THE ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ INVESTMENT FUND
(A Delaware Business Trust)
TRUST INSTRUMENT
Dated October 1, 1997
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page
ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS.......................................... 1
ARTICLE II THE TRUSTEES......................................... 2
Section 1. Management of the Trust................................ 2
Section 2. Initial Trustees and Number of Trustees................ 2
Section 3. Term of Office of Trustees............................. 2
Section 4. Vacancies; Appointment of Trustees..................... 2
Section 5. Temporary Vacancy or Absence........................... 3
Section 6. Chairman............................................... 3
Section 7. Action by the Trustees................................. 3
Section 8. Ownership of Trust Property............................ 3
Section 9. Effect of Trustees Not Serving......................... 4
Section 10. Trustees, Etc. as Holders.............................. 4
ARTICLE III POWERS OF THE TRUSTEES............................... 4
Section 1. Powers................................................. 4
Section 2. Certain Transactions................................... 7
ARTICLE IV SERIES; CLASSES; SHARES.............................. 7
Section 1. Establishment of Series................................ 7
Section 2. Shares................................................. 7
Section 3. Investment in the Trust................................ 8
Section 4. ▇▇▇▇▇▇ and Liabilities of Series....................... 8
Section 5. Ownership and Transfer of Shares....................... 9
Section 6. Status of Interests: Limitation of Holder
Liability............................................ 9
ARTICLE V DISTRIBUTIONS AND REDEMPTIONS........................ 9
Section 1. Distributions.......................................... 9
Section 2. Redemptions............................................ 10
Section 3. Determination of Net Asset Value........................10
Section 4. Suspension of Right of Redemption.......................10
Section 5. Redemptions Necessary for Qualification
as Regulated Investment Company.................10
ARTICLE VI SHAREHOLDERS' VOTING POWERS AND MEETINGS............. 11
Section 1. Voting Powers.......................................... 11
Section 2. Meetings of Shareholders............................... 11
Section 3. Quorum; Required Vote.................................. 11
ARTICLE VII CONTRACTS WITH SERVICE PROVIDERS..................... 12
Section 1. Investment Adviser..................................... 12
Section 2. Principal Underwriter.................................. 12
Section 3. Transfer Agency, Shareholder Services
and Administration Agreements........................ 12
Section 4. Custodian.............................................. 13
Section 5. Parties to Contracts with Service
Providers............................................ 13
ARTICLE VIII EXPENSES OF THE TRUST AND SERIES..................... 13
ARTICLE IX LIMITATION OF LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION.......... 14
Section 1. Limitation of Liability................................ 14
Section 2. Indemnification........................................ 14
Section 3. Indemnification of Shareholders........................ 15
ARTICLE X MISCELLANEOUS........................................ 16
Section 1. Trust Not a Partnership................................ 16
Section 2. Trustee Action; Expert Advice; No Bond
or Surety........................................ 16
Section 3. Record Dates........................................... 16
Section 4. Termination of the Trust............................... 16
Section 5. Reorganization; ▇▇▇▇▇▇; Consolidation.................. 17
Section 6. Trust Instrument....................................... 17
Section 7. Applicable Law......................................... 17
Section 8. Amendments............................................. 18
Section 9. Fiscal Year............................................ 18
Section 10. Severability.......................................... 18
Section 11. Use of the Name "▇▇▇▇▇▇▇"............................. 18
THE ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ INVESTMENT TRUST
TRUST INSTRUMENT
This TRUST INSTRUMENT is made on October 1, 1997, by the Trustees, to
establish a business trust under the law of Delaware for the investment and
reinvestment of funds contributed to the Trust by investors. The Trustees
declare that all money and property contributed to the Trust shall be held and
managed in trust pursuant to this Trust Instrument. The name of the Trust
created by this Trust Instrument is The ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Investment Fund.
ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS
Unless otherwise provided or required by the context:
(a) "Bylaws" means the Bylaws of the Trust adopted by the Trustees,
which Bylaws are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety, as amended
from time to time;
(b) "Class" means the class of Shares of a Series established pursuant
to Article IV;
(c) "Code" means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from
time to time, and the rules and regulations thereunder, as adopted or amended
from time to time;
(d) "Commission," "Interested Person," and "Principal Underwriter"
have the meanings provided in the 1940 Act;
(e) "Covered Person" means a person so defined in Article IX, Section
2;
(f) "Delaware Act" means Chapter 38 of Title 12 of the Delaware Code
entitled "Treatment of Delaware Business Trusts," as amended from time to time;
(g) "Majority Shareholder Vote" means "the vote of a majority of the
outstanding voting securities" as defined in the 1940 Act;
(h) "Outstanding Shares" means Shares shown in the books of the Trust
or its transfer agent as then outstanding;
(i) "Series" means a series of Shares established pursuant to Article
IV;
(j) "Shareholder" means a record owner of Outstanding Shares;
(k) "Shares" mean the equal proportionate transferable units of
interest into which the beneficial interest of each Series or Class is divided
from time to time (including whole Shares and fractions of Shares)
(l) "Trust" means The ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Investment Fund established hereby, and
reference to the Trust, when applicable to one or more Series, refers to that
Series;
(m) "Trustees" means the persons who have signed this Trust
Instrument, so long as they shall continue in office in accordance with the
terms hereof, and all other persons who may from time to time be duly qualified
and serving as Trustees in accordance with Article II, in all cases in their
capacities as Trustees hereunder;
(n) "Trust Property" means any and all property, real or personal,
tangible or intangible, which is owned or held by or for the Trust or the
Trustees on behalf of the Trust or any Series;
(o) The "1940 Act" means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as
amended from time to time.
ARTICLE II
THE TRUSTEES
Section 1. Management of the Trust. The business and affairs of the
Trust shall be managed by or under the direction of the Trustees, and they shall
have all powers necessary or desirable to carry out that responsibility. The
Trustees may execute all instruments and take all action they deem necessary or
desirable to promote the interests of the Trust. Any determination made by the
Trustees in good faith as to what is in the interests of the Trust shall be
conclusive.
Section 2. Initial Trustees and Number of Trustees. The initial
Trustees shall be the persons signing this Trust Instrument. The exact number of
Trustees (other than the initial Trustees) shall be fixed from time to time by a
majority of the Trustees, provided, that there shall be at least two (2)
Trustees. Other than the initial Trustees and Trustees appointed to fill
vacancies pursuant to Section 4 of this Article, the Shareholders shall elect
the Trustees on such dates as the Trustees may fix from time to time.
Section 3. Term of Office of Trustees. Each Trustee shall hold office
for life or until his successor is elected and qualified or the Trust
terminates; except that (a) any Trustee may resign by delivering to the other
Trustees or to any Trust officer a written resignation effective upon such
delivery or a later date specified therein; (b) any Trustee who requests to be
retired, or who has become physically or mentally incapacitated or is otherwise
unable to serve, may be retired by a written instrument signed by a majority of
the other Trustees, specifying the effective date of retirement; (c) any Trustee
shall be retired or removed with or without cause at any time upon the unanimous
written request of the remaining Trustees; and (d) any Trustee may be removed at
any meeting of the Shareholders by a vote of at least two-thirds of the
Outstanding Shares.
Section 4. Vacancies; Appointment of Trustees. Whenever a vacancy
shall exist, regardless of the reason for such vacancy, the remaining Trustees
shall appoint any person as they determine in their sole discretion to fill that
vacancy, consistent with the limitations under the 1940 Act. Such appointment
shall be made by a written instrument signed by a majority of the Trustees or by
a resolution of the Trustees, duly adopted and recorded in the records of the
Trust, specifying the effective date of the appointment. The Trustees may
appoint a new Trustee as provided above in anticipation of a vacancy expected to
occur because of the retirement, resignation or removal of a Trustee, or an
increase in number of Trustees, provided that such appointment shall become
effective only at or after the expected vacancy occurs. As soon as any such
Trustee has accepted his or her appointment in writing, the Trust estate shall
vest in the new Trustee, together with the continuing Trustees, without any
further act or conveyance, and he or she shall be deemed a Trustee hereunder.
Section 5. Temporary Vacancy or Absence. Whenever a vacancy in the
Trustees shall occur, until such vacancy is filled, or while any Trustee is
absent from his domicile (unless that Trustee has made arrangements to be
informed about, and to participate in, the affairs of the Trust during such
absence), or is physically or mentally incapacitated, the remaining Trustees
shall have all the powers hereunder and their certificate as to such vacancy,
absence or incapacity shall be conclusive. Any Trustee may, by power of
attorney, delegate his powers as Trustee for a period not to exceed six (6)
months, unless otherwise extended for one or more additional consecutive six (6)
month periods, to any other Trustee or Trustees.
Section 6. Chairman. The Trustees shall appoint one of their number to
be Chairman of the Trustees. The Chairman shall preside at all meetings of the
Trustees, shall be responsible for the execution of policies established by the
Trustees and the administration of the Trust.
Section 7. Action by the Trustees. The Trustees shall act by majority
vote at a meeting duly called (including at a telephonic meeting at which all
participants can hear one another, unless the 1940 Act requires that a
particular action be taken only at a meeting of the Trustees in person) at which
a quorum is present or by written consent of a majority of Trustees (or such
greater number as may be required by applicable law) without a meeting.
One-third of the Trustees shall constitute a quorum at any meeting. Meetings of
the Trustees may be called orally or in writing by the Chairman of the Trustees
or by any two other Trustees. Notice of the time, date and place of all Trustees
meetings shall be given to each Trustee by telephone, facsimile or other
electronic mechanism sent to his home or business address at least twenty-four
hours in advance of the meeting or by written notice mailed to his home or
business address at least seventy-two hours in advance of the meeting. Notice
need not be given to any Trustee who attends the meeting without objecting to
the lack of notice or who signs a waiver of notice either before, at or after
the meeting. Subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act, the Trustees by
majority vote may delegate to any Trustee or Trustees authority to approve
particular matters or take particular actions on behalf of the Trust. Any
written consent or waiver may be provided and delivered to the Trust by
facsimile or other similar electronic mechanism.
Section 8. Ownership of Trust Property. The Trust Property of the
Trust and of each Series shall be held separate and apart from any assets now or
hereafter held in any capacity other than as Trustee hereunder by the Trustees
or any successor Trustees. All of the Trust Property and legal title thereto
shall at all times be considered as vested in the Trust, provided that the
Trustees may cause legal title to any Trust Property to be held by or in the
name of the Trustees acting on behalf of the Trust, or in the name of any person
as nominee. No Shareholder shall be deemed to have a severable ownership in any
individual asset of the Trust or of any Series or any right of partition or
possession thereof, but each Shareholder shall have, as provided in Article IV,
a proportionate undivided beneficial interest in the Trust or Series represented
by Shares. The Trust or the Trustees on behalf of the Trust shall be deemed to
hold legal and beneficial ownership of any income earned on securities held by
the Trust issued by any business entity formed, organized or existing under the
laws of any jurisdiction other than a state, commonwealth, possession or colony
of the United States or the laws of the United States.
Section 9. Effect of Trustees Not Serving. The death, resignation,
retirement, removal, incapacity or inability or refusal to serve of the
Trustees, or any one of them, shall not operate to annul the Trust or to revoke
any existing agency created pursuant to the terms of this Trust Instrument.
Section 10. Trustees, Etc. as Shareholders. Subject to any
restrictions in the Bylaws, any Trustee, officer, agent or independent
contractor of the Trust may acquire, own and dispose of Shares to the same
extent as any other Shareholder, and the Trustees may issue and sell Shares to
and buy Shares from any such person or any firm or company in which such person
is interested, subject only to any general limitations herein.
ARTICLE III
POWERS OF THE TRUSTEES
Section 1. Powers. The Trustees in all instances shall act as
principals, free of the control of the Shareholders. The Trustees shall have
full power and authority to take or refrain from taking any action and to
execute any contracts and instruments that they may consider necessary or
desirable in the management of the Trust. The Trustees shall not in any way be
bound or limited by current or future laws or customs applicable to trust
investments, but shall have full power and authority to make any investments
which they, in their sole discretion, deem proper to accomplish the purposes of
the Trust. The Trustees may exercise all of their powers without recourse to any
court or other authority. Subject to any applicable limitation herein or in the
Bylaws or resolutions of the Trust, the Trustees shall have power and authority,
without limitation:
(a) To invest and reinvest cash and other property, and to hold cash
or other property uninvested, without in any event being bound or limited by any
current or future law or custom concerning investments by trustees, and to sell,
exchange, lend, pledge, mortgage, hypothecate, write options on and lease any or
all of the Trust Property; to invest in obligations, securities and assets of
any kind, and without regard to whether they may mature before or after the
possible termination of the Trust; and without limitation to invest all or any
part of its cash and other assets and property in securities issued by any
investment company or series thereof;
(b) To operate as and carry on the business of an investment company,
and exercise all the powers necessary and proper to conduct such a business;
(c) To adopt Bylaws not inconsistent with this Trust Instrument
providing for the conduct of the business of the Trust and to amend and repeal
them to the extent such right is not reserved to the Shareholders;
(d) To elect and remove such officers and appoint and terminate such
agents, independent contractors and delegates as they deem appropriate;
(e) To employ an investment adviser (subject to such general or
specific instruments as the Trustees may from time to time adopt) to effect
purchases, sales, loans or exchanges of Trust Property on behalf of the Trustees
or may authorize any officer, employee or Trustee to effect such purchases,
sales, loans or exchanges pursuant to recommendations of any such investment
adviser;
(f) To employ as custodian of any Trust Property, subject to any
provisions herein or in the Bylaws, one or more banks, trust companies or
companies that are members of a national securities exchange, or other entities
permitted by the Commission to serve as such;
(g) To retain one or more transfer agents, dividend disbursing agents,
placement agents, administrators, or Shareholder servicing agents, or both;
(h) To provide for the distribution of Shares, either through a
Principal Underwriter or distributor as provided herein, or by the Trust itself,
or both, or pursuant to a distribution plan of any kind;
(i) To set record dates in the manner provided for herein or in the
Bylaws;
(j) To delegate such authority as they consider desirable to any
officers of the Trust and to any agent, subagent, independent contractor,
delegate, manager, investment adviser, custodian or underwriter;
(k) To sell or exchange any or all of the Trust Property;
(l) To vote or give assent, or exercise any rights of ownership, with
respect to securities or other property; and to execute and deliver powers of
attorney delegating such power to other persons;
(m) To exercise powers and rights of subscription or otherwise which
in any manner arise out of ownership of securities;
(n) To hold any security or other Trust Property (i) in a form not
indicating any trust, whether in bearer, book entry, unregistered or other
negotiable form, or (ii) either in the Trust's or Trustees' own name or in the
name of a custodian or a nominee or nominees, subject to safeguards according to
the usual practice of business trusts or investment companies;
(o) To establish separate and distinct Series with separately defined
investment objectives, policies or restrictions and distinct investment
purposes, and with separate Shares representing beneficial interests in such
Series, and to establish separate Classes, all in accordance with the provisions
of Article IV;
(p) To the full extent permitted by Section 3806 of the Delaware Act,
to allocate assets, liabilities and expenses of the Trust to a particular Series
and liabilities and expenses to a particular Class or to apportion the same
between or among two or more Series or Classes, provided that any liabilities or
expenses incurred by a particular Series or Class shall be payable solely out of
the assets belonging to that Series or Class as provided for in Article IV,
Section 4;
(q) To consent to or participate in any plan for the liquidation,
reorganization, consolidation or merger of any corporation or concern whose
securities are held by the Trust; to consent to any contract, lease, mortgage,
purchase or sale of property by such corporation or concern; and to pay calls or
subscriptions with respect to any security held by the Trust;
(r) To compromise, arbitrate or otherwise adjust claims in favor of or
against the Trust or any matter in controversy including, but not limited to,
claims for taxes;
(s) To make distributions of income and of capital gains to
Shareholders in the manner provided in this Trust Instrument or in the Bylaws;
(t) To borrow money and in connection therewith to issue notes or
other evidences of indebtedness and to pledge or grant security interests in
Trust Property as security therefor;
(u) To establish committees for such purposes, with such membership,
and with such responsibilities, as the Trustees may consider proper;
(v) To issue, sell, repurchase, redeem, cancel, retire, acquire, hold,
resell, reissue, dispose of and otherwise deal in Shares; to establish terms and
conditions regarding the issuance, sale, repurchase, redemption, cancellation,
retirement, acquisition, holding, resale, reissuance, disposition of or dealing
in Shares; and, subject to Articles IV and V, to apply to any such repurchase,
redemption, retirement, cancellation or acquisition of Shares any funds or
property of the Trust or of the particular Series with respect to which such
Shares are issued;
(w) To adopt, establish and carry out pension, profit-sharing, share
bonus, share purchase, savings, thrift and other retirement, incentive and
benefit plans, trusts and provisions, including the purchasing of life insurance
and annuity contracts as a means of providing such retirement and other
benefits, for any or all of the Trustees, officers, employees and agents of the
Trust;
(x) To sell all or a portion of the Shares to another investment
company that is registered under the 1940 Act, in the Trustees' sole discretion,
without the vote or approval of any Shareholder or Shareholders, notwithstanding
any other provision of this Trust Instrument or the Bylaws to the contrary; and
(y) To carry on any other business in connection with or incidental to
any of the foregoing powers, to do everything necessary or desirable to
accomplish any purpose or to further any of the foregoing powers, and to take
every other action incidental to the foregoing business or purposes, objects or
powers.
The clauses above shall be construed as objects and powers, and the
enumeration of specific powers shall not limit in any way the general powers of
the Trustees. Any action by one or more of the Trustees in their capacity as
such hereunder shall be deemed an action on behalf of the Trust or the
applicable Series, and not an action in an individual capacity. No one dealing
with the Trustees shall be under any obligation to make any inquiry concerning
the authority of the Trustees, or to see to the application of any payments made
or property transferred to the Trustees or upon their order. In construing this
Trust Instrument, the presumption shall be in favor of a grant of power to the
Trustees.
Section 2. Certain Transactions. Except as prohibited by applicable
law, the Trustees may, on behalf of the Trust, buy any securities from or sell
any securities to, or lend any assets of the Trust to, any Trustee or officer of
the Trust or any firm of which any such Trustee or officer is a member acting as
principal, or have any such dealings with any investment adviser, administrator,
distributor or transfer agent for the Trust or with any Interested Person of
such person. The Trust may employ any such person or entity in which such person
is an Interested Person, as broker, legal counsel, registrar, investment
adviser, administrator, distributor, transfer agent, dividend disbursing agent,
custodian or in any other capacity upon customary terms.
ARTICLE IV
SERIES; CLASSES; SHARES
Section 1. Establishment of Series or Classes. The Trust shall consist
of one or more Series. The Trustees hereby establish the Series listed in
Schedule A attached hereto and made a part hereof. Each additional Series shall
be established by the adoption of a resolution of the Trustees. The Trustees may
designate the relative rights and preferences of the Shares of each Series. The
Trustees may divide the Shares of any Series into Classes. In such case each
Class of a Series shall represent interests in the assets of that Series and
have identical voting, dividend, liquidation and other rights and the same terms
and conditions, except that expenses allocated to a Class may be borne solely by
such Class as determined by the Trustees and a Class may have exclusive voting
rights with respect to matters affecting only that Class. The Trust shall
maintain separate and distinct records for each Series and hold and account for
the assets thereof separately from the other assets of the Trust or of any other
Series. A Series may issue any number of Shares and need not issue Shares. Each
Share of a Series shall represent an equal beneficial interest in the net assets
of such Series. Each holder of Shares of a Series shall be entitled to receive
his pro rata share of all distributions made with respect to such Series. Upon
redemption of his Shares, such Shareholder shall be paid solely out of the funds
and property of such Series. The Trustees may change the name of any Series or
Class. At any time that there are no Shares outstanding of any particular Series
previously established and designated, the Trustees may by a majority vote
abolish that Series and rescind the establishment and designation thereof.
Section 2. Shares. The beneficial interest in the Trust shall be
divided into Shares of one or more separate and distinct Series or Classes
established by the Trustees. The number of Shares of each Series and Class is
unlimited and each Share shall have a par value of $0.001 per Share. All Shares
issued hereunder shall be fully paid and nonassessable. Shareholders shall have
no preemptive or other right to subscribe to any additional Shares or other
securities issued by the Trust. The Trustees shall have full power and
authority, in their sole discretion and without obtaining Shareholder approval:
to issue original or additional Shares at such times and on such terms and
conditions as they deem appropriate; to issue fractional Shares and Shares held
in the treasury; to establish and to change in any manner Shares of any Series
or Classes with such preferences, terms of conversion, voting powers, rights and
privileges as the Trustees may determine (but the Trustees may not change
Outstanding Shares in a manner materially adverse to the Shareholders of such
Shares); to divide or combine the Shares of any Series or Classes into a greater
or lesser number; to classify or reclassify any unissued Shares of any Series or
Classes into one or more Series or Classes of Shares; to abolish any one or more
Series or Classes of Shares; to issue Shares to acquire other assets (including
assets subject to, and in connection with, the assumption of liabilities) and
businesses; and to take such other action with respect to the Shares as the
Trustees may deem desirable. Shares held in the treasury shall not confer any
voting rights on the Trustees and shall not be entitled to any dividends or
other distributions declared with respect to the Shares.
Section 3. Investment in the Trust. The Trustees shall accept
investments in any Series from such persons and on such terms as they may from
time to time authorize. At the Trustees' discretion, such investments, subject
to applicable law, may be in the form of cash or securities in which that Series
is authorized to invest, valued as provided in Article V, Section 3. Investments
in a Series shall be credited to each Shareholder's account in the form of full
Shares at the Net Asset Value per Share next determined after the investment is
received or accepted as may be determined by the Trustees; provided, however,
that the Trustees may, in their sole discretion, (a) impose a sales charge upon
investments in any Series or Class, (b) issue fractional Shares, or (c)
determine the Net Asset Value per Share of the initial capital contribution. The
Trustees shall have the right to refuse to accept investments in any Series at
any time without any cause or reason therefor whatsoever.
Section 4. Assets and Liabilities of Series. All consideration
received by the Trust for the issue or sale of Shares of a particular Series,
together with all assets in which such consideration is invested or reinvested,
all income, earnings, profits, and proceeds thereof (including any proceeds
derived from the sale, exchange or liquidation of such assets, and any funds or
payments derived from any reinvestment of such proceeds in whatever form the
same may be), shall be held and accounted for separately from the other assets
of the Trust and every other Series and are referred to as "assets belonging to"
that Series. The assets belonging to a Series shall belong only to that Series
for all purposes, and to no other Series, subject only to the rights of
creditors of that Series. Any assets, income, earnings, profits, and proceeds
thereof, funds, or payments which are not readily identifiable as belonging to
any particular Series shall be allocated by the Trustees between and among one
or more Series as the Trustees deem fair and equitable. Each such allocation
shall be conclusive and binding upon the Shareholders of all Series for all
purposes, and such assets, earnings, income, profits or funds, or payments and
proceeds thereof shall be referred to as assets belonging to that Series. The
assets belonging to a Series shall be so recorded upon the books of the Trust,
and shall be held by the Trustees in trust for the benefit of the Shareholders
of that Series. The assets belonging to a Series shall be charged with the
liabilities of that Series and all expenses, costs, charges and reserves
attributable to that Series, except that liabilities and expenses allocated
solely to a particular Class shall be borne by that Class. Any general
liabilities, expenses, costs, charges or reserves of the Trust which are not
readily identifiable as belonging to any particular Series or Class shall be
allocated and charged by the Trustees between or among any one or more of the
Series or Classes in such manner as the Trustees deem fair and equitable. Each
such allocation shall be conclusive and binding upon the Shareholders of all
Series or Classes for all purposes.
Without limiting the foregoing, but subject to the right of the
Trustees to allocate general liabilities, expenses, costs, charges or reserves
as herein provided, the debts, liabilities, obligations and expenses incurred,
contracted for or otherwise existing with respect to a particular Series shall
be enforceable against the assets of such Series only, and not against the
assets of the Trust generally or of any other Series. Notice of this contractual
limitation on liabilities among Series may, in the Trustees' discretion, be set
forth in the certificate of trust of the Trust (whether originally or by
amendment) as filed or to be filed in the Office of the Secretary of State of
the State of Delaware pursuant to the Delaware Act, and upon the giving of such
notice in the certificate of trust, the statutory provisions of Section 3806 of
the Delaware Act relating to limitations on liabilities among Series (and the
statutory effect under Section 3806 of setting forth such notice in the
certificate of trust) shall become applicable to the Trust and each Series. Any
person extending credit to, contracting with or having any claim against any
Series may look only to the assets of that Series to satisfy or enforce any
debt, liability, obligation or expense incurred, contracted for or otherwise
existing with respect to that Series. No Shareholder or former Shareholder of
any Series shall have a claim on or any right to any assets allocated or
belonging to any other Series.
Section 5. Ownership and Transfer of Shares. The Trust shall maintain
a register containing the names and addresses of the Shareholders of each
Series, the number of Shares of each Series and Class thereof, and a record of
all Share transfers. The register shall be conclusive as to the identity of
Shareholders of record and the Shares held by them from time to time. The
Trustees may authorize the issuance of certificates representing Shares and
adopt rules governing their use. The Trustees may make rules governing the
transfer of Shares, whether or not represented by certificates.
Section 6. Status of Shares: Limitation of Shareholder Liability.
Shares shall be deemed to be personal property giving Shareholders only the
rights provided in this Trust Instrument. Every Shareholder, by virtue of having
acquired an Share, shall be held expressly to have assented to and agreed to be
bound by the terms of this Trust Instrument. No Shareholder shall be personally
liable for the debts, liabilities, obligations and expenses incurred by,
contracted for, or otherwise existing with respect to, the Trust or any Series.
Neither the Trust nor the Trustees shall have any power to bind any Shareholder
personally or to demand payment from any Shareholder for anything, other than as
agreed by the Shareholder. Shareholders shall have the same limitation of
personal liability as is extended to shareholders of a private corporation for
profit incorporated in the State of Delaware. Every written obligation of the
Trust or any Series shall contain a statement to the effect that such obligation
may only be enforced against the assets of the Trust or such Series; however,
the omission of such statement shall not operate to bind or create personal
liability for any Shareholder or Trustee.
ARTICLE V
DISTRIBUTIONS AND REDEMPTIONS
Section 1. Distributions. The Trustees may declare and pay dividends
and other distributions, including dividends on Shares of a particular Series
and other distributions from the assets belonging to that Series. The amount and
payment of dividends or distributions and their form, whether they are in cash,
Shares or other Trust Property, shall be determined by the Trustees. Dividends
and other distributions may be paid pursuant to a standing resolution adopted
once or more often as the Trustees determine. All dividends and other
distributions on Shares of a particular Series shall be distributed pro rata to
the Shareholders of that Series in proportion to the number of Shares of that
Series they held on the record date established for such payment, except that
such dividends and distributions shall appropriately reflect expenses allocated
to a particular Class of such Series. The Trustees may adopt and offer to
Shareholders such dividend reinvestment plans, cash dividend payout plans or
similar plans as the Trustees deem appropriate.
Section 2. Redemptions. Each Shareholder of a Series shall have the
right at such times as may be permitted by the Trustees to require the Series to
redeem all or any part of his Shares at a redemption price per Share equal to
the Net Asset Value per Share at such time as the Trustees shall have prescribed
by resolution. In the absence of such resolution, the redemption price per Share
shall be the Net Asset Value next determined after receipt by the Series of a
request for redemption in proper form less such charges as are determined by the
Trustees and described in the Trust's Registration Statement for that Series
under the Securities Act of 1933. The Trustees may specify conditions, prices,
and places of redemption, and may specify binding requirements for the proper
form or forms of requests for redemption. Payment of the redemption price may be
wholly or partly in securities or other assets at the value of such securities
or assets used in such determination of Net Asset Value, or may be in cash. Upon
redemption, Shares may be reissued from time to time. The Trustees may require
Shareholders to redeem Shares for any reason under terms set by the Trustees,
including the failure of a Shareholder to supply a personal identification
number if required to do so, or to have the minimum investment required, or to
pay when due for the purchase of Shares issued to him. To the extent permitted
by law, the Trustees may retain the proceeds of any redemption of Shares
required by them for payment of amounts due and owing by a Shareholder to the
Trust or any Series or Class. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Trustees may
postpone payment of the redemption price and may suspend the right of the
Shareholders to require any Series or Class to redeem Shares during any period
of time when and to the extent permissible under the 1940 Act.
Section 3. Determination of Net Asset Value. The Trustees shall cause
the Net Asset Value of Shares of each Series or Class to be determined from time
to time in a manner consistent with applicable laws and regulations. The
Trustees may delegate the power and duty to determine Net Asset Value per Share
to one or more Trustees or officers of the Trust or to a custodian, depository
or other agent appointed for such purpose. The Net Asset Value of Shares shall
be determined separately for each Series or Class at such times as may be
prescribed by the Trustees or, in the absence of action by the Trustees, as of
the close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange on each day for all or part
of which such Exchange is open for unrestricted trading.
Section 4. Suspension of Right of Redemption. If, as referred to in
Section 2 of this Article, the Trustees postpone payment of the redemption price
and suspend the right of Shareholders to redeem their Shares, such suspension
shall take effect at the time the Trustees shall specify, but not later than the
close of business on the business day next following the declaration of
suspension. Thereafter Shareholders shall have no right of redemption or payment
until the Trustees declare the end of the suspension. If the right of redemption
is suspended, a Shareholder may either withdraw his request for redemption or
receive payment based on the Net Asset Value per Share next determined after the
suspension terminates.
Section 5. Redemptions Necessary for Qualification as Regulated
Investment Company. If the Trustees shall determine that direct or indirect
ownership of Shares of any Series has or may become concentrated in any person
to an extent which would disqualify any Series as a regulated investment company
under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended or superseded from time to
time ("Internal Revenue Code"), then the Trustees shall have the power (but not
the obligation) by lot or other means they deem equitable to (a) call for
redemption by any such person of a number, or principal amount, of Shares
sufficient to maintain or bring the direct or indirect ownership of Shares into
conformity with the requirements for such qualification and (b) refuse to
transfer or issue Shares to any person whose acquisition of Shares in question
would, in the Trustees' judgment, result in such disqualification. Any such
redemption shall be effected at the redemption price and in the manner provided
in this Article. Shareholders shall upon demand disclose to the Trustees in
writing such information concerning direct and indirect ownership of Shares as
the Trustees deem necessary to comply with the requirements of any taxing
authority.
ARTICLE VI
SHAREHOLDERS' VOTING POWERS AND MEETINGS
Section 1. Voting Powers. The Shareholders shall have power to vote
only with respect to (a) the election of Trustees; (b) the removal of Trustees;
(c) the amendment of this Trust Instrument to the extent and as provided in
Article X, Section 8; and (d) such additional matters relating to the Trust as
may be required by law, this Trust Instrument, or the Bylaws or any registration
of the Trust with the Commission or any State, or as the Trustees may consider
desirable.
On any matter submitted to a vote of the Shareholders, all Shares
shall be voted by individual Series or Class, except (a) when required by the
1940 Act, Shares shall be voted in the aggregate and not by individual Series or
Class, and (b) when the Trustees have determined that the matter affects the
interests of more than one Series or Class, then the Shareholders of all such
Series or Classes shall be entitled to vote thereon. Each whole Share shall be
entitled to one vote as to any matter on which it is entitled to vote, and each
fractional Share shall be entitled to a proportionate fractional vote. There
shall be no cumulative voting in the election of Trustees. Shares may be voted
in person or by proxy or in any manner provided for in the Bylaws. The Bylaws
may provide that proxies may be given by any electronic or telecommunications
device or in any other manner, but if a proposal by anyone other than the
officers or Trustees is submitted to a vote of the Shareholders of any Series or
Class, or if there is a proxy contest or proxy solicitation or proposal in
opposition to any proposal by the officers or Trustees, Shares may be voted only
in person or by written proxy. Until Shares of a Series are issued, as to that
Series, the Trustees may exercise all rights of Shareholders and may take any
action required or permitted to be taken by Shareholders by law, this Trust
Instrument or the Bylaws.
Section 2. Meetings of Shareholders. The first Shareholders' meeting
shall be held to elect Trustees at such time and place as the Trustees
designate, provided, however, that such election may be accomplished by the
Shareholders' written consent. Special meetings of the Shareholders of any
Series or Class may be called by the Trustees and shall be called by the
Trustees upon the written request of Shareholders owning at least ten percent
(10%) of the Outstanding Shares of such Series entitled to vote. Shareholders
shall be entitled to at least ten days notice of any meeting, given as
determined by the Trustees.
Section 3. Quorum; Required Vote. One third of the Outstanding Shares
of each Series or Class, or one third of the Outstanding Shares of the Trust,
entitled to vote in person or by proxy shall be a quorum for the transaction of
business at a Shareholders meeting with respect to such Series or Class, or with
respect to the entire Trust, respectively. Except when a larger vote is required
by law, this Trust Instrument or the Bylaws, at any meeting at which a quorum is
present, a majority of the total Shares voted in person or by proxy shall decide
any matters to be voted upon with respect to the entire Trust and a plurality of
such Shares shall elect a Trustee; provided, that if this Trust Instrument or
applicable law permits or requires that Shares be voted on any matter by
individual Series or Classes, then a majority of the Shares of that Series or
Class (or, if required by law, a Majority Shareholder Vote of that Series) voted
in person or by proxy on the matter shall decide that matter insofar as that
Series or Class is concerned. Shareholders may act as to the Trust or any Series
or Class by the written consent of a majority (or such greater amount as may be
required by applicable law) of the Outstanding Shares of the Trust or of such
Series or Class, as the case may be.
Notwithstanding any other provision herein or in the Bylaws, any
meeting of Shareholders, whether or not a quorum is present, may be adjourned
from time to time by the vote of the majority of the total Shares represented at
that meeting, either in person or by proxy. Any adjourned session of a meeting
of Shareholders may be held within a reasonable time without further notice.
ARTICLE VII
CONTRACTS WITH SERVICE PROVIDERS
Section 1. Investment Adviser. Subject to a Majority Shareholder Vote,
the Trustees may enter into one or more investment advisory contracts on behalf
of the Trust or any Series, providing for investment advisory services,
statistical and research facilities and services, and other facilities and
services to be furnished to the Trust or Series on terms and conditions
acceptable to the Trustees. Any such contract may provide for the investment
adviser to effect purchases, sales or exchanges of portfolio securities or other
Trust Property on behalf of the Trustees or may authorize any officer or agent
of the Trust to effect such purchases, sales or exchanges pursuant to
recommendations of the investment adviser. The Trustees may authorize the
investment adviser to employ one or more subadvisers. Any reference in this
Trust Instrument to the investment adviser shall be deemed to include such
subadvisers, unless the context otherwise requires.
Section 2. Principal Underwriter. The Trustees may enter into
contracts on behalf of the Trust or any Series or Class, providing for the
distribution and sale of Shares by the other party, either directly or as sales
agent, on terms and conditions acceptable to the Trustees. The Trustees may
adopt a plan or plans of distribution with respect to Shares of any Series or
Class and enter into any related agreements, whereby the Series or Class
finances directly or indirectly any activity that is primarily intended to
result in sales of its Shares, subject to the requirements of Section 12 of the
1940 Act, Rule 12b-1 thereunder, and other applicable rules and regulations.
Section 3. Transfer Agency, Shareholder Services and Administration
Agreements. The Trustees, on behalf of the Trust or any Series or Class, may
enter into transfer agency agreements, Shareholder service agreements and
administration and management agreements with any party or parties on terms and
conditions acceptable to the Trustees or delegate to a service provider the
arrangement of these and other services.
Section 4. Custodian. The Trustees shall at all times place and
maintain the securities and similar investments of the Trust and of each Series
in custody meeting the requirements of Section 17(f) of the 1940 Act and the
rules thereunder. The Trustees, on behalf of the Trust or any Series, may enter
into an agreement with a custodian on terms and conditions acceptable to the
Trustees, providing for the custodian, among other things, to (a) hold the
securities owned by the Trust or any Series and deliver the same upon written
order or oral order confirmed in writing, (b) receive and receipt for any moneys
due to the Trust or any Series and deposit the same in its own banking
department or elsewhere, (c) disburse such funds upon orders or vouchers, and
(d) employ one or more sub-custodians.
Section 5. Parties to Contracts with Service Providers. The Trustees
may enter into any contract referred to in this Article with any entity,
although one or more of the Trustees or officers of the Trust may be an officer,
director, trustee, partner, shareholder or member of such entity, and no such
contract shall be invalidated or rendered void or voidable because of such
relationship. No person having such a relationship shall be disqualified from
voting on or executing a contract in his capacity as Trustee and/or Shareholder,
or be liable merely by reason of such relationship for any loss or expense to
the Trust with respect to such a contract or accountable for any profit realized
directly or indirectly therefrom.
Any contract referred to in Sections 1 and 2 of this Article shall be
consistent with and subject to the applicable requirements of Section 15 of the
1940 Act and the rules and orders thereunder with respect to its continuance in
effect, its termination and the method of authorization and approval of such
contract or renewal. No amendment to a contract referred to in Section 1 of this
Article shall be effective unless assented to in a manner consistent with the
requirements of Section 15 of the 1940 Act, and the rules and orders thereunder.
ARTICLE VIII
EXPENSES OF THE TRUST AND SERIES
Subject to Article IV, Section 4, the Trust or a particular Series
shall pay, directly or indirectly through contractual arrangements, or shall
reimburse the Trustees from the Trust estate or the assets belonging to the
particular Series, for their expenses and disbursements, including, but not
limited to, interest charges, taxes, brokerage fees and commissions; expenses of
pricing Trust portfolio securities; expenses of sale, addition and reduction of
Shares; certain insurance premiums; applicable fees, interest charges and
expenses of third parties, including the Trust's investment advisers, managers,
administrators, distributors, custodians, transfer agents and fund accountants;
fees of pricing, interest, dividend, credit and other reporting services; costs
of membership in trade associations; telecommunications expenses; funds
transmission expenses; auditing, legal and compliance expenses; costs of forming
the Trust and its Series and maintaining its existence; costs of preparing and
printing the prospectuses of the Trust and each Series, statements of additional
information and Shareholder reports and delivering them to Shareholders;
expenses of meetings of Shareholders and proxy solicitations therefor; costs of
maintaining books and accounts; costs of reproduction, stationery and supplies;
fees and expenses of the Trustees; compensation of the Trust's officers and
employees and costs of other personnel performing services for the Trust or any
Series; costs of Trustee meetings; Commission registration fees and related
expenses; registration fees and related expenses under state or foreign
securities or other laws; and for such non-recurring items as may arise,
including litigation to which the Trust or a Series (or a Trustee or officer of
the Trust acting as such) is a party, and for all losses and liabilities by them
incurred in administering the Trust. The Trustees shall have a lien on the
assets belonging to the appropriate Series, or in the case of an expense
allocable to more than one Series, on the assets of each such Series, prior to
any rights or interests of the Shareholders thereto, for the reimbursement to
them of such expenses, disbursements, losses and liabilities. This Article shall
not preclude the Trust from directly paying any of the aforementioned fees and
expenses.
ARTICLE IX
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION
Section 1. Limitation of Liability. All persons contracting with or
having any claim against the Trust or a particular Series shall look only to the
assets of the Trust or such Series for payment under such contract or claim; and
neither the Trustees nor any of the Trust's officers, employees or agents,
whether past, present or future, shall be personally liable therefor. Every
written instrument or obligation on behalf of the Trust or any Series shall
contain a statement to the foregoing effect, but the absence of such statement
shall not operate to make any Trustee or officer of the Trust liable thereunder.
Provided they have exercised reasonable care and have acted under the reasonable
belief that their actions are in the best interest of the Trust, the Trustees,
officers, employees and managers of the Trust shall not be responsible or liable
for any act or omission or for neglect or wrongdoing of them or any officer,
agent, employee, manager, investment adviser, delegate or independent contractor
of the Trust, but nothing contained in this Trust Instrument or in the Delaware
Act shall protect any Trustee, officer, employee or manager of the Trust against
liability to the Trust or to Shareholders to which he would otherwise be subject
by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless
disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office.
Section 2. Indemnification.
(a) Subject to the exceptions and limitations contained in subsection
(b) below:
(i) every person who is, or has been, a Trustee, officer, employee,
manager or agent of the Trust (including persons who serve at the Trust's
request as directors, trustees, officers or agents of another organization in
which the Trust has any interest as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise)
("Covered Person") shall be indemnified by the Trust or the appropriate Series
to the fullest extent permitted by law against liability and against all
expenses reasonably incurred or paid by such person in connection with any
claim, action, suit or proceeding in which such person becomes involved as a
party or otherwise by virtue of being or having been a Covered Person and
against amounts paid or incurred by such person in the settlement thereof,
whether or not such person is a Covered Person at the time such expenses are
incurred;
(ii) as used herein, the words "claim," "action," "suit," or
"proceeding" shall apply to all claims, actions, suits or proceedings (civil,
criminal or other, including appeals), actual or threatened while in office or
thereafter, and the words "liability" and "expenses" shall include, without
limitation, attorney's fees, costs, judgments, amounts paid in settlement,
fines, penalties and other liabilities.
(b) No indemnification shall be provided hereunder to a Covered
Person:
(i) who shall have been adjudicated by a court or body before which
the proceeding was brought (A) to be liable to the Trust or its Shareholders by
reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard
of the duties involved in the conduct of his office, or (B) not to have acted in
good faith in the reasonable belief that his action was in or not opposed to the
best interests of the Trust; or
(ii) in the event of a settlement, unless there has been a
determination that such Covered Person did not engage in willful misfeasance,
bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the
conduct of his office: (A) by the court or other body approving the settlement;
(B) by at least a majority of those Trustees who are neither Interested Persons
of the Trust nor are parties to the matter based upon a review of readily
available facts (as opposed to a full trial type inquiry); or (C) by written
opinion of independent legal counsel based upon a review of readily available
facts (as opposed to a full trial type inquiry).
(c) To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, expenses in
connection with the preparation and presentation of a defense to any claim,
action, suit or proceeding of the character described in subsection (a) of this
Section may be paid by the Trust or applicable Series from time to time prior to
final disposition thereof upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such
Covered Person that such amount will be paid over by such person to the Trust or
applicable Series if it is ultimately determined that such person is not
entitled to indemnification under this Section; provided, however, that either
(i) such Covered Person shall have provided appropriate security for such
undertaking, (ii) the Trust is insured against losses arising out of any such
advance payments or (iii) either a majority of the Trustees who are neither
Interested Persons of the Trust nor parties to the matter, or independent legal
counsel in a written opinion, shall have determined, based upon a review of
readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial type inquiry) that there is
reason to believe that such Covered Person will not be disqualified from
indemnification under this Section.
(d) The rights of indemnification herein provided shall be severable,
shall not be exclusive of or affect any other rights to which any Covered Person
may now or hereafter be entitled, and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs,
executors and administrators of a Covered Person.
(e) By action of the Trustees, and notwithstanding any interest of the
Trustees in the action, the Trust shall have power to purchase and maintain
insurance, in such amounts as the Trustees deem appropriate, on behalf of any
Covered Person, whether or not such person is indemnified against such liability
or expense under the provisions of this Article IX and whether or not the Trust
would have the power or would be required to indemnify such person against such
liability under the provisions of this Article IX or of the Delaware Act or by
any other applicable law, subject only to any limitations imposed by the 1940
Act.
(f) Any repeal or modification of this Article IX by the Shareholders
of the Trust, or adoption or modification of any other provision of the Trust
Instrument or Bylaws inconsistent with this Article, shall be prospective only,
to the extent that such repeal or modification would, if applied
retrospectively, adversely affect any limitation on the liability of any Covered
Person or indemnification available to any Covered Person with respect to any
act or omission which occurred prior to such repeal, modification or adoption.
Section 3. Indemnification of Shareholders. If any Shareholder or
former Shareholder of any Series shall be held personally liable solely by
reason of being or having been a Shareholder and not because of acts or
omissions or for some other reason, the Shareholder or former Shareholder (or
such person's heirs, executors, administrators or other legal representatives or
in the case of any entity, its general successor) shall be entitled out of the
assets belonging to the applicable Series to be held harmless from and
indemnified against all loss and expense arising from such liability. The Trust,
on behalf of the affected Series, shall, upon request by such Shareholder,
assume the defense of any such claim made against such Shareholder for any act
or obligation of the Series and satisfy any judgment thereon from the assets of
the Series.
ARTICLE X
MISCELLANEOUS
Section 1. Trust Not a Partnership. This Trust Instrument creates a
trust and not a partnership, except to the extent such trust is deemed to
constitute a partnership under the Code and applicable state tax laws. No
Trustee shall have any power to bind personally either the Trust's officers or
any Shareholder.
Section 2. Trustee Action; Expert Advice; No Bond or Surety. The
exercise by the Trustees of their powers and discretion hereunder in good faith
and with reasonable care under the circumstances then prevailing shall be
binding upon everyone interested. Subject to the provisions of Article IX, the
Trustees shall not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law.
The Trustees may take advice of counsel or other experts with respect to the
meaning and operation of this Trust Instrument, and subject to the provisions of
Article IX, shall not be liable for any act or omission in accordance with such
advice or for failing to follow such advice. The Trustees shall not be required
to give any bond as such, nor any surety if a bond is obtained.
Section 3. Record Dates. The Trustees may fix in advance a date up to
ninety (90) days before the date of any Shareholders meeting, or the date for
the allotment of rights, or the date when any change or conversion or exchange
of Shares shall go into effect as a record date for the determination of the
Shareholders entitled to notice of, and to vote at, any such meeting, or to
receive any such allotment of rights, or to exercise such rights in respect of
any such change, conversion or exchange of Shares. Any Shareholder who was a
Shareholder at the date and time so fixed shall be entitled to vote at such
meeting or any adjournment thereof.
Section 4. Termination of the Trust.
(a) Except as provided herein, the Trust shall have perpetual
existence. The Trust may be terminated at any time by vote of a majority of the
Shares of each Series entitled to vote, voting separately by Series, or by the
Trustees by written notice to the Shareholders. Any Series of Shares or Class
thereof may be terminated at any time by vote of a majority of the Shares of
such Series or Class entitled to vote or by the Trustees by written notice to
the Shareholders of such Series or Class.
(b) Upon the requisite Shareholder vote or action by the Trustees to
terminate the Trust or any one or more Series or any Class thereof, after making
reasonable provision for the payment of all known liabilities of the Trust or
any affected Series, the Trustees shall distribute the remaining proceeds or
assets (as the case may be) ratably among the Shareholders of the Trust or any
affected Series or Class; however, the payment to any particular Class of such
Series may be reduced by any fees, expenses or charges allocated to that Class.
Upon completion of the distribution of the remaining proceeds or assets, the
Trust or affected Series or Class shall terminate and the Trustees and the Trust
shall be discharged of any and all further liabilities and duties hereunder with
respect thereto and the right, title and interest of all parties therein shall
be canceled and discharged.
(c) Upon termination of the Trust, following completion of winding up
of its business, the Trustees shall cause a certificate of cancellation of the
Trust's certificate of trust to be filed in accordance with the Delaware Act,
which certificate of cancellation may be signed by any one Trustee.
Section 5. Reorganization; Merger; Consolidation.
(a) Notwithstanding anything else herein, to change the Trust's form
of organization the Trustees may, without Shareholder approval to the extent
permitted by applicable law, (i) cause the Trust to merge or consolidate with or
into one or more entities, if the surviving or resulting entity is the Trust or
another open-end management investment company under the 1940 Act, or a series
thereof, that will succeed to or assume the Trust's registration under the 1940
Act, (ii) cause the Shares to be exchanged under or pursuant to any state or
federal statute to the extent permitted by law, (iii) sell the assets of the
Trust in exchange for shares of another management investment company, or (iv)
cause the Trust to incorporate under the laws of Delaware. Any agreement of
merger or consolidation or certificate of merger may be signed by a majority of
Trustees and facsimile signatures conveyed by electronic or telecommunication
means shall be valid.
(b) Pursuant to and in accordance with the provisions of Section
3815(f) of the Delaware Act, an agreement of merger or consolidation approved in
accordance with this Section 5 may effect any amendment to the governing
instrument of the Trust or effect the adoption of a new trust instrument of the
Trust if it is the surviving or resulting trust in the merger or consolidation.
(c) The Trustees may create one or more business trusts to which all
or any part of the assets, liabilities, profits, or losses of the Trust or any
Series or Class thereof may be transferred and may provide for the conversion of
Shares in the Trust or any Series or Class thereof into beneficial interests in
any such newly created trust or trusts or any series or classes thereof.
Section 6. Trust Instrument. The original or a copy of this Trust
Instrument and of each amendment hereto or Trust Instrument supplemental shall
be kept at the office of the Trust where it may be inspected by any Shareholder.
Anyone dealing with the Trust may rely on a certificate by a Trustee or an
officer of the Trust as to the authenticity of the Trust Instrument or any such
amendments or supplements and as to any matters in connection with the Trust.
The masculine gender herein shall include the feminine and neuter genders.
Headings herein are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction
of this Trust Instrument. This Trust Instrument may be executed in any number of
counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original.
Section 7. Applicable Law. This Trust Instrument and the Trust created
hereunder are governed by and construed and administered according to the
Delaware Act and the applicable laws of the State of Delaware; provided,
however, that there shall not be applicable to the Trust, the Trustees or this
Trust Instrument (a) the provisions of Section 3540 of Title 12 of the Delaware
Code, or (b) any provisions of the laws (statutory or common) of the State of
Delaware (other than the Delaware Act) pertaining to trusts which relate to or
regulate (i) the filing with any court or governmental body or agency of trustee
accounts or schedules of trustee fees and charges, (ii) affirmative requirements
to post bonds for trustees, officers, agents or employees of a trust, (iii) the
necessity for obtaining court or other governmental approval concerning the
acquisition, holding or disposition of real or personal property, (iv) fees or
other sums payable to trustees, officers, agents or employees of a trust, (v)
the allocation of receipts and expenditures to income or principal, (vi)
restrictions or limitations on the permissible nature, amount or concentration
of trust investments or requirements relating to the titling, storage or other
manner of holding of trust assets, or (vii) the establishment of fiduciary or
other standards of responsibility or limitations on the acts or powers of
trustees, which are inconsistent with the limitations on liabilities or
authority and powers of the Trustees set forth or referenced in this Trust
Instrument. The Trust shall be of the type commonly called a Delaware business
trust, and, without limiting the provisions hereof, the Trust may exercise all
powers which are ordinarily exercised by such a trust under Delaware law. The
Trust specifically reserves the right to exercise any of the powers or
privileges afforded to trusts or actions that may be engaged in by trusts under
the Delaware Act, and the absence of a specific reference herein to any such
power, privilege or action shall not imply that the Trust may not exercise such
power or privilege or take such actions.
Section 8. Amendments. The Trustees may, without any Shareholder vote,
amend or otherwise supplement this Trust Instrument by making an amendment, a
Trust Instrument supplemental hereto or an amended and restated trust
instrument; provided, that Shareholders shall have the right to vote on any
amendment (a) which would affect the voting rights of Shareholders granted in
Article VI, Section 1, (b) to this Section 8, (c) required to be approved by
Shareholders by law or by the Trust's registration statement(s) filed with the
Commission, and (d) submitted to them by the Trustees in their discretion. Any
amendment submitted to Shareholders which the Trustees determine would affect
the Shareholders of any Series or Class shall be authorized by vote of the
Shareholders of such Series or Class and no vote shall be required of
Shareholders of a Series or Class not affected.
Notwithstanding anything else herein, any amendment to Article IX
which would have the effect of reducing the indemnification and other rights
provided thereby to Trustees, officers, employees and agents of the Trust or to
Shareholders or former Shareholders, and any repeal or amendment of this
sentence, shall each require the affirmative vote of the holders of two-thirds
(2/3) of the Outstanding Shares of the Trust entitled to vote thereon.
Section 9. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Trust shall end on the
date set by resolution approved by the Trustees. The Trustees may change the
fiscal year of the Trust without Shareholder approval.
Section 10. Severability. The provisions of this Trust Instrument are
severable. If the Trustees determine, with the advice of counsel, that any
provision hereof conflicts with the 1940 Act, the regulated investment company
or other provisions of the Code or with other applicable laws and regulations,
the conflicting provision shall be deemed never to have constituted a part of
this Trust Instrument; provided, however, that such determination shall not
affect any of the remaining provisions of this Trust Instrument or render
invalid or improper any action taken or omitted prior to such determination. If
any provision hereof shall be held invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction,
such invalidity or unenforceability shall attach only to such provision only in
such jurisdiction and shall not affect any other provision of this Trust
Instrument.
Section 11. Use of the Name "▇▇▇▇▇▇▇". ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Capital Management,
Inc. ("▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Capital") has consented to and granted a non-exclusive license
for the use by the Trust and by each Series thereof to the phrase "▇▇▇▇▇▇▇
Capital" or the identifying word "▇▇▇▇▇▇▇" in the name of the Trust and of each
Series. Such consent is conditioned upon the Trust's employment of ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇
Capital or its affiliate as investment adviser to the Trust and to each Series.
As between ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Capital and the Trust, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Capital shall control the use
of such name insofar as such name contains the phrase "▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Capital" or the
identifying word "▇▇▇▇▇▇▇." ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ may from time to time use the phrase
"▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Capital" or the identifying word "▇▇▇▇▇▇▇" in other connections and for
other purposes, including without limitation in the names of other investment
companies, corporations or businesses that it may manage, advise, sponsor or own
or in which it may have a financial interest. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Capital may require the
Trust or any Series to cease using the phrase "▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Capital " or the
identifying word "▇▇▇▇▇▇▇" in the name of the Trust or any Series if the Trust
or Series ceases to employ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Capital or an affiliate thereof as investment
adviser.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being all of the initial
Trustees, have executed this Trust Instrument as of the date first above
written.
/s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, as
Trustee and not individually
/s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, as
Trustee and not individually
/s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇, as
Trustee and not individually
SCHEDULE A
SERIES OF THE TRUST
▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Focus Fund
▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Growth & Income Fund