Sub-Advisory Services The Sub-Adviser shall have full discretionary authority for portfolio investment decisions for a Fund (or each portion of a Fund’s assets allocated to the Sub-Adviser by the Adviser), including determining, from time to time, what securities (and other financial instruments) shall be purchased for the Fund, what securities (and other financial instruments) shall be held or sold by the Fund, and what portion of the Fund’s assets shall be held uninvested in cash, subject always to the provisions of the Trust’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust, By-Laws and each Fund’s prospectus and statement of additional information as set forth in the Trust’s registration statement on Form N-1A (the “Registration Statement”) under the 1940 Act, and under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), covering Fund shares, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), and to the investment objectives, policies and restrictions of each Fund, as shall be from time to time in effect, and such other limitations, policies and procedures as the Board or the Adviser may reasonably impose from time to time and provide in writing to the Sub-Adviser (the “Investment Policies”). No reference in this Agreement to the Sub-Adviser having full discretionary authority over each Fund’s portfolio investment decisions shall in any way limit the right of the Board or the Adviser to establish or revise policies in connection with the management of a Fund’s assets or to otherwise exercise its right to control the overall management of the Trust and each Fund. The scope of the Sub-Adviser’s authority for trading portfolio securities (and other financial instruments) for a Fund, including selecting broker-dealers to execute purchase and sale transactions (“trading authority”), shall initially be as set forth on Schedule A hereto (which may differ by Fund). The Adviser may revise the scope of the Sub-Adviser’s trading authority upon the provision of at least 30 days’ written notice to the Sub-Adviser. Absent the Sub-Adviser’s provision of written notice declining such change, such a change shall be effective as of the later of the end of such 30-day period or the date set forth in such notice. If Schedule A indicates “partially discretionary” trading authority, initially, the Adviser shall retain discretionary trading authority for a mutually agreed subset of the Fund’s portfolio investments (the “Subset”), and the Sub-Adviser shall be responsible for providing non-discretionary trading recommendations to the Adviser with respect to the Subset (in accordance with the applicable terms of the “non-discretionary” trading authority paragraph below). In addition, the Sub-Adviser shall have full discretionary trading authority for the remaining portion of the Fund’s portfolio (in accordance with the applicable terms of the “discretionary” trading authority paragraph below). If Schedule A indicates “fully discretionary” trading authority, initially, the Sub-Adviser shall exercise full trading authority for a Fund with respect to purchases, sales or other transactions, as well as with respect to all other such things necessary or incidental to the furtherance or conduct of such purchases, sales or other transactions. If Schedule A indicates “non-discretionary” trading authority, initially, the Sub-Adviser shall be responsible for promptly informing the Adviser (or another investment sub-advisory firm designated by the Adviser (herein, a “Trading Adviser”)) of portfolio investment decisions for a Fund in writing pursuant to mutually agreed notification protocols. In turn, the parties understand and acknowledge that the Adviser or the Trading Adviser, as the case may be, will fully rely on such notifications to effect the security (and other financial instrument) trading execution for each Fund’s portfolio investments. Additionally, the Adviser and the Trading Adviser, as the case may be, has full discretionary authority to select broker-dealers to effect the trading execution for a Fund’s portfolio investments. In the event the Adviser or the Trading Adviser desire clarification on a particular Sub-Adviser notification, the Adviser or the Trading Adviser, as the case may be, will seek guidance from the Sub-Adviser prior to executing any transaction in question. In any case (e.g., non-discretionary, partial discretion, or full discretion), the Adviser may retain such discretionary authority as it deems appropriate for effecting in-kind and other transactions of Fund portfolio investments vis-à-vis “creation units.” Regardless of the scope of the Sub-Adviser’s trading authority, the Sub-Adviser acknowledges that the Board retains ultimate authority over each Fund and may take any and all actions necessary and reasonable to protect the interests of Fund shareholders.
SERVICES TO BE RENDERED BY SUB-ADVISER A. As a sub-adviser to the Portfolio(s), the Sub-Adviser will invest and reinvest the assets of the Portfolio(s) and determine the composition of the assets of the Portfolio(s), subject always to the supervision and control of the Adviser and the Trust Board.
B. As part of the services it will provide hereunder, the Sub-Adviser will:
(i) obtain and evaluate, to the extent deemed necessary or advisable by the Sub-Adviser in its discretion, pertinent economic, statistical, financial and other information affecting the economy generally and individual companies or industries, the securities of which are included in the Portfolio(s) or are under consideration for inclusion in the Portfolio(s);
(ii) formulate and implement a continuous investment program for each of the Portfolio(s);
(iii) take whatever reasonable steps are necessary to implement the investment program(s) for the Portfolio(s) by arranging for the purchase and sale of securities and other investments, including issuing directives to the administrator of the Trust as necessary for the appropriate implementation of the investment program(s) of the Portfolio(s);
(iv) keep the Adviser fully informed in writing on an ongoing basis as agreed by the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser of all material facts concerning the investment and reinvestment of the assets of the Portfolio(s), the Sub-Adviser and its key investment personnel and operations; make regular and periodic special written reports of such additional information concerning the same as may reasonably be requested from time to time by the Adviser or the Trust Board; and attend meetings with the Adviser and/or the Trust Board, as reasonably requested, to discuss the foregoing;
(v) in accordance with procedures and methods established by the Trust Board, which may be amended from time to time, to the extent not prohibited by applicable law or confidentiality obligation, provide, upon request, reasonable assistance in determining the fair value of, and/or use reasonable efforts to arrange for the provision of valuation information or fair value prices from parties independent of the Sub-Adviser for, each security or other asset of the Portfolio(s) for which market quotations are not readily available. The Adviser agrees that the Sub-Adviser is not a pricing agent for the Trust;
(vi) provide, upon request, any and all reasonable material composite performance information, records and supporting documentation about accounts the Sub-Adviser manages that have investment objectives, policies and strategies substantially similar to those employed by the Sub-Adviser in managing the Portfolio(s) or that may be reasonably necessary, under applicable laws, to allow the Trust or its agent to present information concerning the Sub-Adviser’s prior performance in the Prospectus (as hereinafter defined) or in any permissible reports and materials prepared by the Adviser, the Trust or their agents; and
(vii) cooperate with and provide reasonable assistance to the Adviser, the Trust’s administrator, the Trust’s custodian and foreign custodians, the Trust’s transfer agent and pricing agents, and all other agents and representatives of the Trust and the Adviser; keep all such persons fully informed as to such matters as they may reasonably deem necessary to the performance of their obligations to the Trust and the Adviser; and provide prompt responses to reasonable requests made by such persons and maintain any appropriate interfaces with each so as to promote the efficient exchange of information.
C. In furnishing services hereunder, the Sub-Adviser shall be subject to, and shall perform in accordance with, the following: (i) the Trust’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust and By-Laws, each as amended from time to time (“Governing Documents”); (ii) the currently effective Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information of the Trust, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) as part of the Trust’s registration statement on Form N-1A and delivered to the Sub-Adviser, as amended and/or supplemented (“Prospectus”); (iii) the Investment Company Act and the Advisers Act and the rules under each, and all other federal and state laws or regulations applicable to the Trust and the Portfolio(s); (iv) the Trust’s Compliance Manual and other policies and procedures adopted from time to time by the Trust Board; and (v) the written instructions of the Adviser. Prior to the commencement of the Sub-Adviser’s services hereunder, the Adviser shall provide the Sub-Adviser with current copies of the Governing Documents, Prospectus, Compliance Manual, and other relevant policies and procedures adopted by the Trust Board. The Adviser undertakes to provide the Sub-Adviser with copies or other written notice of any amendments, modifications or supplements to any such above-mentioned document. The Adviser agrees that the Sub-Adviser shall be afforded a reasonable amount of time to implement any change in applicable law, rule or regulation (but in no event, except after obtaining a proper exemptive order or other relief or the Adviser’s consent, beyond the mandatory compliance date for any such change), any change in the Governing Documents, Prospectus, Compliance Manual, or other relevant policies and procedures adopted by the Trust Board. The Adviser agrees that the Sub-Adviser is not a compliance agent for the Trust or the Adviser, may not have access to all of the books and records of the Portfolio(s) necessary to perform compliance testing, and will not be obligated to request any books and records of the Portfolio(s) not in the Sub-Adviser’s possession for purposes of compliance testing.
D. In furnishing services hereunder, to the extent prohibited under, or necessary to comply with, the Investment Company Act, the Sub-Adviser will not consult with any other sub-adviser to (i) the Portfolio(s), (ii) any other portfolio of the Trust or (iii) any other investment company under common control with the Trust concerning transactions of the Portfolio(s) in securities or other assets. (For the avoidance of doubt, the foregoing restriction shall not be deemed to prohibit the Sub-Adviser from consulting with (i) any of its affiliated persons concerning transactions in securities or other assets or (ii) any of the other covered sub-advisers concerning compliance with paragraphs (a) and (b) of Rule 12d3-1 under the Investment Company Act.)
E. The Sub-Adviser, at its expense, will furnish: (i) all necessary facilities and personnel, including salaries, expenses and fees of any personnel, required for it to faithfully perform its duties under this Agreement; and (ii) administrative facilities, including bookkeeping, and all equipment necessary for the efficient conduct of the Sub-Adviser’s duties under this Agreement. The Sub-Adviser will not be responsible for the expenses of the Portfolio(s), the Trust or the Adviser, including, but not limited to: expenses incurred in the distribution of shares of the Portfolio(s); fees and expenses related to any required filings, or any amendment or supplement thereto, under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Securities Act”), the Investment Company Act or otherwise; interest expense, taxes, fees and commissions of every kind; and charges and expenses of custodians, transfer agents, dividend disbursing agents, shareholder servicing agents and other service providers to the Portfolio(s) or the Trust.
F. The Sub-Adviser will select brokers and dealers to effect all portfolio transactions for the Portfolio(s) subject to the conditions set forth herein. The Sub-Adviser will place all necessary orders with brokers, dealers or issuers, and will negotiate brokerage commissions, if applicable. The Sub-Adviser is directed at all times to seek to execute transactions for the Portfolio(s) in accordance with any written policies, practices or procedures (i) established by the Trust Board or the Adviser and provided to the Sub-Adviser or (ii) described in the Prospectus. In placing any orders for the purchase or sale of investments for the Portfolio(s), in the name of the Portfolio(s) or a nominee of the Portfolio(s), the Sub-Adviser shall use its best efforts to seek to obtain for the Portfolio(s) “best execution,” consistent with its obligations under applicable laws and regulations considering all of the circumstances, and shall maintain records adequate to demonstrate compliance with this requirement. In no instance will securities or other assets be purchased from or sold to the Sub-Adviser, or any affiliated person thereof, except in accordance with the Investment Company Act, the Advisers Act and the rules under each, and all other federal and state laws or regulations applicable to the Trust.
G. Subject to the appropriate policies and procedures approved by the Trust Board, the Sub-Adviser may, to the extent authorized by Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), cause the Portfolio(s) to pay a broker or dealer that provides brokerage or research services to the Sub-Adviser or the Adviser an amount of commission for effecting a portfolio transaction in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction if the Sub-Adviser determines, in good faith, that such amount of commission is reasonable in relationship to the value of the brokerage or research services provided viewed in terms of either that particular transaction or the Sub-Adviser’s overall responsibilities with respect to the accounts as to which it exercises investment discretion. To the extent authorized by Section 28(e) and the Trust Board, the Sub-Adviser shall not be deemed to have acted unlawfully or to have breached any duty created by this Agreement or otherwise solely by reason of such action. Subject to seeking best execution, the Adviser or the Trust Board may direct the Sub-Adviser to effect transactions in portfolio securities through broker-dealers in a manner that will help generate resources to pay the cost of certain expenses that the Trust is required to pay or for which the Trust is required to arrange payment.
H. On occasions when the Sub-Adviser deems the purchase or sale of a security to be in the best interest of the Portfolio(s) as well as other clients of the Sub-Adviser, the Sub-Adviser to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations, may, but shall be under no obligation to, aggregate the securities to be purchased or sold to attempt to obtain a more favorable price or lower brokerage commissions and efficient execution. Allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the expenses incurred in the transaction, will be made by the Sub-Adviser in the manner which the Sub-Adviser considers to be equitable and consistent with its fiduciary obligations to the Portfolio(s) and to its other clients over time. The Adviser agrees that the Sub-Adviser and its affiliates may give advice and take action in the performance of their duties with respect to any of their other clients that may differ from advice given, or the timing or nature of actions taken, with respect to the Portfolio(s). The Adviser also acknowledges that Sub-Adviser and its affiliates are fiduciaries to other entities, some of which have the same or similar investment objectives (and will hold the same or similar investments) as the Portfolio(s), and that the Sub-Adviser will carry out its duties hereunder together with its duties under such relationships. Nothing in this Agreement shall be deemed to confer upon the Sub-Adviser any obligation to purchase or sell or to recommend for purchase or sale for the Portfolio(s) any investment that the Sub-Adviser, its affiliates, officers or employees may purchase or sell for its or their own account or for the account of any client, if in the sole discretion of the Sub-Adviser it is for any reason impractical or undesirable to take such action or make such recommendation for the Portfolio(s).
I. The Sub-Adviser will maintain all accounts, books and records with respect to the Portfolio(s) that are required of an investment adviser of a registered investment company pursuant to the Investment Company Act and Advisers Act and the rules thereunder and that are not being maintained by the Adviser, and shall file with the SEC all forms pursuant to Section 13 of the Exchange Act with respect to its duties as are set forth herein.
J. The Sub-Adviser will, unless and until otherwise directed by the Adviser or the Trust Board, exercise in accordance with the Sub-Adviser’s policies and procedures all rights of security holders with respect to securities held by the Portfolio(s), including, but not limited to: voting proxies, converting, tendering, exchanging or redeeming securities; providing information related to class-action litigation (including litigation with respect to securities previously held); and exercising rights in the context of a bankruptcy or other reorganization. The Sub-Adviser will not be responsible for making any class action filings on behalf of the Portfolio(s). The Sub-Adviser shall promptly provide the Adviser with any information it receives regarding class action claims or any other legal matters involving any asset held in the Portfolio(s) and shall cooperate with the Adviser to the extent necessary for the Adviser to pursue or participate in any such action. The Sub-Adviser will also promptly notify the Adviser if the Sub-Adviser determines to opt out of a class action litigation or otherwise commence an independent litigation (domestic or foreign) for securities held or previously held in the Sub-Adviser’s proprietary accounts that are also held or were previously held by the Portfolio(s).
Investment Sub-Advisory Services Subject to the supervision of the applicable Corporation’s Board of Directors (“Board”) and the Adviser, the Sub-adviser shall act as the investment sub-adviser and shall supervise and direct the Fund’s investments as specified by the Adviser from time to time, and in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective(s), investment strategies, policies, and restrictions as provided in the Fund’s Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information, as currently in effect and as amended or supplemented from time to time (hereinafter referred to as the “Prospectus”), and such other limitations as the Fund or Adviser may impose by notice in writing to the Sub-adviser. The Sub-adviser shall obtain and evaluate such information relating to the economy, industries, businesses, securities markets, and securities as it may deem necessary or useful in the discharge of its obligations hereunder and shall formulate and implement a continuing program for the management of the assets and resources of each Fund allocated to the Sub-adviser in a manner consistent with the Fund’s investment objective(s), investment strategies, policies, and restrictions. In furtherance of this duty, the Sub-adviser, on behalf of each Fund is authorized to:
(1) make discretionary investment decisions to buy, sell, exchange, convert, lend, and otherwise trade in any stocks, bonds, and other securities or assets;
(2) place orders and negotiate the commissions for the execution of transactions in securities or other assets with or through such brokers, dealers, underwriters or issuers as the Sub-adviser may select or instruct the Affiliated Trading Desk (as defined below) to do so on behalf of the Subadviser, as applicable;
(3) vote proxies, exercise conversion or subscription rights, and respond to tender offers and other consent solicitations with respect to the issuers of securities in which Fund assets may be invested provided such materials have been forwarded to the Sub-adviser in a timely fashion by the Fund’s custodian;
(4) instruct the Fund custodian to deliver for cash received, securities or other cash and/or securities instruments sold, exchanged, redeemed or otherwise disposed of from the Fund, and to pay cash for securities or other cash and/or securities instruments delivered to the custodian and/or credited to the Fund upon acquisition of the same for the Fund;
(5) maintain all or part of the Fund’s uninvested assets in short-term income producing instruments for such periods of time as shall be deemed reasonable and prudent by the Sub-adviser, including any other internal money market or short-term bond fund available for use only by clients of the Adviser and certain of its affiliates; and
(6) generally, perform any other act necessary to enable the Sub-adviser to carry out its obligations under this Agreement or as agreed upon with the Adviser. The Adviser agrees that Subadviser may delegate trading execution and related reporting functions to the trading desk of an affiliate (“Affiliated Trading Desk”).