Norms Clause Samples
Norms. In this section, I discuss the role of norms as a regulatory avenue for online price discrimi- nation. I first explore its general role, after which I will explore its role for addressing the current lack of transparency, lack of control and unfair outcomes respectively. In its purest form, consumer backlash – as a result of unfairness perceptions – could be one an important counterbalance against personalized pricing. Collectively, consumers are often in the best position to punish retailers who treat them unfairly. It explains why a company like Wish would rather stop personalizing prices altogether, than to disclose the fact that they do so, as currently required under the CRD.111 As follows from the interview 108 ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ 2009; ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ 2011. 109 Zuboff 2018. 110 These types of market interventions must be subject to roadtesting, to simulate and investigate the effects on, among others, competition and consumer welfare. See also ▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇ 2015. 111 ACM 2022b. study in Chapter 3, companies fear backlash, as it can damage their reputation, consumer relationships and market position.112 Assessing what the current norm is, is a difficult exercise. There is not yet a sufficiently entrenched norm against (or in favor of) discrimination based on willingness to pay.113 However, past instances of online price discrimination that have come to light through media outlets, sparked strong negative reactions among consumers.114 We should not un- derestimate the role that norms, and consumers enforcing these norms through negative perceptions, could play in regulating online price discrimination. It stands to reason that retailers would not be wise to disappoint their customers and will likely avoid practices that offer short-term gains but have a risk of hurting their businesses in the long term. There are two main dynamics at play that might mitigate the strong moral dislike of personalized pricing and the extent to which norms can form an effective constraint. First is the current lack of transparency. Companies are increasingly aware of the current aversion against personalized pricing and might engage in more covert forms of price discrimination or invest in framing a personalized price in such a way that the benefits are more salient, for example, through presenting the offer as a discount.115 This might lead to less instances of personalized pricing coming to light, or less support among consumers when national authorities decide to enforce pers...
Norms. Implement Instructional Leadership Team created inquiry cycle agendas;
Norms. Task Orders shall specify certain norms to ensure quality and consistency of Deliverables. Norms may include, but are not limited to any of the following: project delivery processes (SDLC); Project Management practices such as effort estimation; target service levels and associated rewards and penalties; acceptable personnel retention period; [Knowledge retention requirements]; business continuity requirements; value, volume or early payment discounts; and any other requirements the Parties mutually agree to include.
Norms. The participants discussed several norms that are prevalent in the communities, the reasoning behind each of the norms as well as how open people are to changes in the traditional norms. When discussing listening to wife over parents (and vice versa), there was a lot of conversation about the husband trying to equally show love and affection to the wife and the parents. There is a lot of pressure on the husband to maintain a balancing act between listening to his parents and wife because listening is highly equated to showing love and care. On one hand, there is the fear that the wife will get upset and leave if she does not feel valued and on the other hand, there is fear that the parents will be hurt, disrespected, unloved and perceive that the son is ungrateful. Even if the man respects his wife's opinion, there has to be some consideration of his parent's opinions out of respect. It is the responsibility of the couple to show love and respect to their parents and take care of them in their old age. Therefore, from the parent's point of view, when the son listens more to his wife's opinion, there is fear that he will slowly separate from them and eventually abandon them. This is because of the belief that the wife is an outsider, may not care for the well-being of the parents, and might influence the son to do the same. Therefore, when a son listens to his wife over his parents, it is equated with parental neglect and the wife is seen as the main reason behind it. His parents can feel distrust towards him As one of the male family member participants from ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ said -'if a banana knot is untied, the rope becomes straight' referring to how the family unravels when they do not trust each other. The effects of this struggle show up not only in division of labor but in division of earnings. Traditionally, before marriage, the man gives his earnings to his parents. If he starts giving his earnings to his wife after marriage, there is a fear that the parents will feel unloved. Some men end up secretly giving money to their parents to avoid conflict, which can upset the wife and lead to a bigger conflict when it is found out. This struggle also comes into play during disagreements between a mother-in-law and wife. If the husband sides with his wife, the mother feels distrusted. Therefore, when these sorts of disagreements are brought to the son, he often opts to scold his wife and side with his mother, which is seen as a more favorable choice regardless of w...