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Research Methodology. As explained above, this thesis adopts its theoretical framework from the de facto state literature (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2011; ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2012; ▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2014, 2017; Pegg, 1998, 2017; ▇▇▇▇▇, 2004; ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2014; ▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2006; ▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2014). Through analysing the case of Kurdistan, this study aims to add empirical insights to the nature and dynamics of de facto statehood in the absence of international recognition. This thesis does not set out to offer findings that can be generalized across de facto states. However, chapters 2, 3, and 4 (chapter 5 is under review), which have been published independently in peer-reviewed journals, try to enhance the knowledge of the dynamics and sustainability of de facto states. My research strategy is qualitative, a paradigm useful for explanatory studies (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2012). As this thesis seeks to explain the nature and dynamics of the de facto statehood, it makes sense to establish the foundation of the research on qualitative ground. In addition, this thesis adopts a methodology of case studies. There is an increasing interest in large-N and statistical studies in the recent literature on de facto states (see, for example, ▇▇▇▇▇▇ 2014 and 2020; Toomla, 2016; Comai, 2018), aiming at providing more generalizable conclusions. Despite such initiatives, however, the theoretical discussion is still in its nascent stages (▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al., 2017, p. 4), and a deeper understanding of de facto state dynamics can be gained through novel case studies. Case studies are also important for the building of concepts, such as fluidity, as this thesis tries to build in order to explain the nature of de facto statehood. This method allows us to provide important empirical evidence relevant to existing theories on de facto statehood. Given the nature of de facto states, which are often viewed from a “frozen conflict” perspective, a single case study can contribute to the theory, as well as informing better policy. Though the case of Kurdistan has been recognised as a de facto state, it has not been the focus of recent comparative work on de facto states (see ▇.▇. ▇▇▇▇▇, 2004; ▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2012; ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2012; ▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2013; ▇▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2008; ▇’▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al., 2014; ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2007; ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2012). An in-depth analysis of Kurdistan is useful as an example that necessitates the theoretical modification of existing approaches. The selection of a case study method has four main advantages for this ...
Research Methodology. To analyse the growth processes of technology-based new ventures I conducted a survey among entrepreneurial firms. Due to the large sample size, this method is usually very reliable and enables the researcher to generalise the corresponding findings. The survey in this study has a longitudinal design. This design allows me to track the evolution of dynamic capabilities in a larger sample of entrepreneurial firms as discrete events over time. The survey population comprises a set of German technology-based new ventures that survived a predefined observation period and thus are ex ante considered as successful. All sample firms are located in one region. By focusing on a certain geographical area, I eliminate environmental influences such as infrastructure, access to labour markets, educational and scientific institutions, government support, etc. These effects often have a significant impact on the evolution of start-up firms and may inhibit the comparability of the sample companies. To ensure a large population of entrepreneurial ventures, I chose an innovative cluster for the survey. Innovative clusters facilitate regional entrepreneurial activity (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, and ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ 2001). In fact, entirely new industries such as semiconductors, biotechnology, microcomputers, or information and communication technologies have developed in specific geographic regions (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ 2001). A major source for the foundation of new firms is tacit knowledge. This knowledge is usually developed in regional clusters and cannot be diffused easily across geographic areas (▇▇▇▇▇▇ and von ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇; ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ and ▇▇▇▇▇▇ 2001). The entrepreneurial activity within the cluster is mostly determined by its regional strength (Sternberg 1996). This strength is often influenced by the existence of active research universities, strong local networks, and venture capital (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ 2001). A region with high entrepreneurial activity is the area around Munich. It is considered as “the heartland of the entrepreneurial régime” in Germany (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ and ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ 2002, p. 117). In particular, the biotech cluster at Martinsried, a Munich suburb, still constitutes a major European centre for life sciences (Lehrer and ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇; Lehrer and ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ 2004b). Thus, I decided to limit the population of this study to technology-based new ventures in the Munich region. To show the evolution of dynamic capabilities in technology-based start-ups, the observation period starts with the foundatio...
Research Methodology. With the four research questions in mind, this study follows a research method- ology that consists of five stages. They are: (1) an evaluation of the state of art of the communication technologies and its expectations; (2) a literature review and an analysis of the legal framework, (3) the evaluation of models from other jurisdictions, (4) providing building blocks for a new legal frame- work, and (5) developing a method of determining responsibilities and liabil- ities. To be more specific and by combining the five methodological stages into a research program in which we relate the stages with the RQs, we may provide a scheme (see Figure 1.1).
Research Methodology. As noted in Chapters 1 and 2 this project concerns how mental health trainees approach care and the clinical judgments they make during case conceptualization and treatment planning. When faced with the same patient or client, are professionals’ diagnostic- and treatment-related decisions similar, altogether dissimilar, or do they vary systematically along professional lines? To that end I pose three research questions. First, to what degree do mental health trainees’ approach to care and clinical (i.e., diagnostic and treatment-related) judgments vary? Second, does professional affiliation help explain some of the variability in trainees’ clinical decision making and approach to care? Finally, in what ways is professional affiliation associated with clinical decision making and approach to care among clinical trainees? This study focuses on advanced clinical trainees enrolled in three training programs: Emory’s General Psychiatry Residency program, Emory’s Clinical Psychology program, and University of Georgia’s Master of Social Work program. I employ a mixed- methods triangulation design (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ and Plano ▇▇▇▇▇ 2007), a design used to obtain different yet complementary data on the same topic. The triangulation design involves collecting quantitative and qualitative data concurrently and assigns equal weight to both data sources. I employ the “convergence model” (ibid) of the triangulation mixed- methods design, a model where quantitative and qualitative data are collected separately on the same topic and then the results from each data source are merged during interpretation. The convergence model helps researchers reach valid conclusions about phenomena by gauging larger trends from quantitative data sources and then enriching those findings with the depth and understanding that come from qualitative lines of inquiry. In order to address trainees’ clinical judgments I asked the full population of advanced psychiatry residents and clinical psychology graduate students from Emory University and master’s of social work students from the University of Georgia to participate in evaluating a written case study of a client manifesting symptoms of anxiety and depression. I measured participating trainees’ case conceptualizations and clinical decisions regarding this case via a self-administered survey (the quantitative component). In order to both validate and enrich the survey data on clinical decision making and collect separate information about trainees’ ...
Research Methodology. The activities which took place during task 2 of work package 1 were divided into the following three phases (outlined in Figure 1): Phase 1. Initially, the study and research plan has been discussed and decided among the partners. Search keywords regarding training programs in e-Governance area have been defined, and geographical search areas have been allocated to each partner and the training programs metadata to be collected have been specified. The Workshop and questionnaire design, to include the wider e-Governance community in the study, took place in this phase.
Research Methodology. This Section presents the methodology of our research. The methodology con- cerns four main topics: (5.
3.1) using a case study for iContracts Proactive Data, (5.3.2) the development of an iContracts prototype , (5.3.3) the development of (5 .3.4)
Research Methodology. First, we have developed a running example for verification of our ideas and techniques. During the development, we have refined the research questions as follows:
1. Given a set of architectural information described in a single XML document. How can we use XML transformation to select a subset of this information for a specific architectural view?
2. Is it possible to use XML transformation for visualization? I.e. is it possible to transform an XML document containing an architectural 214 CHAPTER 10. TRANSFORMATIONS description into another XML document containing visual information in terms of boxes, lines, etc.?
3. How can we use XML transformation to perform analyses on an archi- tectural description? At first, we have chosen to specifically look at a specific form of impact analysis: given an entity within the architec- tural description which is considered to be modified or changed, which other entities in the description are possibly influenced by this change? The second step consisted of developing an XML document containing the architectural information of the running example. As a basis for the archi- tectural description, we have used an XML Schema containing the concepts from the ArchiMate metamodel. Thereafter we developed an XML Schema for visualization information and built a model viewer which interprets this visualization information and shows this information on the screen. The aim was to keep the model viewer as “dumb” as possible, in order to make full use of XML transformation techniques for the actual visualization. In the fourth step, we selected a transformation tool, namely the Rule Markup Language(RML), and built the transformation rules for selection, visualization and impact analysis.
Research Methodology. The achievement of the above mentioned objectives was possible through the employment of the following methodologies:
Research Methodology. This research globally focuses on the international law on foreign investment91 as well as relevant aspects of international trade law, 92 public international law and the Sea, entered into force 16 November 1994, 1833 UNTS 3; 21 ILM 1261 (1982), Article 32, ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇; and Article 100 of the Rules of Tribunal (ITLOS/8), as amended on 17 March 2009, available at: ▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇/fileadmin/itlos/documents/basic_texts/Itlos_8_E_17_03_09.pdf (last accessed 06 October 2014). See also E. De Brabandere, infra note 852, at 90; F. O. Vicuña, ‘Individuals and Non-State Entities before International Courts and Tribunals’, (2001) 5 ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Yearbook of United Nations Law 53, at 58.
Research Methodology. Case Studies on succession and restructuration processes in favor of employees (2 per country) Preparatory Stage Main Phase Follow up Stage Progress Report Info-sheets (2 per country) Dynamic Web platform Video-documentary (1)