. • Certify that the Recipient’s design meets Underwriters Laboratories (UL) certification and scalable solar plus storage platformtest if the flow battery performs throughout the proper lifespan. The combination • Demonstrate Low Rate Initial Production (LRIP) of these two technologies will be developed into a standardized modular system the Recipient’s flow battery. • Finalize design of the flow battery and demonstrated at a minimum manufacturing process. 3 California Public Resources Code, Section 25711.5(a) also requires EPIC-funded projects to lead to technological advancement and breakthroughs to overcome barriers that prevent the achievement of 15 residential sites to validate full Title 24 JA12 compatibilitythe state’s statutory and energy goals.