Tax Benefit If, as the result of any Taxes paid or indemnified against by the Facility Lessee under this Section 9.2, the aggregate Taxes actually paid by the Tax Indemnitee for any taxable year and not subject to indemnification pursuant to this Section 9.2 are less (whether by reason of a deduction, credit, allocation or apportionment of income or otherwise) than the amount of such Taxes that otherwise would have been payable by such Tax Indemnitee (a "Tax Benefit"), then to the extent such Tax Benefit was not taken into account in determining the amount of indemnification payable by the Facility Lessee under paragraph (a) or (c) above and provided no Significant Lease Default or Lease Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing (in which event the payment provided under this Section 9.2(e) shall be deferred until the Significant Lease Default or Lease Event of Default has been cured), such Tax Indemnitee shall pay to the Facility Lessee the lesser of (A) (y) the amount of such Tax Benefit, plus (z) an amount equal to any United States federal, state or local income tax benefit resulting to the Tax Indemnitee from the payment under clause (y) above and this clause (z) (determined using the same assumptions as set forth in the second sentence under the definition of After-Tax Basis) and (B) the amount of the indemnity paid pursuant to this Section 9.2 giving rise to such Tax Benefit; provided, however, that any excess of (A) over (B) shall be carried forward and reduce the Facility Lessee's obligations to make subsequent payments to such Tax Indemnitee pursuant to this Section 9.
Tax Benefit Payments Section 3.1 Payments 12 Section 3.2 No Duplicative Payments 13
How Are Distributions from a ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ Taxed for Federal Income Tax Purposes Amounts distributed to you are generally excludable from your gross income if they (i) are paid after you attain age 59½, (ii) are made to your beneficiary after your death, (iii) are attributable to your becoming disabled, (iv) subject to various limits, the distribution is used to purchase a first home or, in limited cases, a second or subsequent home for you, your spouse, or you or your spouse’s grandchild or ancestor, or (v) are rolled over to another ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇. Regardless of the foregoing, if you or your beneficiary receives a distribution within the five-taxable-year period starting with the beginning of the year to which your initial contribution to your ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ applies, the earnings on your account are includable in taxable income. In addition, if you roll over (convert) funds to your ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ from another individual retirement plan (such as a Traditional IRA or another ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ into which amounts were rolled from a Traditional IRA), the portion of a distribution attributable to rolled-over amounts which exceeds the amounts taxed in connection with the conversion to a ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ is includable in income (and subject to penalty tax) if it is distributed prior to the end of the five-tax-year period beginning with the start of the tax year during which the rollover occurred. An amount taxed in connection with a rollover is subject to a 10% penalty tax if it is distributed before the end of the five-tax-year period. As noted above, the five-year holding period requirement is measured from the beginning of the five-taxable-year period beginning with the first taxable year for which you (or your spouse) made a contribution to a ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ on your behalf. Previously, the law required that a separate five-year holding period apply to regular ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ contributions and to amounts contributed to a ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ as a result of the rollover or conversion of a Traditional IRA. Even though the holding period requirement has been simplified, it may still be advisable to keep regular ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ contributions and rollover/ conversion ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ contributions in separate accounts. This is because amounts withdrawn from a rollover/conversion ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ within five years of the rollover/conversion may be subject to a 10% penalty tax. As noted above, a distribution from a ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ that complies with all of the distribution and holding period requirements is excludable from your gross income. If you receive a distribution from a ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ that does not comply with these rules, the part of the distribution that constitutes a return of your contributions will not be included in your taxable income, and the portion that represents earnings will be includable in your income. For this purpose, certain ordering rules apply. Amounts distributed to you are treated as coming first from your non-deductible contributions. The next portion of a distribution is treated as coming from amounts which have been rolled over (converted) from any non-▇▇▇▇ IRAs in the order such amounts were rolled over. Any remaining amounts (including all earnings) are distributed last. Any portion of your distribution which does not meet the criteria for exclusion from gross income may also be subject to a 10% penalty tax. Note that to the extent a distribution would be taxable to you, neither you nor anyone else can qualify for capital gains treatment for amounts distributed from your account. Similarly, you are not entitled to the special five- or ten- year averaging rule for lump-sum distributions that may be available to persons receiving distributions from certain other types of retirement plans. Rather, the taxable portion of any distribution is taxed to you as ordinary income. Your ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ is not subject to taxes on excess distributions or on excess amounts remaining in your account as of your date of death. You must indicate on your distribution request whether federal income taxes should be withheld on a distribution from a ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇. If you do not make a withholding election, we will not withhold federal or state income tax. Note that, for federal tax purposes (for example, for purposes of applying the ordering rules described above), ▇▇▇▇ IRAs are considered separately from Traditional IRAs.
Allocation of Tax Liabilities The provisions of this Section 2 are intended to determine each Company's liability for Taxes with respect to Pre-Distribution Periods. Once the liability has been determined under this Section 2, Section 5 determines the time when payment of the liability is to be made, and whether the payment is to be made to the Tax Authority directly or to another Company.
Refunds and Tax Benefits (a) Except to the extent such refund was accrued as an asset on the Closing Balance Sheet, the Purchaser shall promptly pay to the Seller the amount of any refund or credit (including any interest paid or credited with respect thereto) received or used, in the case of a credit, by the Purchaser or by any Pershing Company of Taxes (i) relating to taxable periods of any Pershing Company or portions thereof ending on or before the Closing Date or (ii) attributable to an amount paid by the Seller under Section 7.01 hereof. The Purchaser shall, if the Seller so requests and at the Seller's expense, cause the relevant entity to file for and use its reasonable best efforts to obtain and expedite the receipt of any refund to which the Seller is entitled under this Section 7.02. The Purchaser shall permit the Seller to participate in (at the Seller's expense) the prosecution of any such refund claim. The Seller shall not be entitled to pursue any refund claim if such claim would increase Taxes payable by any Pershing Company or Purchaser after the Closing unless the Seller shall indemnify Purchaser for such increased Taxes. (b) Any amount otherwise payable by the Seller under Section 7.01 shall be reduced by the estimated present value of any net Tax benefit available to the Purchaser or its Affiliates in connection with the payment of Taxes for which the Seller is responsible under Section 7.01, and increased by the estimated present value of any Tax cost reasonably expected to be incurred by the indemnified party or its Affiliates as the result of the receipt of such indemnity payment. The estimated present value of any net Tax benefit and the estimated present value of any Tax costs referred to in this subsection (and in Section 9.02(e)) shall be computed using the applicable federal rate for the appropriate time period as defined in Section 1274(d)(1) of the Code as the discount rate and a Tax rate for all relevant years of 40%.