ADTRAN HOLDINGS, INC. and U.S. BANK TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION as Trustee INDENTURE Dated as of September 19, 2025 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2030

Exhibit 4.1

Execution Version

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ADTRAN HOLDINGS, INC.

and

U.S. BANK TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

as Trustee

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INDENTURE

Dated as of September 19, 2025

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3.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2030

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Article 1. Definitions; Rules of Construction 1

Section 1.01. Definitions. 1

Section 1.02. Other Definitions. 13

Section 1.03. Rules of Construction. 14

Article 2. The Notes 15

Section 2.01. Form, Dating and Denominations. 15

Section 2.02. Execution, Authentication and Delivery. 15

Section 2.03. Initial Notes and Additional Notes. 16

Section 2.04. Method of Payment. 16

Section 2.05. Accrual of Interest; Defaulted Amounts; When Payment Date is Not a Business Day. 17

Section 2.06. Registrar, Paying Agent and Conversion Agent. 18

Section 2.07. Paying Agent and Conversion Agent to Hold Property in Trust. 18

Section 2.08. Holder Lists. 19

Section 2.09. Legends. 19

Section 2.10. Transfers and Exchanges; Certain Transfer Restrictions. 20

Section 2.11. Exchange and Cancellation of Notes to Be Converted, Redeemed or Repurchased. 25

Section 2.12. Removal of Transfer Restrictions. 26

Section 2.13. Replacement Notes. 26

Section 2.14. Registered Holders; Certain Rights with Respect to Global Notes. 27

Section 2.15. Cancellation. 27

Section 2.16. Notes Held by the Company or its Affiliates. 27

Section 2.17. Temporary Notes. 28

Section 2.18. Outstanding Notes. 28

Section 2.19. Repurchases by the Company. 29

Section 2.20. CUSIP and ISIN Numbers. 29

Article 3. Covenants 29

Section 3.01. Payment on Notes. 29

Section 3.02. Exchange Act Reports. 29

Section 3.03. Rule 144A Information. 30

Section 3.04. Additional Interest. 30

Section 3.05. Compliance and Default Certificates. 33

Section 3.06. Stay, Extension and Usury Laws. 33

Section 3.07. Acquisition of Notes by the Company and its Affiliates. 33

Article 4. Repurchase and Redemption 33

Section 4.01. No Sinking Fund. 33

Section 4.02. Right of Holders to Require the Company to Repurchase Notes upon a

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Fundamental Change. 34

Section 4.03. Right of the Company to Redeem the Notes. 38

Article 5. Conversion 41

Section 5.01. Right to Convert. 41

Section 5.02. Conversion Procedures. 45

Section 5.03. Settlement upon Conversion. 47

Section 5.04. Reserve and Status of Common Stock Issued upon Conversion. 50

Section 5.05. Adjustments to the Conversion Rate. 50

Section 5.06. Voluntary Adjustments. 60

Section 5.07. Adjustments to the Conversion Rate in Connection with a Make-Whole Fundamental Change or Optional Redemption. 61

Section 5.08. Exchange in Lieu of Conversion. 62

Section 5.09. Effect of Common Stock Change Event. 63

Article 6. Successors 65

Section 6.01. When the Company May Merge, Etc. 65

Section 6.02. Successor Entity Substituted. 65

Section 6.03. Exclusion for Asset Transfers with Wholly Owned Subsidiaries. 66

Article 7. Defaults and Remedies 66

Section 7.01. Events of Default. 66

Section 7.02. Acceleration. 68

Section 7.03. Sole Remedy for a Failure to Report. 68

Section 7.04. Other Remedies. 69

Section 7.05. Waiver of Past Defaults. 70

Section 7.06. Control by Majority. 70

Section 7.07. Limitation on Suits. 70

Section 7.08. Absolute Right of Holders to Institute Suit for the Enforcement of the Right to Receive Payment and Conversion Consideration. 71

Section 7.09. Collection Suit by Trustee. 71

Section 7.10. Trustee May File Proofs of Claim. 71

Section 7.11. Priorities. 72

Section 7.12. Undertaking for Costs. 72

Article 8. Amendments, Supplements and Waivers 73

Section 8.01. Without the Consent of Holders. 73

Section 8.02. With the Consent of Holders. 74

Section 8.03. Notice of Amendments, Supplements and Waivers. 75

Section 8.04. Revocation, Effect and Solicitation of Consents; Special Record Dates; Etc. 75

Section 8.05. Notations and Exchanges. 75

Section 8.06. Trustee to Execute Supplemental Indentures. 76

Article 9. Satisfaction and Discharge 76

Section 9.01. Termination of Company’s Obligations. 76

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Section 9.02. Repayment to Company. 77

Section 9.03. Reinstatement. 77

Article 10. Trustee 77

Section 10.01. Duties of the Trustee. 77

Section 10.02. Rights of the Trustee. 79

Section 10.03. Individual Rights of the Trustee. 80

Section 10.04. Trustee’s Disclaimer. 80

Section 10.05. Notice of Defaults. 81

Section 10.06. Compensation and Indemnity. 81

Section 10.07. Replacement of the Trustee. 82

Section 10.08. Successor Trustee by Merger, Etc. 83

Section 10.09. Eligibility; Disqualification. 83

Article 11. Miscellaneous 83

Section 11.01. Notices. 83

Section 11.02. Delivery of Officer’s Certificate and Opinion of Counsel as to Conditions Precedent. 85

Section 11.03. Statements Required in Officer’s Certificate and Opinion of Counsel. 85

Section 11.04. Rules by the Trustee, the Registrar, the Paying Agent and the Conversion Agent. 86

Section 11.05. No Personal Liability of Directors, Officers, Employees and Stockholders. 86

Section 11.06. Governing Law; Waiver of Jury Trial. 86

Section 11.07. Submission to Jurisdiction. 86

Section 11.08. No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements. 86

Section 11.09. Successors. 87

Section 11.10. Force Majeure. 87

Section 11.11. U.S.A. PATRIOT Act. 87

Section 11.12. Calculations. 87

Section 11.13. Severability. 88

Section 11.14. Counterparts. 88

Section 11.15. Table of Contents, Headings, Etc. 88

Section 11.16. Withholding Taxes. 88

Exhibits

Exhibit A: Form of Note A-1

Exhibit B-1: Form of Restricted Note Legend B1-1

Exhibit B-2: Form of Global Note Legend B2-1

Exhibit B-3: Form of Non-Affiliate Legend B3-1

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INDENTURE, dated as of September 19, 2025, between ADTRAN Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, as issuer (the “Company”), and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”).

Each party to this Indenture (as defined below) agrees as follows for the benefit of the other party and for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders (as defined below) of the Company’s 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2030 (the “Notes”).

“Additional Interest” means any interest that accrues on any Note pursuant to ‎Section 3.04.

“Affiliate” has the meaning set forth in Rule 144 as in effect on the Issue Date.

“Authorized Denomination” means, with respect to a Note, a principal amount thereof equal to $1,000 or any integral multiple of $1,000 in excess thereof.

“Bankruptcy Law” means Title 11, United States Code, or any similar U.S. federal or state or non-U.S. law for the relief of debtors.

“Bid Solicitation Agent” means the Person who is required to obtain bids for the Trading Price in accordance with ‎Section 5.01(C)(i)(2) and the definition of “Trading Price.” The initial Bid Solicitation Agent on the Issue Date will be the Company; provided, however, that the Company may appoint any other Person (including any of the Company’s Subsidiaries) to be the Bid Solicitation Agent at any time after the Issue Date without prior notice to the Holders.

“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company or a committee of such board duly authorized to act on behalf of such board.

“Business Day” means any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or any day on which the Federal Reserve Bank of New York is authorized or required by law or executive order to close or be closed.

“Capital Stock” of any Person means any and all shares of, interests in, rights to purchase, warrants or options for, participations in, or other equivalents of, in each case however designated, the equity of such Person, but excluding any debt securities convertible into, or exchangeable for, such equity.

“Close of Business” means 5:00 p.m., New York City time.

“Common Equity” of any Person means the Capital Stock of such Person that is generally entitled (A) to vote in the election of directors of such Person; or (B) if such Person is not a corporation, to vote or otherwise participate in the selection of the governing body, partners, managers or others that will control the management or policies of such Person.

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“Common Stock” means the common stock, $0.01 par value per share, of the Company, subject to ‎Section 5.09.

“Company” means the Person named as such in the first paragraph of this Indenture and, subject to ‎Article 6, its successors and assigns.

“Company Order” means a written request or order signed on behalf of the Company by one (1) of its Officers and delivered to the Trustee.

“Conversion Date” means, with respect to a Note, the first Business Day on which the requirements set forth in ‎Section 5.02(A) to convert such Note are satisfied.

“Conversion Price” means, as of any time, an amount equal to (A) one thousand dollars ($1,000) divided by (B) the Conversion Rate in effect at such time.

“Conversion Rate” initially means 86.8206 shares of Common Stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes; provided, however, that the Conversion Rate is subject to adjustment pursuant to ‎Article 5; provided, further, that whenever this Indenture refers to the Conversion Rate as of a particular date without setting forth a particular time on such date, such reference will be deemed to be to the Conversion Rate immediately after the Close of Business on such date.

“Conversion Share” means any share of Common Stock issued or issuable upon conversion of any Note.

“Daily Cash Amount” means, with respect to any VWAP Trading Day, the lesser of (A) the applicable Daily Maximum Cash Amount; and (B) the Daily Conversion Value for such VWAP Trading Day.

“Daily Conversion Value” means, with respect to any VWAP Trading Day, one forty-fifth (1/45th) of the product of (A) the Conversion Rate on such VWAP Trading Day; and (B) the Daily VWAP per share of Common Stock on such VWAP Trading Day.

“Daily Maximum Cash Amount” means, with respect to the conversion of any Note, the quotient obtained by dividing (A) the Specified Dollar Amount applicable to such conversion by (B) forty-five (45).

“Daily Share Amount” means, with respect to any VWAP Trading Day, the quotient obtained by dividing (A) the excess, if any, of the Daily Conversion Value for such VWAP Trading Day over the applicable Daily Maximum Cash Amount by (B) the Daily VWAP for such VWAP Trading Day. For the avoidance of doubt, the Daily Share Amount will be zero for such VWAP Trading Day if such Daily Conversion Value does not exceed such Daily Maximum Cash Amount.

“Daily VWAP” means, for any VWAP Trading Day, the per share volume-weighted average price of the Common Stock as displayed under the heading “Bloomberg VWAP” on Bloomberg page “ADTN <EQUITY> AQR” (or, if such page is not available, its equivalent

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successor page) in respect of the period from the scheduled open of trading until the scheduled close of trading of the primary trading session on such VWAP Trading Day (or, if such volume-weighted average price is unavailable, the market value of one share of Common Stock on such VWAP Trading Day, determined, using a volume-weighted average price method, by a nationally recognized independent investment banking firm selected by the Company, which may be any of the Initial Purchasers). The Daily VWAP will be determined without regard to after-hours trading or any other trading outside of the regular trading session.

“De-Legending Deadline Date” means, with respect to any Note, the fifteenth (15th) day after the Free Trade Date of such Note; provided, however, that if the De-Legending Deadline Date determined as aforesaid would be after a Regular Record Date and before the fifth (5th) Business Day immediately after the next Interest Payment Date, then the De-Legending Deadline Date for such Note will instead be the fifth (5th) Business Day immediately after such Interest Payment Date.

“Default” means any event that is (or, after notice, passage of time or both, would be) an Event of Default.

“Default Settlement Method” means Combination Settlement with a Specified Dollar Amount of $1,000 per $1,000 principal amount of Notes; provided, however, that (x) subject to ‎Section 5.03(A)(iii), the Company may, from time to time, change the Default Settlement Method to any Settlement Method that the Company is then permitted to elect, by sending notice of the new Default Settlement Method to the Holders, the Trustee and the Conversion Agent; and (y) the Default Settlement Method will be subject to ‎Section 5.03(A)(ii).

“Deferred Additional Interest” means any accrued and unpaid Additional Interest on a Note that accrues for any period on or after the De-Legending Deadline Date of such Note as described in Section 3.04(C).

“Depositary” means The Depository Trust Company or its successor.

“Depositary Participant” means any member of, or participant in, the Depositary.

“Depositary Procedures” means, with respect to any conversion, transfer, exchange or other transaction involving a Global Note or any beneficial interest therein, the rules and procedures of the Depositary applicable to such conversion, transfer, exchange or other transaction.

“Ex-Dividend Date” means, with respect to an issuance, dividend or distribution on the Common Stock, the first date on which shares of Common Stock trade on the applicable exchange or in the applicable market, regular way, without the right to receive such issuance, dividend or distribution (including pursuant to due bills or similar arrangements required by the relevant stock exchange). For the avoidance of doubt, any alternative trading convention on the applicable exchange or market in respect of the Common Stock under a separate ticker symbol or CUSIP number will not be considered “regular way” for this purpose.

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“Exchange Act” means the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

“Exempted Fundamental Change” means any Fundamental Change with respect to which, in accordance with ‎Section 4.02(I), the Company does not offer to repurchase any Notes.

“Free Trade Date” means, with respect to any Note, the date that is one (1) year after the Last Original Issue Date of such Note.

“Freely Tradable” means, with respect to any Note, that such Note would be eligible to be offered, sold or otherwise transferred pursuant to Rule 144 or otherwise if held by a Person that is not an Affiliate of the Company, and that has not been an Affiliate of the Company during the immediately preceding three (3) months, without any requirements as to volume, manner of sale, availability of current public information or notice under the Securities Act (except that, during the six (6)-month period beginning on, and including, the date that is six (6) months after the Last Original Issue Date of such Note, any such requirement as to the availability of current public information will be disregarded if the same is satisfied at that time); provided, however, that from and after the Free Trade Date of such Note, such Note will not be “Freely Tradable” unless such Note (x) is not identified by a “restricted” CUSIP or ISIN number; and (y) is not represented by any certificate that bears the Restricted Note Legend. For the avoidance of doubt, whether a Note is deemed to be identified by a “restricted” CUSIP or ISIN number or to bear the Restricted Note Legend is subject to ‎Section 2.12.

“Fundamental Change” means any of the following events:

(A) a “person” or “group” (within the meaning of Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act) (other than (x) the Company, (y) the Company’s Wholly Owned Subsidiaries or (z) any employee benefit plan of the Company or its Wholly Owned Subsidiaries) files any report with the SEC indicating that such “person” or “group” has become the direct or indirect “beneficial owner” (as defined below) of shares of the Common Stock representing more than fifty percent (50%) of the voting power of all of the Company’s then-outstanding Common Stock, as the case may be;

(B) the consummation of (i) any sale, lease or other transfer, in one transaction or a series of transactions, of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, to any Person, other than solely to one or more of the Company’s Wholly Owned Subsidiaries; or (ii) any transaction or series of related transactions in connection with which (whether by means of merger, consolidation, share exchange, combination, reclassification, recapitalization, acquisition, liquidation or otherwise) all of the Common Stock is exchanged for, converted into, acquired for, or constitutes solely the right to receive, other securities, cash or other property; provided, however, that any merger, consolidation, share exchange or combination of the Company pursuant to which the Persons that directly or indirectly “beneficially owned” (as defined below) all classes of the Company’s Common Equity immediately before such transaction directly or indirectly “beneficially own,” immediately after such transaction, more than fifty percent (50%) of all classes of Common Equity of the surviving, continuing or acquiring company or other transferee, as applicable, or the parent thereof, in substantially the same proportions vis-à-vis each other as immediately before such transaction, will be deemed not to be a Fundamental Change pursuant to this clause (B);

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(C) the Company’s stockholders approve any plan or proposal for the liquidation or dissolution of the Company; or

(D) the Common Stock ceases to be listed on any of The New York Stock Exchange, the Nasdaq Global Market or the Nasdaq Global Select Market (or any of their respective successors) for a period of at least five consecutive Trading Days;

provided, however, that a transaction or event described in clause (A) or (B) above will not constitute a Fundamental Change if at least ninety percent (90%) of the consideration received or to be received by the holders of Common Stock (excluding cash payments for fractional shares or pursuant to dissenters rights), in connection with such transaction or event, consists of shares of common stock listed on any of The New York Stock Exchange, the Nasdaq Global Market or the Nasdaq Global Select Market (or any of their respective successors), or that will be so listed when issued or exchanged in connection with such transaction or event, and such transaction or event constitutes a Common Stock Change Event whose Reference Property consists of such consideration.

For the purposes of this definition, (x) any transaction or event described in both clause (A) and in clause (B) above (without regard to the proviso in clause (B)) will be deemed to occur solely pursuant to clause (B) above (subject to such proviso); and (y) whether a Person is a “beneficial owner,” whether shares are “beneficially owned,” and percentage beneficial ownership, will be determined in accordance with Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act.

For the avoidance of doubt, references to “Common Stock” and “Common Equity” in this definition will be subject to ‎Section 5.09(A)(1)(III).

“Fundamental Change Repurchase Date” means the date fixed for the repurchase of any Notes by the Company pursuant to a Repurchase Upon Fundamental Change.

“Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice” means a notice (including a notice substantially in the form of the “Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice” set forth in Exhibit A) containing the information, or otherwise complying with the requirements, set forth in ‎Section 4.02(F)(i) and ‎Section 4.02(F)(ii).

“Fundamental Change Repurchase Price” means the cash price payable by the Company to repurchase any Note upon its Repurchase Upon Fundamental Change, calculated pursuant to ‎Section 4.02(D).

“Global Note” means a Note that is represented by a certificate substantially in the form set forth in Exhibit A, registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee, duly executed by the Company and authenticated by the Trustee, and deposited with the Trustee, as custodian for the Depositary.

“Global Note Legend” means a legend substantially in the form set forth in Exhibit B-2.

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“Holder” means a person in whose name a Note is registered on the Registrar’s books.

“Indenture” means this Indenture, as amended or supplemented from time to time.

“Initial Purchasers” means the several initial purchasers named in Schedule A to the Purchase Agreement.

“Interest Payment Date” means, with respect to a Note, each March 15 and September 15 of each year, commencing on March 15, 2026 (or commencing on such other date specified in the certificate representing such Note). For the avoidance of doubt, the Maturity Date is an Interest Payment Date.

“Issue Date” means September 19, 2025.

“Last Original Issue Date” means (A) with respect to any Notes issued pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, and any Notes issued in exchange therefor or in substitution thereof, the Issue Date; and (B) with respect to any Notes issued pursuant to ‎Section 2.03(B), and any Notes issued in exchange therefor or in substitution thereof, either (i) the later of (x) the date such Notes are originally issued and (y) the last date any Notes are originally issued as part of the same offering pursuant to the exercise of an option granted to the Initial Purchasers to purchase additional Notes; or (ii) such other date as is specified in an Officer’s Certificate delivered to the Trustee before the original issuance of such Notes.

“Last Reported Sale Price” of the Common Stock for any Trading Day means the closing sale price per share (or, if no closing sale price is reported, the average of the last bid price and the last ask price per share or, if more than one in either case, the average of the average last bid prices and the average last ask prices per share) of Common Stock on such Trading Day as reported in composite transactions for the principal U.S. national or regional securities exchange on which the Common Stock is then listed. If the Common Stock is not listed on a U.S. national or regional securities exchange on such Trading Day, then the Last Reported Sale Price will be the last quoted bid price per share of Common Stock on such Trading Day in the over-the-counter market as reported by OTC Markets Group Inc. or a similar organization. If the Common Stock is not so quoted on such Trading Day, then the Last Reported Sale Price will be the average of the mid-point of the last bid price and the last ask price per share of Common Stock on such Trading Day from a nationally recognized independent investment banking firm selected by the Company, which may be any of the Initial Purchasers. Neither the Trustee nor the Conversion Agent will have any duty to determine the Last Reported Sale Price.

“Make-Whole Fundamental Change” means (A) a Fundamental Change (determined after giving effect to the proviso immediately after clause (D) of the definition thereof, but without regard to the proviso to clause (B)(ii) of such definition); or (B) the sending of a Redemption Notice pursuant to ‎Section 4.03(F); provided, however, that, subject to ‎Section 4.03(I), the sending of a Redemption Notice will constitute a Make-Whole Fundamental Change only with respect to the Notes called (or deemed called pursuant to ‎Section 4.03(I)) for Redemption pursuant to such Redemption Notice and not with respect to any other Notes.

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“Make-Whole Fundamental Change Conversion Period” has the following meaning:

(A) in the case of a Make-Whole Fundamental Change pursuant to clause (A) of the definition thereof, the period from, and including, the Make-Whole Fundamental Change Effective Date of such Make-Whole Fundamental Change to, and including, the thirty-fifth (35th) Trading Day after such Make-Whole Fundamental Change Effective Date (or, if such Make-Whole Fundamental Change also constitutes a Fundamental Change (other than an Exempted Fundamental Change), to, but excluding, the related Fundamental Change Repurchase Date); and

(B) in the case of a Make-Whole Fundamental Change pursuant to clause (B) of the definition thereof, the related Redemption Conversion Period;

provided, however, that if the Conversion Date for the conversion of a Note that is called (or deemed, pursuant to ‎Section 4.03(I), to be called) for Redemption occurs during the Make-Whole Fundamental Change Conversion Period for both a Make-Whole Fundamental Change occurring pursuant to clause (A) of the definition of “Make-Whole Fundamental Change” and a Make-Whole Fundamental Change resulting from such Redemption pursuant to clause (B) of such definition, then, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in ‎Section 5.07, solely for purposes of such conversion, (x) such Conversion Date will be deemed to occur solely during the Make-Whole Fundamental Change Conversion Period for the Make-Whole Fundamental Change with the earlier Make-Whole Fundamental Change Effective Date; and (y) the Make-Whole Fundamental Change with the later Make-Whole Fundamental Change Effective Date will be deemed not to have occurred.

“Make-Whole Fundamental Change Effective Date” means (A) with respect to a Make-Whole Fundamental Change pursuant to clause (A) of the definition thereof, the date on which such Make-Whole Fundamental Change occurs or becomes effective; and (B) with respect to a Make-Whole Fundamental Change pursuant to clause (B) of the definition thereof, the applicable Redemption Notice Date.

“Market Disruption Event” means, with respect to any date, the occurrence or existence, during the one-half hour period ending at the scheduled close of trading on such date on the principal U.S. national or regional securities exchange or other market on which the Common Stock is listed for trading or trades, of any material suspension or limitation imposed on trading (by reason of movements in price exceeding limits permitted by the relevant exchange or otherwise) in the Common Stock or in any options contracts or futures contracts relating to the Common Stock.

“Maturity Date” means September 15, 2030.

“Non-Affiliate Legend” means a legend substantially in the form set forth in Exhibit B-3.

“Note Agent” means any Registrar, Paying Agent or Conversion Agent.

“Notes” means the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2030 issued by the Company pursuant to this Indenture.

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“Observation Period” means, with respect to any Note to be converted, (A) subject to clause (B) below, if the Conversion Date for such Note occurs before June 15, 2030, the forty-five (45) consecutive VWAP Trading Days beginning on, and including, the second (2nd) VWAP Trading Day immediately after such Conversion Date; (B) if such Conversion Date occurs during a Redemption Conversion Period, the forty-five (45) consecutive VWAP Trading Days beginning on, and including, the forty-sixth (46th) Scheduled Trading Day immediately before the related Redemption Date; and (C) subject to clause (B) above, if such Conversion Date occurs on or after June 15, 2030, the forty-five (45) consecutive VWAP Trading Days beginning on, and including, the forty-sixth (46th) Scheduled Trading Day immediately before the Maturity Date.

“Officer” means the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Chief Operating Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, the Treasurer, any Assistant Treasurer, the Controller, the Secretary or any Vice-President of the Company.

“Officer’s Certificate” means a certificate that is signed on behalf of the Company by one (1) of its Officers and that meets the requirements of ‎Section 11.03.

“Open of Business” means 9:00 a.m., New York City time.

“Opinion of Counsel” means an opinion, from legal counsel (including an employee of, or counsel to, the Company or any of its Subsidiaries) reasonably acceptable to the Trustee, that meets the requirements of ‎Section 11.03, subject to customary qualifications and exclusions.

“Person” or “person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or government or other agency or political subdivision thereof. Any division or series of a limited liability company, limited partnership or trust will constitute a separate “person” under this Indenture.

“Physical Note” means a Note (other than a Global Note) that is represented by a certificate substantially in the form set forth in Exhibit A, registered in the name of the Holder of such Note and duly executed by the Company and authenticated by the Trustee.

“Purchase Agreement” means that certain Purchase Agreement, dated September 16, 2025, between the Company and Evercore Group L.L.C., as representative of the Initial Purchasers.

“Qualified Successor Entity” means, with respect to a Business Combination Event, a corporation; provided, however, that a limited liability company, limited partnership or other similar entity will also constitute a Qualified Successor Entity with respect to such Business Combination Event if either (A) such Business Combination Event is an Exempted Fundamental Change; or (B) both of the following conditions are satisfied: (i) either (x) such limited liability company, limited partnership or other similar entity, as applicable, is treated as a corporation or is a direct or indirect, Wholly Owned Subsidiary of, and disregarded as an entity separate from, a corporation, in each case for U.S. federal income tax purposes; or (y) the Company has received

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an opinion of a nationally recognized tax counsel to the effect that such Business Combination Event will not be treated as an exchange under Section 1001 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, for Holders or beneficial owners of the Notes; and (ii) such Business Combination Event constitutes a Common Stock Change Event whose Reference Property consists solely of any combination of cash in U.S. dollars and shares of common stock of an entity that is (x) treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes; (y) duly organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof or the District of Columbia; and (z) a direct or indirect parent of such limited liability company, limited partnership or other similar entity, as applicable.

“Redemption” means the repurchase of any Note by the Company pursuant to ‎Section 4.03.

“Redemption Conversion Period” means, with respect to any Redemption, the period from, and including, the related Redemption Notice Date until the Close of Business on the second (2nd) Scheduled Trading Day immediately before the related Redemption Date (or, if the Company fails to pay the Redemption Price due on such Redemption Date in full, until such time as the Company pays such Redemption Price in full).

“Redemption Date” means the date fixed, pursuant to ‎Section 4.03(D), for the settlement of the repurchase of any Notes by the Company pursuant to a Redemption.

“Redemption Notice Date” means, with respect to a Redemption, the date on which the Company sends the Redemption Notice for such Redemption pursuant to ‎Section 4.03(F).

“Redemption Price” means the cash price payable by the Company to redeem any Note upon its Redemption, calculated pursuant to ‎Section 4.03(E).

“Regular Record Date” has the following meaning with respect to an Interest Payment Date: (A) if such Interest Payment Date occurs on March 15, the immediately preceding March 1 (whether or not a Business Day); and (B) if such Interest Payment Date occurs on September 15, the immediately preceding September 1 (whether or not a Business Day).

“Repurchase Upon Fundamental Change” means the repurchase of any Note by the Company pursuant to ‎Section 4.02.

“Responsible Officer” means (A) any officer within the corporate trust department of the Trustee (or any successor group of the Trustee) or any other officer of the Trustee customarily performing functions similar to those performed by any of such officers; and (B) with respect to a particular corporate trust matter relating to this Indenture, any other officer to whom such matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of, and familiarity with, the particular subject and, in each case, who will have direct responsibility for the administration of this Indenture.

“Restricted Note Legend” means a legend substantially in the form set forth in Exhibit B-1.

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“Restricted Stock Legend” means, with respect to any Conversion Share, a legend substantially to the effect that the offer and sale of such Conversion Share have not been registered under the Securities Act and that such Conversion Share cannot be sold or otherwise transferred except pursuant to a transaction that is registered under the Securities Act or that is exempt from, or not subject to, the registration requirements of the Securities Act.

“Rule 144” means Rule 144 under the Securities Act (or any successor rule thereto), as the same may be amended from time to time.

“Rule 144A” means Rule 144A under the Securities Act (or any successor rule thereto), as the same may be amended from time to time.

“Scheduled Trading Day” means any day that is scheduled to be a Trading Day on the principal U.S. national or regional securities exchange on which the Common Stock is then listed or, if the Common Stock is not then listed on a U.S. national or regional securities exchange, on the principal other market on which the Common Stock is then traded.

“SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

“Securities Act” means the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

“Security” means any Note or Conversion Share.

“Settlement Method” means Cash Settlement or Combination Settlement.

“Significant Subsidiary” means, with respect to any Person, any Subsidiary of such Person that constitutes a “significant subsidiary” (as defined in Rule 1-02(w) of Regulation S-X under the Exchange Act) of such Person; provided, however, that, if a Subsidiary meets the criteria of clause (1)(iii), but not clause (1)(i) or (1)(ii), of the definition of “significant subsidiary” in Rule 1-02(w) (or, if applicable, the respective successor clauses to the aforementioned clauses), then such Subsidiary will be deemed not to be a Significant Subsidiary unless such Subsidiary’s income from continuing operations before income taxes, exclusive of amounts attributable to any non-controlling interests, for the last completed fiscal year prior to the date of such determination exceeds thirty million dollars ($30,000,000) (with such amount calculated pursuant to such rule).

“Special Interest” means any interest that accrues on any Note pursuant to ‎Section 7.03.

“Specified Dollar Amount” means, with respect to the conversion of a Note to which Combination Settlement applies, the maximum cash amount per $1,000 principal amount of such Note deliverable upon such conversion (excluding cash in lieu of any fractional share of Common Stock); provided, however, that in no event will the Specified Dollar Amount be less than $1,000 per $1,000 principal amount of such Note.

“Stock Price” has the following meaning for any Make-Whole Fundamental Change: (A) if the holders of Common Stock receive only cash in consideration for their shares of Common Stock in such Make-Whole Fundamental Change and such Make-Whole Fundamental Change is

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pursuant to clause (B) of the definition of “Fundamental Change,” then the Stock Price is the amount of cash paid per share of Common Stock in such Make-Whole Fundamental Change; and (B) in all other cases, the Stock Price is the average of the Last Reported Sale Prices per share of Common Stock for the five (5) consecutive Trading Days ending on, and including, the Trading Day immediately before the relevant Make-Whole Fundamental Change Effective Date of such Make-Whole Fundamental Change.

“Subsidiary” means, with respect to any Person, (A) any corporation, association or other business entity (other than a partnership or limited liability company) of which more than fifty percent (50%) of the total voting power of the Capital Stock entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency, but after giving effect to any voting agreement or stockholders’ agreement that effectively transfers voting power) to vote in the election of directors, managers or trustees, as applicable, of such corporation, association or other business entity is owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such Person or one or more of the other Subsidiaries of such Person; and (B) any partnership or limited liability company where (i) more than fifty percent (50%) of the capital accounts, distribution rights, equity and voting interests, or of the general and limited partnership interests, as applicable, of such partnership or limited liability company are owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such Person or one or more of the other Subsidiaries of such Person, whether in the form of membership, general, special or limited partnership or limited liability company interests or otherwise; and (ii) such Person or any one or more of the other Subsidiaries of such Person is a controlling general partner of, or otherwise controls, such partnership or limited liability company.

“Trading Day” means any day on which (A) trading in the Common Stock generally occurs on the principal U.S. national or regional securities exchange on which the Common Stock is then listed or, if the Common Stock is not then listed on a U.S. national or regional securities exchange, on the principal other market on which the Common Stock is then traded; and (B) there is no Market Disruption Event. If the Common Stock is not so listed or traded, then “Trading Day” means a Business Day.

“Trading Price” of the Notes on any Trading Day means the average of the secondary market bid quotations, expressed as a cash amount per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, obtained by the Bid Solicitation Agent for five million dollars ($5,000,000) (or such lesser amount as may then be outstanding) in principal amount of Notes at approximately 3:30 p.m., New York City time, on such Trading Day from three (3) nationally recognized independent securities dealers selected by the Company, which may include any of the Initial Purchasers; provided, however, that, if three (3) such bids cannot reasonably be obtained by the Bid Solicitation Agent but two (2) such bids are obtained, then the average of the two (2) bids will be used, and if only one (1) such bid can reasonably be obtained by the Bid Solicitation Agent, then that one (1) bid will be used. If, on any Trading Day, (A) the Bid Solicitation Agent cannot reasonably obtain at least one (1) bid for five million dollars ($5,000,000) (or such lesser amount as may then be outstanding) in principal amount of Notes from a nationally recognized independent securities dealer; (B) the Company is not acting as the Bid Solicitation Agent and the Company fails to instruct the Bid Solicitation Agent to obtain bids when required; or (C) the Bid Solicitation Agent fails to solicit bids when required, then, in each case, the Trading Price per $1,000 principal amount of Notes on such Trading Day will be deemed to be less than ninety-eight percent (98%) of the product of the

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Last Reported Sale Price per share of Common Stock on such Trading Day and the Conversion Rate on such Trading Day.

“Transfer-Restricted Security” means any Security that constitutes a “restricted security” (as defined in Rule 144); provided, however, that such Security will cease to be a Transfer-Restricted Security upon the earliest to occur of the following events:

(A) such Security is sold or otherwise transferred to a Person (other than the Company, an Affiliate of the Company or a Person that was an Affiliate of the Company in the three months immediately preceding) pursuant to a registration statement that was effective under the Securities Act at the time of such sale or transfer;

(B) such Security is sold or otherwise transferred to a Person (other than the Company, an Affiliate of the Company or a Person that was an Affiliate of the Company in the three months immediately preceding) pursuant to an available exemption (including Rule 144) from the registration and prospectus-delivery requirements of, or in a transaction not subject to, the Securities Act and, immediately after such sale or transfer, such Security ceases to constitute a “restricted security” (as defined in Rule 144); and

(C) such Security is eligible for resale, by a Person that is not an Affiliate of the Company and that has not been an Affiliate of the Company during the immediately preceding three (3) months, pursuant to Rule 144 without any limitations thereunder as to volume, manner of sale, availability of current public information or notice.

The Trustee is under no obligation to determine whether any Security is a Transfer-Restricted Security and may conclusively rely on an Officer’s Certificate with respect thereto.

“Trust Indenture Act” means the U.S. Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended.

“Trustee” means the Person named as such in the first paragraph of this Indenture until a successor replaces it in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture and, thereafter, means such successor.

“VWAP Market Disruption Event” means, with respect to any date, (A) the failure by the principal U.S. national or regional securities exchange on which the Common Stock is then listed, or, if the Common Stock is not then listed on a U.S. national or regional securities exchange, the principal other market on which the Common Stock is then traded, to open for trading during its regular trading session on such date; or (B) the occurrence or existence, for more than one half hour period in the aggregate, of any suspension or limitation imposed on trading (by reason of movements in price exceeding limits permitted by the relevant exchange or otherwise) in the Common Stock or in any options contracts or futures contracts relating to the Common Stock, and such suspension or limitation occurs or exists at any time before 1:00 p.m., New York City time, on such date.

“VWAP Trading Day” means a day on which (A) there is no VWAP Market Disruption Event; and (B) trading in the Common Stock generally occurs on the principal U.S. national or regional securities exchange on which the Common Stock is then listed or, if the Common Stock

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is not then listed on a U.S. national or regional securities exchange, on the principal other market on which the Common Stock is then traded. If the Common Stock is not so listed or traded, then “VWAP Trading Day” means a Business Day.

“Wholly Owned Subsidiary” of a Person means any Subsidiary of such Person all of the outstanding Capital Stock or other ownership interests of which (other than directors’ qualifying shares) are owned by such Person or one or more Wholly Owned Subsidiaries of such Person.

“Additional Shares” ‎5.07(A)

“Business Combination Event” ‎6.01(A)

“Cash Settlement” ‎5.03(A)

“Combination Settlement” ‎5.03(A)

“Common Stock Change Event” ‎5.09(A)

“Conversion Agent” ‎2.06(A)

“Conversion Consideration” ‎5.03(B)

“Default Interest” ‎2.05(B)

“Defaulted Amount” ‎2.05(B)

“Deferred Additional Interest Demand Request” ‎3.04(C)

“Event of Default” ‎7.01(A)

“Expiration Date” ‎5.05(A)(v)

“Expiration Time” ‎5.05(A)(v)

“Fundamental Change Notice” ‎4.02(E)

“Fundamental Change Repurchase Right” ‎4.02(A)

“Initial Notes” ‎2.03(A)

“Measurement Period” ‎5.01(C)(i)(2)

“Notice of Default” 7.01(A)

“Notice of Election to Pay Deferred Additional Interest” 3.04(C)

“Paying Agent” ‎2.06(A)

“Redemption Notice” ‎4.03(F)

“Reference Property” ‎5.09(A)

“Reference Property Unit” ‎5.09(A)

“Register” ‎2.06(B)

“Registrar” ‎2.06(A)

“Reporting Event of Default” ‎7.03(A)

“Specified Courts” ‎11.07

“Spin-Off” ‎5.05(A)(iii)(2)

“Spin-Off Valuation Period” ‎5.05(A)(iii)(2)

“Stated Interest” ‎2.05(A)

“Successor Entity” ‎6.01(A)

“Successor Person” ‎5.09(A)

“Tender/Exchange Offer Valuation Period” ‎5.05(A)(v)

“Trading Price Condition” ‎5.01(C)(i)(2)

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For purposes of this Indenture:

The Notes and the Trustee’s certificate of authentication will be substantially in the form set forth in Exhibit A. The Notes will bear the legends required by ‎Section 2.09 and may bear notations, legends or endorsements required by law, stock exchange rule or usage or the Depositary. Each Note will be dated as of the date of its authentication.

Except to the extent otherwise provided in a Company Order delivered to the Trustee in connection with the issuance and authentication thereof, the Notes will be issued initially in the

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form of one or more Global Notes. Global Notes may be exchanged for Physical Notes, and Physical Notes may be exchanged for Global Notes, only as provided in ‎Section 2.10.

The Notes will be issuable only in registered form without interest coupons and only in Authorized Denominations.

Each certificate representing a Note will bear a unique registration number that is not affixed to any other certificate representing another outstanding Note.

The terms contained in the Notes constitute part of this Indenture, and, to the extent applicable, the Company and the Trustee, by their execution and delivery of this Indenture, agree to such terms and to be bound thereby; provided, however, that, to the extent that any provision of any Note conflicts with the provisions of this Indenture, the provisions of this Indenture will control for purposes of this Indenture and such Note.

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The Company will require each Paying Agent or Conversion Agent that is not the Trustee to agree in writing that such Note Agent will (A) hold in trust for the benefit of Holders or the Trustee all money and other property held by such Note Agent for payment or delivery due on the Notes; and (B) notify the Trustee of any default by the Company in making any such payment or delivery. The Company, at any time, may, and the Trustee, while any Default continues, may, require a Paying Agent or Conversion Agent to pay or deliver, as applicable, all money and other property held by it to the Trustee, after which payment or delivery, as applicable, such Note Agent (if not the Company or any of its Subsidiaries) will have no further liability for such money or property. If the Company or any of its Subsidiaries acts as Paying Agent or Conversion Agent, then (A) it will segregate and hold in a separate trust fund for the benefit of the Holders or the Trustee all money and other property held by it as Paying Agent or Conversion Agent; and (B) references in this Indenture or the Notes to the Paying Agent or Conversion Agent holding cash or other property, or to the delivery of cash or other property to the Paying Agent or Conversion Agent, in each case for payment or delivery to any Holders or the Trustee or with respect to the Notes, will be deemed to refer to cash or other property so segregated and held separately, or to

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the segregation and separate holding of such cash or other property, respectively. Upon the occurrence of any event pursuant to clause ‎(viii) or ‎(ix) of ‎Section 7.01(A) with respect to the Company (or with respect to any Subsidiary of the Company acting as Paying Agent or Conversion Agent), the Trustee will serve as the Paying Agent or Conversion Agent, as applicable, for the Notes.

If the Trustee is not the Registrar, then the Company will furnish to the Trustee, no later than seven (7) Business Days before each Interest Payment Date, and at such other times as the Trustee may request, a list, in such form and as of such date or time as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the Holders.

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then the Company, the Trustee and the Registrar may refuse to effect such identification, removal or transfer, as applicable, unless there is delivered to the Company, the Trustee and the Registrar such certificates or other documentation or evidence as the Company, the Trustee and the Registrar may reasonably require in order for the Company to determine that such identification, removal or transfer, as applicable, complies with the Securities Act and other applicable securities laws; provided, however, that no such certificates, documentation or evidence need be so delivered on or after the Free Trade Date with respect to such Note unless the Company determines, in its reasonable discretion, that such Note is not eligible to be offered, sold or otherwise transferred pursuant to Rule 144 or otherwise without any requirements as to volume, manner of sale, availability of current public information or notice under the Securities Act.

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Without limiting the generality of any other provision of this Indenture (including ‎Section 3.04), the Restricted Note Legend affixed to any Note will be deemed, pursuant to this ‎Section 2.12 and the footnote to such Restricted Note Legend, to be removed therefrom upon the Company’s delivery to the Trustee of notice, signed on behalf of the Company by one (1) of its Officers, to such effect (and, for the avoidance of doubt, such notice need not be accompanied by

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an Officer’s Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel in order to be effective to cause such Restricted Note Legend to be deemed to be removed from such Note unless a new Note is to be authenticated in connection therewith). If such Note bears a “restricted” CUSIP or ISIN number at the time of such delivery, then, upon such delivery, such Note will be deemed, pursuant to this ‎Section 2.12 and the footnotes to the CUSIP and ISIN numbers set forth on the face of the certificate representing such Note, to thereafter bear the “unrestricted” CUSIP and ISIN numbers identified in such footnotes; provided, however, that if such Note is a Global Note and the Depositary thereof requires a mandatory exchange or other procedure to cause such Global Note to be identified by “unrestricted” CUSIP and ISIN numbers in the facilities of such Depositary, then (i) the Company will effect such exchange or procedure as soon as reasonably practicable; and (ii) for purposes of ‎Section 3.04 and the definition of Freely Tradable, such Global Note will not be deemed to be identified by “unrestricted” CUSIP and ISIN numbers until such time as such exchange or procedure is effected.

If a Holder of any Note claims that such Note has been mutilated, lost, destroyed or wrongfully taken, then the Company will issue, execute and deliver, and the Trustee will authenticate, in each case in accordance with ‎Section 2.02, a replacement Note upon surrender to the Trustee of such mutilated Note, or upon delivery to the Trustee of evidence of such loss, destruction or wrongful taking reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee and the Company. In the case of a lost, destroyed or wrongfully taken Note, the Company and the Trustee may require the Holder thereof to provide such security or indemnity that is satisfactory to the Company and the Trustee to protect the Company and the Trustee from any loss that any of them may suffer if such Note is replaced. The Company may charge for its and the Trustee’s expenses in replacing a Note.

Every replacement Note issued pursuant to this ‎Section 2.13 will be an additional obligation of the Company and will be entitled to all of the benefits of this Indenture equally and ratably with all other Notes issued under this Indenture.

Except to the extent rights hereunder are expressly granted to owners of beneficial interests of Notes, only the Holder of a Note will have rights under this Indenture as the owner of such Note. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, Depositary Participants will have no rights as such under this Indenture with respect to any Global Note held on their behalf by the Depositary or its nominee, or by the Trustee as its custodian, and the Company, the Trustee and the Note Agents, and their respective agents, may treat the Depositary as the absolute owner of such Global Note for all purposes whatsoever; provided, however, that (A) the Holder of any Global Note may grant proxies and otherwise authorize any Person, including Depositary Participants and Persons that hold interests in Notes through Depositary Participants, to take any action that such Holder is entitled to take with respect to such Global Note under this Indenture or the Notes; and (B) the Company and the Trustee, and their respective agents, may give effect to any written certification, proxy or other authorization furnished by the Depositary.

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The Company may at any time deliver Notes to the Trustee for cancellation. The Registrar, the Paying Agent and the Conversion Agent will forward to the Trustee each Note duly surrendered to them for transfer, exchange, payment or conversion. The Company will cause all Notes surrendered to the Company or its Subsidiaries or agents for payment at maturity, Repurchase Upon Fundamental Change or Redemption, or for registration of transfer or exchange (other than a transfer or exchange to, or for the benefit of, the Company or its Subsidiaries or other Affiliates) or for conversion to be delivered to the Trustee for cancellation in accordance with this ‎Section 2.15 and such Notes will no longer be considered “outstanding” under this Indenture upon such payment or conversion, or upon the effectuation of such transfer or exchange, as applicable. The Trustee will promptly cancel all Notes so surrendered or delivered to it in accordance with its customary procedures. Without limiting the generality of ‎Section 2.03(B), the Company may not originally issue new Notes to replace Notes that it has paid or that have been cancelled upon transfer, exchange, payment or conversion.

Without limiting the generality of Sections ‎2.15, ‎2.18 or ‎3.07, in determining whether the Holders of the required aggregate principal amount of Notes have concurred in any direction, waiver or consent or other action under this Indenture, Notes owned by the Company or any of its Affiliates will be deemed not to be outstanding; provided, however, that, for purposes of determining whether the Trustee is protected in relying on any such direction, waiver or consent or other action under this Indenture, only Notes that a Responsible Officer of the Trustee knows are so owned will be so disregarded. Upon request of the Trustee, the Company will furnish to the Trustee promptly an Officer’s Certificate listing and identifying all Notes, if any, known by the Company to be owned or held by or for the account of any of the above described Persons; and, subject to ‎Section 10.01, the Trustee will be entitled to accept such Officer’s Certificate as conclusive evidence of the facts therein set forth and of the fact that all Notes not listed therein are outstanding for the purpose of any such determination.

Until definitive Notes are ready for delivery, the Company may issue, execute and deliver, and the Trustee will authenticate, in each case in accordance with ‎Section 2.02, temporary Notes. Temporary Notes will be substantially in the form of definitive Notes but may have variations that the Company considers appropriate for temporary Notes. The Company will promptly prepare, issue, execute and deliver, and the Trustee will authenticate, in each case in accordance with ‎Section 2.02, definitive Notes in exchange for temporary Notes. Until so exchanged, each temporary Note will in all respects be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Notes.

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Without limiting the generality of Sections ‎2.15, ‎2.16 and ‎3.07, the Company may, from time to time, repurchase Notes in open market purchases or in negotiated transactions without delivering prior notice to Holders.

Subject to ‎Section 2.12, the Company may use one or more CUSIP or ISIN numbers to identify any of the Notes, and, if so, the Company and the Trustee will use such CUSIP or ISIN number(s) in notices to Holders; provided, however, that (i) the Trustee makes no representation

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as to the correctness or accuracy of any such CUSIP or ISIN number; and (ii) the effectiveness of any such notice will not be affected by any defect in, or omission of, any such CUSIP or ISIN number. The Company will promptly notify the Trustee of any change in the CUSIP or ISIN number(s) identifying any Notes.

The “grace periods” referred to in the preceding paragraph with respect to any report will include the maximum period afforded by Rule 12b-25 (or any successor rule thereto) under the Exchange Act regardless of whether the Company files, or indicates in the related Form 12b-25 (or any successor form thereto) that Company expects to or will file, such report before the expiration of such maximum period.

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If the Company is not subject to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act at any time when any Notes or shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Notes are outstanding and constitute “restricted securities” (as defined in Rule 144), then the Company (or its successor) will promptly provide, to the Trustee and, upon written request, to any Holder, beneficial owner or prospective purchaser of such Notes or shares, the information required to be delivered pursuant to Rule 144A(d)(4) under the Securities Act to facilitate the resale of such Notes or shares pursuant to Rule 144A. The Company (or its successor) will take such further action as any Holder or beneficial owner of such Notes or shares may reasonably request to enable such Holder or beneficial owner to sell such Notes or shares pursuant to Rule 144A.

then Additional Interest will accrue on such Note for each day during such period on which such failure is continuing or such Note is not Freely Tradable. The “grace periods” referred to in the preceding sentence with respect to any report will include the maximum period afforded by Rule 12b-25 (or any successor rule thereto) under the Exchange Act regardless of whether the Company files, or indicates in the related Form 12b-25 (or any successor form thereto) that Company expects to or will file, such report before the expiration of such maximum period.

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Any accrued and unpaid Additional Interest that, in accordance with the provision described in the preceding sentence, is not paid on such Interest Payment Date is referred to as “Deferred Additional Interest,” and, without any further action by the Company or any other Person, interest will accrue on such Deferred Additional Interest from, and including, such Interest Payment Date at a rate per annum equal to the rate per annum at which Stated Interest accrues on the Notes to, but excluding, the date on which such Deferred Additional Interest, together with accrued interest thereon, is paid. Each reference in this Indenture or the Notes to any accrued interest (including in the definitions of the Redemption Price and the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price for any Note) or to any accrued Additional Interest includes, to the extent applicable, and without duplication, any Deferred Additional Interest, together with accrued and unpaid interest thereon.

Once any accrued and unpaid Additional Interest becomes payable on an Interest Payment Date (whether as a result of the delivery of a written notice as described above or, if earlier, the Company’s election to pay the same), Additional Interest will thereafter not be subject to deferral as described above.

For the avoidance of doubt, the failure to pay any accrued and unpaid Additional Interest on an Interest Payment Date will not constitute a Default or an Event of Default under this Indenture or

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the Notes if such payment is deferred in accordance with the provisions described above. Otherwise, such a failure to pay will be subject to the provision described in Section 7.01(A)(ii).

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Indenture or the Notes, if (i) any unpaid Deferred Additional Interest exists on any Notes as of the Close of Business on the Regular Record Date immediately preceding the Maturity Date; (ii) no Holder (or owner of a beneficial interest in a Global Note) has delivered a Deferred Additional Interest Demand Request in the manner described above before such Regular Record Date; and (iii) the Company has not sent a Notice of Election to Pay Deferred Additional Interest in the manner described above before such record date, then Deferred Additional Interest on each Note then outstanding will cease to accrue, and all Deferred Additional Interest, together with interest thereon, on such Note will be deemed to be extinguished on the following date: (a) if such Note is to be converted, the Conversion Date for such conversion (it being understood, for the avoidance of doubt, that the Conversion Consideration therefor need not include, and the amount referred to in clause (i) of Section 5.02(D) need not include, the payment of any such Deferred Additional Interest or any interest thereon); and (b) in all other cases, the later of (x) the Maturity Date; and (y) the first date on which the Company has repaid the principal of, and accrued and unpaid interest (other than such Deferred Additional Interest and any interest thereon) on, such Note in full.

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To the extent that it may lawfully do so, the Company (A) agrees that it will not at any time insist upon, plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay, extension or usury law (wherever or whenever enacted or in force) that may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture; and (B) expressly waives all benefits or advantages of any such law and agrees that it will not, by resort to any such law, hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power granted to the Trustee by this Indenture, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law has been enacted.

Without limiting the generality of ‎Section 2.18, Notes that the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or other Affiliates have purchased or otherwise acquired (other than Notes surrendered to the Company or its Subsidiaries or agents for payment at maturity, Repurchase Upon Fundamental Change or Redemption, or for registration of transfer or exchange (other than a transfer or exchange to, or for the benefit of, the Company or its Subsidiaries or other Affiliates) or for conversion) will be deemed to remain outstanding (except to the extent provided in ‎Section 2.16) until such time as such Notes are delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.

No sinking fund is required to be provided for the Notes.

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Such Fundamental Change Notice must state:

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Neither the failure to deliver a Fundamental Change Notice nor any defect in a Fundamental Change Notice will limit the Fundamental Change Repurchase Right of any Holder or otherwise affect the validity of any proceedings relating to any Repurchase Upon Fundamental Change.

The Paying Agent will promptly deliver to the Company a copy of each Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice that it receives.

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provided, however, that if such Note is a Global Note, then such Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice must comply with the Depositary Procedures (and any such Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice delivered in compliance with the Depositary Procedures will be deemed to satisfy the requirements of this ‎Section 4.02(F)).

provided, however, that if such Note is a Global Note, then such withdrawal notice must comply with the Depositary Procedures (and any such withdrawal notice delivered in compliance with the Depositary Procedures will be deemed to satisfy the requirements of this ‎Section 4.02(F)).

Upon receipt of any such withdrawal notice with respect to a Note (or any portion thereof), the Paying Agent will (x) promptly deliver a copy of such withdrawal notice to the Company; and (y) if such Note is surrendered to the Paying Agent, cause such Note (or such portion thereof in accordance with ‎Section 2.11, treating such Note as having been then surrendered for partial repurchase in the amount set forth in such withdrawal notice as remaining subject to repurchase) to be returned to the Holder thereof (or, if applicable with respect to any Global Note, cancel any instructions for book-entry transfer to the Company, the Trustee or the Paying Agent of the applicable beneficial interest in such Note in accordance with the Depositary Procedures).

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Such Redemption Notice must state:

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On or before the Redemption Notice Date, the Company will send a copy of such Redemption Notice to the Trustee, the Conversion Agent and the Paying Agent. At the Company’s written request, the Trustee will give the Redemption Notice in the Company’s name and at its expense, provided that the Company delivers to the Trustee, at least five (5) Business Days in the case of Physical Notes and five (5) calendar days in the case of Global Notes prior to the Redemption Notice Date (unless the Trustee agrees to a shorter period), an Officer’s Certificate requesting that the Trustee give such notice and setting forth the information to be stated in such notice as provided in this ‎Section 4.03(F).

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The Trading Price will be determined by the Bid Solicitation Agent pursuant to this ‎Section 5.01(C)(i)(2) and the definition of “Trading Price.” The Bid Solicitation Agent (if not the Company) will have no obligation to determine the Trading Price of the Notes unless the Company has requested such determination in writing, and the Company will have no obligation to make such request (or seek bids itself) unless a Holder provides the Company with reasonable evidence that the Trading Price per $1,000 principal amount of Notes would be less than ninety-eight percent (98%) of the product of the Last Reported Sale Price per share of Common Stock and the Conversion Rate. If a Holder provides such evidence, then the Company will (if acting as Bid Solicitation Agent), or will instruct the Bid Solicitation Agent to, determine the Trading Price of the Notes beginning on the next Trading Day and on each successive Trading Day until the Trading Price per $1,000 principal amount of Notes is greater than or equal to ninety-eight percent (98%) of the product of the Last Reported Sale Price per share of Common Stock on such Trading Day and the Conversion Rate on such Trading Day. If the Trading Price Condition has been met as set forth above, then the Company will notify the Holders, the Trustee and the Conversion Agent of the same. If, on any Trading Day after the Trading Price Condition has been met as set forth above, the Trading Price per $1,000 principal amount of Notes is greater than or equal to ninety-eight percent (98%) of the product of the Last Reported Sale Price per share of Common Stock on such Trading Day and the Conversion Rate on such Trading Day, then the Company will notify the Holders, the Trustee and the Conversion Agent of the same.

(a) Certain Distributions. If, before the Close of Business on the Business Day before June 15, 2030, the Company elects to:

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then, in either case, (x) the Company will send written notice of such distribution, and of the related right to convert Notes, to Holders, the Trustee and the Conversion Agent at least fifty-five (55) Scheduled Trading Days before the Ex-Dividend Date for such distribution (or, if later in the case of any such separation of rights issued pursuant to a stockholder rights plan or the occurrence of any such triggering event under a stockholder rights plan, no later than the Business Day after the Company becomes aware that such separation or triggering event has occurred or will occur); and (y) once the Company has sent such notice, Holders may convert their Notes at any time until the earlier of the Close of Business on the Business Day immediately before such Ex-Dividend Date and the Company’s announcement that such distribution will not take place; provided, however, that the Notes will not become convertible pursuant to clause (y) above (but the Company will be required to send notice of such distribution pursuant to clause (x) above) on account of such distribution if each Holder participates, at the same time and on the same terms as holders of Common Stock, and solely by virtue of being a Holder, in such distribution without having to convert such Holder’s Notes and as if such Holder held a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the product of (i) the Conversion Rate in effect on the record date for such distribution; and (ii) the aggregate principal amount (expressed in thousands) of Notes held by such Holder on such date.

(b) Certain Corporate Events. If a Fundamental Change, Make-Whole Fundamental Change (other than a Make-Whole Fundamental Change pursuant to clause (B) of the definition thereof) or Common Stock Change Event occurs (other than a merger or other business combination transaction that is effected solely to change the Company’s jurisdiction of incorporation and that does not constitute a Fundamental Change or a Make-Whole Fundamental Change), then, in each case, Holders may convert their Notes at any time from, and including, the effective date of such transaction or event to, and including, the thirty-fifth (35th) Trading Day after such effective date (or, if such transaction or event also constitutes a Fundamental Change (other than an Exempted Fundamental Change), to, but excluding, the related Fundamental Change Repurchase Date); provided, however, that if the Company does not provide the notice referred to in the immediately following sentence by the Business Day after such effective date, then the last day on which the Notes are convertible pursuant to this sentence will be extended by the number of Business Days from, and including, the Business Day after

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such effective date to, but excluding, the date the Company provides such notice. No later than the Business Day after such effective date, the Company will send written notice to the Holders, the Trustee and the Conversion Agent of such transaction or event, such effective date and the related right to convert Notes.

For the avoidance of doubt, the Notes may become convertible pursuant to any one or more of the preceding sub-paragraphs of this ‎Section 5.01(C)(i) and the Notes ceasing to be convertible pursuant to a particular sub-paragraph of this ‎Section 5.01(C)(i) will not preclude the Notes from being convertible pursuant to any other sub-paragraph of this ‎Section 5.01(C)(i).

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where:

CR0 = the Conversion Rate in effect immediately before the Open of Business on the Ex-Dividend Date for such dividend or distribution, or immediately before the Open of Business on the effective date of such stock split or stock combination, as applicable;

CR1 = the Conversion Rate in effect immediately after the Open of Business on such Ex-Dividend Date or effective date, as applicable;

OS0 = the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately before the Open of Business on such Ex-Dividend Date or effective date, as applicable, without giving effect to such dividend, distribution, stock split or stock combination; and

OS1 = the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such dividend, distribution, stock split or stock combination.

If any dividend, distribution, stock split or stock combination of the type described in this ‎Section 5.05(A)(i) is declared or announced, but not so paid or made, then the Conversion Rate will be readjusted, effective as of the date the Board of Directors determines not to pay such dividend or distribution or to effect such stock split or stock combination, to the Conversion Rate that would then be in effect had such dividend, distribution, stock split or stock combination not been declared or announced.

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where:

CR0 = the Conversion Rate in effect immediately before the Open of Business on the Ex-Dividend Date for such distribution;

CR1 = the Conversion Rate in effect immediately after the Open of Business on such Ex-Dividend Date;

OS = the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately before the Open of Business on such Ex-Dividend Date;

X = the total number of shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to such rights, options or warrants; and

Y = a number of shares of Common Stock obtained by dividing (x) the aggregate price payable to exercise such rights, options or warrants by (y) the average of the Last Reported Sale Prices per share of Common Stock for the ten (10) consecutive Trading Days ending on, and including, the Trading Day immediately before the date such distribution is announced.

To the extent that shares of Common Stock are not delivered after the expiration of such rights, options or warrants (including as a result of such rights, options or warrants not being exercised), the Conversion Rate will be readjusted to the Conversion Rate that would then be in effect had the increase to the Conversion Rate for such distribution been made on the basis of delivery of only the number of shares of Common Stock actually delivered upon exercise of such rights, options or warrants. To the extent such rights, options or warrants are not so distributed, the Conversion Rate will be readjusted to the Conversion Rate that would then be in effect had the Ex-Dividend Date for the distribution of such rights, options or warrants not occurred.

For purposes of this ‎Section 5.05(A)(ii) and ‎Section 5.01‎(C)‎(i)‎(3)‎(a)‎(I), in determining whether any rights, options or warrants entitle holders of Common Stock to subscribe for

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or purchase shares of Common Stock at a price per share that is less than the average of the Last Reported Sale Prices per share of Common Stock for the ten (10) consecutive Trading Days ending on, and including, the Trading Day immediately before the date the distribution of such rights, options or warrants is announced, and in determining the aggregate price payable to exercise such rights, options or warrants, there will be taken into account any consideration the Company receives for such rights, options or warrants and any amount payable on exercise thereof, with the value of such consideration, if not cash, to be determined by the Company in good faith.

(a) dividends, distributions, rights, options or warrants for which an adjustment to the Conversion Rate is required (or would be required without regard to ‎Section 5.05(C)) pursuant to Section ‎5.05(A)(i) or ‎5.05(A)(ii);

(b) dividends or distributions paid exclusively in cash for which an adjustment to the Conversion Rate is required (or would be required without regard to ‎Section 5.05(C)) pursuant to ‎Section 5.05(A)(iv);

(c) rights issued or otherwise distributed pursuant to a stockholder rights plan, except to the extent provided in ‎Section 5.05(F);

(d) Spin-Offs for which an adjustment to the Conversion Rate is required (or would be required without regard to ‎Section 5.05(C)) pursuant to ‎Section 5.05(A)(iii)(2);

(e) a distribution solely pursuant to a tender offer or exchange offer for shares of Common Stock, as to which ‎Section 5.05(A)(v) will apply; and

(f) a distribution solely pursuant to a Common Stock Change Event, as to which ‎Section 5.09 will apply,

then the Conversion Rate will be increased based on the following formula:

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where:

CR0 = the Conversion Rate in effect immediately before the Open of Business on the Ex-Dividend Date for such distribution;

CR1 = the Conversion Rate in effect immediately after the Open of Business on such Ex-Dividend Date;

SP = the average of the Last Reported Sale Prices per share of Common Stock for the ten (10) consecutive Trading Days ending on, and including, the Trading Day immediately before such Ex-Dividend Date; and

FMV = the fair market value (as determined by the Company in good faith), as of such Ex-Dividend Date, of the shares of Capital Stock, evidences of indebtedness, assets, property, rights, options or warrants distributed per share of Common Stock pursuant to such distribution;

provided, however, that if FMV is equal to or greater than SP, then, in lieu of the foregoing adjustment to the Conversion Rate, each Holder will receive, for each $1,000 principal amount of Notes held by such Holder on the record date for such distribution, at the same time and on the same terms as holders of Common Stock, and without having to convert its Notes, the amount and kind of shares of Capital Stock, evidences of indebtedness, assets, property, rights, options or warrants that such Holder would have received if such Holder had owned, on such record date, a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the Conversion Rate in effect on such record date.

To the extent such distribution is not so paid or made, the Conversion Rate will be readjusted to the Conversion Rate that would then be in effect had the adjustment been made on the basis of only the distribution, if any, actually made or paid.

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where:

CR0 = the Conversion Rate in effect immediately before the Close of Business on the last Trading Day of the Spin-Off Valuation Period for such Spin-Off;

CR1 = the Conversion Rate in effect immediately after the Close of Business on the last Trading Day of the Spin-Off Valuation Period;

FMV = the product of (x) the average of the Last Reported Sale Prices per share or unit of the Capital Stock or equity interests distributed in such Spin-Off over the ten (10) consecutive Trading Day period (the “Spin-Off Valuation Period”) beginning on, and including, the Ex-Dividend Date for such Spin-Off (such average to be determined as if references to Common Stock in the definitions of Last Reported Sale Price, Trading Day and Market Disruption Event were instead references to such Capital Stock or equity interests); and (y) the number of shares or units of such Capital Stock or equity interests distributed per share of Common Stock in such Spin-Off; and

SP = the average of the Last Reported Sale Prices per share of Common Stock for each Trading Day in the Spin-Off Valuation Period.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this ‎Section 5.05(A)(iii)(2), if any VWAP Trading Day of the Observation Period for a Note to be converted occurs during the Spin-Off Valuation Period for such Spin-Off, then, solely for purposes of determining the Conversion Rate for such VWAP Trading Day for such conversion, such Spin-Off Valuation Period will be deemed to consist of the Trading Days occurring in the period from, and including, the Ex-Dividend Date for such Spin-Off to, and including, such VWAP Trading Day.

To the extent any dividend or distribution of the type set forth in this ‎Section 5.05(A)(iii)(2) is declared but not made or paid, the Conversion Rate will be readjusted to the Conversion Rate that would then be in effect had the adjustment been made on the basis of only the dividend or distribution, if any, actually made or paid.

CR1=CR0×SPSP-D

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where:

CR0 = the Conversion Rate in effect immediately before the Open of Business on the Ex-Dividend Date for such dividend or distribution;

CR1 = the Conversion Rate in effect immediately after the Open of Business on such Ex-Dividend Date;

SP = the Last Reported Sale Price per share of Common Stock on the Trading Day immediately before such Ex-Dividend Date; and

D = the cash amount distributed per share of Common Stock in such dividend or distribution;

provided, however, that if D is equal to or greater than SP, then, in lieu of the foregoing adjustment to the Conversion Rate, each Holder will receive, for each $1,000 principal amount of Notes held by such Holder on the record date for such dividend or distribution, at the same time and on the same terms as holders of Common Stock, and without having to convert its Notes, the amount of cash that such Holder would have received if such Holder had owned, on such record date, a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the Conversion Rate in effect on such record date.

To the extent such dividend or distribution is declared but not made or paid, the Conversion Rate will be readjusted to the Conversion Rate that would then be in effect had the adjustment been made on the basis of only the dividend or distribution, if any, actually made or paid.

where:

CR0 = the Conversion Rate in effect immediately before the Close of Business on the last Trading Day of the Tender/Exchange Offer Valuation Period for such tender or exchange offer;

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CR1 = the Conversion Rate in effect immediately after the Close of Business on the last Trading Day of the Tender/Exchange Offer Valuation Period;

AC = the aggregate value, as of the time such tender or exchange offer expires (the “Expiration Time”), of all cash and other consideration paid or payable for shares of Common Stock purchased or exchanged in such tender or exchange offer (such aggregate value to be determined, other than with respect to cash, by the Company in good faith);

OS0 = the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately before the Expiration Time (including all shares of Common Stock accepted for purchase or exchange in such tender or exchange offer);

OS1 = the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after the Expiration Time (excluding all shares of Common Stock accepted for purchase or exchange in such tender or exchange offer); and

SP = the average of the Last Reported Sale Prices per share of Common Stock over the ten (10) consecutive Trading Day period (the “Tender/Exchange Offer Valuation Period”) beginning on, and including, the Trading Day immediately after the Expiration Date;

provided, however, that the Conversion Rate will in no event be adjusted down pursuant to this ‎Section 5.05(A)(v), except to the extent provided in the immediately following paragraph. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this ‎Section 5.05(A)(v), if any VWAP Trading Day of the Observation Period for a Note to be converted occurs during the Tender/Exchange Offer Valuation Period for such tender or exchange offer, then, solely for purposes of determining the Conversion Rate for such VWAP Trading Day for such conversion, such Tender/Exchange Offer Valuation Period will be deemed to consist of the Trading Days occurring in the period from, and including, the Trading Day immediately after the Expiration Date for such tender or exchange offer to, and including, such VWAP Trading Day.

To the extent such tender or exchange offer is announced but not consummated (including as a result of the Company being precluded from consummating such tender or exchange offer under applicable law), or any purchases or exchanges of shares of Common Stock in such tender or exchange offer are rescinded, the Conversion Rate will be readjusted to the Conversion Rate that would then be in effect had the adjustment been made on the basis of only the purchases or exchanges of shares of Common Stock, if any, actually made, and not rescinded, in such tender or exchange offer.

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then, solely for purposes of such conversion, the Company will, without duplication, give effect to such adjustment on such VWAP Trading Day. In such case, if the date on which the Company is otherwise required to deliver the consideration due upon such conversion is before the first date on which the amount of such adjustment can be determined, then the Company will delay the settlement of such conversion until the second (2nd) Business Day after such determination date.

then the Conversion Rate adjustment relating to such Ex-Dividend Date will be made for such conversion in respect of such VWAP Trading Day, but the shares of Common Stock issuable with respect to such VWAP Trading Day based on such adjusted Conversion Rate will not be entitled to participate in such dividend or distribution.

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If such Make-Whole Fundamental Change Effective Date or the Redemption Notice Date, as the case may be, or Stock Price is not set forth in the table above, then:

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Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Indenture or the Notes, in no event will the Conversion Rate be increased to an amount that exceeds 112.8668 shares of Common Stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, which amount is subject to adjustment in the same manner as, and at the same time and for the same events for which, the Conversion Rate is required to be adjusted pursuant to ‎Section 5.05(A).

For the avoidance of doubt, (x) the sending of a Redemption Notice will constitute a Make-Whole Fundamental Change only with respect to the Notes called (or deemed, pursuant to ‎Section 4.03(I), to be called) for Redemption pursuant to such Redemption Notice, and not with respect to any other Notes; and (y) the Conversion Rate applicable to the Notes not so called for Redemption will not be subject to increase pursuant to this ‎Section 5.07 on account of such Redemption Notice, except to the limited extent described in ‎Section 4.03(I).

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this ‎Article 5, and subject to the terms of this ‎Section 5.08, if a Note is submitted for conversion, the Company may elect to arrange to have such Note exchanged in lieu of conversion by a financial institution designated by the Company. To make such election, the Company must send notice of such election to the Holder of such Note, the Trustee and the Conversion Agent before the Close of Business on the Business Day immediately following the Conversion Date for such Note. If the Company has made such election, then:

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provided, however, that if such financial institution does not accept such Note or fails to timely deliver such Conversion Consideration, then the Company will be responsible for delivering such Conversion Consideration in the manner and at the time provided in this ‎Article 5 as if the Company had not elected to make an exchange in lieu of conversion. The Conversion Agent and the Trustee will be entitled to conclusively rely upon the Company’s instruction in connection with effecting such exchange election and will have no liability in respect of such exchange election.

and, as a result of which, the Common Stock is converted into, or is exchanged for, or represents solely the right to receive, other securities, cash or other property, or any combination of the foregoing (such an event, a “Common Stock Change Event,” and such other securities, cash or property, the “Reference Property,” and the amount and kind of Reference Property that a holder of one (1) share of Common Stock would be entitled to receive on account of such Common Stock Change Event (without giving effect to any arrangement not to issue or deliver a fractional portion of any security or other property), a “Reference Property Unit”), then, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Indenture or the Notes,

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(1) from and after the effective time of such Common Stock Change Event, (I) the Conversion Consideration due upon conversion of any Note, and the conditions to any such conversion, will be determined in the same manner as if each reference to any number of shares of Common Stock in this ‎Article 5 (or in any related definitions) were instead a reference to the same number of Reference Property Units; (II) for purposes of ‎Section 4.03, each reference to any number of shares of Common Stock in such Section (or in any related definitions) will instead be deemed to be a reference to the same number of Reference Property Units; and (III) for purposes of the definitions of “Fundamental Change” and “Make-Whole Fundamental Change,” references to “Common Stock” and the Company’s “Common Equity” will be deemed to refer to the Common Equity, if any, forming part of such Reference Property;

(2) if such Reference Property Unit consists entirely of cash, then (i) each conversion of any Note with a Conversion Date that occurs on or after the effective date of such Common Stock Change Event will be settled entirely in cash in an amount, per $1,000 principal amount of such Note being converted, equal to the product of (x) the Conversion Rate in effect on such Conversion Date (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any increase to such Conversion Rate pursuant to ‎Section 5.07, if applicable) and (y) the amount of cash constituting such Reference Property Unit; and (ii) the Company will settle each such conversion no later than the second (2nd) Business Day after the relevant Conversion Date; and

(3) for these purposes, (I) the Daily VWAP of any Reference Property Unit or portion thereof that consists of a class of Common Equity securities will be determined by reference to the definition of “Daily VWAP,” substituting, if applicable, the Bloomberg page for such class of securities in such definition; and (II) the Daily VWAP of any Reference Property Unit or portion thereof that does not consist of a class of Common Equity securities, and the Last Reported Sale Price of any Reference Property Unit or portion thereof that does not consist of a class of securities, will be the fair value of such Reference Property Unit or portion thereof, as applicable, determined in good faith and in a commercially reasonable manner by the Company (or, in the case of cash denominated in U.S. dollars, the face amount thereof).

If the Reference Property consists of more than a single type of consideration to be determined based in part upon any form of stockholder election, then the composition of the Reference Property Unit will be deemed to be the weighted average of the types and amounts of consideration actually received, per share of Common Stock, by the holders of Common Stock. The Company will notify Holders, the Trustee and the Conversion Agent (if other than the Trustee) of such weighted average as soon as practicable after such determination is made.

At or before the effective time of such Common Stock Change Event, the Company and the resulting, surviving or transferee Person (if not the Company) of such Common Stock Change Event (the “Successor Person”) will execute and deliver to the Trustee a supplemental indenture pursuant to ‎Section 8.01(F), which supplemental indenture will (x) provide for subsequent conversions of Notes in the manner set forth in this ‎Section 5.09; (y) provide for subsequent adjustments to the Conversion Rate pursuant to ‎Section 5.05(A) in a manner consistent with this

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‎Section 5.09; and (z) contain such other provisions, if any, that the Company reasonably determines are appropriate to preserve the economic interests of the Holders and to give effect to the provisions of this ‎Section 5.09(A). If the Reference Property includes shares of stock or other securities or assets (other than cash) of a Person other than the Successor Person, then such other Person will also execute such supplemental indenture and such supplemental indenture will contain such additional provisions, if any, that the Company reasonably determines are appropriate to preserve the economic interests of the Holders.

At the effective time of any Business Combination Event that complies with ‎Section 6.01, the Successor Entity (if not the Company) will succeed to, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under this Indenture and the Notes with the same effect as if such Successor Entity had been named as the Company in this Indenture and the Notes, and, except in the case of

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a lease, the predecessor Company will be discharged from its obligations under this Indenture and the Notes.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this ‎Article 6, this ‎Article 6 will not apply to any transfer of assets between or among the Company and any one or more of its Wholly Owned Subsidiaries not effected by merger or consolidation.

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in each case where such default is not cured or waived within thirty (30) days after notice to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by Holders of at least twenty-five percent (25%) of the aggregate principal amount of Notes then outstanding;

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and, in each case under this ‎Section 7.01(A)(ix), such order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for at least sixty (60) days.

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An Event of Default pursuant to clause ‎(i), ‎(ii), ‎(iv) or ‎(vi) of ‎Section 7.01(A) (that, in the case of clause ‎(vi) only, results from a Default under any covenant that cannot be amended without the consent of each affected Holder), and a Default that could lead to such an Event of Default, can be waived only with the consent of each affected Holder. Each other Default or Event of Default may be waived, on behalf of all Holders, by the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding. If an Event of Default is so waived, then it will cease to exist. If a Default is so waived, then it will be deemed to be cured and any Event of Default arising therefrom will be deemed not to occur. However, no such waiver will extend to any subsequent or other Default or Event of Default or impair any right arising therefrom.

Subject to the last sentence of this paragraph, Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding may direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for exercising any remedy available to the Trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on it. However, the Trustee may refuse to follow any direction that conflicts with law, this Indenture or the Notes, or that, subject to Section 10.01, the Trustee determines may be unduly prejudicial to the rights of other Holders or may involve the Trustee in liability, unless the Trustee is offered (and, if requested, provided with) security and indemnity satisfactory to the Trustee against any loss, liability or expense to the Trustee that may result from the Trustee’s following such direction.

No Holder may pursue any remedy with respect to this Indenture or the Notes (except to enforce (x) its rights to receive the principal of, or the Redemption Price or Fundamental Change Repurchase Price for, or any interest on, any Notes; or (y) the Company’s obligations to convert any Notes pursuant to ‎Article 5), unless:

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A Holder of a Note may not use this Indenture to prejudice the rights of another Holder or to obtain a preference or priority over another Holder. The Trustee will have no duty to determine whether any Holder’s use of this Indenture complies with the preceding sentence.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Indenture or the Notes (but without limiting ‎Section 8.01), the right of each Holder of a Note to bring suit for the enforcement of any payment or delivery, as applicable, of the principal of, or the Redemption Price or Fundamental Change Repurchase Price for, or any interest on, or the Conversion Consideration due pursuant to ‎Article 5 upon conversion of, such Note on or after the respective due dates therefor provided in this Indenture and the Notes, will not be impaired or affected without the consent of such Holder.

The Trustee will have the right, upon the occurrence and continuance of an Event of Default pursuant to clause ‎(i), ‎(ii) or ‎(iv) of ‎Section 7.01(A), to recover judgment in its own name and as trustee of an express trust against the Company for the total unpaid or undelivered principal of, or Redemption Price or Fundamental Change Repurchase Price for, or any interest on, or Conversion Consideration due pursuant to ‎Article 5 upon conversion of, the Notes, as applicable, and, to the extent lawful, any Default Interest on any Defaulted Amounts, and such further amounts sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including compensation provided for in ‎Section 10.06.

The Trustee has the right to (A) file such proofs of claim and other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee and the Holders allowed in any judicial proceedings relative to the Company (or any other obligor upon the Notes) or its creditors or property and (B) collect, receive and distribute any money or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims. Each Holder authorizes any custodian in such proceeding to make such payments to the Trustee, and, if the Trustee consents to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due to the Trustee for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, and its agents and counsel, and any other amounts payable to the Trustee pursuant to ‎Section 10.06. To the extent that the payment of any such compensation, expenses, disbursements, advances and other amounts out of the estate in such proceeding, is denied for any reason, payment of the same will be secured by a lien (senior to the rights of Holders) on, and will be paid out of, any and all distributions, dividends, money, securities and other properties that the Holders may be entitled to receive in such proceeding (whether in liquidation or under any plan of reorganization or arrangement or otherwise). Nothing in this Indenture will be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize, consent to, accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Notes or the rights of any Holder, or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding.

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The Trustee will pay or deliver in the following order any money or other property that it collects pursuant to this ‎Article 7:

First: to the Trustee, the other Note Agents (other than the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates) and each of their agents and attorneys for amounts due under ‎Section 10.06, including payment of all fees, compensation, expenses and liabilities incurred, and all advances made, by the Trustee and the Note Agents (other than the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates) and the costs and expenses of collection;

Second: to Holders for unpaid amounts or other property due on the Notes, including the principal of, or the Redemption Price or Fundamental Change Repurchase Price for, or any interest on, or any Conversion Consideration due upon conversion of, the Notes, ratably, and without preference or priority of any kind, according to such amounts or other property due and payable on all of the Notes; and

Third: to the Company or such other Person as a court of competent jurisdiction directs.

The Trustee may fix a record date and payment date for any payment or delivery to the Holders pursuant to this ‎Section 7.11, in which case the Trustee will instruct the Company to, and the Company will, deliver, at least fifteen (15) calendar days before such record date, to each Holder and the Trustee a notice stating such record date, such payment date and the amount of such payment or nature of such delivery, as applicable.

In any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture or the Notes or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken or omitted by it as Trustee, a court, in its discretion, may (A) require the filing by any litigant party in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and (B) assess reasonable costs (including reasonable attorneys’ fees) against any litigant party in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such litigant party; provided, however, that this ‎Section 7.12 does not apply to any suit by the Trustee, any suit by a Holder pursuant to ‎Section 7.08 or any suit by one or more Holders of more than ten percent (10%) in aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in ‎Section 8.02, the Company and the Trustee may amend or supplement this Indenture or the Notes without the consent of any Holder to:

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At the written request of any Holder of a Note or owner of a beneficial interest in a Global Note, the Company will provide a copy of the “Description of Notes” section and pricing term sheet referred to in ‎Section 8.01(I).

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For the avoidance of doubt, pursuant to clauses ‎(i), ‎(ii), ‎(iii) and ‎(iv) of this ‎Section 8.02(A), no amendment or supplement to this Indenture or the Notes, or waiver of any provision of this Indenture or the Notes, may change the amount or type of consideration due on any Note (whether on an Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date, Fundamental Change Repurchase Date or the Maturity Date or upon conversion, or otherwise), or the date(s) or time(s) such consideration is payable or deliverable, as applicable, without the consent of each affected Holder.

As soon as reasonably practicable after any amendment, supplement or waiver pursuant to Section ‎8.01 or ‎8.02 becomes effective, the Company will send to the Holders and the Trustee notice that (A) describes the substance of such amendment, supplement or waiver in reasonable detail and (B) states the effective date thereof; provided, however, that the Company will not be required to provide such notice to the Holders if such amendment, supplement or waiver is included in a periodic report filed by the Company with the SEC within four (4) Business Days of

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its effectiveness. The failure to send, or the existence of any defect in, such notice will not impair or affect the validity of such amendment, supplement or waiver.

If any amendment, supplement or waiver changes the terms of a Note, then the Trustee or the Company may, in its discretion, require the Holder of such Note to deliver such Note to the Trustee so that the Trustee may place an appropriate notation prepared by the Company on such Note and return such Note to such Holder. Alternatively, at its discretion, the Company may, in exchange for such Note, issue, execute and deliver, and the Trustee will authenticate, in each case in accordance with ‎Section 2.02, a new Note that reflects the changed terms. The failure to make any appropriate notation or issue a new Note pursuant to this ‎Section 8.05 will not impair or affect the validity of such amendment, supplement or waiver.

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The Trustee will execute and deliver any amendment or supplemental indenture authorized pursuant to this ‎Article 8; provided, however, that the Trustee need not (but may, in its sole and absolute discretion) execute or deliver any such amendment or supplemental indenture that the Trustee concludes adversely affects the Trustee’s rights, duties, liabilities or immunities. In executing any amendment or supplemental indenture, the Trustee will be entitled to receive, and (subject to Sections ‎10.01 and ‎10.02) will be fully protected in relying on, an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel stating that (A) the execution and delivery of such amendment or supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture; and (B) in the case of the Opinion of Counsel, such amendment or supplemental indenture is valid, binding and enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms.

This Indenture will be discharged, and will cease to be of further effect as to all Notes issued under this Indenture, when:

provided, however, that ‎Article 10 and ‎Section 11.01 will survive such discharge and, until no Notes remain outstanding, ‎Section 2.15 and the obligations of the Trustee, the Paying Agent and the Conversion Agent with respect to money or other property deposited with them will survive such discharge.

At the Company’s request, the Trustee will acknowledge the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture.

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Subject to applicable unclaimed property law, the Trustee, the Paying Agent and the Conversion Agent will promptly notify the Company if there exists (and, at the Company’s request, promptly deliver to the Company) any cash, Conversion Consideration or other property held by any of them for payment or delivery on the Notes that remain unclaimed two (2) years after the date on which such payment or delivery was due. After such delivery to the Company, the Trustee, the Paying Agent and the Conversion Agent will have no further liability to any Holder with respect to such cash, Conversion Consideration or other property, and Holders entitled to the payment or delivery of such cash, Conversion Consideration or other property must look to the Company for payment as a general creditor of the Company.

If the Trustee, the Paying Agent or the Conversion Agent is unable to apply any cash or other property deposited with it pursuant to ‎Section 9.01 because of any legal proceeding or any order or judgment of any court or other governmental authority that enjoins, restrains or otherwise prohibits such application, then the discharge of this Indenture pursuant to ‎Section 9.01 will be rescinded; provided, however, that if the Company thereafter pays or delivers any cash or other property due on the Notes to the Holders thereof, then the Company will be subrogated to the rights of such Holders to receive such cash or other property from the cash or other property, if any, held by the Trustee, the Paying Agent or the Conversion Agent, as applicable.

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The Trustee, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of any Note and may otherwise deal with the Company or any of its Affiliates with the same rights that it would have if it were not Trustee; provided, however, that if the Trustee acquires a “conflicting interest” (within the meaning of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act), then it must eliminate such conflict within ninety (90) days or resign as Trustee. Each Note Agent will have the same rights and duties as the Trustee under this ‎Section 10.03.

The Trustee will not be (A) responsible for, and makes no representation as to, the validity or adequacy of this Indenture or the Notes; (B) accountable for the Company’s use of the proceeds from the Notes or any money paid to the Company or upon the Company’s direction under any provision of this Indenture; (C) responsible for the use or application of any money received by any Paying Agent other than the Trustee; and (D) responsible for any statement or recital in this Indenture, the Notes or any other document relating to the sale of the Notes or this Indenture, other than the Trustee’s certificate of authentication.

If a Default or Event of Default occurs and is continuing and is actually known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, then the Trustee will send Holders a notice of such Default or Event of Default within ninety (90) days after it occurs or, if it is not actually known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee at such time, promptly (and in any event within twenty (20) Business Days) after it becomes actually known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee; provided, however, that, except in the case of a Default or Event of Default in the payment of the principal of, or interest on, any Note, or a default in the payment or delivery of the Conversion Consideration, the Trustee may withhold such notice if and for so long as it in good faith

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determines that withholding such notice is in the interests of the Holders. The Trustee will not be deemed to have notice or be charged with knowledge of any Default or Event of Default unless written notice thereof has been received by a Responsible Officer, and such notice references the Notes and this Indenture and states on its face that a Default or Event of Default has occurred.

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Any entity into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any entity resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee is a party, or any entity succeeding to all or substantially all of the corporate trust business of the Trustee, will (without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties to this Indenture) be the successor of the Trustee under this Indenture, provided that such entity must be otherwise qualified and eligible under this ‎Article 10.

There will at all times be a Trustee under this Indenture that is a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the United States of America or of any state thereof, that is authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trustee power, that is subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authorities and that has a combined capital and surplus of at least $100.0 million as set forth in its most recent published annual report of condition.

Any notice or communication by the Company or the Trustee to the other will be deemed to have been duly given if in writing and delivered in person or by first class mail (registered or certified, return receipt requested), facsimile transmission, electronic transmission or other similar means of unsecured electronic communication or overnight air courier guaranteeing next day delivery, or to the other’s address, which initially is as follows:

If to the Company:

ADTRAN Holdings, Inc.

▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇

Attention: ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇

with a copy (which will not constitute notice) to:

▇▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ LLP

▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇

Suite 100

Washington, D.C. 20004

Attention: R. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇

If to the Trustee:

U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association

▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ ▇

Saint ▇▇▇▇, MN 55107

Attention: ▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇

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Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the preceding paragraph, notices to the Trustee (other than a notice pursuant to ‎Section 2.12) or any Note Agent must be in writing and will be deemed to have been given upon actual receipt by the Trustee or such Note Agent, as applicable.

The Company or the Trustee, by notice to the other, may designate additional or different addresses (including facsimile numbers and electronic addresses) for subsequent notices or communications.

All notices and communications (other than those sent to Holders) will be deemed to have been duly given: (A) at the time delivered by hand, if personally delivered; (B) five (5) Business Days after being deposited in the mail, postage prepaid, if mailed; (C) when receipt is acknowledged, if transmitted by facsimile, electronic transmission or other similar means of unsecured electronic communication; and (D) the next Business Day after timely delivery to the courier, if sent by overnight air courier guaranteeing next day delivery.

All notices or communications required to be made to a Holder pursuant to this Indenture must be made in writing and will be deemed to be duly sent or given in writing if mailed by first class mail, certified or registered, return receipt requested, or by overnight air courier guaranteeing next day delivery, to its address shown on the Register; provided, however, that a notice or communication to a Holder of a Global Note may, but need not, instead be sent pursuant to the Depositary Procedures (in which case, such notice will be deemed to be duly sent or given in writing). The failure to send a notice or communication to a Holder, or any defect in such notice or communication, will not affect its sufficiency with respect to any other Holder.

If the Trustee is then acting as the Depositary’s custodian for the Notes, then, at the reasonable request of the Company to the Trustee, the Trustee will cause any notice prepared by the Company to be sent to any Holder(s) pursuant to the Depositary Procedures, provided such request is evidenced in a Company Order delivered, together with the text of such notice, to the Trustee at least two (2) Business Days before the date such notice is to be so sent. For the avoidance of doubt, such Company Order need not be accompanied by an Officer’s Certificate or Opinion of Counsel. The Trustee will not have any liability relating to the contents of any notice that it sends to any Holder pursuant to any such Company Order.

If a notice or communication is mailed or sent in the manner provided above within the time prescribed, it will be deemed to have been duly given, whether or not the addressee receives it.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Indenture or the Notes, (A) whenever any provision of this Indenture requires a party to send notice to another party, no such notice need be sent if the sending party and the recipient are the same Person acting in different capacities (and, for purposes of the interpretation of this Indenture, such notice will be deemed to have been duly sent at the time otherwise required by this Indenture); and (B) whenever any provision of this Indenture requires a party to send notice to more than one receiving party, and each receiving party is the same Person acting in different capacities, then only one such notice need be sent to such Person.

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Upon any request or application by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under this Indenture (other than the initial authentication of Notes under this Indenture), the Company will furnish to the Trustee:

Each Officer’s Certificate (other than an Officer’s Certificate pursuant to ‎Section 3.05) or Opinion of Counsel with respect to compliance with a covenant or condition provided for in this Indenture will include:

The Trustee may make reasonable rules for action by or at a meeting of Holders. Each of the Registrar, the Paying Agent and the Conversion Agent may make reasonable rules and set reasonable requirements for its functions.

No past, present or future director, officer, employee, incorporator or stockholder of the Company, as such, will have any liability for any obligations of the Company under this Indenture or the Notes or for any claim based on, in respect of, or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. By accepting any Note, each Holder waives and releases all such liability. Such waiver and release are part of the consideration for the issuance of the Notes.

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THIS INDENTURE AND THE NOTES, AND ANY CLAIM, CONTROVERSY OR DISPUTE ARISING UNDER OR RELATED TO THIS INDENTURE OR THE NOTES, WILL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. EACH OF THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS INDENTURE, THE NOTES OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED BY THIS INDENTURE OR THE NOTES.

Any legal suit, action or proceeding arising out of or based upon this Indenture or the transactions contemplated by this Indenture may be instituted in the federal courts of the United States of America located in the City of New York or the courts of the State of New York, in each case located in the City of New York (collectively, the “Specified Courts”), and each party irrevocably submits to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of such courts in any such suit, action or proceeding. Service of any process, summons, notice or document by mail (to the extent allowed under any applicable statute or rule of court) to such party’s address set forth in ‎Section 11.01 will be effective service of process for any such suit, action or proceeding brought in any such court. Each of the Company, the Trustee and each Holder (by its acceptance of any Note) irrevocably and unconditionally waives any objection to the laying of venue of any suit, action or other proceeding in the Specified Courts and irrevocably and unconditionally waives and agrees not to plead or claim any such suit, action or other proceeding has been brought in an inconvenient forum.

Neither this Indenture nor the Notes may be used to interpret any other indenture, note, loan or debt agreement of the Company or its Subsidiaries or of any other Person, and no such indenture, note, loan or debt agreement may be used to interpret this Indenture or the Notes.

All agreements of the Company in this Indenture and the Notes will bind its successors. All agreements of the Trustee in this Indenture will bind its successors.

The Trustee and each Note Agent will not incur any liability for not performing any act or fulfilling any duty, obligation or responsibility under this Indenture or the Notes by reason of any occurrence beyond its control (including any act or provision of any present or future law or regulation or governmental authority, act of God or war, civil unrest, local or national disturbance or disaster, act of terrorism or unavailability of the Federal Reserve Bank wire or facsimile or other wire or communication facility).

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The Company acknowledges that, in accordance with Section 326 of the U.S.A. PATRIOT Act, the Trustee, like all financial institutions, in order to help fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering, is required to obtain, verify and record information that identifies each person or legal entity that establishes a relationship or opens an account with the Trustee. The Company agrees to provide the Trustee with such information as it may request to enable the Trustee to comply with the U.S.A. PATRIOT Act.

Except as otherwise provided in this Indenture, the Company will be responsible for making all calculations called for under this Indenture or the Notes, including determinations of the Last Reported Sale Price, the Daily Conversion Value, the Daily Cash Amount, the Daily Share Amount, the Trading Price of the Notes, the Daily VWAPs, accrued interest (including Additional Interest or Special Interest) on the Notes, the Conversion Rate (including any adjustments to the Conversion Rate) and the Redemption Price.

The Company will make all calculations in good faith, and, absent manifest error, its calculations will be final and binding on all Holders. The Company will provide a schedule of its calculations to the Trustee and the Conversion Agent, and each of the Trustee and the Conversion Agent may rely conclusively on the accuracy of the Company’s calculations without independent verification. The Trustee will promptly forward a copy of each such schedule to a Holder upon its written request therefor.

For the avoidance of doubt, neither the Trustee nor the Conversion Agent will have any responsibility to make any calculations under this Indenture, nor will the Trustee or the Conversion Agent be charged with knowledge of or have any duties to monitor the Stock Price or any Observation Period. The Trustee and the Conversion Agent may rely conclusively on the calculations and information provided to them by the Company as to the Daily VWAP, the Daily Conversion Values, the Trading Price and the Last Reported Sale Price.

If any provision of this Indenture or the Notes is invalid, illegal or unenforceable, then the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Indenture or the Notes will not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

The parties may sign any number of copies of this Indenture. Each signed copy will be an original, and all of them together represent the same agreement. Delivery of an executed counterpart of this Indenture by facsimile, electronically in portable document format or in any other format will be effective as delivery of a manually or electronically executed counterpart (including a counterpart executed using any electronic signature covered by the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, Uniform Electronic Transactions Act, the Electronic Signatures and Records Act or other applicable law, e.g., ▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇) and any counterpart so delivered shall be

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deemed to have been duly and validly delivered and be valid and effective for all purposes. All notices, approvals, consents, requests and any communications hereunder must be in writing (provided that any communication sent to Trustee hereunder that is required to be signed must be in the form of a document that is signed manually or by way of a digital signature (including signatures provided using any electronic signature software covered by the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, Uniform Electronic Transactions Act, the Electronic Signatures and Records Act or other applicable law, e.g., ▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇)), and in English. The Company agrees to assume all risks arising out of the use of using digital signatures and electronic methods to submit communications to Trustee, including without limitation the risk of Trustee acting on unauthorized instructions, and the risk of interception and misuse by third parties.

The table of contents and the headings of the Articles and Sections of this Indenture have been inserted for convenience of reference only, are not to be considered a part of this Indenture and will in no way modify or restrict any of the terms or provisions of this Indenture.

Each Holder of a Note agrees, and each beneficial owner of an interest in a Global Note, by its acquisition of such interest, is deemed to agree, that if the Company or other applicable withholding agent (including the Trustee) pays withholding taxes or backup withholding on behalf of such Holder or beneficial owner as a result of an adjustment or the non-occurrence of an adjustment to the Conversion Rate, then the Company or such withholding agent, as applicable, may, at its option, withhold from or set off such payments against payments of cash or the delivery of other Conversion Consideration on such Note, any payments on the Common Stock or proceeds of any sale, exchange or other disposition of such Notes received by, or other funds or assets of, such Holder or the beneficial owner of such Note.

[The Remainder of This Page Intentionally Left Blank; Signature Page Follows]

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties to this Indenture have caused this Indenture to be duly executed as of the date first written above.

ADTRAN Holdings, Inc.

By: /s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇

Name: ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇

Title: Senior Vice President of Finance and Chief Financial Officer

U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as Trustee

By: /s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇

Name: ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇

Title: Vice President

[Signature Page to Indenture]

EXHIBIT A

FORM OF NOTE

[Insert Global Note Legend, if applicable]

[Insert Restricted Note Legend, if applicable]

[Insert Non-Affiliate Legend]

ADTRAN Holdings, Inc.

3.75% Convertible Senior Note due 2030

CUSIP No.: [___][Insert for a “restricted” CUSIP number: ] Certificate No. [___]

ISIN No.: [___][Insert for a “restricted” ISIN number: *]

ADTRAN, Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, for value received, promises to pay to [Cede & Co.], or its registered assigns, the principal sum of [___] dollars ($[___]) [(as revised by the attached Schedule of Exchanges of Interests in the Global Note)] on September 15, 2030 and to pay interest thereon, as provided in the Indenture referred to below, until the principal and all accrued and unpaid interest are paid or duly provided for.

Interest Payment Dates: March 15 and September 15 of each year, commencing on March 15, 2026.

Regular Record Dates: March 1 and September 1 (whether or not a business day), as the case may be, of each year, immediately preceding the March 15 and September 15 interest payment date, as the case may be.

Additional provisions of this Note are set forth on the other side of this Note.

[The Remainder of This Page Intentionally Left Blank; Signature Page Follows]

A-1

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. has caused this instrument to be duly executed as of the date set forth below.

ADTRAN HOLDINGS, INC.

Date: By:

Name:

Title:

A-2

TRUSTEE’S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION

U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as Trustee, certifies that this is one of the Notes referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

Date: By:

Authorized Signatory

A-3

ADTRAN, HOLDINGS, INC.

3.75% Convertible Senior Note due 2030

This Note is one of a duly authorized issue of notes of ADTRAN, Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), designated as its 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2030 (the “Notes”), all issued or to be issued pursuant to an indenture, dated as of September 19, 2025 (as the same may be amended from time to time, the “Indenture”), between the Company and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee. Capitalized terms used in this Note without definition have the respective meanings ascribed to them in the Indenture.

The Indenture sets forth the rights and obligations of the Company, the Trustee and the Holders and the terms of the Notes. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Note, to the extent that any provision of this Note conflicts with the provisions of the Indenture, the provisions of the Indenture will control.

A-4

* * *

To request a copy of the Indenture, which the Company will provide to any Holder at no charge, please send a written request to the following address:

ADTRAN Holdings, Inc.

▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇

Huntsville, Alabama

Attention: Investor Relations Team

A-5

SCHEDULE OF EXCHANGES OF INTERESTS IN THE GLOBAL NOTE

INITIAL PRINCIPAL AMOUNT OF THIS GLOBAL NOTE: $[___]

The following exchanges, transfers or cancellations of this Global Note have been made:

A-6

CONVERSION NOTICE

ADTRAN HOLDINGS, INC.

3.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2030

Subject to the terms of the Indenture, by executing and delivering this Conversion Notice, the undersigned Holder of the Note identified below directs the Company to convert (check one):

 the entire principal amount of

 $ aggregate principal amount of

the Note identified by CUSIP No. and Certificate No. .

The undersigned acknowledges that if the Conversion Date of a Note to be converted is after a Regular Record Date and before the next Interest Payment Date, then such Note, when surrendered for conversion, must, in certain circumstances, be accompanied with an amount of cash equal to the interest that would have accrued on such Note to, but excluding, such Interest Payment Date.

Date:

(Legal Name of Holder)

By:

Name:

Title:

Signature Guaranteed:

Participant in a Recognized Signature

Guarantee Medallion Program

By:

Authorized Signatory

A-7

FUNDAMENTAL CHANGE REPURCHASE NOTICE

ADTRAN HOLDINGS, INC.

3.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2030

Subject to the terms of the Indenture, by executing and delivering this Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice, the undersigned Holder of the Note identified below is exercising its Fundamental Change Repurchase Right with respect to (check one):

 the entire principal amount of

 $ aggregate principal amount of

the Note identified by CUSIP No. and Certificate No. .

The undersigned acknowledges that this Note, duly endorsed for transfer, must be delivered to the Paying Agent before the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price will be paid.

Date:

(Legal Name of Holder)

By:

Name:

Title:

Signature Guaranteed:

Participant in a Recognized Signature

Guarantee Medallion Program

By:

Authorized Signatory

A-8

ASSIGNMENT FORM

ADTRAN HOLDINGS, INC.

3.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2030

Subject to the terms of the Indenture, the undersigned Holder of the Note identified below assigns (check one) to:

 the entire principal amount of

 $ aggregate principal amount of

the Note identified by CUSIP No. and Certificate No. , and all rights thereunder, to:

Name:

Address:

Social security or

tax identification

number:

and irrevocably appoints:

as agent to transfer the within Note on the books of the Company. The agent may substitute another to act for him/her.

Date:

(Legal Name of Holder)

By:

Name:

Title:

Signature Guaranteed:

Participant in a Recognized Signature

Guarantee Medallion Program

By:

Authorized Signatory

A-9

TRANSFEROR ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

If the within Note bears a Restricted Note Legend, the undersigned further certifies that (check one):

1.  Such Transfer is being made to the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company.

2.  Such Transfer is being made pursuant to, and in accordance with, a registration statement that is effective under the Securities Act at the time of the Transfer.

3.  Such Transfer is being made pursuant to, and in accordance with, Rule 144A under the Securities Act, and, accordingly, the undersigned further certifies that the within Note is being transferred to a Person that the undersigned reasonably believes is purchasing the within Note for its own account, or for one or more accounts with respect to which such Person exercises sole investment discretion, and such Person and each such account is a “qualified institutional buyer” within the meaning of Rule 144A under the Securities Act in a transaction meeting the requirements of Rule 144A.

4.  Such Transfer is being made pursuant to, and in accordance with, any other available exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act (including, if available, the exemption provided by Rule 144 under the Securities Act).

Dated:

(Legal Name of Holder)

By:

Name:

Title:

Signature Guaranteed:

(Participant in a Recognized Signature

Guarantee Medallion Program)

By:

Authorized Signatory

A-10

EXHIBIT B-1

FORM OF RESTRICTED NOTE LEGEND