Common use of Indemnification by the Holders Clause in Contracts

Indemnification by the Holders. Each Holder agrees, severally but not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the Company, its directors, officers, employees, stockholders and each person who controls the Company (within the meaning of the ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇) against any losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expense (including reasonable attorney fees) resulting from any untrue statement of a material fact or any omission of a material fact required to be stated in the Registration Statement or Prospectus or preliminary prospectus or amendment or supplement thereto or any “free writing prospectus” as defined in Rule 405 under the 1933 Act or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, to the extent, but only to the extent that such untrue statement or omission is contained in any information furnished in writing by such Holder to the Company specifically for inclusion in such Registration Statement or Prospectus or amendment or supplement thereto. In no event shall the liability of an Holder be greater in amount than the dollar amount of the proceeds (net of all expense paid by such Holder in connection with any claim relating to this Section 6 and the amount of any damages such Holder has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue statement or omission) received by such Holder upon the sale of the Registrable Securities included in the Registration Statement giving rise to such indemnification obligation.

Appears in 5 contracts

Sources: Registration Rights Agreement (Velocity Express Corp), Registration Rights Agreement (Velocity Express Corp), Stock Purchase Agreement (Velocity Express Corp)

Indemnification by the Holders. Each The Holder agrees, severally but not jointly, agrees to indemnify and hold harmlessindemnity, to the fullest full extent permitted by law, the Company, its directors, officers, employees, stockholders officers and counsel and each person Person who controls the Company (within the meaning of Section 15 of the ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇Securities Act) against any losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expense (including reasonable attorney fees) expenses resulting from any untrue statement of a material fact or any omission of a material fact required to be stated in the Registration Statement or Prospectus or preliminary prospectus or any amendment thereof or supplement thereto or any “free writing prospectus” as defined in Rule 405 under the 1933 Act or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, to the extent, but only to the extent extent, that such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission is contained in relates to any information with respect to such Holder, in its capacity as such, so furnished in writing by such Holder specifically for inclusion in any Prospectus or Registration Statement (including any omissions with respect thereto); provided, however, that the Holder shall not be liable in any such case to the extent that prior to the filing of any such Registration Statement or Prospectus or amendment thereof or supplement thereto, the Holder has furnished in writing to the Company specifically information expressly for inclusion use in such Registration Statement or Prospectus or any amendment thereof or supplement theretothereto which corrected or made not misleading information previously furnished to the Company. In no event shall the liability of an the Holder hereunder be greater in amount than the dollar amount of the proceeds (net of all expense paid by such Holder in connection with any claim relating to this Section 6 and the amount of any damages such Holder has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue statement or omission) received by such the Holder upon the sale of the Registrable Securities included in the Registration Statement giving rise to such indemnification obligation.

Appears in 4 contracts

Sources: Incentive Warrant (Dekania Corp.), Incentive Warrant (Dekania Corp.), Incentive Warrant (Alpha Security Group CORP)

Indemnification by the Holders. Each Holder agrees, agrees severally but and not jointly, jointly to indemnify and hold harmlessharmless the Company and any underwriter, to as the fullest extent permitted by lawcase may be, the Company, its and their respective directors, officers, employeesagents, partners, trustees, stockholders and each person who controls the Company controlling Persons (within the meaning of Section 15 of the ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act) against any losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expense expenses (including reasonable attorney attorneys' fees) resulting from , disbursements and expenses, as incurred), incurred by such party pursuant to any actual or threatened action, suit, proceeding or investigation arising out of or based upon any untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in, or any omission or alleged omission of a material fact required to be stated in the in, any Registration Statement or Statement, any Prospectus or preliminary prospectus Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto or to any “free writing prospectus” as defined in Rule 405 under of the 1933 Act foregoing or necessary to make the statements therein (in case of the Prospectus or a preliminary Prospectus, in the light of the circumstances then existing) not misleading, to the extent, but only to the extent that any such untrue statement or omission is contained made in any reliance on and in conformity with information furnished in writing to the Company by such Holder to the Company or its counsel specifically for inclusion in such Registration Statement or Prospectus or amendment or supplement thereto. In no event shall therein; provided, however, that the liability of an each Holder be greater hereunder shall not in amount than any event exceed the dollar amount of the net proceeds (net after deduction of all expense paid underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses payable by such Holder in connection with any claim relating to this Section 6 and the amount of any damages such Holder has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue statement or omissionHolder) received by such Holder upon from the sale of the Registrable Securities included in covered by the applicable Registration Statement giving rise to such indemnification obligationStatement.

Appears in 3 contracts

Sources: Registration Rights Agreement (Novavax Inc), Registration Rights Agreement (King Pharmaceuticals Inc), Registration Rights Agreement (King Pharmaceuticals Inc)

Indemnification by the Holders. Each Holder agrees, severally but not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the Company, its directors, officers, employees, stockholders and each person who controls the Company (within the meaning of the 1▇▇▇ ▇▇▇) against any losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expense (including reasonable attorney fees) resulting from any untrue statement of a material fact or any omission of a material fact required to be stated in the Registration Statement or Prospectus or preliminary prospectus or amendment or supplement thereto or any “free writing prospectus” as defined in Rule 405 under the 1933 Act or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, to the extent, but only to the extent that such untrue statement or omission is contained in any information furnished in writing by such the Holder to the Company specifically for inclusion in such Registration Statement or Prospectus or amendment or supplement thereto. In no event shall the liability of an a Holder be greater in amount than the dollar amount of the proceeds (net of all expense expenses paid by such the Holder in connection with any claim relating to this Section 6 5 and the amount of any damages such the Holder has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue statement or omission) received by such the Holder upon the sale of the Registrable Securities included in the Registration Statement giving rise to such indemnification obligation.

Appears in 2 contracts

Sources: Registration Rights Agreement (Hancock Jaffe Laboratories, Inc.), Registration Rights Agreement (ENDRA Life Sciences Inc.)

Indemnification by the Holders. Each Holder agrees, severally but not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the Company, its directors, officers, employees, stockholders and each person who controls the Company (within the meaning of the ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇) against any losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expense (including reasonable attorney fees) resulting from any untrue statement of a material fact or any omission of a material fact required to be stated in the Registration Statement or Prospectus or preliminary prospectus or amendment or supplement thereto or any “free writing prospectus” as defined in Rule 405 under the 1933 Act or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, to the extent, but only to the extent that such untrue statement or omission is contained in any information furnished in writing by such Holder to the Company specifically for inclusion in such Registration Statement or Prospectus or amendment or supplement thereto. In no event shall the liability of an a Holder be greater in amount than the dollar amount of the proceeds (net of all expense paid by such Holder in connection with any claim relating to this Section 6 and the amount of any damages such Holder has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue statement or omission) received by such Holder upon the sale of the Holder Registrable Securities included in the Registration Statement giving rise to such indemnification obligation. It is agreed that the indemnity agreement contained in this Section 6(b) shall not apply to amounts paid in settlement of any such losses, claim, damage, liability or action if such settlement is effected without the consent of the affected Holder(s) (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed).

Appears in 2 contracts

Sources: Registration Rights Agreement (Orion Acquisition Corp Ii), Registration Rights Agreement (Orion Acquisition Corp Ii)

Indemnification by the Holders. Each Holder agrees, severally but not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the Company, its directors, officers, employees, stockholders stockholders, and successors and each person who controls the Company (within the meaning of the ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇) against any losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expense (including reasonable attorney fees) resulting from any untrue statement of a material fact or any omission of a material fact required to be stated in the Registration Statement or Prospectus or preliminary prospectus or amendment or supplement thereto or any “free writing prospectus” as defined in Rule 405 under the 1933 Act or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, to the extent, but only to the extent that such untrue statement or omission is contained in any information furnished in writing by or on behalf of such Holder to the Company specifically for inclusion in such Registration Statement or Prospectus or amendment or supplement thereto. In no event shall the liability of an a Holder be greater in amount than the dollar amount of the proceeds (net of all expense paid by such Holder in connection with any claim relating to this Section 6 and the amount of any damages such Holder holder has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue statement or omission) received by such Holder upon the sale of the Registrable Securities included in the Registration Statement giving rise to such indemnification obligation.

Appears in 2 contracts

Sources: Registration Rights Agreement (Imcor Pharmaceutical Co), Registration Rights Agreement (Imcor Pharmaceutical Co)

Indemnification by the Holders. Each Holder agrees, severally but not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the Company, its directors, officers, employees, stockholders and each person who controls the Company (within the meaning of the ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇) against any losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expense (including reasonable attorney fees) Losses resulting from any untrue statement of a material fact or any omission of a material fact required to be stated in the any Registration Statement or Prospectus or preliminary prospectus Prospectus or amendment or supplement thereto or any “free writing prospectus” as defined in Rule 405 under the 1933 Act or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, to the extent, but only to the extent that such untrue statement or omission is contained in any information furnished in writing by such Holder Holder, relating to such Holder, to the Company specifically for inclusion in such Registration Statement or Prospectus or amendment or supplement theretothereto (“Holder Information”). In no event shall the liability of an Holder be greater in amount than the dollar amount of the proceeds (net of all expense paid by such Holder in connection with any claim relating to this Section 6 5 and the amount of any damages such Holder has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue statement or omission) received by such Holder upon the sale of the Registrable Securities included in the such Registration Statement giving rise to such indemnification obligation.

Appears in 2 contracts

Sources: Equity Purchase Agreement (Planet Fitness, Inc.), Registration Rights Agreement (Planet Fitness, Inc.)

Indemnification by the Holders. Each Holder agrees, severally but not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the Company, its directors, officers, employees, stockholders and each person who controls the Company (within the meaning of the 1▇▇▇ ▇▇▇) against any losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expense (including reasonable attorney fees) resulting from any untrue statement of a material fact or any omission of a material fact required to be stated in the Registration Statement or Prospectus or preliminary prospectus or amendment or supplement thereto or any “free writing prospectus” as defined in Rule 405 under the 1933 Act or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, to the extent, but only to the extent that such untrue statement or omission is contained in any information furnished in writing by such Holder to the Company specifically for inclusion in such Registration Statement or Prospectus or amendment or supplement thereto. In no event shall the liability of an a Holder be greater in amount than the dollar amount of the proceeds (net of all expense expenses paid by such Holder in connection with any claim relating to this Section 6 and the amount of any damages such Holder has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue statement or omission) received by such Holder upon the sale of the Registrable Securities included in the Registration Statement giving rise to such indemnification obligation.

Appears in 1 contract

Sources: Registration Rights Agreement (hopTo Inc.)

Indemnification by the Holders. Each Holder agrees, severally but not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the Company, its directors, officers, employees, stockholders and each person who controls the Company (within the meaning of the ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇) against any losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expense (including reasonable attorney fees) resulting from any untrue statement of a material fact or any omission of a material fact required to be stated in the Registration Statement or Prospectus or preliminary prospectus or amendment or supplement thereto or any “free writing prospectus” as defined in Rule 405 under the 1933 Act or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, to the extent, but only to the extent that such untrue statement or omission is contained in any information furnished in writing by such Holder to the Company specifically for inclusion in such Registration Statement or Prospectus or amendment or supplement thereto. In no event shall the liability of an a Holder be greater in amount than the dollar amount of the proceeds (net of all expense paid by such Holder in connection with any claim relating to this Section 6 and the amount of any damages such Holder has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue statement or omission) received by such Holder upon the sale of the Registrable Securities included in the Registration Statement giving rise to such indemnification obligation.

Appears in 1 contract

Sources: Registration Rights Agreement (Osteologix, Inc.)

Indemnification by the Holders. Each Holder agrees, severally but not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the Company, its directors, officers, employees, stockholders and each person who controls the Company (within the meaning of the ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇Securities Act) against any losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expense (including reasonable attorney fees) resulting from any untrue statement of a material fact or any omission of a material fact required to be stated in the Registration Statement or Prospectus or preliminary prospectus or amendment or supplement thereto or any “free writing prospectus” as defined in Rule 405 under the 1933 Act or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, to the extent, but only to the extent that such untrue statement or omission is contained in any information furnished in writing by such the Holder to the Company specifically for inclusion in such Registration Statement or Prospectus or amendment or supplement thereto. In no event shall the liability of an a Holder be greater in amount than the dollar amount of the proceeds (net of all expense expenses paid by such the Holder in connection with any claim relating to this Section 6 5 and the amount of any damages such the Holder has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue statement or omission) received by such the Holder upon the sale of the Registrable Securities included in the Registration Statement and, if applicable, Prospectus Supplement, giving rise to such indemnification obligation.

Appears in 1 contract

Sources: Registration Rights Agreement (FirstService Corp)

Indemnification by the Holders. Each Holder agrees, severally but not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the Company, its directors, officers, employees, stockholders and each person who controls the Company (within the meaning of the ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇) against any losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expense (including reasonable attorney fees) resulting from any untrue statement of a material fact or any omission of a material fact required to be stated in the Registration Statement or Prospectus or preliminary prospectus or amendment or supplement thereto or any “free writing prospectus” as defined in Rule 405 under the 1933 Act or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, to the extent, but only to the extent that such untrue statement or omission is contained in any information furnished in writing by such the Holder to the Company specifically for inclusion in such Registration Statement or Prospectus or amendment or supplement thereto. In no event shall the liability of an a Holder be greater in amount than the dollar amount of the proceeds (net of all expense expenses paid by such the Holder in connection with any claim relating to this Section 6 5 and the amount of any damages such the Holder has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue statement or omission) received by such the Holder upon the sale of the Registrable Securities included in the Registration Statement giving rise to such indemnification obligation.

Appears in 1 contract

Sources: Registration Rights Agreement (ENDRA Life Sciences Inc.)

Indemnification by the Holders. Each Holder agrees, severally but not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the Company, its directors, officers, employees, stockholders and each person who controls the Company (within the meaning of the ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇1933 Act) against any losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expense expen▇▇ (including ▇▇▇▇uding reasonable attorney fees) resulting from any untrue statement of a material fact or any omission of a material fact required to be stated in the Registration Statement or Prospectus or preliminary prospectus or amendment or supplement thereto or any “free writing prospectus” as defined in Rule 405 under the 1933 Act or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, to the extent, but only to the extent that such untrue statement or omission is contained in any information furnished in writing by such Holder to the Company specifically for inclusion in such Registration Statement or Prospectus or amendment or supplement thereto. In no event shall the liability of an a Holder be greater in amount than the dollar amount of the proceeds (net of all expense paid by such Holder in connection with any claim relating to this Section 6 and the amount of any damages such Holder has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue statement or omission) received by such Holder upon the sale of the Registrable Securities included in the Registration Statement giving rise to such indemnification obligation.

Appears in 1 contract

Sources: Registration Rights Agreement (Caprius Inc)

Indemnification by the Holders. Each Holder agrees, severally but not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the Company, its directors, officers, employees, stockholders and each person who controls the Company (within the meaning of the ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇Securities Act) against any losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expense (including reasonable attorney fees) resulting from any untrue statement of a material fact or any omission of a material fact required to be stated in the Registration Statement or Prospectus or preliminary prospectus or amendment or supplement thereto or any “free writing prospectus” as defined in Rule 405 under the 1933 Act or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, to the extent, but only to the extent that such untrue statement or omission is contained in any information furnished in writing by such the Holder to the Company specifically for inclusion in such Registration Statement or Prospectus or amendment or supplement thereto. In no event shall the liability of an a Holder be greater in amount than the dollar amount of the proceeds (net of all expense expenses paid by such the Holder in connection with any claim relating to this Section 6 5 and the amount of any damages such the Holder has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue statement or omission) received by such the Holder upon the sale of the Registrable Securities included in the Registration Statement giving rise to such indemnification obligation.

Appears in 1 contract

Sources: Registration Rights Agreement (Redfin Corp)

Indemnification by the Holders. Each In connection with any Registration Statement pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, each Holder will furnish to the Company in writing such information as the Company reasonably requests concerning such Holder or the proposed manner of such Holder’s distribution for use in connection with any Registration Statement or Prospectus and agrees, severally but not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the Company, its Subsidiaries and its and their respective directors, officers, employees, stockholders shareholders and each person who controls the Company (within the meaning of the 1▇▇▇ ▇▇▇) against any losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expense expenses (including reasonable attorney fees) resulting from any untrue statement of a material fact or any omission of a material fact required to be stated in the Registration Statement or Prospectus or preliminary prospectus or amendment or supplement thereto or any “free writing prospectus” as defined in Rule 405 under the 1933 Act or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, to the extent, but only to the extent that such untrue statement or omission is contained in any information furnished in writing by such Holder to the Company specifically for inclusion in such Registration Statement or Prospectus or amendment or supplement thereto. In no event shall the liability of an a Holder be greater in amount than the aggregate dollar amount of the proceeds (net of all expense expenses paid by such Holder in connection with any claim relating to this Section 6 and the amount of any damages such Holder has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue statement or omission) received by such Holder upon the sale of the Registrable Securities included in the Registration Statement giving rise to such indemnification obligation.

Appears in 1 contract

Sources: Registration Rights Agreement (Novelos Therapeutics, Inc.)

Indemnification by the Holders. Each Holder agrees, severally but not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the Company, its directors, officers, employees, stockholders and each person who controls the Company (within the meaning of the ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇1933 Act) (collectively, “Company Indemnified Parties” and together with the Holder Indemnified Parties, the “Indemnified Parties”) against any losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expense (including reasonable attorney fees) resulting from any untrue statement of a material fact or any omission of a material fact required to be stated in the Registration Statement Statement, or Prospectus or preliminary prospectus or amendment or supplement thereto or any “free writing prospectus” as defined in Rule 405 under the 1933 Act thereto, or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, to the extent, but only to the extent that such untrue statement or omission is contained in any information furnished in writing by such Holder to the Company on or after the date hereof specifically for inclusion in such Registration Statement or Prospectus or amendment or supplement thereto. In no event shall the liability of an a Holder be greater in amount than the dollar amount of the proceeds (net of all expense commissions, discounts and other expenses paid by such Holder in connection with any claim relating to this Section 6 and the amount of any damages such Holder has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue statement or omission) received by such Holder upon the sale of the Registrable Securities included in the Registration Statement giving rise to such indemnification obligation.

Appears in 1 contract

Sources: Registration Rights Agreement (RMG Networks Holding Corp)

Indemnification by the Holders. Each Holder agrees, severally but not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the Company, its directors, officers, employees, stockholders stockholders, and successors and each person who controls the Company (within the meaning of the ▇▇▇▇ 1933 ▇▇▇) against ▇▇▇inst any losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expense (including reasonable attorney fees) resulting from any untrue statement of a material fact or any omission of a material fact required to be stated in the Registration Statement or Prospectus or preliminary prospectus or amendment or supplement thereto or any “free writing prospectus” as defined in Rule 405 under the 1933 Act or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, to the extent, but only to the extent that such untrue statement or omission is contained in any information furnished in writing by or on behalf of such Holder to the Company specifically for inclusion in such Registration Statement or Prospectus or amendment or supplement thereto. In no event shall the liability of an a Holder be greater in amount than the dollar amount of the proceeds (net of all expense paid by such Holder in connection with any claim relating to this Section 6 and the amount of any damages such Holder holder has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue statement or omission) received by such Holder upon the sale of the Registrable Securities included in the Registration Statement giving rise to such indemnification obligation.

Appears in 1 contract

Sources: Registration Rights Agreement (Imcor Pharmaceutical Co)

Indemnification by the Holders. Each Holder agrees, severally but not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the Company, its directors, officers, employees, stockholders and each person who controls the Company (within the meaning of the ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇) against any losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expense (including reasonable attorney fees) resulting from any untrue statement of a material fact or any omission of a material fact required to be stated in the Registration Statement or Prospectus or preliminary prospectus Prospectus or amendment or supplement thereto or any “free writing prospectus” as defined in Rule 405 under the 1933 Act or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, to the extent, but only to the extent that such untrue statement or omission is contained in any information furnished in writing by such Holder to the Company specifically for inclusion in such Registration Statement or Prospectus or amendment or supplement thereto. In no event shall the liability of an Holder be greater in amount than the dollar amount of the proceeds (net of all expense expenses paid by such Holder in connection with any claim relating to this Section 6 and the amount of any damages such Holder has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue statement or omission) received by such Holder upon the sale of the Registrable Securities included in the Registration Statement giving rise to such indemnification obligation.

Appears in 1 contract

Sources: Registration Rights Agreement (Growlife, Inc.)

Indemnification by the Holders. Each Holder agrees, severally but not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the Company, its directors, officers, employees, stockholders and each person who controls the Company (within the meaning of the ▇▇19▇▇ ▇▇▇) against any losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expense (including reasonable attorney fees) resulting from any untrue statement of a material fact or any omission of a material fact required to be stated in the Registration Statement or Prospectus or preliminary prospectus or amendment or supplement thereto or any “free writing prospectus” as defined in Rule 405 under the 1933 Act or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, to the extent, but only to the extent that such untrue statement or omission is contained in any information furnished in writing by such the Holder to the Company specifically for inclusion in such Registration Statement or Prospectus or amendment or supplement thereto. In no event shall the liability of an a Holder be greater in amount than the dollar amount of the proceeds (net of all expense expenses paid by such the Holder in connection with any claim relating to this Section 6 5 and the amount of any damages such the Holder has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue statement or omission) received by such the Holder upon the sale of the Registrable Securities included in the Registration Statement giving rise to such indemnification obligation.

Appears in 1 contract

Sources: Registration Rights Agreement (ENDRA Life Sciences Inc.)