EXHIBIT 10.02
ASYMETRIX LEARNING SYSTEMS, INC.
INDEMNITY AGREEMENT
This Indemnity Agreement (this "Agreement"), dated as of _____________,
---------
1998, is made by and between Asymetrix Learning Systems, Inc., a Delaware
corporation (the "Company"), and _________________, a director and/or officer of
-------
the Company (the "Indemnitee").
----------
RECITALS
A. The Company is aware that competent and experienced persons are
increasingly reluctant to serve as directors or officers of corporations unless
they are protected by comprehensive liability insurance and/or indemnification,
due to increased exposure to litigation costs and risks resulting from their
service to such corporations, and due to the fact that the exposure frequently
bears no reasonable relationship to the compensation of such directors and
officers;
B. Based upon their experience as business managers, the Board of
Directors of the Company (the "Board") has concluded that, to retain and attract
-----
talented and experienced individuals to serve as officers and directors of the
Company, and to encourage such individuals to take the business risks necessary
for the success of the Company, it is necessary for the Company contractually to
indemnify officers and directors and to assume for itself maximum liability for
expenses and damages in connection with claims against such officers and
directors in connection with their service to the Company;
C. Section 145 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware, under which the
Company is organized ("Section 145"), empowers the Company to indemnify by
-----------
agreement its officers, directors, employees and agents, and persons who serve,
at the request of the Company, as directors, officers, employees or agents of
other corporations or enterprises, and expressly provides that the
indemnification provided by Section 145 is not exclusive; and
D. The Company desires and has requested the Indemnitee to serve or
continue to serve as a director or officer of the Company free from undue
concern for claims for damages arising out of or related to such services to the
Company.
NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto, intending to be legally bound, hereby
agree as follows:
1. DEFINITIONS.
-----------
1.1 Agent. For the purposes of this Agreement, "agent" of the Company
----- -----
means any person who is or was a director or officer of the Company or a
subsidiary of the Company; or is or was serving at the request of, for the
convenience of, or to represent the
interest of the Company or a subsidiary of the Company as a director or officer
of another foreign or domestic corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or
other enterprise or an affiliate of the Company; or was a director or officer of
a foreign or domestic corporation which was a predecessor corporation of the
Company, including, without limitation, Asymetrix Learning Systems, Inc., a
Washington corporation, or was a director or officer of another enterprise or
affiliate of the Company at the request of, for the convenience of, or to
represent the interests of such predecessor corporation. The term "enterprise"
----------
includes any employee benefit plan of the Company, its subsidiaries, affiliates
and predecessor corporations.
1.2 Expenses. For purposes of this Agreement, "expenses" includes all
-------- --------
direct and indirect costs of any type or nature whatsoever (including, without
limitation, all attorneys' fees and related disbursements and other out-of-
pocket costs) actually and reasonably incurred by the Indemnitee in connection
with the investigation, defense or appeal of a proceeding or establishing or
enforcing a right to indemnification or advancement of expenses under this
Agreement, Section 145 or otherwise; provided, however, that expenses shall not
-------- -------
include any judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes or penalties or amounts paid in
settlement of a proceeding.
1.3 Proceeding. For the purposes of this Agreement, "proceeding" means
---------- ----------
any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or other proceeding, whether
civil, criminal, administrative, investigative or any other type whatsoever.
1.4 Subsidiary. For purposes of this Agreement, "subsidiary" means any
---------- ----------
corporation of which more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities is owned
directly or indirectly by the Company, by the Company and one or more of its
subsidiaries or by one or more of the Company's subsidiaries.
2. AGREEMENT TO SERVE. The Indemnitee agrees to serve and/or continue to
------------------
serve as an agent of the Company, at the will of the Company (or under separate
agreement, if such agreement exists), in the capacity the Indemnitee currently
serves as an agent of the Company, faithfully and to the best of his ability, so
long as he is duly appointed or elected and qualified in accordance with the
applicable provisions of the charter documents of the Company or any subsidiary
of the Company; provided, however, that the Indemnitee may at any time and for
-------- -------
any reason resign from such position (subject to any contractual obligation that
the Indemnitee may have assumed apart from this Agreement), and the Company or
any subsidiary shall have no obligation under this Agreement to continue the
Indemnitee in any such position.
3. DIRECTORS' AND OFFICERS' INSURANCE. The Company shall, to the extent
----------------------------------
that the Board determines it to be economically reasonable, maintain a policy of
directors' and officers' liability insurance ("D&O Insurance"), on such terms
-------------
and conditions as may be approved by the Board.
4. MANDATORY INDEMNIFICATION. Subject to Section 9 below, the Company
-------------------------
shall indemnify the Indemnitee:
2
4.1 Third Party Actions. If the Indemnitee is a person who was or is a
-------------------
party or is threatened to be made a party to any proceeding (other than an
action by or in the right of the Company) by reason of the fact that he is or
was an agent of the Company, or by reason of anything done or not done by him in
any such capacity, against any and all expenses and liabilities of any type
whatsoever (including, but not limited to, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes
or penalties and amounts paid in settlement) actually and reasonably incurred by
him in connection with the investigation, defense, settlement or appeal of such
proceeding if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to
be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of the Company and, with respect to
any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his
conduct was unlawful; and
4.2 Derivative Actions. If the Indemnitee is a person who was or is a
------------------
party or is threatened to be made a party to any proceeding by or in the right
of the Company to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that he
is or was an agent of the Company, or by reason of anything done or not done by
him in any such capacity, against any amounts paid in settlement of any such
proceeding and all expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him in
connection with the investigation, defense, settlement or appeal of such
proceeding if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to
be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of the Company; except that no
------
indemnification under this subsection shall be made in respect of any claim,
issue or matter as to which such person shall have been finally adjudged to be
liable to the Company by a court of competent jurisdiction due to willful
misconduct of a culpable nature in the performance of his duty to the Company,
unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or the court in which
such proceeding was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the
adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such
person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such amounts which the
Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper; and
4.3 Exception for Amounts Covered by Insurance. Notwithstanding the
------------------------------------------
foregoing, the Company shall not be obligated to indemnify the Indemnitee for
expenses or liabilities of any type whatsoever (including, but not limited to,
judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes or penalties and amounts paid in
settlement) to the extent such have been paid directly to the Indemnitee by D&O
Insurance.
5. PARTIAL INDEMNIFICATION AND CONTRIBUTION.
----------------------------------------
5.1 Partial Indemnification. If the Indemnitee is entitled under any
-----------------------
provision of this Agreement to indemnification by the Company for some or a
portion of any expenses or liabilities of any type whatsoever (including, but
not limited to, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes or penalties and amounts
paid in settlement) incurred by him in the investigation, defense, settlement or
appeal of a proceeding but is not entitled, however, to indemnification for all
of the total amount thereof, then the Company shall nevertheless indemnify the
Indemnitee for such total amount except as to the portion thereof to which the
Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification.
3
5.2 Contribution. If the Indemnitee is not entitled to the
------------
indemnification provided in Section 4 for any reason other than the statutory
limitations set forth in the Delaware General Corporation Law, then in respect
of any threatened, pending or completed proceeding in which the Company is
jointly liable with the Indemnitee (or would be if joined in such proceeding),
the Company shall contribute to the amount of expenses (including attorneys'
fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably
incurred and paid or payable by the Indemnitee in such proportion as is
appropriate to reflect (i) the relative benefits received by the Company on the
one hand and the Indemnitee on the other hand from the transaction from which
such proceeding arose and (ii) the relative fault of the Company on the one hand
and of the Indemnitee on the other hand in connection with the events which
resulted in such expenses, judgments, fines or settlement amounts, as well as
any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative fault of the Company
on the one hand and of the Indemnitee on the other hand shall be determined by
reference to, among other things, the parties' relative intent, knowledge,
access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent the circumstances
resulting in such expenses, judgments, fines or settlement amounts. The Company
agrees that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this
Section 5 were determined by pro rata allocation or any other method of
allocation which does not take account of the foregoing equitable
considerations.
6. MANDATORY ADVANCEMENT OF EXPENSES.
---------------------------------
6.1 Advancement. Subject to Section 9 below, the Company shall advance
-----------
all expenses incurred by the Indemnitee in connection with the investigation,
defense, settlement or appeal of any proceeding to which the Indemnitee is a
party or is threatened to be made a party by reason of the fact that the
Indemnitee is or was an agent of the Company or by reason of anything done or
not done by him in any such capacity. The Indemnitee hereby undertakes to
promptly repay such amounts advanced only if, and to the extent that, it shall
ultimately be determined that the Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified
by the Company under the provisions of this Agreement, the Certificate of
Incorporation or Bylaws of the Company, the General Corporation Law of Delaware
or otherwise. The advances to be made hereunder shall be paid by the Company to
the Indemnitee within thirty (30) days following delivery of a written request
therefor by the Indemnitee to the Company.
6.2 Exception. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this
---------
Section 6, the Company shall not be obligated to advance any expenses to the
Indemnitee arising from a lawsuit filed directly by the Company against the
Indemnitee if an absolute majority of the members of the Board reasonably
determines in good faith, within thirty (30) days of the Indemnitee's request to
be advanced expenses, that the facts known to them at the time such
determination is made demonstrate clearly and convincingly that the Indemnitee
acted in bad faith. If such a determination is made, the Indemnitee may have
such decision reviewed by another forum, in the manner set forth in Sections
8.3, 8.4 and 8.5 hereof, with all references therein to "indemnification" being
deemed to refer to "advancement of expenses," and the burden of proof shall be
on the Company to demonstrate clearly and convincingly that, based on the facts
known at the time, the Indemnitee acted in bad faith. The Company may not avail
itself of this Section 6.2 as to a given lawsuit if, at any time after the
occurrence of the activities or
4
omissions that are the primary focus of the lawsuit, the Company has undergone a
change in control. For this purpose, a change in control shall mean a given
person or group of affiliated persons or groups increasing their beneficial
ownership interest in the Company by at least twenty (20) percentage points
without advance Board approval.
7. NOTICE AND OTHER INDEMNIFICATION PROCEDURES.
-------------------------------------------
7.1 Promptly after receipt by the Indemnitee of notice of the
commencement of or the threat of commencement of any proceeding, the Indemnitee
shall, if the Indemnitee believes that indemnification with respect thereto may
be sought from the Company under this Agreement, notify the Company of the
commencement or threat of commencement thereof.
7.2 If, at the time of the receipt of a notice of the commencement of
a proceeding pursuant to Section 7.1 hereof, the Company has D&O Insurance in
effect, the Company shall give prompt notice of the commencement of such
proceeding to the insurers in accordance with the procedures set forth in the
respective policies. The Company shall thereafter take all necessary or
desirable action to cause such insurers to pay, on behalf of the Indemnitee, all
amounts payable as a result of such proceeding in accordance with the terms of
such D&O Insurance policies.
7.3 In the event the Company shall be obligated to advance the
expenses for any proceeding against the Indemnitee, the Company, if appropriate,
shall be entitled to assume the defense of such proceeding, with counsel
approved by the Indemnitee (which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld),
upon the delivery to the Indemnitee of written notice of its election to do so.
After delivery of such notice, approval of such counsel by the Indemnitee and
the retention of such counsel by the Company, the Company will not be liable to
the Indemnitee under this Agreement for any fees of counsel subsequently
incurred by the Indemnitee with respect to the same proceeding, provided that:
--------
(a) the Indemnitee shall have the right to employ his own counsel in any such
proceeding at the Indemnitee's expense; (b) the Indemnitee shall have the right
to employ his own counsel in connection with any such proceeding, at the expense
of the Company, if such counsel serves in a review, observer, advice and
counseling capacity and does not otherwise materially control or participate in
the defense of such proceeding; and (c) if (i) the employment of counsel by the
Indemnitee has been previously authorized by the Company, (ii) the Indemnitee
shall have reasonably concluded that there may be a conflict of interest between
the Company and the Indemnitee in the conduct of any such defense or (iii) the
Company shall not, in fact, have employed counsel to assume the defense of such
proceeding, then the fees and expenses of the Indemnitee's counsel shall be at
the expense of the Company.
8. DETERMINATION OF RIGHT TO INDEMNIFICATION.
-----------------------------------------
8.1 To the extent the Indemnitee has been successful on the merits or
otherwise in defense of any proceeding referred to in Section 4.1 or 4.2 of this
Agreement or in the defense of any claim, issue or matter described therein, the
Company shall indemnify the Indemnitee against expenses actually and reasonably
incurred by him in connection with the
5
investigation, defense or appeal of such proceeding, or such claim, issue or
matter, as the case may be.
8.2 In the event that Section 8.1 is inapplicable, or does not apply
to the entire proceeding, the Company shall nonetheless indemnify the Indemnitee
unless the Company shall prove by clear and convincing evidence to a forum
listed in Section 8.3 below that the Indemnitee has not met the applicable
standard of conduct required to entitle the Indemnitee to such indemnification.
8.3 The Indemnitee shall be entitled to select the forum in which the
validity of the Company's claim under Section 8.2 hereof that the Indemnitee is
not entitled to indemnification will be heard from among the following, except
------
that the Indemnitee can select a forum consisting of the stockholders of the
Company only with the approval of the Company:
(a) A quorum of the Board consisting of directors who are not
parties to the proceeding for which indemnification is being sought;
(b) The stockholders of the Company;
(c) Legal counsel mutually agreed upon by the Indemnitee and the
Board, which counsel shall make such determination in a written opinion;
(d) A panel of three arbitrators, one of whom is selected by the
Company, another of whom is selected by the Indemnitee and the last of whom is
selected by the first two arbitrators so selected; or
(e) The Court of Chancery of Delaware or other court having
jurisdiction of subject matter and the parties.
8.4 As soon as practicable, and in no event later than thirty (30) days
after the forum has been selected pursuant to Section 8.3 above, the Company
shall, at its own expense, submit to the selected forum its claim that the
Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification, and the Company shall act in the
utmost good faith to assure the Indemnitee a complete opportunity to defend
against such claim.
8.5 If the forum selected in accordance with Section 8.3 hereof is not a
court, then after the final decision of such forum is rendered, the Company or
the Indemnitee shall have the right to apply to the Court of Chancery of
Delaware, the court in which the proceeding giving rise to the Indemnitee's
claim for indemnification is or was pending or any other court of competent
jurisdiction, for the purpose of appealing the decision of such forum, provided
--------
that such right is executed within sixty (60) days after the final decision of
such forum is rendered. If the forum selected in accordance with Section 8.3
hereof is a court, then the rights of the Company or the Indemnitee to appeal
any decision of such court shall be governed by the applicable laws and rules
governing appeals of the decision of such court.
6
8.6 Notwithstanding any other provision in this Agreement to the contrary,
the Company shall indemnify the Indemnitee against all expenses incurred by the
Indemnitee in connection with any hearing or proceeding under this Section 8
involving the Indemnitee and against all expenses incurred by the Indemnitee in
connection with any other proceeding between the Company and the Indemnitee
involving the interpretation or enforcement of the rights of the Indemnitee
under this Agreement unless a court of competent jurisdiction finds that each of
the material claims and/or defenses of the Indemnitee in any such proceeding was
frivolous or not made in good faith.
9. EXCEPTIONS. Any other provision herein to the contrary notwithstanding,
----------
the Company shall not be obligated pursuant to the terms of this Agreement:
9.1 Claims Initiated by Indemnitee. To indemnify or advance expenses
------------------------------
to the Indemnitee with respect to proceedings or claims initiated or brought
voluntarily by the Indemnitee and not by way of defense, except with respect to
------
proceedings specifically authorized by the Board or brought to establish or
enforce a right to indemnification and/or advancement of expenses arising under
this Agreement, the charter documents of the Company or any subsidiary or any
statute or law or otherwise, but such indemnification or advancement of expenses
may be provided by the Company in specific cases if the Board finds it to be
appropriate; or
9.2 Unauthorized Settlements. To indemnify the Indemnitee hereunder
------------------------
for any amounts paid in settlement of a proceeding unless the Company consents
in advance in writing to such settlement, which consent shall not be
unreasonably withheld; or
9.3 Securities Law Actions. To indemnify the Indemnitee on account of
----------------------
any suit in which judgment is rendered against the Indemnitee for an accounting
of profits made from the purchase or sale by the Indemnitee of securities of the
Company pursuant to the provisions of Section l6(b) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 and amendments thereto or similar provisions of any federal, state
or local statutory law; or
9.4 Unlawful Indemnification. To indemnify the Indemnitee if a final
------------------------
decision by a court having jurisdiction in the matter shall determine that such
indemnification is not lawful. In this respect, the Company and the Indemnitee
have been advised that the Securities and Exchange Commission takes the position
that indemnification for liabilities arising under the federal securities laws
is against public policy and is, therefore, unenforceable and that claims for
indemnification should be submitted to appropriate courts for adjudication.
10. NON-EXCLUSIVITY. The provisions for indemnification and advancement
---------------
of expenses set forth in this Agreement shall not be deemed exclusive of any
other rights which the Indemnitee may have under any provision of law, the
Company's Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws, the vote of the Company's
stockholders or disinterested directors, other agreements or otherwise, both as
to action in the Indemnitee's official capacity and to action in another
capacity while occupying his position as an agent of the Company, and the
Indemnitee's rights hereunder shall continue after the Indemnitee has ceased
acting as an agent of the Company and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs,
executors and administrators of the Indemnitee.
7
11. GENERAL PROVISIONS
------------------
11.1 Interpretation of Agreement. It is understood that the parties
---------------------------
hereto intend this Agreement to be interpreted and enforced so as to provide
indemnification and advancement of expenses to the Indemnitee to the fullest
extent now or hereafter permitted by law, except as expressly limited herein.
11.2 Severability. If any provision or provisions of this Agreement
------------
shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable for any reason whatsoever,
then: (a) the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions
of this Agreement (including, without limitation, all portions of any paragraphs
of this Agreement containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or
unenforceable that are not themselves invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall
not in any way be affected or impaired thereby; and (b) to the fullest extent
possible, the provisions of this Agreement (including, without limitation, all
portions of any paragraphs of this Agreement containing any such provision held
to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, that are not themselves invalid,
illegal or unenforceable) shall be construed so as to give effect to the intent
manifested by the provision held invalid, illegal or unenforceable and to give
effect to Section 11.1 hereof.
11.3 Modification and Waiver. No supplement, modification or
-----------------------
amendment of this Agreement shall be binding unless executed in writing by both
of the parties hereto. No waiver of any of the provisions of this Agreement
shall be deemed or shall constitute a waiver of any other provision hereof
(whether or not similar), nor shall such waiver constitute a continuing waiver.
11.4 Subrogation. In the event of full payment under this Agreement,
-----------
the Company shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the
rights of recovery of the Indemnitee, who shall execute all documents required
and shall do all acts that may be necessary or desirable to secure such rights
and to enable the Company effectively to bring suit to enforce such rights.
11.5 Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in one or more
------------
counterparts, which shall together constitute one agreement.
11.6 Successors and Assigns. The terms of this Agreement shall bind,
----------------------
and shall inure to the benefit of, the successors and assigns of the parties
hereto.
11.7 Notice. All notices, requests, demands and other communications
------
under this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed duly given: (a) if
delivered by hand and receipted for by the party addressee; or (b) if mailed by
certified or registered mail, with postage prepaid, on the third business day
after the mailing date. Addresses for notice to either party are as shown on
the signature page of this Agreement or as subsequently modified by written
notice.
8
11.8 Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed exclusively by
-------------
and construed according to the laws of the State of Delaware, as applied to
contracts between Delaware residents entered into and to be performed entirely
within Delaware.
11.9 Consent to Jurisdiction. The Company and the Indemnitee each
-----------------------
hereby irrevocably consent to the jurisdiction of the courts of the State of
Delaware for all purposes in connection with any action or proceeding which
arises out of or relates to this Agreement.
11.10 Attorneys' Fees. In the event Indemnitee is required to bring any
---------------
action to enforce rights under this Agreement (including, without limitation,
the expenses of any Proceeding described in Section 3), the Indemnitee shall be
entitled to all reasonable fees and expenses in bringing and pursuing such
action, unless a court of competent jurisdiction finds each of the material
claims of the Indemnitee in any such action was frivolous and not made in good
faith.
9
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have entered into this Indemnity
Agreement effective as of the date first written above.
ASYMETRIX LEARNING SYSTEMS, INC. INDEMNITEE:
By:
----------------------------- -------------------------------
Title: Printed Name:
-------------------------- ------------------
Address: Address:
------------------------ -----------------------
-------------------------------- -------------------------------
10