Common use of Note 3 Clause in Contracts

Note 3. 4.2. We cannot in general expect to be able to compute ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ radical for rings not containing a field. To see this, consider rings of the form Z/nZ, with n Z>0, for which the task ultimately reduces to finding square divisors of n. This is not something we know how to do deterministically in polynomial time.