Common use of The Standard Clause in Contracts

The Standard. 1. The first step of the computations is to determine elemental elapsed times by subtracting successive watch readings. These times are to be recorded in column marked "Individual." 2. Before taking up the summary of the elapsed times, the study should be carefully examined for abnormal values. If any are found, they should be indicated so that they can be readily distinguished and excluded from the summary. No time shall be excluded unless it is noted on the study. No watch readings shall be struck out in the taking of a time study unless a clear explanation of the reason for the exclusion appears on the observation sheet. Strikeouts which are decided upon after the Time Study Observer has left the department will be shown on the Time Study Summary Sheet with the high strikeouts summarized and the low strikeouts summarized and the two totals listed separately. Should there be a dispute as to the number of strikeouts, only those values which are more than one standard deviation above or below the mean may be eliminated. 3. After elimination of abnormal values, the elapsed time for occurrence of each element is added and the average determined. The full decimal, to four (4) places, should be shown in this average. 4. The average time for each element will be leveled to an average or normal time by multiplying by the leveling factor determined by the following chart: SKILL EFFORT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +15 A1 +13 A1 +13 A2 Super +12 A2 Excessive ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +11 B1 +10 B1 + 8 B2 Excellent + 8 B2 Excellent ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + 6 C1 + 5 C1 + 3 C2 Good + 2 C2 Good ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 D Average 0 D Average ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - 5 E1 - 4 E1 -10 E2 Fair - 8 E2 Fair ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -16 ▇▇ -▇▇ ▇▇ -▇▇ ▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ -▇▇ F2 Poor ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CONDITIONS CONSISTENCY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + 6 A Ideal + 4 A Perfect ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + 4 B Excellent + 3 B Excellent ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + 2 C Good + 1 C Good ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 D Average 0 D Average ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - 3 E Fair - 2 E Fair ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - 7 F Poor - 4 F Poor ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- General Rating for Study Skill/Effort/Conditions/Consistency 5. Skill and effort ratings were marked at completion of time study. Conditions and consistency will be marked after subtraction of elapsed time. 6. The next step is to assign several standard allowances to the normalized time for certain factors not taken into consideration by the watch readings. (a) Fatigue refers to the physical exertion required by the task. A minimum fatigue allowance of 5% will be made on all elements of machine and handling time. (b) Personal needs are required since it is necessary for the operator to go to the rest room, or secure drink of water, etc. Minimum allowance 5%. (c) Contingency refers to possible elements in the operation that are reasonably expected to occur but timing and length of occurrence are unpredictable. Lack of material or servicing, minor adjustments and power failures of short duration would be properly appraised as contingency elements. Minimum allowance 5%. (d) Machine-Controlled Allowance refers to all elements that are machine-controlled. A 5% allowance will be applied only to the elements which are machine-controlled. 7. The "allowed time" for each element is determined by adding the allowed time for personal, fatigue, contingencies, (and machine-controlled allowance as may be required) for each element to the normalized time. 8. The "standard time" for the task is determined by adding the allowed time for each element.

The Standard. 1. The first step of the computations is to determine elemental elapsed times by subtracting successive watch readings. These times are to be recorded in column marked "Individual." 2. Before taking up the summary of the elapsed times, the study should be carefully examined for abnormal values. If any are found, they should be indicated so that they can be readily distinguished and excluded from the summary. No time shall be excluded unless it is noted on the study. No watch readings shall be struck out in the taking of a time study unless a clear explanation of the reason for the exclusion appears on the observation sheet. Strikeouts which are decided upon after the Time Study Observer has left the department will be shown on the Time Study Summary Sheet with the high strikeouts summarized and the low strikeouts summarized and the two totals listed separately. Should there be a dispute as to the number of strikeouts, only those values which are more than one standard deviation above or below the mean may be eliminated. 3. After elimination of abnormal values, the elapsed time for occurrence of each element is added and the average determined. The full decimal, to four (4) places, should be shown in this average. 4. The average time for each element will be leveled to an average or normal time by multiplying by the leveling factor determined by the following chart: SKILL EFFORT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------- +15 A1 +13 A1 +13 A2 Super +12 A2 Excessive ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------- +11 B1 +10 B1 + 8 B2 Excellent + 8 +8 B2 Excellent ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------- + 6 C1 + 5 +5 C1 + 3 C2 Good + 2 +2 C2 Good ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------- 0 D Average 0 D Average ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------- - 5 E1 - 4 E1 -10 E2 -4 ▇▇ -▇▇ ▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ -▇ ▇▇ Fair - 8 E2 Fair ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------- -16 ▇▇ -▇▇ ▇▇ -▇▇ ▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ -▇▇ F2 Poor ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ --------------------------------------------------------- CONDITIONS CONSISTENCY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + 6 A Ideal + 4 +4 A Perfect ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------- + 4 B Excellent + 3 +3 B Excellent ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------- + 2 C Good + 1 +1 C Good ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------- 0 D Average 0 D Average ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------- - 3 E ▇ ▇ ▇▇▇▇ -▇ ▇ Fair - 2 E Fair ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------- - 7 F Poor - 4 -4 F Poor ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------- General Rating for Study Skill/Effort/Conditions/ConsistencyConsistency ------------------------------------------------------------ 5. Skill and effort ratings were marked at completion of time study. Conditions and consistency will be marked after subtraction of elapsed time. 6. The next step is to assign several standard allowances to the normalized time for certain factors not taken into consideration by the watch readings. (a) Fatigue refers to the physical exertion required by the task. A minimum fatigue allowance of 5% will be made on all elements of machine and handling time. (b) Personal needs are required since it is necessary for the operator to go to the rest room, or secure drink of water, etc. Minimum allowance 5%. (c) Contingency refers to possible elements in the operation that are reasonably expected to occur but timing and length of occurrence are unpredictable. Lack of material or servicing, minor adjustments and power failures of short duration would be properly appraised as contingency elements. Minimum allowance 5%. (d) Machine-Controlled Allowance refers to all elements that are machine-machine- controlled. A 5% allowance will be applied only to the elements which are machine-controlled. 7. The "allowed time" for each element is determined by adding the allowed time for personal, fatigue, contingencies, (and machine-controlled allowance as may be required) for each element to the normalized time. 8. The "standard time" for the task is determined by adding the allowed time for each element.