Common use of Use of the Name Clause in Contracts

Use of the Name. “The Vanguard Group, Inc.”. The name “The Vanguard Group, Inc.” and any variants thereof and all rights to the use of the name “The Vanguard Group, Inc.” or any variants thereof shall be the sole and exclusive property of The Vanguard Group, Inc. (“VGI”). VGI has permitted the use by the Trust of the identifying word “Vanguard” and the use of the name “Vanguard” as part of the name of the Trust and the name of any Series of Shares. Upon the Trust’s withdrawal from the Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement among the Trust, the other investment companies within the Vanguard Group of Investment Companies and VGI, and upon the written request of VGI, the Trust and any Series of Shares thereof shall cease to use or in any way to refer to itself as related to “The Vanguard Group, Inc.” or any variant thereof.

Use of the Name. “The Vanguard Group, Inc.”". The name “"The Vanguard Group, Inc.” " and any variants thereof and all rights to the use of the name “"The Vanguard Group, Inc.” " or any variants thereof shall be the sole and exclusive property of The Vanguard Group, Inc. (“"VGI”"). VGI has permitted the use by the Trust of the identifying word “"Vanguard” " and the use of the name “"Vanguard” " as part of the name of the Trust and the name of any Series of Shares. Upon the Trust’s 's withdrawal from the Amended and Restated Funds’ ' Service Agreement among the Trust, the other investment companies within the Vanguard Group of Investment Companies and VGI, and upon the written request of VGI, the Trust and any Series of Shares thereof shall cease to use or in any way to refer to itself as related to “"The Vanguard Group, Inc.” " or any variant thereof.

Use of the Name. “THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.". The name "The Vanguard Group, Inc.”. The name “The Vanguard Group, Inc.” " and any variants thereof and all rights to the use of the name “"The Vanguard Group, Inc.” " or any variants thereof shall be the sole and exclusive property of The Vanguard Group, Inc. (“"VGI”"). VGI has permitted the use by the Trust of the identifying word “"Vanguard” " and the use of the name “"Vanguard” " as part of the name of the Trust and the name of any Series of Shares. Upon the Trust’s 's withdrawal from the Amended and Restated Funds’ ' Service Agreement among the Trust, the other investment companies within the Vanguard Group of Investment Companies and VGI, and upon the written request of VGI, the Trust and any Series of Shares thereof shall cease to use or in any way to refer to itself as related to “"The Vanguard Group, Inc.” " or any variant thereof.

Use of the Name. “The Vanguard Group, Inc.”. The name “The 107932, v0.8 18 Vanguard Internal Use Only Vanguard Group, Inc.” and any variants thereof and all rights to the use of the name “The Vanguard Group, Inc.” or any variants thereof shall be the sole and exclusive property of The Vanguard Group, Inc. (“VGI”). VGI has permitted the use by the Trust of the identifying word “Vanguard” and the use of the name “Vanguard” as part of the name of the Trust and the name of any Series of Shares. Upon the Trust’s withdrawal from the Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement among the Trust, the other investment companies within the Vanguard Group of Investment Companies and VGI, and upon the written request of VGI, the Trust and any Series of Shares thereof shall cease to use or in any way to refer to itself as related to “The Vanguard Group, Inc.” or any variant thereof.