Common use of International interoperability standards Clause in Contracts

International interoperability standards. In the European Union there is a European Framework for Interoperability, developed by the Community program called Interoperable Delivery of European eGovernment Services to Public Administrations, Businesses and Citizens (IDABC) [3]. In addition, in September 2009, Decision No 922/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council was published, related to interoperability solutions for European public administrations, to action plans on e-government on interoperability, and to the Community policy of sharing, reusing and collaborating. On the other hand, interoperability is possible thanks to the existence of open standards. Open standards are publicly available formats or specifications, regardless any individual provider are free of legal or technical clauses that limit their use. Some examples of open standards are the following: - DCAT-AP: The DCAT Application profile for data portals in Europe (DCAT-AP) is a specification based on the Data Catalogue vocabulary (DCAT) for describing public sector datasets in Europe. Its basic use case is to enable cross-data portal search for data sets and make public sector data better searchable across borders and sectors. This can be achieved by the exchange of descriptions of datasets among data portals. - CSW (Catalogue Services for the Web): It is a standard defined by the Open Geospatial Consortium for publishing catalogue records for geospatial data. - INSPIRE: The EU INSPIRE Directive aims to create a Europe-wide infrastructure for public sector spatial information. It specifies formats and discovery services that public authorities must use for publishing spatial data. - REST (Representational State Transfer): It is a standard interface for web applications. It appeared in the year 2000 and it is usually used to develop APIs. For example, the common NGSI language used in FIWARE provides a REST API via HTTP for obtaining data or performing operations on data stored in FIWARE. - ▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇ [4]: It is a collaborative, community activity with a mission to create, maintain, and promote schemas for structured data on the Internet. The schemes have a specific standard vocabulary for different entities. For example, the Place scheme can be used in a city for fixed places such as squares or parks.