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EXHIBIT 4.2
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WFS FINANCIAL 1998-A OWNER TRUST,
as Issuer,
and
BANKERS TRUST COMPANY,
as Trustee
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INDENTURE
Dated as of March 1, 1998
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$_____________
Auto Receivable Backed Notes
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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ARTICLE ONE
DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
Section 1.01. Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Section 1.02. Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Section 1.03. Rules of Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
ARTICLE TWO
THE NOTES
Section 2.01. Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Section 2.02. Execution, Authentication and Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Section 2.03. Temporary Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Section 2.04. Registration; Registration of Transfer and Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Section 2.05. Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Section 2.06. Persons Deemed Owner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Section 2.07. Payment of Principal and Interest; Defaulted Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Section 2.08. Cancellation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Section 2.09. Book-Entry Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Section 2.10. Notices to Clearing Agency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Section 2.11. Definitive Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Section 2.12. Release of Collateral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Section 2.13. Tax Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
ARTICLE THREE
COVENANTS
Section 3.01. Payment of Principal and Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Section 3.02. Maintenance of Office or Agency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Section 3.03. Money for Payments to be Held in Trust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Section 3.04. Existence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Section 3.05. Protection of Trust Estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Section 3.06. Opinions as to Trust Estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Section 3.07. Performance of Obligations; Servicing of Contracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Section 3.08. Negative Covenants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Section 3.09. Annual Statement as to Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Section 3.10. Issuer May Consolidate, etc. Only on Certain Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
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Section 3.11. Successor or Transferee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Section 3.12. No Other Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Section 3.13. No Borrowing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Section 3.14. Master Servicer's Obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Section 3.15. Guarantees, Loans, Advances and Other Liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Section 3.16. Capital Expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Section 3.17. Restricted Payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Section 3.18. Notice of Events of Default . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Section 3.19. Further Instruments and Acts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Section 3.20. Compliance with Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Section 3.21. Amendments of Sale and Servicing Agreement and Trust Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Section 3.22. Removal of Administrator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
ARTICLE FOUR
SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE
Section 4.01. Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Section 4.02. Application of Trust Money . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Section 4.03. Repayment of Monies Held by Paying Agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
ARTICLE FIVE
REMEDIES
Section 5.01. Events of Default . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Section 5.02. Rights upon Event of Default . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Section 5.03. Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement
by Trustee; Authority of Controlling Party . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Section 5.04. Remedies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Section 5.05. Optional Preservation of the Contracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Section 5.06. Priorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Section 5.07. Limitation of Suits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Section 5.08. Unconditional Rights of Noteholders to Receive Principal and Interest . . . . . . . . 41
Section 5.09. Restoration of Rights and Remedies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Section 5.10. Rights and Remedies Cumulative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Section 5.11. Delay or Omission Not a Waiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Section 5.12. Control by Noteholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Section 5.13. Waiver of Past Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Section 5.14. Undertaking for Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Section 5.15. Waiver of Stay or Extension Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Section 5.16. Action on Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
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Section 5.17. Performance and Enforcement of Certain Obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Section 5.18. Claims Under Note Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Section 5.19. Preference Claims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
ARTICLE SIX
THE TRUSTEE
Section 6.01. Duties of Trustee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Section 6.02. Rights of Trustee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Section 6.03. Individual Rights of Trustee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Section 6.04. Trustee's Disclaimer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Section 6.05. Notice of Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Section 6.06. Reports by Trustee to Holders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Section 6.07. Compensation and Indemnity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Section 6.08. Replacement of Trustee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Section 6.09. Successor Trustee by Merger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Section 6.10. Appointment of Co-Trustee or Separate Trustee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Section 6.11. Eligibility; Disqualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Section 6.12. Preferential Collection of Claims Against Issuer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Section 6.13. Representations and Warranties of Trustee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Section 6.14. Pennsylvania Motor Vehicle Sales Finance Act Licenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
ARTICLE SEVEN
NOTEHOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS
Section 7.01. Issuer to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Noteholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Section 7.02. Preservation of Information; Communications to Noteholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Section 7.03. Reports by Issuer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Section 7.04. Reports by Trustee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
ARTICLE EIGHT
ACCOUNTS, DISBURSEMENTS AND RELEASES
Section 8.01. Collection of Money . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Section 8.02. Trust Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Section 8.03. General Provisions Regarding Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Section 8.04. Release of Trust Estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Section 8.05. Opinion of Counsel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
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ARTICLE NINE
SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES
Section 9.01. Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Noteholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Section 9.02. Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Noteholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Section 9.03. Execution of Supplemental Indentures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Section 9.04. Effect of Supplemental Indenture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Section 9.05. Conformity With Trust Indenture Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Section 9.06. Reference in Notes to Supplemental Indentures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
ARTICLE TEN
REDEMPTION OF NOTES
Section 10.01. Redemption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Section 10.02. Form of Redemption Notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Section 10.03. Notes Payable on Redemption Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
ARTICLE ELEVEN
MISCELLANEOUS
Section 11.01. Compliance Certificates and Opinions, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Section 11.02. Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Section 11.03. Acts of Noteholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Section 11.04. Notices, etc., to Trustee, Issuer, Insurer and Rating Agencies . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Section 11.05. Notices to Noteholders; Waiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Section 11.06. Alternate Payment and Notice Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Section 11.07. Conflict With Trust Indenture Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Section 11.08. Effect of Headings and Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Section 11.09. Successors and Assigns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Section 11.10. Separability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Section 11.11. Benefits of Indenture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Section 11.12. Legal Holidays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Section 11.13. Governing Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Section 11.14. Counterparts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Section 11.15. Recording of Indenture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Section 11.16. Trust Obligation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Section 11.17. No Petition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Section 11.18. Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
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Section 11.19. Limitation of Liability of Owner Trustee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
EXHIBITS
Schedule A - Schedule of Contracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SA-1
Exhibit A - Form of Sale and Servicing Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
Exhibit B - Form of Depository Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1
Exhibit C - Form of Class A-1 Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1
Exhibit D - Form of Class A-2 Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1
Exhibit E - Form of Class A-3 Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-1
Exhibit F - Form of Class A-4 Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-1
Exhibit G - Form of Note Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-1
Exhibit H - Form of Note Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-1
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This Indenture, dated as of March 1, 1998, is among WFS Financial
1998-A Owner Trust, a Delaware business trust (the "Issuer"), and Bankers Trust
Company, a New York banking corporation, in its capacity as trustee (the
"Trustee") and not in its individual capacity.
Each party agrees as follows for the benefit of the other parties and
for the equal and ratable benefit of the holders of the Issuer's _____% Auto
Receivable Backed Notes, Class A-1 (the "Class A-1 Notes"), ____% Auto
Receivable Backed Notes, Class A-2 (the "Class A-2 Notes"), _____% Auto
Receivable Backed Notes, Class A-3 (the "Class A-3 Notes") and _____% Auto
Receivable Backed Notes, Class A-4 (the "Class A-4 Notes" and, together with
the Class A-1 Notes, the Class A-2 Notes and the Class A-3 Notes, the "Notes"):
GRANTING CLAUSE
The Issuer hereby Grants to the Trustee on behalf of the Trust on the
Closing Date, on behalf of and for the benefit of the Holders of the Notes,
without recourse, all of the Issuer's right, title and interest (exclusive of
the amount, if any, allocable to any rebatable insurance premium financed by
any Contract) in, to and under (i) the Contracts secured by the Financed
Vehicles (which Contracts shall be listed in the Schedule of Contracts); (ii)
certain monies due under the Contracts on and after March 1, 1998, including,
without limitation, all payments of Monthly P&I with respect to any Financed
Vehicle to which a Contract relates received on or after March 1, 1998 and all
other proceeds received on or in respect of such Contracts (other than payments
of Monthly P&I due prior to March 1, 1998); (iii) security interests in the
Financed Vehicles; (iv) a financial guaranty insurance policy to be issued by
Financial Security for the exclusive benefit of Noteholders, which will
unconditionally and irrevocably guarantee payment of the Scheduled Payments on
each Distribution Date; (v) amounts on deposit in the Collection Account, the
Note Distribution Account, the Spread Account and the Holding Account,
including all Eligible Investments therein and all income from the investment
of funds therein and all proceeds therefrom; (vi) proceeds from claims under
certain insurance policies in respect of individual Financed Vehicles or
obligors under the Contracts; (vii) certain rights under the Sale and Servicing
Agreement; (viii) the protective security interest in certain of the
above-described property granted by the Seller in favor of the Issuer; (ix) all
present and future claims, demands, causes and choses in action in respect of
any or all of the foregoing; and (x) all payments on or under and all proceeds
of every kind and nature whatsoever in respect of any or all of the foregoing,
including all proceeds of the conversion, voluntary or involuntary, into cash
or other liquid property, all cash proceeds, accounts, accounts receivable,
notes, drafts, acceptances, chattel paper, checks, deposit accounts, insurance
proceeds, condemnation awards, rights to payment of any and every kind and
other forms of obligations and receivables, instruments and other property
which at any time constitute all or part of or are included in the proceeds of
any of the foregoing (as each such defined term is defined in Section 1.01)
(collectively, the "Collateral").
The foregoing Grant is made in trust to secure the payment of
principal of and interest on, and any other amounts owing in respect of, the
Notes, equally and ratably without
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prejudice, priority or distinction, and to secure compliance with the
provisions of this Indenture, all as provided in this Indenture.
The Trustee, as Trustee on behalf of the Holders of the Notes,
acknowledges such Grant, accepts the trusts under this Indenture in accordance
with the provisions of this Indenture and agrees to perform its duties required
in this Indenture to the best of its ability to the end that the interests of
the Holders of the Notes may be adequately and effectively protected.
ARTICLE ONE
DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
Section 1.01. Definitions.
(a) Except as otherwise specified herein or as the context may
otherwise require, the following terms have the respective meanings set forth
below for all purposes of this Indenture.
"Act" shall have the meaning specified in Section 11.03(a).
"Administration Agreement" means the Administration Agreement, dated
as of the date hereof, among the Administrator, the Company, the Issuer, the
Seller and the Trustee.
"Administrator" means the Master Servicer, or any successor
Administrator under the Administration Agreement.
"Affiliate" means, with respect to any specified Person, any other
Person controlling or controlled by or under common control with such specified
Person. For the purposes of this definition, "control" when used with respect
to any Person means the power to direct the management and policies of such
Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting
securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms "controlling" and
"controlled" have meanings correlative to the foregoing.
"Authorized Officer" means, with respect to the Issuer, any officer of
the Owner Trustee who is authorized to act for the Owner Trustee in matters
relating to the Issuer and who is identified on the list of Authorized Officers
delivered by the Owner Trustee to the Trustee on the Closing Date (as such list
may be modified or supplemented from time to time thereafter) and, so long as
the Administration Agreement is in effect, any Vice President or more senior
officer of the Administrator who is authorized to act for the Administrator in
matters relating to the Issuer and to be acted upon by the Administrator
pursuant to the Administration Agreement and who is identified on the foregoing
list of Authorized Officers.
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"Basic Documents" means the Certificate of Trust, the Trust Agreement,
the Sale and Servicing Agreement, the Administration Agreement, the Note
Depository Agreement, the Certificate Depository Agreement, the Insurance
Agreement, the Policies and this Indenture.
"Book-Entry Notes" means a beneficial interest in the Notes, ownership
and transfers of which shall be made through book entries by a Clearing Agency
as described in Section 2.09.
"Business Day" means any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or other
day on which banking institutions in Los Angeles, California, Wilmington,
Delaware or New York, New York are authorized or obligated by law, executive
order or governmental decree to remain closed.
"Certificate Depository Agreement" shall have the meaning specified in
the Trust Agreement.
"Certificate Final Distribution Date" means the _______ __, 20__
Distribution Date.
"Certificate of Trust" means the Certificate of Trust of the Issuer
substantially in the form of Exhibit B to the Trust Agreement.
"Class" means all Notes whose form is identical except for variation
in denomination, principal amount or owner.
"Class A-1 Final Distribution Date" means the ____________, 199__
Distribution Date.
"Class A-1 Interest Rate" means _____% per annum (computed on the
basis of a 360-day year and actual number of days elapsed since the immediately
preceding Distribution Date).
"Class A-1 Notes" means the Class A-1 Notes, substantially in the form
of Exhibit C.
"Class A-2 Final Distribution Date" means the _________ __, 20__
Distribution Date.
"Class A-2 Interest Rate" means _____% per annum (computed on the
basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months).
"Class A-2 Notes" means the Class A-2 Notes, substantially in the form
of Exhibit D.
"Class A-3 Final Distribution Date" means the __________ __, 20__
Distribution Date.
"Class A-3 Interest Rate" means _____% per annum (computed on the
basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months).
"Class A-3 Notes" means the Class A-3 Notes, substantially in the form
of Exhibit E.
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"Class A-4 Final Distribution Date" means the __________ __, 20__
Distribution Date.
"Class A-4 Interest Rate" means _____% per annum (computed on the
basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months).
"Class A-4 Notes" means the Class A-4 Notes, substantially in the form
of Exhibit F.
"Clearing Agency" means an organization registered as a "clearing
agency" pursuant to Section 17A of the Exchange Act.
"Clearing Agency Participant" means a broker, dealer, bank, other
financial institution or other Person for whom from time to time a Clearing
Agency effects book-entry transfers and pledges of securities deposited with
the Clearing Agency.
"Closing Date" means March __, 1998.
"Code" means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
"Collateral" shall have the meaning specified in the Granting Clause
of this Indenture.
"Company" means WFS Investments, Inc., and its successors.
"Controlling Party" means the Insurer, so long as no Insurer Default
shall have occurred and be continuing, and the Trustee, for so long as an
Insurer Default shall have occurred and be continuing.
"Corporate Trust Office" means the principal office of the Trustee at
which at any particular time its corporate trust business shall be administered
which office at date of the execution of this Agreement is located at Four
▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇, Attention: Corporate Trust
Department - Asset Backed Group; or at such other address as the Trustee may
designate from time to time by notice to the Noteholders, the Insurer and the
Issuer, or the principal corporate trust office of any successor Trustee (the
address of which the successor Trustee will notify the Noteholders, the Insurer
and the Issuer).
"Default" means any occurrence that is, or with notice or the lapse of
time or both would become, an Event of Default.
"Definitive Notes" shall have the meaning specified in Section 2.09.
"Distribution Date" means each ____________ 20, ____________ 20,
____________ 20 and ____________ 20 or, if any such date shall not be a
Business Day, the next succeeding Business Day, commencing ____________ 20,
1998.
"DTC" means The Depository Trust Company, and its successors.
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"ERISA" means the Employment Retirement Income Security Act of 1974,
as amended.
"Event of Default" shall have the meaning specified in Section 5.01.
"Exchange Act" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
"Executive Officer" means, with respect to any corporation or bank,
the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer,
President, Executive Vice President, any Vice President, the Secretary or the
Treasurer of such corporation or bank; and with respect to any partnership, any
general partner thereof.
"Financial Security" means Financial Security Assurance Inc.
"Grant" means mortgage, pledge, bargain, sell, warrant, alienate,
remise, release, convey, assign, transfer, create and ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇ ▇▇▇▇ upon and a
security interest in and right of set-off against, deposit, set over and
confirm pursuant to this Indenture. A Grant of the Collateral or of any other
agreement or instrument shall include all rights, powers and options (but none
of the obligations) of the granting party thereunder, including the immediate
and continuing right to claim for, collect, receive and give receipt for
principal and interest payments in respect of the Collateral and all other
monies payable thereunder, to give and receive notices and other
communications, to make waivers or other agreements, to exercise all rights and
options, to bring Proceedings in the name of the granting party or otherwise
and generally to do and receive anything that the granting party is or may be
entitled to do or receive thereunder or with respect thereto.
"Holder" or "Noteholder" means the Person in whose name a Note is
registered on the Note Register.
"Indebtedness" means, with respect to any Person at any time, (i)
indebtedness or liability of such Person for borrowed money whether or not
evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or other instruments, or for the deferred
purchase price of property or services (including trade obligations); (ii)
obligations of such Person as lessee under leases which should have been or
should be, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles,
recorded as capital leases; (iii) current liabilities of such Person in respect
of unfunded vested benefits under plans covered by Title IV of ERISA; (iv)
obligations issued for or liabilities incurred on the account of such Person;
(v) obligations or liabilities of such Person arising under acceptance
facilities; (vi) obligations of such Person under any guaranties, endorsements
(other than for collection or deposit in the ordinary course of business) and
other contingent obligations to purchase, to provide funds for payment, to
supply funds to invest in any Person or otherwise to assure a creditor against
loss; (vii) obligations of such Person secured by any lien on property or
assets of such Person, whether or not the obligations have been assumed by such
Person; or (viii) obligations of such Person under any interest rate or
currency exchange agreement.
"Indenture" means this Indenture, as amended or supplemented from time
to time.
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"Independent" means, when used with respect to any specified Person,
that the Person (i) is in fact independent of the Issuer, any other obligor
upon the Notes, the Seller and any of their respective Affiliates, (ii) does
not have any direct financial interest or any material indirect financial
interest in the Issuer, any such other obligor, the Seller or any of their
respective Affiliates, and (iii) is not connected with the Issuer, any such
other obligor, the Seller or any of their respective Affiliates as an officer,
employee, promoter, underwriter, trustee, partner, director or person
performing similar functions.
"Independent Certificate" means a certificate or opinion to be
delivered to the Trustee under the circumstances described in, and otherwise
complying with, the applicable requirements of Section 11.01, made by an
Independent appraiser or other expert appointed by an Issuer Order and approved
by the Trustee in the exercise of reasonable care, and such opinion or
certificate shall state that the signer has read the definition of
"Independent" in this Indenture and that the signer is Independent within the
meaning thereof.
"Insurer Default" means the occurrence and continuance of any of the
following:
(i) the Insurer shall have failed to make a payment
required to be made under the Certificate Policy or the Note Policy;
(ii) the Insurer shall have (a) filed a petition or
commenced any case or proceeding under any provision or chapter of the
United States Bankruptcy Code, the New York State Insurance Law or any
other similar federal or state law relating to insolvency, bankruptcy,
rehabilitation, liquidation or reorganization, (b) made a general
assignment for the benefit of its creditors or (c) had an order for
relief entered against it under the United States Bankruptcy Code, the
New York State Insurance Law or any other similar federal or state law
relating to insolvency, bankruptcy, rehabilitation, liquidation or
reorganization which is final and nonappealable; or
(iii) a court of competent jurisdiction, the New York
Department of Insurance or other competent regulatory authority shall
have entered a final and nonappealable order, judgment or decree (a)
appointing a custodian, trustee, agent or receiver for the Insurer or
for all or any material portion of its property or (b) authorizing the
taking of possession by a custodian, trustee, agent or receiver of the
Insurer (or the taking of possession of all or any material portion of
the property of the Insurer).
"Interest Period" means, with respect to any Distribution Date and any
Class of Notes, the period from and including the Distribution Date immediately
preceding such Distribution Date (or, in the case of the first Distribution
Date, from and including March 1, 1998) to but excluding such Distribution
Date.
"Interest Rate" means the Class A-1 Interest Rate, the Class A-2
Interest Rate, the Class A-3 Interest Rate or the Class A-4 Interest Rate, as
applicable.
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"Issuer" means WFS Financial 1998-A Owner Trust until a successor
replaces it and, thereafter, means the successor and, for purposes of any
provision contained herein and required by the TIA, each other obligor on the
Notes.
"Issuer Order" and "Issuer Request" means a written order or request
signed in the name of the Issuer by an Authorized Officer and delivered to the
Trustee.
"Master Servicer" means WFS, in its capacity as master servicer under
the Sale and Servicing Agreement, and any successor Master Servicer thereunder.
"Note" means a Class A-1 Note, a Class A-2 Note, a Class A-3 Note or a
Class A-4 Note.
"Note Depository Agreement" means the agreement dated March __, 1998,
among the Issuer, the Trustee and DTC, as the initial Clearing Agency, relating
to the Notes, substantially in the form of Exhibit B hereto.
"Note Owner" means, with respect to a Book-Entry Note, the Person who
is the owner of such Book-Entry Note, as reflected on the books of the Clearing
Agency, or on the books of a Person maintaining an account with such Clearing
Agency (directly as a Clearing Agency participant or as an indirect
participant, in each case in accordance with the rules of such Clearing
Agency).
"Note Policy" means the Financial Guaranty Insurance Policy issued by
the Insurer with respect to the Notes, including any endorsements thereto,
substantially in the form of Exhibit H hereto.
"Note Policy Claim Amount" shall have the meaning specified in Section
5.18(a).
"Note Register" and "Note Registrar" have the respective meanings
specified in Section 2.04.
"Notice of Claim" shall have the meaning specified in Section 5.18(b).
"Officer's Certificate" means a certificate signed by an Authorized
Officer of the Issuer, under the circumstances described in, and otherwise
complying with, the applicable requirements of Section 11.01, and delivered to,
the Trustee.
"Opinion of Counsel" means one or more written opinions of counsel who
may, except as otherwise expressly provided in this Indenture, be employees of
or counsel to the Issuer and who shall be satisfactory to the Trustee and, if
addressed to the Insurer, satisfactory to the Insurer, and which shall comply
with any applicable requirements of Section 11.01, and shall be in form and
substance satisfactory to the Trustee, and if addressed to the Insurer,
satisfactory to the Insurer.
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"Outstanding" means, as of the date of determination, all Notes
theretofore authenticated and delivered under this Indenture except:
(i) Notes theretofore cancelled by the Note Registrar or
delivered to the Note Registrar for cancellation;
(ii) Notes or portions thereof the payment for which money
in the necessary amount has been theretofore deposited with the
Trustee or any Paying Agent in trust for the Holders of such Notes
(provided, however, that if such Notes are to be redeemed, notice of
such redemption has been duly given pursuant to this Indenture or
provision for such notice has been made, satisfactory to the Trustee,
has been made); and
(iii) Notes in exchange for or in lieu of other Notes which
have been authenticated and delivered pursuant to this Indenture
unless proof satisfactory to the Trustee is presented that any such
Notes are held by a protected purchaser (as defined in Article 8 of
the UCC);
provided, however, that Notes which have been paid with proceeds of the Note
Policy shall continue to remain Outstanding for purposes of this Indenture
until the Insurer has been paid as subrogee hereunder or reimbursed pursuant to
the Insurance Agreement as evidenced by a written notice from the Insurer
delivered to the Trustee, and the Insurer shall be deemed to be the Holder
thereof to the extent of any payments thereon made by the Insurer; provided,
further, that in determining whether the Holders of the requisite Outstanding
Amount have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
consent or waiver hereunder or under any other Basic Document, Notes owned by
the Issuer, any other obligor upon the Notes, the Seller, the Company, WFS or
any of their respective Affiliates shall be disregarded and deemed not to be
Outstanding, except that, in determining whether the Trustee shall be protected
in relying upon any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
consent or waiver, only Notes that the Trustee knows to be so owned shall be so
disregarded. Notes so owned that have been pledged in good faith may be
regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of the
Trustee the pledgee's right so to act with respect to such Notes and that the
pledgee is not the Issuer, any other obligor upon the Notes, the Seller, the
Company, WFS or any of their respective Affiliates.
"Outstanding Amount" means the aggregate principal amount of all Notes
of one Class or of all Classes, as the case may be, Outstanding at the date of
determination.
"Owner Trustee" means Chase Manhattan Bank Delaware, not in its
individual capacity but solely as Owner Trustee under the Trust Agreement, or
any successor trustee under the Trust Agreement.
"Paying Agent" means the Trustee or any other Person that meets the
eligibility standards for the Trustee specified in Section 6.11 and, so long as
no Insurer Default shall have occurred and be continuing, is consented to by
the Insurer and is authorized by the
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Issuer to make the distributions from the Note Distribution Account, including
payment of principal of or interest on the Notes on behalf of the Issuer.
"Person" means any individual, corporation, estate, partnership, joint
venture, association, joint stock company, trust (including any beneficiary
thereof), unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political
subdivision thereof.
"Predecessor Note" means, with respect to any particular Note, every
previous Note evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by
such particular Note; and, for the purpose of this definition, any Note
authenticated and delivered under Section 2.05 in lieu of a mutilated, lost,
destroyed or stolen Note shall be deemed to evidence the same debt as the
mutilated, lost, destroyed or stolen Note.
"Preference Claim" shall have the meaning specified in Section
5.19(b).
"Proceeding" means any suit in equity, action at law or other judicial
or administrative proceeding.
"Rating Agency" means each of Moody's and Standard & Poor's.
"Rating Agency Condition" means, with respect to any action, that (i)
Standard & Poor's shall have been given ten Business Days (or such shorter
period as is acceptable to Standard & Poor's) prior notice thereof and that
Standard & Poor's shall have notified the Seller, the Master Servicer, the
Insurer and the Issuer in writing that such action will not result in a
qualification, reduction or withdrawal of its then-current rating of any Class
of Notes and will not result in an increased capital charge to the Insurer and
(ii) Moody's shall have been given ten Business Days (or such shorter period as
is acceptable to Moody's) prior notice thereof and copies of all documentation
relating to the event requiring such Rating Agency Condition.
"Rating Event" means the qualification, reduction or withdrawal by
either Rating Agency of its then-current rating of any Class of Notes.
"Record Date" means, with respect to a Distribution Date or Redemption
Date, the close of business on the Business Day immediately preceding such
Distribution Date or Redemption Date, or, in the event that Definitive Notes
are issued, the close of business on the 15th day of the month immediately
preceding the month in which such Distribution Date or Redemption Date occurs.
"Redemption Date" means in the case of a redemption of the Notes
pursuant to Section 10.01(a) or a payment to Noteholders pursuant to Section
10.01(b), the Distribution Date specified by the Master Servicer or the Issuer
pursuant to Section 10.01(a) or 10.01(b), as the case may be.
"Redemption Price" means (i) in the case of a redemption of the Notes
pursuant to Section 10.01(a), an amount equal to the unpaid principal amount of
the Notes redeemed plus
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accrued and unpaid interest thereon at the weighted average of the Interest
Rate for each Class of Notes being so redeemed to but excluding the Redemption
Date, or (ii) in the case of a payment made to Noteholders pursuant to Section
10.01(b), the amount on deposit in the Note Distribution Account, but not in
excess of the amount specified in clause (i) above.
"Registered Holder" means the Person in whose name a Note is
registered on the Note Register on the applicable Record Date.
"Responsible Officer" means, with respect to the Trustee, any officer
within the Corporate Trust and Agency Group (or any successor group of the
Trustee), including any Vice President, assistant secretary or other officer or
assistant officer of the Trustee customarily performing function similar to
those performed by the people who at such time shall be officers, respectively,
or to whom any corporate trust matter is referred at the Corporate Trust Office
of the Trustee because of his knowledge of and familiarity with the particular
subject.
"Sale and Servicing Agreement" means the Sale and Servicing Agreement,
dated as of the date hereof, among the Issuer, the Seller and the Master
Servicer, substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto.
"Schedule of Contracts" means the listing of the Contracts set forth
in Schedule A hereto.
"Scheduled Payments" shall have the meaning specified therefor in the
Note Policy.
"Seller" shall mean WFS Financial Auto Loans, Inc., in its capacity as
seller under the Sale and Servicing Agreement, and its successors.
"State" means any one of the ▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇ ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ or the
District of Columbia.
"Successor Master Servicer" shall have the meaning specified in
Section 3.07(e).
"Termination Date" means the latest of (i) the expiration of the Note
Policy and the return of the Note Policy to the Insurer for cancellation, (ii)
the date on which the Insurer shall have received payment and performance of
all amounts and obligations which the Issuer may owe to or on behalf of the
Insurer under this Indenture and (iii) the date on which the Trustee shall have
received payment and performance of all amounts and obligations which the
Issuer may owe to or on behalf of the Trustee for the benefit of the
Noteholders under this Indenture or the Notes.
"Trust Agreement" means the Trust Agreement, dated as of March __,
1998, as amended and restated as of March __, 1998, among the Seller, the
Insurer, the Company and the Owner Trustee.
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"Trust Estate" means the Collateral Granted to the Trustee under this
Indenture, including all proceeds thereof.
"Trust Indenture Act" or "TIA" means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939,
as amended, as in force on the date hereof, unless otherwise specifically
provided.
"Trustee" means Bankers Trust Company, as Trustee under this
Indenture, or any successor Trustee under this Indenture.
"UCC" means, unless the context otherwise requires, the Uniform
Commercial Code, as in effect in the relevant jurisdiction, as amended from
time to time.
"United States" means the United States of America.
"WFS" means WFS Financial Inc, and its successors.
(b) Except as otherwise specified herein or as the context may
otherwise require, capitalized terms used herein that are not otherwise defined
shall have the meanings ascribed thereto in the Sale and Servicing Agreement.
Section 1.02. Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act.
Whenever this Indenture refers to a provision of the TIA, the provision is
incorporated by reference in and made a part of this Indenture. The following
TIA terms used in this Indenture have the following meanings:
"Commission" means the Securities and Exchange Commission.
"Indenture Securities" means the Notes.
"Indenture Security Holder" means a Noteholder.
"Indenture to be Qualified" means this Indenture.
"Indenture Trustee" or "Institutional Trustee" means the Trustee.
"Obligor" on the indenture securities means the Issuer and any other
obligor on the indenture securities.
All other TIA terms used in this Indenture that are defined by the
TIA, defined by TIA reference to another statute or defined by Commission rule
have the meaning assigned to them by such definitions.
Section 1.03. Rules of Construction. Unless the context otherwise
requires:
(i) a term has the meaning assigned to it;
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(ii) an accounting term not otherwise defined has the
meaning assigned to it in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles as in effect from time to time;
(iii) "or" is not exclusive;
(iv) "including" means including without limitation;
(v) words in the singular include the plural and words in
the plural include the singular;
(vi) any agreement, instrument or statute defined or
referred to herein or in any instrument or certificate delivered in
connection herewith means such agreement, instrument or statute as
from time to time amended, modified or supplemented and includes (in
the case of agreements or instruments) references to all attachments
thereto and instruments incorporated therein; references to a Person
are also to its permitted successors and assigns; and
(vii) the words "hereof," "herein" and "hereunder" and
words of similar import when used in this Indenture shall refer to
this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular provision of this
Indenture; Section, subsection and Schedule references contained in
this Indenture are references to Sections, subsections and Schedules
in or to this Indenture unless otherwise specified.
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ARTICLE TWO
THE NOTES
Section 2.01. Form. The Class A-1 Notes, the Class A-2 Notes, the
Class A-3 Notes and the Class A-4 Notes, in each case together with the
Trustee's certificate of authentication, shall be in substantially the forms
set forth as Exhibits to this Indenture with such appropriate insertions,
omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required or permitted by
this Indenture and may have such letters, numbers or other marks of
identification and such legends or endorsements placed thereon as may,
consistently herewith, be determined by the officers executing such Notes, as
evidenced by their execution of the Notes. Any portion of the text of any Note
may be set forth on the reverse thereof, with an appropriate reference thereto
on the face of the Note.
Each Note shall be dated the date of its authentication. The terms of
the Notes set forth in Exhibits hereto are part of the terms of this Indenture.
Section 2.02. Execution, Authentication and Delivery. The Notes
shall be executed on behalf of the Issuer by any of its Authorized Officers.
The signature of any such Authorized Officer on the Notes may be manual or
facsimile. Notes bearing the manual or facsimile signature of individuals who
were at any time Authorized Officers of the Issuer shall bind the Issuer,
notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them have ceased to hold such
offices prior to the authentication and delivery of such Notes or did not hold
such offices at the date of such Notes.
The Trustee shall, upon receipt of the Note Policy and an Issuer
Order, authenticate and deliver for original issue the following aggregate
principal amount of Notes: (i) $____________ of Class A-1 Notes, (ii)
$__________ of Class A-2 Notes, (iii) $___________ of Class A-3 Notes and (iv)
$__________ of Class A-4 Notes. The aggregate principal amount of Class A-1
Notes, Class A-2 Notes, Class A-3 Notes and Class A-4 Notes outstanding at any
time may not exceed such respective amounts, except as otherwise provided in
Section 2.05.
Each Note shall be dated the date of its authentication. The Notes
shall be issuable as registered Notes in the minimum denomination of $1,000 and
in integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof.
No Note shall be entitled to any benefit under this Indenture or be
valid or obligatory for any purpose, unless there appears on such Note a
certificate of authentication substantially in the form provided for herein
executed by the Trustee by the manual signature of one of its authorized
signatories, and such certificate upon any Note shall be conclusive evidence,
and the only evidence, that such Note has been duly authenticated and delivered
hereunder.
Section 2.03. Temporary Notes. Pending the preparation of Definitive
Notes, the Issuer may execute, and upon receipt of an Issuer Order the Trustee
shall authenticate and deliver, temporary Notes that are printed, lithographed,
typewritten, mimeographed or
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otherwise produced, of the tenor of the Definitive Notes in lieu of which they
are issued and with such variations not inconsistent with the terms of this
Indenture as the officers executing such Notes may determine, as evidenced by
their execution of such Notes.
If temporary Notes are issued, the Issuer will cause Definitive Notes
to be prepared without unreasonable delay. After the preparation of Definitive
Notes, the temporary Notes shall be exchangeable for Definitive Notes upon
surrender of the temporary Notes at the office or agency of the Issuer to be
maintained as provided in Section 3.02, without charge to the related Holder.
Upon surrender for cancellation of any one or more temporary Notes, the Issuer
shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange
therefor a like tenor and principal amount of Definitive Notes of authorized
denominations. Until so exchanged, the temporary Notes shall in all respects
be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as Definitive Notes.
Section 2.04. Registration; Registration of Transfer and Exchange.
The Issuer shall cause to be kept a register (the "Note Register") in which,
subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Issuer shall
provide for the registration of Notes and the registration of transfers of
Notes. The Trustee shall be "Note Registrar" for the purpose of registering
Notes and transfers of Notes as herein provided. Upon any resignation of any
Note Registrar, the Issuer shall promptly appoint a successor or, if it elects
not to make such an appointment, assume the duties of Note Registrar.
If a Person other than the Trustee is appointed by the Issuer as Note
Registrar, the Issuer will give the Trustee prompt written notice of the
appointment of such Note Registrar and of the location, and any change in the
location, of the Note Register, and the Trustee shall have the right to inspect
the Note Register at all reasonable times and to obtain copies thereof, and the
Trustee shall have the right to rely upon a certificate executed on behalf of
the Note Registrar by an Executive Officer thereof as to the names and
addresses of the Holders of the Notes and the principal amounts and number of
such Notes.
Upon surrender for registration of transfer of any Note at the office
or agency of the Issuer to be maintained as provided in Section 3.02, provided
that the requirements of Section 8-401 of the UCC are met, the Issuer shall
execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and the Noteholder shall obtain
from the Trustee, in the name of the designated transferee or transferees, one
or more new Notes of the same Class in any authorized denominations, of a like
aggregate principal amount.
At the option of a Holder, Notes may be exchanged for other Notes of
the same Class in any authorized denominations, of a like aggregate principal
amount, upon surrender of the Notes to be exchanged at such office or agency.
Whenever any Notes are so surrendered for exchange, provided that the
requirements of Section 8-401 of the UCC are met, the Issuer shall execute, and
the Trustee shall authenticate and the Noteholder shall obtain from the
Trustee, the Notes which the Noteholder making the exchange is entitled to
receive.
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All Notes issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange of
Notes shall be the valid obligations of the Issuer, evidencing the same debt,
and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Notes
surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.
Every Note presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or
exchange shall be duly endorsed by, or be accompanied by a written instrument
of transfer in form satisfactory to the Trustee duly executed by, the Holder
thereof or such Holder's attorney duly authorized in writing, with such
signature guaranteed by a commercial bank or trust company located, or having a
correspondent located, in The City of New York or the city in which the
Corporate Trust Office is located, or by a member firm of a national securities
exchange, and such other documents as the Trustee may require.
No service charge shall be made to a Holder for any registration of
transfer or exchange of Notes, but the Issuer or the Trustee may require
payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that
may be imposed in connection with any registration of transfer or exchange of
Notes, other than exchanges pursuant to Section 2.03 or 9.06 not involving any
transfer.
The preceding provisions of this Section notwithstanding, the Issuer
shall not be required to make and the Note Registrar need not register
transfers or exchanges of Notes selected for redemption or of any Note for a
period of 15 days preceding the due date for any payment with respect to the
Note.
Section 2.05. Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Notes. If (i) any
mutilated Note is surrendered to the Trustee, or the Trustee receives evidence
to its satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Note, (ii) there
is delivered to the Trustee and the Insurer (unless an Insurer Default shall
have occurred and be continuing) such security or indemnity as may be required
by them to hold the Issuer, the Trustee and the Insurer harmless and (iii) the
requirements of Section 8-405 of the UCC are met, then, in the absence of
notice to the Issuer, the Note Registrar or the Trustee that such Note has been
acquired by a protected purchaser (as defined in Article 8 of the UCC), the
Issuer shall execute and upon its request the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver, in exchange for or in lieu of any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or
stolen Note, a replacement Note of the same Class; provided, however, that if
any such destroyed, lost or stolen Note, but not a mutilated Note, shall have
become or within seven days shall be due and payable, or shall have been called
for redemption, instead of issuing a replacement Note, the Issuer may pay such
destroyed, lost or stolen Note when so due or payable or upon the Redemption
Date without surrender thereof. If, after the delivery of such replacement
Note or payment of a destroyed, lost or stolen Note pursuant to the proviso to
the preceding sentence, a protected purchaser (as defined in Article 8 of the
UCC) of the original Note in lieu of which such replacement Note was issued
presents for payment such original Note, the Issuer, the Insurer and the
Trustee shall be entitled to recover such replacement Note (or such payment)
from the Person to whom it was delivered or any Person taking such replacement
Note from such Person to whom such replacement Note was delivered or any
assignee of such Person, except a protected purchaser (as defined in Article 8
of the UCC), and shall be entitled to recover upon the security or indemnity
provided therefor
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to the extent of any loss, damage, cost or expense incurred by the Issuer or
the Trustee in connection therewith.
Upon the issuance of any replacement Note under this Section, the
Issuer or the Trustee may require the payment by the Holder of such Note of a
sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be
imposed in relation thereto and any other reasonable expenses (including the
fees and expenses of the Trustee or the Note Registrar) connected therewith.
Every replacement Note issued pursuant to this Section in replacement
of any mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Note shall constitute an original
additional contractual obligation of the Issuer, whether or not the mutilated,
destroyed, lost or stolen Note shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and
shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and
proportionately with any and all other Notes duly issued hereunder.
The provisions of this Section are exclusive and shall preclude (to
the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the
replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Notes.
Section 2.06. Persons Deemed Owner. Prior to due presentment for
registration of transfer of any Note, the Issuer, the Trustee, the Insurer and
any of their respective agents may treat the Person in whose name any Note is
registered (as of the day of determination) as the owner of such Note for the
purpose of receiving payments of principal of and interest, if any, on such
Note and for all other purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Note be
overdue, and none of the Issuer, the Insurer, the Trustee nor any of their
respective agents shall be affected by notice to the contrary.
Section 2.07. Payment of Principal and Interest; Defaulted Interest.
(a) Each Class of Notes shall accrue interest at the related
Interest Rate, and such interest shall be payable on each Distribution Date as
specified therein, subject to Section 3.01. Any installment of interest or
principal, if any, payable on any Note which is punctually paid or duly
provided for by the Issuer on the applicable Distribution Date shall be paid to
the Person in whose name such Note (or one or more Predecessor Notes) is
registered on the Record Date, by check mailed first-class, postage prepaid to
such Person's address as it appears on the Note Register on such Record Date,
except that, unless Definitive Notes have been issued pursuant to Section 2.11,
with respect to Notes registered on the Record Date in the name of the nominee
of the Depository (initially, such nominee to be Cede & Co.), payment will be
made by wire transfer in immediately available funds to the account designated
by such nominee and except for the final installment of principal payable with
respect to such Note on a Distribution Date, a Redemption Date or on the
related Final Distribution Date, as the case may be (and except for the
Redemption Price for any Note called for redemption pursuant to Section
10.01(a)), which shall be payable as provided below. The funds represented by
any such checks returned undelivered shall be held in accordance with Section
3.03.
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(b) The principal of each Note shall be payable on each
Distribution Date to the extent provided in the form of the related Note set
forth as an Exhibit hereto. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the entire unpaid
principal amount of the Notes shall be due and payable, if not previously paid,
on the date on which an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing,
so long as an Insurer Default shall not have occurred and be continuing or, if
an Insurer Default shall have occurred and be continuing, on the date on which
an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing and the Trustee or
the Holders of Notes representing not less than a majority of the Outstanding
Amount have declared the Notes to be immediately due and payable in the manner
provided in Section 5.02. All principal payments on each Class of Notes shall
be made pro rata to the Noteholders of such Class entitled thereto. The
Trustee shall notify the Person in whose name a Note is registered at the close
of business on the Record Date preceding the Distribution Date on which the
Issuer expects that the final installment of principal of and interest on such
Note will be paid. Such notice shall be mailed within five Business Days of
such Distribution Date (or, in the case of Notes registered in the name of Cede
& Co., as nominee of DTC, such notice shall be provided within one Business Day
of such Distribution Date) or receipt of notice of termination of the Trust
pursuant to Section 9.01(c) of the Trust Agreement and shall specify that such
final installment will be payable only upon presentation and surrender of such
Note and shall specify the place where such Note may be presented and
surrendered for payment of such installment. Notices in connection with
redemptions of Notes shall be mailed to Noteholders as provided in Section
10.02. In addition, the Administrator shall notify the Rating Agencies upon
the final payment of interest and principal of each Class of Notes, and upon
the termination of the Trust, in each case pursuant to Section 1(a)(i) of the
Administration Agreement.
(c) If the Issuer defaults in a payment of interest on the Notes,
the Issuer shall pay defaulted interest (plus interest on such defaulted
interest to the extent lawful) at the applicable Interest Rate in any lawful
manner. The Issuer may pay such defaulted interest to the Persons who are
Noteholders on a subsequent special record date, which date shall be at least
five Business Days prior to the related payment date. The Issuer shall fix or
cause to be fixed any such special record date and payment date, and, at least
15 days before any such special record date, the Issuer shall mail to the
Trustee and each Noteholder a notice that states the special record date, the
payment date and the amount of defaulted interest to be paid.
(d) Promptly following the date on which all principal of and
interest on the Notes has been paid in full and the Notes have been surrendered
to the Trustee, the Trustee shall, if the Insurer has paid any amount in
respect of the Notes under the Note Policy which has not been reimbursed to it,
deliver such surrendered Notes to the Insurer.
Section 2.08. Cancellation. Subject to Section 2.07(d), all Notes
surrendered for payment, registration of transfer, exchange or redemption
shall, if surrendered to any Person other than the Trustee, be delivered to the
Trustee and shall be promptly cancelled by the Trustee. Subject to Section
2.07(d), the Issuer may at any time deliver to the Trustee for cancellation any
Notes previously authenticated and delivered hereunder which the Issuer may
have acquired in any manner whatsoever, and all Notes so delivered shall be
promptly cancelled by the Trustee. No Notes shall be authenticated in lieu of
or in exchange for any Notes cancelled as provided in this Section, except as
expressly permitted by this Indenture. Subject
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to Section 2.07(d), all cancelled Notes may be held or disposed of by the
Trustee in accordance with its standard retention or disposal policy as in
effect at the time unless the Issuer shall direct by an Issuer Order that they
be destroyed or returned to it; provided that such Issuer Order is timely and
the Notes have not been previously disposed of by the Trustee.
Section 2.09. Book-Entry Notes. The Notes, upon original issuance,
will be issued in the form of a typewritten Note or Notes representing the
Book-Entry Notes, to be delivered to DTC, the initial Depository, by, or on
behalf of, the Issuer. Such Notes shall initially be registered on the Note
Register in the name of Cede & Co., the nominee of the initial Clearing Agency,
and no Note Owner will receive a Definitive Note representing such Note Owner's
interest in such Note, except as provided in Section 2.11. Unless and until
definitive, fully registered Notes (the "Definitive Notes") have been issued to
Note Owners pursuant to Section 2.11:
(i) the provisions of this Section shall be in full force
and effect;
(ii) the Note Registrar and the Trustee shall be entitled
to deal with the Clearing Agency for all purposes of this Indenture
(including the payment of principal of and interest on the Notes and
the giving of instructions or directions hereunder) as the sole holder
of the Notes, and shall have no obligation to the Note Owners;
(iii) to the extent that the provisions of this Section
conflict with any other provisions of this Indenture, the provisions
of this Section shall control;
(iv) the rights of Note Owners shall be exercised only
through the Clearing Agency and shall be limited to those established
by law and agreements between such Note Owners and the Clearing Agency
and/or the Clearing Agency Participants. Pursuant to the Note
Depository Agreement, unless and until Definitive Notes are issued
pursuant to Section 2.11, the Clearing Agency will make book-entry
transfers among the Clearing Agency Participants and receive and
transmit payments of principal of and interest on the Notes to such
Clearing Agency Participants; and
(v) whenever this Indenture requires or permits actions
to be taken based upon instructions or directions of Holders of Notes
evidencing a specified percentage of the Outstanding Amount, the
Clearing Agency shall be deemed to represent such percentage only to
the extent that it has received instructions to such effect from Note
Owners and/or Clearing Agency Participants owning or representing,
respectively, such required percentage of the beneficial interest in
the Notes and has delivered such instructions to the Trustee.
Section 2.10. Notices to Clearing Agency. Whenever a notice or other
communication to the Noteholders is required under this Indenture, unless and
until Definitive Notes shall have been issued to Note Owners pursuant to
Section 2.11, the Trustee shall give all such notices and communications
specified herein to be given to Holders of the Notes to the Clearing Agency,
and shall have no obligation to the Note Owners.
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Section 2.11. Definitive Notes. If (i)(A) the Administrator advises
the Trustee in writing that the Clearing Agency is no longer willing or able to
properly discharge its responsibilities as described in the Note Depository
Agreement, and (B) Trustee or the Administrator is unable to locate a qualified
successor, (ii) the Administrator at its option advises the Trustee in writing
that it elects to terminate the book-entry system through the Clearing Agency,
or (iii) after the occurrence of an Event of Default, the Note Owners
representing not less than 51% of the Outstanding Amount of a Class of Notes
advise the Trustee and the Clearing Agency through the Clearing Agency
Participants in writing that the continuation of a book-entry system through
the Clearing Agency is no longer in the best interests of the related Note
Owners, then the Trustee shall notify all Note Owners of the related Class of
Notes, through the Clearing Agency, of the occurrence of any such event and of
the availability of Definitive Notes of the related Class of Notes to Note
Owners requesting the same. Upon surrender to the Trustee of the Note or Notes
representing the Book-Entry Notes by the Clearing Agency, accompanied by
registration instructions, the Issuer shall execute and the Trustee shall
authenticate the Definitive Notes in accordance with the instructions of the
Clearing Agency. None of the Issuer, the Note Registrar or the Trustee shall
be liable for any delay in delivery of such instructions and may conclusively
rely on, and shall be protected in relying on, such instructions. Upon the
issuance of Definitive Notes of a Class, the Trustee shall recognize the
Holders of the Definitive Notes as Noteholders hereunder.
The Trustee shall not be liable if the Trustee or the Administrator is
unable to locate a qualified successor Clearing Agency. The Definitive Notes
shall be typewritten, printed, lithographed or engraved or produced by any
combination of these methods (with or without steel engraved borders), all as
determined by the officers executing such Notes, as evidenced by their
execution of such Notes.
Section 2.12. Release of Collateral. Subject to Section 11.01 and
the terms of the other Basic Documents, the Trustee shall release property from
the lien of this Indenture only upon receipt of an Issuer Request accompanied
by an Officer's Certificate, an Opinion of Counsel and Independent Certificates
in accordance with TIA Section Section 314(c) and 314(d)(l) or an Opinion of
Counsel in lieu of such Independent Certificates to the effect that the TIA
does not require any such Independent Certificates.
Section 2.13. Tax Treatment. The Issuer has entered into this
Indenture, and the Notes will be issued, with the intention that, for federal,
state and local income, single business and franchise tax purposes, the Notes
will qualify as indebtedness of the Issuer secured by the Trust Estate. The
Issuer, by entering into this Indenture, and each Noteholder, by its acceptance
of its Note (and each Note Owner by its acceptance of an interest in the
applicable Book-Entry Note), agree to treat the Notes for federal, state and
local income, single business and franchise tax purposes as indebtedness of the
Issuer.
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ARTICLE THREE
COVENANTS
Section 3.01. Payment of Principal and Interest. The Issuer will
duly and punctually pay the principal of and interest, if any, on the Notes in
accordance with the terms of the Notes and this Indenture. Without limiting
the foregoing, subject to Section 8.02(c), the Issuer will cause to be
distributed all amounts on deposit in the Note Distribution Account on a
Distribution Date deposited therein pursuant to the Sale and Servicing
Agreement for the benefit of (i) the Class A-1 Notes, to the Class A-1
Noteholders, (ii) the Class A-2 Notes, to the Class A-2 Noteholders, (iii) the
Class A-3 Notes, to the Class A-3 Noteholders and (iv) the Class A-4 Notes, to
the Class A-4 Noteholders. Amounts properly withheld under the Code by any
Person from a payment to any Noteholder of interest and/or principal shall be
considered as having been paid by the Issuer to such Noteholder for all
purposes of this Indenture.
Section 3.02. Maintenance of Office or Agency. The Chase Manhattan
Bank, as agent for the Issuer, will maintain in The City of New York, an office
or agency where Notes may be surrendered for registration of transfer or
exchange, and where notices and demands to or upon the Issuer in respect of the
Notes and this Indenture may be served. The Issuer hereby initially appoints
the Trustee to serve as its agent for the foregoing purposes. The Issuer will
give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and of any change in
the location, of any such office or agency. If at any time the Issuer shall
fail to maintain any such office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee
with the address thereof, such surrenders, notices and demands may be made or
served at the Corporate Trust Office, and the Issuer hereby appoints the
Trustee as its agent to receive all such surrenders, notices and demands.
Section 3.03. Money for Payments to be Held in Trust. As provided in
Sections 5.06 and 8.02, all payments of amounts due and payable with respect to
any Notes that are to be made from amounts withdrawn from the Collection
Account and the Note Distribution Account pursuant to Section 8.02(b) shall be
made on behalf of the Issuer by the Trustee or by another Paying Agent, and no
amounts so withdrawn from the Collection Account and the Note Distribution
Account for payments of Notes shall be paid over to the Issuer except as
provided in this Section.
On the Business Day immediately preceding each Distribution Date and
Redemption Date, the Issuer shall deposit or cause to be deposited in the Note
Distribution Account an aggregate sum sufficient to pay the amounts then
becoming due, such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons
entitled thereto and (unless the Paying Agent is the Trustee) shall promptly
notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to act.
The Issuer will cause each Paying Agent other than the Trustee to
execute and deliver to the Trustee and the Insurer an instrument in which such
Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee (and if the Trustee acts as Paying
Agent, it hereby so agrees), subject to the provisions of this Section, that
such Paying Agent will:
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(i) hold all sums held by it for the payment of amounts
due with respect to the Notes in trust for the benefit of the Persons
entitled thereto until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or
otherwise disposed of as herein provided and pay such sums to such
Persons as herein provided;
(ii) give the Trustee notice of any default by the Issuer
(or any other obligor upon the Notes) in the making of any payment
required to be made with respect to the Notes;
(iii) at any time during the continuance of any such
default, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the
Trustee all sums so held in trust by such Paying Agent;
(iv) immediately resign as Paying Agent and forthwith pay
to the Trustee all sums held by it in trust for the payment of Notes
if at any time it ceases to meet the standards required to be met by a
Paying Agent at the time of its appointment; and
(v) comply with all requirements of the Code with respect
to the withholding from any payments made by it on any Notes of any
applicable withholding taxes imposed thereon and with respect to any
applicable reporting requirements in connection therewith.
The Issuer may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the
satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, by
Issuer Order direct any Paying Agent to pay to the Trustee all sums held in
trust by such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the same
trusts as those upon which the sums were held by such Paying Agent; and upon
such payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustee, such Paying Agent shall be
released from all further liability with respect to such money.
Subject to applicable laws with respect to escheat of funds, any money
held by the Trustee or any Paying Agent in trust for the payment of any amount
due with respect to any Note and remaining unclaimed for two years after such
amount has become due and payable shall be discharged from such trust and upon
receipt of an Issuer Request with the consent of the Insurer (unless an Insurer
Default shall have occurred and be continuing) shall be deposited by the
Trustee in the Collection Account; and the Holder of such Note shall
thereafter, as an unsecured general creditor, look only to the Issuer for
payment thereof, and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with
respect to such trust money shall thereupon cease; provided, however, that if
such money or any portion thereof had been previously deposited by the Insurer
with the Trustee for the payment of principal or interest on the Notes, to the
extent any amounts are owing to the Insurer, such amounts shall be paid
promptly to the Insurer upon receipt of a written request by the Insurer to
such effect, and provided, further, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent,
before being required to make any such repayment, may at the expense of the
Issuer cause to be published once, in a newspaper published in the English
language, customarily published on each Business Day and of general circulation
in The City of New York, notice that such money remains unclaimed and that,
after a date specified therein, which shall not be less than 30 days from the
date of such
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publication, any unclaimed balance of such money then remaining will be repaid
to or for the account of the Issuer. The Trustee may also adopt and employ, at
the expense of the Issuer, any other reasonable means of notification of such
repayment (including, but not limited to, mailing notice of such repayment to
Holders whose Notes have been called but have not been surrendered for
redemption or whose right to or interest in monies due and payable but not
claimed is determinable from the records of the Trustee or of any Paying Agent,
at the last address of record for each such Holder).
Section 3.04. Existence. The Issuer will keep in full effect its
existence, rights and franchises as a business trust under the laws of the
State of Delaware (unless it becomes, or any successor Issuer hereunder is or
becomes, organized under the laws of any other state or of the United States,
in which case the Issuer will keep in full effect its existence, rights and
franchises under the laws of such other jurisdiction) and will obtain and
preserve its qualification to do business in each jurisdiction in which such
qualification is or shall be necessary to protect the validity and
enforceability of this Indenture, the Notes, the Collateral and each other
instrument or agreement included in the Trust Estate.
Section 3.05. Protection of Trust Estate. The Issuer intends the
security interest Granted pursuant to this Indenture in favor of the Trustee on
behalf of the Noteholders to be prior to all other liens in respect of the
Trust Estate, and the Issuer shall take all actions necessary to obtain and
maintain, for the benefit of the Trustee on behalf of the Noteholders, a first
lien on and a first priority, perfected security interest in the Trust Estate,
subject to the rights of the Insurer under the Insurance Agreement. The Issuer
will from time to time execute and deliver all such supplements and amendments
hereto and all such financing statements, continuation statements, instruments
of further assurance and other instruments, all as prepared by the Master
Servicer and delivered to the Issuer, and will take such other action necessary
or advisable to:
(i) Grant more effectively all or any portion of the
Trust Estate;
(ii) maintain or preserve the lien and security interest
(and the priority thereof) created by this Indenture or carry out more
effectively the purposes hereof;
(iii) perfect, publish notice of or protect the validity of
any Grant made or to be made by this Indenture;
(iv) enforce any of the Collateral;
(v) preserve and defend title to the Trust Estate and the
rights of the Trustee and the Noteholders in such Trust Estate against
the claims of all persons and parties; or
(vi) pay all taxes or assessments levied or assessed upon
the Trust Estate when due.
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The Issuer hereby designates the Trustee its agent and attorney-in-fact to
execute all financing statements, continuation statements or other instruments
required to be executed pursuant to this Section.
Section 3.06. Opinions as to Trust Estate.
(a) Promptly after the execution and delivery of this Indenture,
the Issuer shall furnish to the Trustee and the Insurer an Opinion of Counsel
to the effect that, in the opinion of such counsel, either (i) all financing
statements and continuation statements have been executed and filed that are
necessary to create and continue the Trustee's first priority perfected
security interest in the collateral (subject to the rights of the Insurer under
the Insurance Agreement) for the benefit of the Noteholders, and reciting the
details of such filings or referring to prior Opinions of Counsel in which such
details are given, or (ii) no such action shall be necessary to perfect such
security interest.
(b) Within 90 days after the beginning of each calendar year
beginning with the first calendar year beginning more than three months after
the Cut-Off Date, the Issuer shall furnish to the Trustee and the Insurer an
Opinion of Counsel, dated as of a date during such 90-day period, to the effect
that, in the opinion of such counsel, either (i) all financing statements and
continuation statements have been executed and filed that are necessary to
create and continue the Trustee's first priority perfected security interest in
the collateral (subject to the rights of the Insurer under the Insurance
Agreement) for the benefit of the Noteholders, and reciting the details of such
filings or referring to prior Opinions of Counsel in which such details are
given, or (ii) no such action shall be necessary to perfect such security
interest.
Section 3.07. Performance of Obligations; Servicing of Contracts.
(a) The Issuer will not take any action and will use its best
efforts not to permit any action to be taken by others, including the Servicer,
that would release any Person from any of such Person's material covenants or
obligations under any instrument or agreement included in the Trust Estate or
that would result in the amendment, hypothecation, subordination, termination
or discharge of, or impair the validity or effectiveness of, any such
instrument or agreement, except as expressly provided in the Basic Documents or
such other instrument or agreement.
(b) The Issuer may contract with other Persons acceptable to the
Insurer (so long as no Insurer Default shall have occurred and be continuing)
to assist it in performing its duties and obligations under this Indenture, and
any performance of such duties by a Person identified to the Trustee and the
Insurer in an Officer's Certificate shall be deemed to be action taken by the
Issuer. The Trustee shall not be responsible for the action or inaction of the
Master Servicer or the Administrator. Initially, the Issuer has contracted
with the Master Servicer and the Administrator to assist the Issuer in
performing its duties under this Indenture.
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(c) The Issuer will, and will cause the Administrator to,
punctually perform and observe all of the obligations and agreements of the
Issuer and the Administrator contained in this Indenture, the other Basic
Documents and in the instruments and agreements included in the Trust Estate,
including but not limited to filing or causing to be filed all UCC financing
statements and continuation statements required to be filed by the terms of
this Indenture and the other Basic Documents in accordance with and within the
time periods provided for herein and therein. Except as otherwise expressly
provided therein, the Issuer shall not waive, amend, modify, supplement or
terminate any Basic Document or any provision thereof without the consent of
the Trustee or the Holders of at least a majority of the Outstanding Amount or
such greater percentage as may be specified in the particular provision.
(d) If the Issuer shall have knowledge of the occurrence of a
Servicer Default, the Issuer shall promptly notify the Trustee, the Insurer and
each Rating Agency thereof, and shall specify in such notice the action, if
any, the Issuer is taking with respect of such default. If a Servicer Default
shall arise from the failure of the Master Servicer to perform any of its
duties or obligations under the Sale and Servicing Agreement with respect to
the Contracts, the Issuer shall take all reasonable steps available to it to
remedy such failure.
(e) If an Insurer Default shall have occurred and be continuing
and if the Issuer has given notice of termination to the Master Servicer of the
Master Servicer's rights and powers pursuant to Section 8.02 of the Sale and
Servicing Agreement, as promptly as possible thereafter, the Issuer shall
appoint a successor servicer (the "Successor Master Servicer"), and such
Successor Master Servicer shall accept its appointment by a written assumption
in a form acceptable to the Trustee. In the event that a Successor Master
Servicer has not been appointed and accepted its appointment at the time when
the Master Servicer ceases to act as Master Servicer, the Trustee without
further action shall automatically be appointed the Successor Master Servicer.
The Trustee may resign as the Successor Master Servicer by giving written
notice of such resignation to the Issuer and in such event will be released
from such duties and obligations, such release not to be effective until the
date a new servicer enters into a servicing agreement with the Issuer as
provided below. Upon delivery of any such notice to the Issuer, the Issuer
shall obtain a new servicer as the Successor Master Servicer under the Sale and
Servicing Agreement. Any Successor Master Servicer other than the Trustee
shall (i) be an established financial institution having a net worth of not
less than $50,000,000 and whose regular business includes the servicing of
motor vehicle receivables and (ii) enter into a servicing agreement with the
Issuer having substantially the same provisions as the provisions of the Sale
and Servicing Agreement applicable to the Master Servicer. If within 30 days
after the delivery of the notice referred to above, the Issuer shall not have
obtained such a new Master Servicer, the Trustee may appoint, or may petition a
court of competent jurisdiction to appoint, a Successor Master Servicer. In
connection with any such appointment, the Trustee may make such arrangements
for the compensation of such successor as it and such successor shall agree,
subject to the limitations set forth below and in the Sale and Servicing
Agreement, and in accordance with Section 8.02 of the Sale and Servicing
Agreement, the Issuer shall enter into an agreement with such successor for the
servicing of the Contracts (such agreement to be in form and substance
satisfactory to the Trustee). If the Trustee shall succeed to the Master
Servicer's duties as servicer of the Contracts as provided herein, it shall do
so in its individual capacity and not in its capacity as
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Trustee and, accordingly, the provisions of Article Six shall be inapplicable
to the Trustee in its duties as the successor to the Master Servicer and the
servicing of the Contracts. In case the Trustee shall become successor to the
Master Servicer under the Sale and Servicing Agreement, the Trustee shall be
entitled to appoint as Master Servicer one of its Affiliates, provided that it
shall be fully liable for the actions and omissions of such Affiliate in such
capacity as Successor Master Servicer.
(f) Upon any termination of the Master Servicer's rights and
powers pursuant to the Sale and Servicing Agreement, the Issuer shall promptly
notify the Trustee. As soon as a successor Master Servicer is appointed, the
Issuer shall notify the Trustee of such appointment, specifying in such notice
the name and address of such successor Master Servicer.
(g) The Issuer agrees that it will not waive timely performance or
observance by the Master Servicer or the Seller of their respective duties
under the Basic Documents: (i) without the prior consent of the Insurer (unless
an Insurer Default shall have occurred and be continuing) or (ii) if the effect
thereof would adversely affect the Holders of the Notes.
Section 3.08. Negative Covenants. Until the Termination Date, the
Issuer shall not:
(i) except as expressly permitted by the Basic Documents,
sell, transfer, exchange or otherwise dispose of any of the properties
or assets of the Issuer, including those included in the Trust Estate,
unless directed to do so by the Controlling Party;
(ii) claim any credit on, or make any deduction from the
principal or interest payable in respect of, the Notes (other than
amounts properly withheld from such payments under the Code or
applicable state law) or assert any claim against any present or
former Noteholder by reason of the payment of the taxes levied or
assessed upon any part of the Trust Estate;
(iii) (A) permit the validity or effectiveness of this
Indenture to be impaired, or permit the lien created by this Indenture
to be amended, hypothecated, subordinated, terminated or discharged,
or permit any Person to be released from any covenants or obligations
with respect to the Notes under this Indenture except as may be
expressly permitted hereby, (B) permit any lien, charge, excise,
claim, security interest, mortgage or other encumbrance (other than
the lien of this Indenture or the lien in favor of the Insurer created
by the Insurance Agreement) to be created on or extend to or otherwise
arise upon or burden the Trust Estate or any part thereof or any
interest therein or the proceeds thereof (other than tax liens,
mechanics' liens and other liens that arise by operation of law, in
each case on a Financed Vehicle and arising solely as a result of an
action or omission of the related Obligor), (C) permit the lien
created by this Indenture not to constitute a valid first priority
(other than with respect to any such tax, mechanics' or other lien)
security interest in the Trust Estate, or (D) amend, modify or fail to
comply with the provisions of the Basic Documents without the prior
written consent of the Controlling Party, except where the Basic
Documents allow for amendment or modification without the consent or
approval of the Controlling Party; or
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(iv) dissolve or liquidate in whole or in part.
Section 3.09. Annual Statement as to Compliance. The Issuer will
deliver to the Trustee and the Insurer, on or before 120 days after the end of
each fiscal year of the Issuer (commencing with the fiscal year ended December
31, 1999), an Officer's Certificate stating, as to the Authorized Officer
signing such Officer's Certificate, that:
(i) a review of the activities of the Issuer during such
year and of performance under this Indenture has been made under such
Authorized Officer's supervision; and
(ii) to the best of such Authorized Officer's knowledge,
based on such review, the Issuer has complied with all conditions and
covenants under this Indenture throughout such year, or, if there has
been a default in the compliance of any such condition or covenant,
specifying each such default known to such Authorized Officer and the
nature and status thereof.
Section 3.10. Issuer May Consolidate, etc. Only on Certain Terms.
(a) The Issuer shall not consolidate or merge with or into any
other Person, unless:
(i) the Person (if other than the Issuer) formed by or
surviving such consolidation or merger shall be a Person organized and
existing under the laws of the United States or any State and shall
expressly assume, by an indenture supplemental hereto, executed and
delivered to the Trustee, in form and substance satisfactory to the
Trustee and the Insurer (so long as no Insurer Default shall have
occurred and be continuing), the due and punctual payment of the
principal of and interest on all Notes and the performance or
observance of every agreement and covenant of this Indenture and each
other Basic Document on the part of the Issuer to be performed or
observed, all as provided herein;
(ii) immediately after giving effect to such consolidation
or merger, no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be
continuing;
(iii) the Rating Agency Condition shall have been satisfied
with respect to such consolidation or merger;
(iv) the Issuer shall have received an Opinion of Counsel
which shall be delivered to and shall be satisfactory to the Trustee
and the Insurer (so long as no Insurer Default shall have occurred and
be continuing) to the effect that such consolidation or merger will
not have any material adverse tax consequence to the Trust, the
Insurer, any Noteholder or any Certificateholder;
(v) any action as is necessary to maintain the lien and
security interest created by this Indenture shall have been taken;
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(vi) the Issuer shall have delivered to the Trustee an
Officer's Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel (which shall describe
the actions taken as required by clause (v) above or that no such
actions will be taken) each stating that such consolidation or merger
and such supplemental indenture comply with this Article Three and
that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to such
transaction have been compiled with (including any filings required by
the Exchange Act); and
(vii) so long as no Insurer Default shall have occurred and
be continuing, the Issuer shall have given the Insurer written notice
of such consolidation or merger at least 20 Business Days prior to the
consummation of such action and shall have received the prior written
approval of the Insurer of such consolidation or merger and the Issuer
or the Person (if other than the Issuer) formed by or surviving such
consolidation or merger has a net worth, immediately after such
consolidation or merger, that is (A) greater than zero and (B) not
less than the net worth of the Issuer immediately prior to giving
effect to such consolidation or merger.
(b) The Issuer shall not convey or transfer all or substantially
all of its properties or assets, including those included in the Trust Estate,
to any Person (except as expressly permitted by the Basic Documents), unless:
(i) the Person that acquires by conveyance or transfer
the properties and assets of the Issuer shall (A) be a United States
citizen or a Person organized and existing under the laws of the
United States or any State, (B) expressly assume, by an indenture
supplemental hereto, executed and delivered to the Trustee, in form
and substance satisfactory to the Trustee and the Insurer (so long as
no Insurer Default shall have occurred and be continuing), the due and
punctual payment of the principal of and interest on all Notes and the
performance or observance of every agreement and covenant of this
Indenture and each other Basic Document on the part of the Issuer to
be performed or observed, all as provided herein, (C) expressly agree
by means of such supplemental indenture that all right, title and
interest so conveyed or transferred shall be subject and subordinate
to the rights of Holders of the Notes, (D) unless otherwise provided
in such supplemental indenture, expressly agree to indemnify, defend
and hold harmless the Issuer against and from any loss, liability or
expense arising under or related to this Indenture and the Notes and
(E) expressly agree by means of such supplemental indenture that such
Person (or if a group of Persons, then one specified Person) shall
make all filings with the Commission (and any other appropriate
Person) required by the Exchange Act in connection with the Notes;
(ii) immediately after giving effect to such conveyance or
transference, no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and
be continuing;
(iii) the Rating Agency Condition shall have been satisfied
with respect to such conveyance or transference;
(iv) the Issuer shall have received an Opinion of Counsel
which shall be delivered to and shall be satisfactory to the Trustee
and the Insurer (so long as no
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Insurer Default shall have occurred and be continuing) to the effect
that such conveyance or transference will not have any material
adverse tax consequence to the Trust, the Insurer, any Noteholder or
any Certificateholder;
(v) any action as is necessary to maintain the lien and
security interest created by this Indenture shall have been taken;
(vi) the Issuer shall have delivered to the Trustee an
Officer's Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel (which shall describe
the actions taken as required by clause (v) above or that no such
actions will be taken) each stating that such conveyance or
transference and such supplemental indenture comply with this Article
Three and that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating
to such transaction have been complied with (including any filings
required by the Exchange Act); and
(vii) so long as no Insurer Default shall have occurred and
be continuing, the Issuer shall have given the Insurer written notice
of such conveyance or transfer of properties or assets at least 20
Business Days prior to the consummation of such action and shall have
received the prior written approval of the Insurer of such conveyance
or transfer and the Person acquiring by conveyance or transference the
properties or assets of the Issuer has a net worth, immediately after
such conveyance or transfer, that is (A) greater than zero and (B) not
less than the net worth of the Issuer immediately prior to giving
effect to such conveyance or transfer.
Section 3.11. Successor or Transferee.
(a) Upon any consolidation or merger of the Issuer in accordance
with Section 3.10(a), the Person formed by or surviving such consolidation or
merger (if other than the Issuer) shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and
may exercise every right and power of, the Issuer under this Indenture with the
same effect as if such Person had been named as the Issuer herein.
(b) Upon a conveyance or transfer of all or substantially all the
assets or properties of the Issuer pursuant to Section 3.10(b), the Issuer will
be released from every covenant and agreement of this Indenture to be observed
or performed on the part of the Issuer with respect to the Notes immediately
upon the delivery of written notice to the Trustee stating that the Issuer is
to be so released.
Section 3.12. No Other Business. The Issuer shall not engage in any
business other than financing, purchasing, owning, selling and managing the
Contracts in the manner contemplated by this Indenture and the other Basic
Documents and activities incidental thereto.
Section 3.13. No Borrowing. The Issuer shall not issue, incur,
assume, guarantee or otherwise become liable, directly or indirectly, for any
Indebtedness except for (i) the Notes, (ii) obligations or Indebtedness owing
from time to time to the Insurer under the Insurance Agreement and (iii) any
other Indebtedness permitted by or arising under the other Basic
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Documents. The proceeds of the Notes and the Certificates shall be used
exclusively to fund the Issuer's purchase of the Contracts and the other assets
specified in the Sale and Servicing Agreement, to fund the Spread Account and
to pay the transactional expenses of the Issuer.
Section 3.14. Master Servicer's Obligations. The Issuer shall cause
the Master Servicer to comply with Sections 4.09, 4.10, 4.11 and 5.07 and
Article Nine of the Sale and Servicing Agreement.
Section 3.15. Guarantees, Loans, Advances and Other Liabilities.
Except as otherwise contemplated by the Basic Documents, the Issuer shall not
make any loan or advance or credit to, or guarantee (directly or indirectly or
by an instrument having the effect of assuming another's payment or performance
on any obligation or capability of so doing or otherwise), endorse or otherwise
become contingently liable, directly or indirectly, in connection with the
obligations, stocks or dividends of, or own, purchase, repurchase or acquire
(or agree contingently to do so) any stock, obligations, assets or securities
of, any other interest in, or make any capital contribution to, any other
Person.
Section 3.16. Capital Expenditures. The Issuer shall not make any
expenditure (by long-term or operating lease or otherwise) for capital assets
(either realty or personalty).
Section 3.17. Restricted Payments. Except as expressly permitted by
the Basic Documents, the Issuer shall not, directly or indirectly, (i) pay any
dividend or make any distribution (by reduction of capital or otherwise),
whether in cash, property, securities or a combination thereof, to the Owner
Trustee or any owner of a beneficial interest in the Issuer or otherwise with
respect to any ownership or equity interest or security in or of the Issuer or
to the Master Servicer, (ii) redeem, purchase, retire or otherwise acquire for
value any such ownership or equity interest or security or (iii) set aside or
otherwise segregate any amounts for any such purpose; provided, however, that
the Issuer may make, or cause to be made, (A) distributions to the Master
Servicer, the Owner Trustee and the Certificateholders as contemplated by, and
to the extent funds are available for such purpose under, the Sale and
Servicing Agreement or the Trust Agreement and (B) payments to the Trustee and
the Owner Trustee pursuant to Section 1(a)(ii) of the Administration Agreement.
The Issuer will not, directly or indirectly, make payments to or distributions
from the Collection Account except in accordance with this Indenture and the
other Basic Documents.
Section 3.18. Notice of Events of Default. The Issuer agrees to give
the Trustee, the Insurer and each Rating Agency prompt written notice of each
Event of Default hereunder and each default on the part of the Master Servicer
or the Seller of their respective obligations under the Sale and Servicing
Agreement.
Section 3.19. Further Instruments and Acts. Upon request of the
Trustee or the Insurer, the Issuer will execute and deliver such further
instruments and do such further acts as may be reasonably necessary or proper
to carry out more effectively the purpose of this Indenture.
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Section 3.20. Compliance with Laws. The Issuer shall comply with the
requirements of all applicable laws, the non-compliance with which would,
individually or in the aggregate, materially and adversely affect the ability
of the Issuer to perform its obligations under the Notes, this Indenture or any
other Basic Document.
Section 3.21. Amendments of Sale and Servicing Agreement and Trust
Agreement. The Issuer shall not agree to any amendment to Section 10.01 of the
Sale and Servicing Agreement or Section 11.01 of the Trust Agreement to
eliminate the requirements thereunder that the Trustee or the Holders of the
Notes consent to amendments thereto as provided therein.
Section 3.22. Removal of Administrator. If an Insurer Default shall
have occurred and be continuing, so long as any Notes are issued and
outstanding, the Issuer shall not remove the Administrator without cause unless
the Rating Agency Condition shall have been satisfied in connection with such
removal.
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ARTICLE FOUR
SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE
Section 4.01. Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture. This
Indenture shall cease to be of further effect with respect to the Notes except
as to (i) rights of registration of transfer and exchange, (ii) substitution of
mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Notes, (iii) rights of Noteholders to
receive payments of principal thereof and interest thereon, (iv) Sections 3.03,
3.04, 3.05, 3.07, 3.08, 3.10, 3.12, 3.13, 3.20 and 3.21, (v) the rights,
obligations and immunities of the Trustee hereunder (including the rights of
the Trustee under Section 6.07 and the obligations of the Trustee under Section
4.02), (vi) the rights of Noteholders as beneficiaries hereof with respect to
the property so deposited with the Trustee payable to all or any of them and
(vii) the obligation of the Trustee to make claims under the Note Policy, which
shall survive the Class A-4 Final Distribution Date and extend through any
preference period applicable with respect to the Notes or any payments made in
respect of the Notes, and the Trustee, on demand of and at the expense of the
Issuer, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and
discharge of this Indenture with respect to the Notes, when
(A) either
(1) all Notes theretofore authenticated and
delivered (other than (i) Notes that have been destroyed, lost
or stolen and that have been replaced or paid as provided in
Section 2.05 and (ii) Notes for whose payment money has
theretofore been deposited in trust or segregated and held in
trust by the Issuer and thereafter repaid to the Issuer or
discharged from such trust, as provided in Section 3.03) have
been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation and the Note
Policy has expired and been returned to the Insurer for
cancellation; or
(2) all Notes not theretofore delivered to the
Trustee for cancellation
(i) have become due and payable,
(ii) will become due and payable at the Class A-4
Final Distribution Date within one year, or
(iii) are to be called for redemption within one
year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee
for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee
in the name, and at the expense, of the Issuer,
and the Issuer, in the case of clauses (i), (ii) or (iii)
above, has irrevocably deposited or caused to be irrevocably
deposited with the Trustee cash or direct obligations of or
obligations guaranteed by the United States (which will mature
prior to the date such amounts are payable), in trust in an
Eligible Account for such purpose, in an amount sufficient to
pay and discharge the entire indebtedness on such Notes not
theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation when due
to the final scheduled Distribution Date or Redemption
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Date (if Notes shall have been called for redemption pursuant
to Section 10.01(a)), as the case may be;
(B) the Issuer has paid or performed or caused to be paid
or performed all amounts and obligations which the Issuer may owe to
or on behalf of (1) the Trustee for the benefit of the Noteholders
under this Indenture or the Notes and (2) the Insurer under this
Indenture; and
(C) the Issuer has delivered to the Trustee and the
Insurer an Officer's Certificate, an Opinion of Counsel and (if
required by the TIA, the Trustee and the Insurer) an Independent
Certificate from a firm of certified public accountants, each meeting
the applicable requirements of Section 11.01(a) and, subject to
Section 11.02, each stating that all conditions precedent herein
provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this
Indenture have been complied with (and, in the case of the foregoing
Officer's Certificate, stating that the Rating Agency Condition has
been satisfied).
Section 4.02. Application of Trust Money. All monies deposited with
the Trustee pursuant to Section 4.01 shall be held in trust and applied by it,
in accordance with the provisions of the Notes and this Indenture, to the
payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent, as the Trustee may
determine, to the Holders of the particular Notes for the payment or redemption
of which such monies have been deposited with the Trustee, of all sums due and
to become due thereon for principal and interest; but such monies need not be
segregated from other funds except to the extent required herein or in the Sale
and Servicing Agreement or required by law.
Section 4.03. Repayment of Monies Held by Paying Agent. In
connection with the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture with respect
to the Notes, all monies then held by any Paying Agent other than the Trustee
under the provisions of this Indenture with respect to such Notes shall, upon
demand of the Issuer, be paid to the Trustee to be held and applied according
to Section 3.03 and thereupon such Paying Agent shall be released from all
further liability with respect to such monies.
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ARTICLE FIVE
REMEDIES
Section 5.01. Events of Default. "Event of Default," wherever used
herein, means any one of the following events (whatever the reason for such
Event of Default and whether it shall be voluntary or involuntary or be
effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of
any court or any order, rule or regulation of any administrative or
governmental body):
(i) default by the Issuer in the payment of any interest
on any Note when the same becomes due and payable, and such default
shall continue for a period of five days, without taking into account
the effect of any payment under the Note Policy;
(ii) default by the Issuer in the payment of the principal
of or any installment of the principal of any Note when the same
becomes due and payable, without taking into account the effect of any
payment under the Note Policy;
(iii) default in the observance or performance of any
covenant or agreement of the Issuer made in this Indenture (other than
a covenant or agreement, a default in the observance or performance of
which is elsewhere in this Section specifically dealt with), or any
representation or warranty of the Issuer made in this Indenture or in
any certificate or other writing delivered pursuant hereto or in
connection herewith proves to have been incorrect in any material
respect as of the time when the same shall have been made, and such
default shall continue or not be cured, or the circumstance or
condition in respect of which such misrepresentation or warranty was
incorrect shall not have been eliminated or otherwise cured, for a
period of 30 days after there shall have been given, by registered or
certified mail, to the Issuer and the Trustee by the Insurer (so long
as an Insurer Default shall not have occurred and be continuing) or,
if an Insurer Default shall have occurred and be continuing, to the
Issuer by the Trustee or to the Issuer and the Trustee by the Holders
of at least 25% of the Outstanding Amount of the Notes, taken together
as a single class, a written notice specifying such default or
incorrect representation or warranty and requiring it to be remedied
and stating that such notice is a "Notice of Default" hereunder;
(iv) the filing of a decree or order for relief by a court
having jurisdiction in the premises in respect of the Issuer or any
substantial part of the Trust Estate in an involuntary case under any
applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar
law now or hereafter in effect, or appointing a receiver, liquidator,
assignee, custodian, trustee, sequestrator or similar official of the
Issuer or for any substantial part of the Trust Estate, or ordering
the winding-up or liquidation of the Issuer's affairs, and such decree
or order shall remain unstayed and in effect for a period of 60
consecutive days; or
(v) the commencement by the Issuer of a voluntary case
under any applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or other
similar law now or hereafter
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in effect, or the consent by the Issuer to the entry of an order for
relief in an involuntary case under any such law, or the consent by
the Issuer to the appointment or taking possession by a receiver,
liquidator, assignee, custodian, trustee, sequestrator or similar
official of the Issuer or for any substantial part of the Trust
Estate, or the making by the Issuer of any general assignment for the
benefit of creditors, or the failure by the Issuer generally to pay
its debts as such debts become due, or the taking of action by the
Issuer in furtherance of any of the foregoing.
The Issuer shall deliver to the Trustee and the Insurer, within five
days after obtaining knowledge of the occurrence thereof, written notice in the
form of an Officer's Certificate of any event which with the giving of notice
and the lapse of time would become an Event of Default under clause (iii)
above, its status and what action the Issuer is taking or proposes to take with
respect thereto.
Section 5.02. Rights upon Event of Default.
(a) So long as no Insurer Default has occurred and is continuing,
if an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, then with the
consent of the Insurer, the Notes shall become immediately due and payable at
par, together with accrued interest thereon. The Trustee will have no
discretion with respect to the acceleration of the Notes under the foregoing
circumstances. In the event of any such acceleration of the Notes, the Trustee
shall continue to be entitled to make claims under the Note Policy pursuant to
Section 5.18 for Scheduled Payments on the Notes. Payments under the Note
Policy following acceleration of the Notes shall be applied by the Trustee:
(i) to Noteholders for amounts due and unpaid on the
Notes for interest, ratably, without preference or priority of any
kind, according to the amounts due and payable on the Notes for
interest; and
(ii) to each Class of Noteholders for amounts due and
unpaid on such Class of Notes for principal, ratably, without
preference or priority of any kind, according to amounts due and
payable on the Notes for principal.
(b) So long as no Insurer Default has occurred and is continuing,
in the event the Notes are accelerated due to an Event of Default, the Insurer
shall have the right (in addition to its obligation to pay Scheduled Payments
on the Notes in accordance with the Note Policy), but not the obligation, to
elect:
(i) to cause the Trustee or the Master Servicer, subject
to Section 5.04, to sell or liquidate the Trust Estate, in whole or in
part, on any date or dates following such acceleration as the Insurer,
in its sole discretion, shall elect; or
(ii) to pay Scheduled Payments on the Notes in accordance
with the Note Policy.
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(c) If an Insurer Default shall have occurred and be continuing
and an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, the Trustee may,
or if so requested in writing by Holders of Notes representing at least 66-2/3%
of the aggregate Outstanding Amount, upon prior written notice to each Rating
Agency, shall declare by written notice to the Issuer that the Notes become,
whereupon they shall become, immediately due and payable at par, together with
accrued interest thereon. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this
paragraph (c), if an Event of Default specified in Section 5.01(iv) or (v)
shall occur and be continuing when an Insurer Default has occurred and is
continuing, the Notes shall become immediately due and payable at par, together
with accrued interest thereon.
Section 5.03. Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by
Trustee; Authority of Controlling Party.
(a) The Issuer covenants that if the Notes are accelerated
following the occurrence of an Event of Default, the Issuer will, upon demand
of the Trustee, pay to it, for the benefit of the Holders of the Notes, the
whole amount then due and payable on such Notes for principal and interest,
with interest upon the overdue principal, and, to the extent payment at such
rate of interest shall be legally enforceable, upon overdue installments of
interest, at the applicable Interest Rate and in addition thereto such further
amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection,
including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of
the Trustee and its agents and counsel.
(b) Each of the Trustee and the Insurer hereby irrevocably and
unconditionally appoints the Controlling Party as the true and lawful
attorney-in-fact of such Person for so long as such Person is not the
Controlling Party, with full power of substitution, to execute, acknowledge and
deliver any notice, document, certificate, paper, pleading or instrument and to
do in the name of the Controlling Party as well as in the name, place and stead
of such Person such acts, things and deeds for or on behalf of and in the name
of such Person under this Indenture (including specifically under Section 5.04)
and under the other Basic Documents which such Person could or might do or
which may be necessary, desirable or convenient in such Controlling Party's
sole discretion to effect the purposes contemplated hereunder and under the
other Basic Documents and, without limitation, following the occurrence of an
Event of Default, exercise full right, power and authority to take, or defer
from taking, any and all acts with respect to the administration, maintenance
or disposition of the Trust Estate.
(c) If an Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee
may in its discretion but with the consent of the Controlling Party (except as
provided in Section 5.03(d)), proceed to protect and enforce the rights of the
Noteholders, by such appropriate Proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most
effective to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific
enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the
exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy or
legal or equitable right vested in the Trustee by this Indenture or by law.
(d) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this
Indenture and regardless of whether an Insurer Default shall have occurred and
be continuing, if the Issuer
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fails to perform its obligations under Section 10.01(b) when and as due, the
Trustee may in its discretion (and without the consent of the Controlling
Party) proceed to protect and enforce its rights and the rights of the
Noteholders by such appropriate proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most
effective to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for specific
performance of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the
exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other remedy or legal
or equitable right vested in the Trustee by this Indenture or by law; provided
that the Trustee shall only be entitled to take any such actions without the
consent of the Controlling Party to the extent such actions (i) are taken only
to enforce the Issuer's obligations to redeem the principal amount of Notes,
and (ii) are taken only against the portion of the Collateral, if any,
consisting of the Spread Account, any investments therein and any proceeds
thereof.
(e) In case there shall be pending, relative to the Issuer or any
other obligor upon the Notes or any Person having or claiming an ownership
interest in the Trust Estate, Proceedings under Title 11 of the United States
Code or any other applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or other
similar law, or in case a receiver, assignee or trustee in bankruptcy or
reorganization, liquidator, sequestrator or similar official shall have been
appointed for or taken possession of the Issuer or its property or such other
obligor or Person, or in case of any other comparable judicial Proceedings
relative to the Issuer or other obligor upon the Notes, or to the creditors or
property of the Issuer or such other obligor, the Trustee, irrespective of
whether the principal of any Notes shall then be due and payable as therein
expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the
Trustee shall have made any demand pursuant to the provisions of this Section,
shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such Proceedings or
otherwise:
(i) to file and prove a claim or claims for the whole
amount of principal and interest owing and unpaid in respect of the
Notes and to file such other papers or documents as may be necessary
or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any
claim for reasonable compensation to the Trustee and each predecessor
Trustee, and their respective agents, attorneys and counsel, and for
reimbursement of all expenses and liabilities incurred, and all
advances made, by the Trustee and each predecessor Trustee, except as
a result of negligence or bad faith) and of the Noteholders allowed in
such Proceedings;
(ii) unless prohibited by applicable law and regulations,
to vote on behalf of the Holders of Notes in any election of a
trustee, a standby trustee or Person performing similar functions in
any such Proceedings;
(iii) to collect and receive any monies or other property
payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute all
amounts received with respect to the claims of the Noteholders and of
the Trustee on their behalf; and
(iv) to file such proofs of claim and other papers or
documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims
of the Trustee or the Holders of Notes allowed in any judicial
proceedings relative to the Issuer, its creditors and its property;
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and any trustee, receiver, liquidator, custodian or other similar official in
any such Proceeding is hereby authorized by each of such Noteholders to make
payments to the Trustee, and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to
the making of payments directly to such Noteholders, to pay to the Trustee such
amounts as shall be sufficient to cover reasonable compensation to the Trustee,
each predecessor Trustee and their respective agents, attorneys and counsel,
and all other expenses and liabilities incurred, and all advances made, by the
Trustee and each predecessor Trustee except as a result of negligence or bad
faith.
(f) Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the
Trustee to authorize or consent to or vote for or accept or adopt on behalf of
any Noteholder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or
composition affecting the Notes or the rights of any Holder thereof or to
authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Noteholder in any
such proceeding except, as aforesaid, to vote for the election of a trustee in
bankruptcy or similar Person.
(g) All rights of action and of asserting claims under this
Indenture or under any of the Notes, may be enforced by the Trustee without the
possession of any of the Notes or the production thereof in any trial or other
Proceedings relative thereto, and any such action or Proceedings instituted by
the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust,
and any recovery of judgment, subject to the payment of the expenses,
disbursements and compensation of the Trustee, each predecessor Trustee and
their respective agents and attorneys, shall be for the ratable benefit of the
Holders of the Notes.
(h) In any Proceedings brought by the Trustee (including any
Proceedings involving the interpretation of any provision of this Indenture),
the Trustee shall be held to represent all the Holders of the Notes, and it
shall not be necessary to make any Noteholder a party to any such Proceedings.
Section 5.04. Remedies. If an Event of Default shall have occurred
and be continuing the Controlling Party may (subject to Sections 5.02 and
5.05):
(i) institute Proceedings in its own name and as or on
behalf of a trustee of an express trust for the collection of all
amounts then payable on the Notes or under this Indenture with respect
thereto, whether by declaration or otherwise, enforce any judgment
obtained, and collect from the Issuer and any other obligor upon such
Notes monies adjudged due;
(ii) institute Proceedings from time to time for the
complete or partial foreclosure of this Indenture with respect to the
Trust Estate;
(iii) exercise any remedies of a secured party under the
UCC and any other remedy available to the Trustee and take any other
appropriate action to protect and enforce the rights and remedies of
the Trustee on behalf of the Noteholders under this Indenture or the
Notes; and
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(iv) direct the Trustee or the Master Servicer to sell or
otherwise liquidate the Trust Estate or any portion thereof or rights
or interests therein, at one or more public or private sales called
and conducted in any manner permitted by law and deliver the proceeds
of such sale or liquidation to the Trustee for distribution in
accordance with the terms of this Indenture; provided, however, that,
except as otherwise provided in the immediately succeeding sentence,
no such sale or liquidation can be made if the proceeds of such sale
or liquidation distributable to the Noteholders are not sufficient to
pay all outstanding principal of and accrued interest on the Notes.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the proceeds of such sale or
liquidation need not be sufficient to pay all outstanding principal of
and accrued interest on the Notes if (A) the Insurer is the
Controlling Party and the related Event of Default arose as described
in clause (i), (ii), (iv) or (v) of Section 5.01 or (B) the Trustee is
the Controlling Party and (1) the Holders of 100% of the Outstanding
Amount of the Notes, voting together as a single class, consent to
such sale or liquidation or (2) the Trustee determines that the Trust
Estate will not continue to provide sufficient funds for the payment
of principal of and interest on the Notes as they would have become
due if the Notes had not been declared due and payable, the Trustee
provides prior written notice of such sale or liquidation to each
Rating Agency and Holders of 66-2/3% of the Outstanding Amount of the
Notes, voting together as a single class, consent to such sale or
liquidation. In determining such sufficiency or insufficiency of (i)
the proceeds of such sale or liquidation to pay all outstanding
principal of and accrued interest on the Notes or (ii) the Trust
Estate to provide sufficient funds for the payment of principal of and
interest on the Notes as they would have become due if the Notes had
not been declared due and payable, the Trustee may, but need not,
obtain and rely upon an opinion of an Independent investment banking
or accounting firm of national reputation as to the feasibility of
such proposed action and as to the sufficiency of the Trust Estate for
such purpose.
Section 5.05. Optional Preservation of the Contracts. If the Trustee
is the Controlling Party and if the Notes have been declared to be due and
payable under Section 5.02 following an Event of Default and such declaration
and its consequences have not been rescinded and annulled, the Trustee may, but
need not, elect to maintain possession of the Trust Estate. It is the desire
of the parties hereto and the Noteholders that there be at all times sufficient
funds for the payment of principal of and interest on the Notes, and the
Trustee shall take such desire into account when determining whether or not to
maintain possession of the Trust Estate. In determining whether to maintain
possession of the Trust Estate, the Trustee may, but need not, obtain and rely
upon an opinion of an Independent investment banking or accounting firm of
national reputation as to the feasibility of such proposed action and as to the
sufficiency of the Trust Estate for such purpose.
Section 5.06. Priorities.
(a) If the Trustee collects any money or property pursuant to this
Article (excluding any payments made under the Note Policy), it shall pay out
the money or property in the following order and priority:
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(i) amounts due and owing and required to be distributed
to the Master Servicer, the Owner Trustee and the Trustee,
respectively, pursuant to clauses (i) and (ii) of Section 5.05(a) of
the Sale and Servicing Agreement and not previously distributed, in
the order of such priorities and without preference or priority of any
kind within such priorities;
(ii) to each Class of Noteholders, accrued and unpaid
interest on the outstanding principal amount of the related Class of
Notes at the related Interest Rate, together with, to the extent
permitted by applicable law, interest at the related Interest Rate on
any interest accrued but not timely paid;
(iii) to Holders of the Class A-1 Notes for amounts due and
unpaid on the Class A-1 Notes for principal, ratably, without
preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and
payable on the Class A-1 Notes for principal, until the Outstanding
Amount of the Class A-1 Notes is reduced to zero;
(iv) to Holders of the Class A-2 Notes for amounts due and
unpaid on the Class A-2 Notes for principal, ratably, without
preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and
payable on the Class A-2 Notes for principal, until the Outstanding
Amount of the Class A-2 Notes is reduced to zero;
(v) to Holders of the Class A-3 Notes for amounts due and
unpaid on the Class A-3 Notes for principal, ratably, without
preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and
payable on the Class A-3 Notes for principal, until the Outstanding
Amount of the Class A-3 Notes is reduced to zero;
(vi) to Holders of the Class A-4 Notes for amounts due and
unpaid on the Class A-4 Notes for principal, ratably, without
preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and
payable on the Class A-4 Notes for principal, until the Outstanding
Amount of the Class A-4 Notes is reduced to zero;
(vii) amounts due and unpaid on the Certificates for
interest and principal, to the Owner Trustee for distribution to
Certificateholders in accordance with Section 5.02(a) of the Trust
Agreement;
(viii) amounts due and owing and required to be distributed
to the Insurer pursuant to clause (ix) of Section 5.05(a) of the Sale
and Servicing Agreement and not previously distributed; and
(ix) any excess amounts remaining after making the
distributions described in clauses (i) through (viii) above shall be
distributed in the following order of priority: into the Spread
Account until (A) the amounts on deposit therein equal the Minimum
Funded Amount and (B) the sum of the Funded Amount and the
Overcollateralization Amount equals the Specified Spread Account
Balance, with any excess up to the lesser of (x) the amount by which
the Funded Amount exceeds the Minimum Funded Amount and (y) the amount
by which the sum of the Funded
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Amount and the Overcollateralization Amount exceeds the Specified
Spread Account Balance being distributed, first, to the Seller until
the Seller has received an aggregate amount equal to the Spread
Account Initial Deposit and second, to the Seller and the Company in
the proportions of 99% and 1%, respectively.
(b) The Trustee may fix a record date and payment date for any
payment to Noteholders pursuant to this Section. At least 15 days before such
record date, the Issuer shall mail to each Noteholder and the Trustee a notice
that states the record date, the payment date and the amount to be paid.
Section 5.07. Limitation of Suits. No Holder of any Note shall have
any right to institute any Proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to
this Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any
other remedy hereunder, unless:
(i) such Holder has previously given written notice to
the Trustee of a continuing Event of Default;
(ii) the Holders of not less than 25% of the Outstanding
Amount of the Notes have made written request to the Trustee to
institute such Proceeding in respect of such Event of Default in its
own name as Trustee hereunder;
(iii) such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee
reasonable indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be
incurred in complying with such request;
(iv) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such
notice, request and offer of indemnity has failed to institute such
Proceedings;
(v) no direction inconsistent with such written request
has been given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders
of a majority of the Outstanding Amount of the Notes, voting together
as a single class; and
(vi) an Insurer Default shall have occurred and be
continuing.
It is understood and intended that no one or more Holders of Notes shall have
any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision
of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other
Holders of Notes or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over
any other Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the
manner herein provided.
In the event the Trustee shall receive conflicting or inconsistent
requests and indemnity from two or more groups of Holders of Notes, each
representing less than a majority of the Outstanding Amount of the Notes, the
Trustee in its sole discretion may determine that action, if any, shall be
taken, notwithstanding any other provisions of this Indenture.
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Section 5.08. Unconditional Rights of Noteholders to Receive
Principal and Interest. Notwithstanding any other provisions in this
Indenture, the Holder of any Note shall have the right, which is absolute and
unconditional, to receive payment of the principal of and interest on such Note
on or after the respective due dates thereof expressed in such Note or in this
Indenture (or, in the case of redemption, on or after the Redemption Date) and
to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment, and such right shall
not be impaired without the consent of such Holder; provided, however, that so
long as an Insurer Default shall not have occurred and be continuing, no such
suit shall be instituted.
Section 5.09. Restoration of Rights and Remedies. If the Controlling
Party or any Noteholder has instituted any Proceeding to enforce any right or
remedy under this Indenture and such Proceeding has been discontinued or
abandoned for any reason or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to
such Noteholder, then and in every such case the Issuer, the Trustee and the
Noteholders shall, subject to any determination in such Proceeding, be restored
severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder, and thereafter
all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Noteholders shall continue as
though no such Proceeding had been instituted.
Section 5.10. Rights and Remedies Cumulative. No right or remedy
herein conferred upon or reserved to the Controlling Party or to the
Noteholders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every
right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in
addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter
existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any
right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent
assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.
Section 5.11. Delay or Omission Not a Waiver. No delay or omission
of the Controlling Party or any Holder of any Note to exercise any right or
remedy accruing upon any Default or Event of Default shall impair any such
right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Default or Event of Default
or an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article Five
or by law to the Trustee or to the Noteholders may be exercised from time to
time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the
Noteholders, as the case may be.
Section 5.12. Control by Noteholders. If the Trustee is the
Controlling Party, the Holders of a majority of the Outstanding Amount of the
Notes shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting
any Proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee with respect to the
Notes or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee; provided that:
(i) such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule
of law or with this Indenture;
(ii) subject to the terms of Section 5.04, any direction
to the Trustee to sell or liquidate the Trust Estate shall be by the
Holders of Notes representing not less than 100% of the Outstanding
Amount of the Notes;
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(iii) if the conditions set forth in Section 5.05 have been
satisfied and the Trustee elects to retain the Trust Estate pursuant
to such Section, then any direction to the Trustee by Holders of Notes
representing less than 100% of the Outstanding Amount of the Notes to
sell or liquidate the Trust Estate shall be of no force and effect;
and
(iv) the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper
by the Trustee that is not inconsistent with such direction.
Notwithstanding the rights of Noteholders set forth in this Section, subject to
Section 6.01, the Trustee need not take any action that it determines, in its
sole discretion, might involve it in liability or might materially adversely
affect the rights of any Noteholders not consenting to such action.
Section 5.13. Waiver of Past Defaults. If an Insurer Default shall
have occurred and be continuing, the Holders of Notes of not less than a
majority of the Outstanding Amount of the Notes may waive any past Default or
Event of Default and its consequences except a Default (i) in payment of
principal of or interest on any of the Notes or (ii) in respect of a covenant
or provision hereof which cannot be modified or amended without the consent of
the Holder of each Note. In the case of any such waiver, the Issuer, the
Trustee and the Holders of the Notes shall be restored to their former
positions and rights hereunder, respectively; but no such waiver shall extend
to any subsequent or other Default or impair any right consequent thereto.
Upon any such waiver, such Default shall cease to exist and be deemed
to have been cured and not to have occurred, and any Event of Default arising
therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured and not to have occurred, for
every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any
subsequent or other Default or Event of Default or impair any right consequent
thereto.
Section 5.14. Undertaking for Costs. All parties to this Indenture
agree, and each Holder of any Note by such Holder's acceptance thereof shall be
deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion require, in any
suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any
suit against the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it as
Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay
the costs of such suit and that such court may in its discretion assess
reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys' fees, against any party
litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the
claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions of this
Section shall not apply to (i) any suit instituted by the Trustee, (ii) any
suit instituted by any Noteholder, or group of Noteholders, in each case
holding in the aggregate more than 10% of the Outstanding Amount of the Notes
or (iii) any suit instituted by any Noteholder for the enforcement of the
payment of principal of or interest on any Note on or after the respective due
dates expressed in such Note and in this Indenture (or, in the case of
redemption, on or after the Redemption Date).
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Section 5.15. Waiver of Stay or Extension Laws. The Issuer covenants
(to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will not at any time insist
upon, or plead or in and manner whatsoever, claim or take the benefit or
advantage of, any stay or extension law wherever enacted, now or at any time
hereafter in force, that may affect the covenants or the performance of this
Indenture; and the Issuer (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) hereby
expressly waives all benefit or advantages of any such law, and covenants that
it will not hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted
to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as
though no such law had been enacted.
Section 5.16. Action on Notes. The Trustee's right to seek and
recover judgment on the Notes or under this Indenture shall not be affected by
the seeking, obtaining or application of any other relief under or with respect
to this Indenture. Neither the lien of this Indenture nor any rights or
remedies of the Trustee or the Noteholders shall be impaired by the recovery of
any judgment by the Trustee against the Issuer or by the levy of any execution
under such judgment upon any portion of the Trust Estate or upon any of the
assets of the Issuer. Any money or property collected by the Trustee shall be
applied in accordance with Section 5.06.
Section 5.17. Performance and Enforcement of Certain Obligations.
(a) Promptly following a request from the Trustee to do so and at
the Administrator's expense, the Issuer shall take all such lawful action as
the Trustee may request to compel or secure the performance and observance by
the Seller and the Master Servicer as applicable, of each of their obligations
to the Issuer under or in connection with the Sale and Servicing Agreement in
accordance with the terms thereof, and to exercise any and all rights,
remedies, powers and privileges lawfully available to the Issuer under or in
connection with the Sale and Servicing Agreement to the extent and in the
manner directed by the Trustee, including the transmission of notices of
default on the part of the Seller or the Master Servicer thereunder and the
institution of legal or administrative actions or proceedings to compel or
secure performance by the Seller or the Master Servicer of each of their
obligations under the Sale and Servicing Agreement.
(b) If the Trustee is the Controlling Party and if an Event of
Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee may, and at the direction
(which direction shall be in writing and may include a facsimile) of the
Holders of 66-2/3% of the Outstanding Amount of the Notes shall exercise all
rights, remedies, powers, privileges and claims of the Issuer against the
Seller or the Master Servicer under or in connection with the Sale and
Servicing Agreement, including the right or power to take any action to compel
or secure performance or observance by the Seller or the Master Servicer of
each of their obligations to the Issuer thereunder and to give any consent,
request, notice, direction, approval, extension or waiver under the Sale and
Servicing Agreement, and any right of the Issuer to take such action shall be
suspended.
Section 5.18. Claims Under Note Policy.
(a) In the event that the Trustee has received a Deficiency Notice
with respect to any Distribution Date pursuant to Section 5.02(c) of the Sale
and Servicing Agreement, the
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Trustee shall furnish to the Insurer no later than 12:00 p.m., New York City
time, on the fourth Business Day prior to the related Distribution Date a
completed Notice of Claim in the amount of the shortfall in amounts so
available to pay the Note Interest Distributable Amount and the Note Principal
Distributable Amount with respect to such Distribution Date (the amount of any
such shortfall being hereinafter referred to as the "Note Policy Claim
Amount"). Amounts paid by the Insurer pursuant to a claim submitted under this
Section shall be deposited by the Trustee into the Note Distribution Account
for payment to Noteholders on the related Distribution Date.
(b) Any notice delivered by the Trustee to the Insurer pursuant to
Section 5.18(a) shall specify the Note Policy Claim Amount claimed under the
Note Policy and shall constitute a "Notice of Claim" under the Note Policy. In
accordance with the provisions of the Note Policy, the Insurer is required to
pay to the Trustee the Note Policy Claim Amount properly claimed thereunder by
12:00 p.m., New York City time, on the later of (i) the fourth Business Day
following receipt of the Notice of Claim, and (ii) the applicable Distribution
Date. Any payment made by the Insurer under the Note Policy shall be applied
solely to the payment of the Notes, and for no other purpose.
(c) The Trustee shall (i) receive as attorney-in-fact of each
Noteholder any Note Policy Claim Amount from the Insurer and (ii) deposit the
same in the Note Distribution Account for distribution to Noteholders as
provided in Sections 3.01 or 5.02. Any and all Note Policy Claim Amounts
disbursed by the Trustee from claims made under the Note Policy shall not be
considered payment by the Trust or from the Spread Account with respect to such
Notes, and shall not discharge the obligations of the Trust with respect
thereto. The Insurer shall, to the extent it makes any payment with respect to
the Notes, become subrogated to the rights of the recipients of such payments
to the extent of such payments. Subject to and conditioned upon any payment
with respect to the Notes by or on behalf of the Insurer, the Trustee shall
assign to the Insurer all rights to the payment of interest or principal with
respect to the Notes which are then due for payment to the extent of all
payments made by the Insurer and the Insurer may exercise any option, vote,
right, power or the like with respect to the Notes to the extent that it has
made payment pursuant to the Note Policy. To evidence such subrogation, the
Note Registrar shall note the Insurer's rights as subrogee upon the register of
Noteholders upon receipt from the Insurer of proof of payment by the Insurer of
any Note Interest Distributable Amount or Note Principal Distributable Amount.
The foregoing subrogation shall in all cases be subject to the rights of the
Noteholders to receive all Scheduled Payments in respect of the Notes.
(d) The Trustee shall keep a complete and accurate record of all
funds deposited by the Insurer into the Note Distribution Account and the
allocation of such funds to payment of interest on and principal paid in
respect of any Note. The Insurer shall have the right to inspect such records
at reasonable times upon one Business Day's prior notice to the Trustee.
(e) The Trustee shall be entitled to enforce on behalf of the
Noteholders the obligations of the Insurer under the Note Policy.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or any other Basic
Document, the Noteholders are not entitled to institute proceedings directly
against the Insurer.
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Section 5.19. Preference Claims.
(a) In the event that the Trustee has received a certified copy of
an order of the appropriate court that any Note Interest Distributable Amount
or Note Principal Distributable Amount paid on a Note has been avoided in whole
or in part as a preference payment under applicable bankruptcy law, the Trustee
shall so notify the Insurer, shall comply with the provisions of the Note
Policy to obtain payment by the Insurer of such avoided payment, and shall, at
the time it provides notice to the Insurer, notify Holders of the Notes by mail
that, in the event that any Noteholder's payment is so recoverable, such
Noteholder will be entitled to payment pursuant to the Note Policy. The
Trustee shall furnish to the Insurer its records evidencing the payments of
principal of and interest on Notes, if any, which have been made by the Trustee
and subsequently recovered from Noteholders, and the dates on which such
payments were made. Pursuant to the Note Policy, the Insurer will make such
payment on behalf of the Noteholder to the receiver, conservator,
debtor-in-possession or trustee in bankruptcy named in the Order (as such term
is defined in the Note Policy) and not to the Trustee or any Noteholder
directly (unless a Noteholder has previously paid such payment to the receiver,
conservator, debtor-in-possession or trustee in bankruptcy, in which case the
Insurer will make such payment to the Trustee for distribution to such
Noteholder upon proof of such payment reasonably satisfactory to the Insurer).
(b) To the extent that a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has
actual knowledge thereof, the Trustee shall promptly notify the Insurer of any
proceeding or the institution of any action seeking the avoidance as a
preferential transfer under applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership,
rehabilitation or similar law (a "Preference Claim") of any distribution made
with respect to the Notes. Each Holder, by its purchase of Notes, and the
Trustee hereby agree that so long as an Insurer Default shall not have occurred
and be continuing, the Insurer may at any time during the continuation of any
proceeding relating to a Preference Claim direct all matters relating to such
Preference Claim including, without limitation, (i) the direction of any appeal
of any order relating to any Preference Claim and (ii) the posting of any
surety, supersedeas or performance bond pending any such appeal at the expense
of the Insurer, but subject to reimbursement as provided in the Insurance
Agreement. In addition, and without limitation of the foregoing, as set forth
in Section 5.18(c), the Insurer shall be subrogated to, and each Noteholder and
the Trustee hereby delegate and assign, to the fullest extent permitted by law,
the rights of the Trustee and each Noteholder in the conduct of any proceeding
with respect to a Preference Claim, including, without limitation, all rights
of any party to an adversary proceeding action with respect to any court order
issued in connection with any such Preference Claim. In addition, for so long
as the Insurer guarantees amounts owing under the RIC and has not defaulted in
the making of any payment required to be made by it pursuant to such guaranty,
the Insurer shall have the right to initiate and control a proceeding against
the obligor under the RIC but only to the extent such proceeding relates to the
amounts so guaranteed and no settlement of any other proceeding or claim that
would adversely affect the Insurer's rights to recover such amounts shall be
affected without the prior written consent of the Insurer.
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ARTICLE SIX
THE TRUSTEE
Section 6.01. Duties of Trustee.
(a) If an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the
Trustee shall exercise the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture and
in the same degree of care and skill in their exercise as a prudent person
would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of such person's
own affairs; provided, however, that if the Trustee shall assume the duties of
the Master Servicer pursuant to Section 3.07(e), the Trustee in performing such
duties shall use the degree of care and skill customarily exercised by a
prudent institutional servicer with respect to automobile retail installment
sales contracts that it services for itself or others.
(b) Except during the continuance of an Event of Default:
(i) the Trustee undertakes to perform such duties and only
such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture and no
implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture
against the Trustee; and
(ii) in the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee
may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the
correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon certificates or
opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of
this Indenture; however, the Trustee shall examine the certificates and
opinions to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements
of this Indenture and the other Basic Documents to which the Trustee is
a party.
(c) The Trustee may not be relieved from liability for its own
negligent action, its own negligent failure to act or its own wilful misconduct,
except that:
(i) this paragraph does not limit the effect of Section
6.01(b);
(ii) the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of
judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer unless it is
proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent
facts; and
(iii) the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any
action it takes or omits to take in good faith in accordance with a
direction received by it pursuant to Section 5.12.
(d) Every provision of this Indenture that in any way relates to
the Trustee is subject to paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of this Section.
(e) The Trustee shall not be liable for interest on any money
received by it.
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(f) Money held in trust by the Trustee need not be segregated from
other funds except to the extent required by law or the terms of this Indenture
or the Sale and Servicing Agreement.
(g) No provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to
expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur financial liability in the
performance of any of its duties hereunder or in the exercise of any of its
rights or powers, if it shall have reasonable grounds to believe that
repayments of such funds or adequate indemnity against such risk or liability
is not reasonably assured to it.
(h) Every provision of this Indenture relating to the conduct or
affecting the liability of or affording protection to the Trustee shall be
subject to the provisions of this Section and to the provisions of the TIA.
(i) The Trustee shall, upon one Business Day's prior notice to the
Trustee, so long as no Insurer Default shall have occurred and be continuing,
at the expense of the Trust, and if an Insurer Default shall have occurred and
be continuing, at the expense of the Insurer, permit any representative of the
Insurer, during the Trustee's normal business hours, to examine all books of
account, records, reports and other papers of the Trustee relating to the
Notes, to make copies and extracts therefrom and to discuss the Trustee's
affairs and actions, as such affairs and actions relate to the Trustee's duties
with respect to the Notes, with the Trustee's officers and employees
responsible for carrying out the Trustee's duties with respect to the Notes.
(j) The Trustee shall, and hereby agrees that it will (i) perform
all of the obligations and duties required of it under the Sale and Servicing
Agreement and (ii) hold the Note Policy in trust, and will hold any proceeds of
any claim on the Note Policy in trust solely for the use and benefit of the
Noteholders.
(k) Except as otherwise required or permitted by the TIA, nothing
contained herein shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to engage in any
business operations or any activities other than those set forth in this
Indenture. Specifically, the Trustee shall have no authority to engage in any
business operations, acquire any assets other than those specifically included
in the Trust Estate under this Indenture or otherwise vary the assets held by
the Trust. Similarly, the Trustee shall have no discretionary duties other
than performing those ministerial acts set forth above necessary to accomplish
the purpose of this Trust as set forth in this Indenture.
Section 6.02. Rights of Trustee.
(a) Except as otherwise provided in Section 6.02(g) and the second
succeeding sentence, the Trustee may conclusively rely and shall be protected
in acting upon or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate,
statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, note,
direction, demand, election or other paper or document believed by it to be
genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper person. The Trustee
need not investigate any fact or matter stated in the document.
Notwithstanding the
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foregoing, the Trustee, upon receipt of all resolutions, certificates,
statements, opinions, reports, documents, orders or other instruments furnished
to the Trustee that shall be specifically required to be furnished pursuant to
any provision of this Indenture, shall examine them to determine whether they
comply as to form to the requirements of this Indenture.
(b) Other than with respect to actions required to be taken by the
Trustee pursuant to Section 5.18 and 5.19, before the Trustee acts or refrains
from acting, it may require an Officer's Certificate (with respect to factual
matters) or an Opinion of Counsel, as applicable. The Trustee shall not be
liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in reliance on
the Officer's Certificate or Opinion of Counsel.
(c) The Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder
or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or
attorneys or a custodian or nominee, and the Trustee shall not be responsible
for any misconduct or negligence on the part of, or for the supervision of, any
such agent, attorney, custodian or nominee appointed with due care by it
hereunder.
(d) The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or
omits to take in good faith which it believes to be authorized or within its
rights or powers; provided, however, that the Trustee's conduct does not
constitute wilful misconduct, negligence or bad faith.
(e) The Trustee may consult with counsel, and the advice or
opinion of counsel with respect to legal matters relating to this Indenture and
the Notes shall be full and complete authorization and protection from
liability in respect to any action taken, omitted or suffered by it hereunder
in good faith and in accordance with the advice or opinion of such counsel.
(f) The Trustee shall be under no obligation to institute, conduct
or defend any litigation under this Indenture or in relation to this Indenture,
at the request, order or direction of any of the Holders of Notes or the
Controlling Party, pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture, unless such
Holders or the Controlling Party shall have offered to the Trustee reasonable
security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that may be
incurred therein or thereby; provided, however, that the Trustee shall, upon
the occurrence of an Event of Default (that has not been cured), exercise the
rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture with reasonable care and
skill.
(g) The Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into
the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement,
instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond or
other paper or document, unless requested in writing to do so by the Insurer
(so long as no Insurer Default shall have occurred and be continuing) or (if an
Insurer Default shall have occurred and be continuing) by the Holders of Notes
evidencing not less than 25% of the Outstanding Amount of the Notes; provided,
however, that if the payment within a reasonable time to the Trustee of the
costs, expenses or liabilities likely to be incurred by it in the making of
such investigation is, in the opinion of the Trustee, not reasonably assured to
the Trustee by the security afforded to it by the terms of this Indenture or
the Sale and Servicing Agreement, the Trustee may require reasonable
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indemnity against such cost, expense or liability as a condition to so
proceeding. The reasonable expense of each such investigation shall be paid by
the Person making such request, or, if paid by the Trustee, shall be reimbursed
by the Person making such request upon demand.
Section 6.03. Individual Rights of Trustee. The Trustee in its
individual or any other capacity may become the owner or pledgee of Notes and
may otherwise deal with the Issuer or its Affiliates with the same rights it
would have if it were not Trustee. Any Paying Agent, Note Registrar,
co-registrar or co-paying agent may do the same with like rights. However, the
Trustee is required to comply with Sections 6.11 and 6.12.
Section 6.04. Trustee's Disclaimer. The Trustee shall not be
responsible for and makes no representation as to the validity or adequacy of
this Indenture, the Trust Estate or the Notes, it shall not be accountable for
the Issuer's use of the proceeds from the Notes, and it shall not be
responsible for any statement of the Issuer in this Indenture or in any
document issued in connection with the sale of the Notes or in the Notes other
than the Trustee's certificate of authentication.
Section 6.05. Notice of Defaults. If a Default occurs and is
continuing and if it is known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, the
Trustee shall mail to each Noteholder and the Insurer notice of the Default
within 90 days after it occurs. Except in the case of a Default in payment of
principal of or interest on any Note (including payments pursuant to the
redemption of Notes), the Trustee may withhold the notice if and so long as a
committee of its Responsible Officers in good faith determines that withholding
the notice is in the interests of Noteholders.
Section 6.06. Reports by Trustee to Holders. The Trustee shall
deliver to each Noteholder such information as may be required to enable such
holder to prepare its federal and state income tax returns.
Section 6.07. Compensation and Indemnity. The Issuer shall, or shall
cause the Administrator to, pay to the Trustee from time to time reasonable
compensation for its services. The Trustee's compensation shall not be limited
by any law on compensation of a trustee of an express trust. The Issuer shall,
or shall cause the Administrator to, reimburse the Trustee for all reasonable
out-of-pocket expenses incurred or made by it, including costs of collection,
in addition to the compensation for its services. Such expenses shall include
the reasonable compensation and expenses, disbursements and advances of the
Trustee's agents, counsel, accountants and experts. The Issuer shall, or shall
cause the Administrator to, indemnify the Trustee against any and all loss,
liability or expense (including attorneys' fees) incurred by it in connection
with the administration of this trust and the performance of its duties
hereunder. The Trustee shall notify the Issuer and the Administrator promptly
of any claim for which it may seek indemnity. Failure by the Trustee to so
notify the Issuer and the Administrator shall not relieve the Issuer or the
Administrator of its obligations hereunder. The Issuer shall, or shall cause
the Administrator to, defend any such claim, and the Trustee may have separate
counsel and the Issuer shall, or shall cause the Administrator to, pay the fees
and expenses of such counsel. Neither the Issuer nor the Administrator need
reimburse
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any expense or indemnify against any loss, liability or expense incurred by the
Trustee through the Trustee's own willful misconduct, negligence or bad faith.
The Issuer's payment obligations to the Trustee pursuant to this
Section shall survive the discharge of this Indenture. When the Trustee incurs
expenses after the occurrence of a Default specified in Section 5.01(iv) or (v)
with respect to the Issuer, the expenses are intended to constitute expenses of
administration under Title 11 of the United States Code or any other applicable
federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or similar law.
Section 6.08. Replacement of Trustee. The Trustee may resign at any
time by so notifying the Issuer, the Master Servicer and the Insurer. The
Issuer, may, with the consent of the Insurer, and, at the request of the
Insurer shall, remove the Trustee, unless an Insurer Default shall have
occurred and be continuing) if:
(i) the Trustee fails to comply with Section 6.11;
(ii) a court having jurisdiction in the premises in
respect of the Trustee in an involuntary case or proceeding under
federal or state banking or bankruptcy laws, as now or hereafter
constituted, or any other applicable federal or state bankruptcy,
insolvency or other similar law, shall have entered a decree or order
granting relief or appointing a receiver, liquidator, assignee,
custodian, trustee, conservator, sequestrator (or similar official)
for the Trustee or for any substantial part of the Trustee's property,
or ordering the winding-up or liquidation of the Trustee's affairs,
provided any such decree or order shall have continued unstayed and in
effect for a period of 30 consecutive days;
(iii) the Trustee commences a voluntary case under any
federal or state banking or bankruptcy laws, as now or hereafter
constituted, or any other applicable federal or state bankruptcy,
insolvency or other similar law, or consents to the appointment of or
taking possession by a receiver, liquidator, assignee, custodian,
trustee, conservator, sequestrator or other similar official for the
Trustee or for any substantial part of the Trustee's property, or
makes any assignment for the benefit of creditors or fails generally
to pay its debts as such debts become due or takes any corporate
action in furtherance of any of the foregoing; or
(iv) the Trustee otherwise becomes incapable of acting.
If the Trustee resigns or is removed or if a vacancy exists in the
office of Trustee for any reason (the Trustee in such event being referred to
herein as the retiring Trustee), the Issuer shall promptly appoint a successor
Trustee reasonably acceptable to the Insurer (so long as an Insurer Default
shall not have occurred and be continuing). If the Issuer fails to appoint
such a successor Trustee, the Insurer may appoint a successor Trustee.
A successor Trustee shall deliver a written acceptance of its
appointment to the retiring Trustee and to the Issuer. Thereupon the
resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective, and the
successor Trustee shall have all the rights, powers and
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duties of the Trustee under this Indenture. The Issuer or the successor
Trustee shall mail a notice of its succession to Noteholders. The retiring
Trustee shall promptly transfer all property held by it as Trustee to the
successor Trustee.
If a successor Trustee does not take office within 45 days after the
retiring Trustee resigns or is removed, the retiring Trustee, the Insurer
(provided that no Insurer Default shall have occurred and be continuing), the
Issuer or the Holders of a majority of the Outstanding Amount of the Notes may
petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor
Trustee.
If the Trustee fails to comply with Section 6.11, any Noteholder may
petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee and
the appointment of a successor Trustee.
Any resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a
successor Trustee pursuant to the provisions of this Section shall not become
effective until acceptance of appointment by the successor Trustee pursuant to
this Section and payment of all fees and expenses owed to the outgoing Trustee.
Notwithstanding the replacement of the Trustee pursuant to this Section, the
retiring Trustee shall be entitled to payment or reimbursement of such amounts
as such Person is entitled pursuant to Section 6.07.
Section 6.09. Successor Trustee by Merger. If the Trustee
consolidates with, merges or converts into, or transfers all or substantially
all its corporate trust business or assets to, another corporation or banking
association, the resulting, surviving or transferee corporation without any
further act shall be the successor Trustee; provided, that such corporation or
banking association shall be otherwise qualified and eligible under Section
6.11. The Trustee shall provide the Insurer and each Rating Agency prompt
notice of any such transaction.
In case at the time such successor by merger, conversion or
consolidation to the Trustee shall succeed to the trusts created by this
Indenture any of the Notes shall have been authenticated but not delivered, any
such successor to the Trustee may adopt the certificate of authentication of
any predecessor trustee, and deliver such Notes so authenticated; and in case
at that time any of the Notes shall not have been authenticated, any successor
to the Trustee may authenticate such Notes either in the name of any
predecessor hereunder or in the name of the successor to the Trustee; and in
all such cases such certificates shall have the full force which it is anywhere
in the Notes or in this Indenture provided that the certificate of the Trustee
shall have.
Section 6.10. Appointment of Co-Trustee or Separate Trustee.
(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture, at any
time, for the purpose of meeting any legal requirement of any jurisdiction in
which any part of the Trust Estate may at the time be located, the Trustee and
the Administrator acting jointly shall have the power and may execute and
deliver all instruments to appoint one or more Persons to act as a co-trustee
or co-trustees, jointly with the Trustee, or separate trustee or separate
trustees, of all or any part of the Trust, and to vest in such Person or
Persons, in such capacity and for
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the benefit of the Noteholders and the Insurer, such title to the Trust Estate,
or any part hereof, and, subject to the other provisions of this Section, such
powers, duties, obligations, rights and trusts as the Trustee and the
Administrator may consider necessary or desirable. If the Administrator shall
not have joined in such appointment within 15 days after the receipt by it of a
request so to do, the Trustee alone shall have the power to make such
appointment. No co-trustee or separate trustee hereunder shall be required to
meet the terms of eligibility as a successor Trustee under Section 6.11 and no
notice to Noteholders of the appointment of any co-trustee or separate trustee
shall be required under Section 6.08.
(b) Every separate trustee and co-trustee shall, to the extent
permitted by law, be appointed and act subject to the following provisions and
conditions:
(i) all rights, powers, duties and obligations conferred
or imposed upon the Trustee shall be conferred or imposed upon and
exercised or performed by the Trustee and such separate trustee or
co-trustee jointly (it being understood that such separate trustee or
co-trustee is not authorized to act separately without the Trustee
joining in such act), except to the extent that under any law of any
jurisdiction in which any particular act or acts are to be performed
the Trustee shall be incompetent or unqualified to perform such act or
acts, in which event such rights, powers, duties and obligations
(including the holding of title to the Trust or any portion thereof in
any such jurisdiction) shall be exercised and performed singly by such
separate trustee or co-trustee, but solely at the direction of the
Trustee;
(ii) no trustee hereunder shall be personally liable by
reason of any act or omission of any other trustee hereunder; and
(iii) the Trustee and the Administrator may at any time
accept the resignation of or remove any separate trustee or
co-trustee.
(c) Any notice, request or other writing given to the Trustee
shall be deemed to have been given to each of the then separate trustees and
co-trustees, as effectively as if given to each of them. Every instrument
appointing any separate trustee or co-trustee shall refer to this Agreement and
the conditions of this Article. Each separate trustee and co-trustee, upon its
acceptance of the trusts conferred, shall be vested with the estates or
property specified in its instrument of co-appointment, either jointly with the
Trustee or separately, as may be provided therein, subject to all the
provisions of this Indenture, specifically including every provision relating
to the conduct of, affecting the liability of, or affording protection to, the
Trustee. Every such instrument shall be filed with the Trustee and a copy
thereof given to the Administrator.
(d) Any separate trustee or co-trustee may at any time constitute
the Trustee, its agent or attorney-in-fact with full power and authority, to
the extent not prohibited by law, to do any lawful act under or in respect of
this Indenture on its behalf and in its name. If any separate trustee or
co-trustee shall die, become incapable of acting, resign or be removed, all of
its estates, properties, rights, remedies and trusts shall vest in and be
exercised by the Trustee, to the extent permitted by law, without the
appointment of a new or successor
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trustee. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Indenture, the
appointment of any separate trustee or co-trustee shall not relieve the Trustee
of its obligations and duties under this Indenture.
Section 6.11. Eligibility; Disqualification.
(a) The Trustee shall have a combined capital and surplus of at
least $50,000,000 as set forth in its most recent published annual report of
condition. The Trustee shall provide copies of such reports to the Insurer upon
request. The Trustee shall comply with TIA Section 310(b); provided, however,
that there shall be excluded from the operation of TIA Section 310(b)(1) any
indenture or indentures under which other securities of the Issuer are
outstanding if the requirements for such exclusion set forth in TIA Section
310(b)(1) are met.
(b) If the long term debt rating of the Trustee shall not be at
least Baa3 from ▇▇▇▇▇'▇ and BBB- from Standard & Poor's, the Rating Agencies
shall be given notice of such lower long-term debt rating.
Section 6.12. Preferential Collection of Claims Against Issuer. The
Trustee shall comply with TIA Section 311(a), excluding any creditor
relationship listed in TIA Section 311(b). A Trustee who has resigned or been
removed shall be subject to TIA Section 311(a) to the extent indicated.
Section 6.13. Representations and Warranties of Trustee. The Trustee
hereby makes the following representations and warranties on which the Issuer
and Noteholders shall rely:
(a) the Trustee is a corporation duly organized, validly
existing and in good standing under the laws of its place of
incorporation; and
(b) the Trustee has full power, authority and legal right
to execute, deliver, and perform this Indenture and shall have taken
all necessary action to authorize the execution, delivery and
performance by it of this Indenture.
Section 6.14. Pennsylvania Motor Vehicle Sales Finance Act Licenses.
The Trustee shall take such action as, in its reasonable judgment, shall be
necessary to maintain the effectiveness of all licenses required under the
Pennsylvania Motor Vehicle Sales Finance Act in connection with this Indenture
and the transactions contemplated hereby until the lien and security interest
of this Indenture shall no longer be in effect in accordance with the terms
hereof.
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ARTICLE SEVEN
NOTEHOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS
Section 7.01. Issuer to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of
Noteholders. The Issuer will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee
(i) not more than five days after the earlier of (a) each Record Date and (b)
three months after the last Record Date, a list, in such form as the Trustee
may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the Holders of Notes as
of such Record Date and (ii) at such other times as the Trustee may request in
writing, within 30 days after receipt by the Issuer of any such request, a list
of similar form and content as of a date not more than ten days prior to the
time such list is furnished; provided, however, that so long as the Trustee is
the Note Registrar, no such list shall be required to be furnished. The
Trustee or, if the Trustee is not the Note Registrar, the Issuer shall furnish
to the Insurer in writing at such times as the Insurer may reasonably request a
copy of the list.
Section 7.02. Preservation of Information; Communications to
Noteholders.
(a) The Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is
reasonably practicable, the names and addresses of the Holders of Notes
contained in the most recent list furnished to the Trustee as provided in
Section 7.01 and the names and addresses of Holders of Notes received by the
Trustee in its capacity as Note Registrar. The Trustee may destroy any list
furnished to it as provided in such Section 7.01 upon receipt of a new list so
furnished.
(b) Noteholders may communicate pursuant to TIA Section 312(b)
with other Noteholders with respect to their rights under this Indenture or
under the Notes.
(c) The Issuer, the Trustee and the Note Registrar shall have the
protection of TIA Section 312(c).
Section 7.03. Reports by Issuer.
(a) The Issuer shall:
(i) file with the Trustee, within 15 days after the
Issuer is required to file the same with the Commission, copies of the
annual reports and of the information, documents and other reports (or
copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the Commission may
from time to time by rules and regulations prescribe) which the Issuer
may be required to file with the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or
15(d) of the Exchange Act;
(ii) file with the Trustee and the Commission in
accordance with rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by
the Commission such additional information, documents and reports with
respect to compliance by the Issuer with the conditions and covenants
of this Indenture as may be required from time to time by such rules
and regulations; and
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(iii) supply to the Trustee (and the Trustee shall transmit
by mail to all Noteholders described in TIA Section 313(c)) such
summaries of any information, documents and reports required to be
filed by the Issuer pursuant to clauses (i) and (ii) of this Section
7.03(a) as may be required by rules and regulations prescribed from
time to time by the Commission.
(b) Unless the Issuer otherwise determines, the fiscal year of the
Issuer shall end on December 31 of each year.
Section 7.04. Reports by Trustee. To the extent that any of the
events described in TIA Section 313(a) shall have occurred, the Trustee shall,
within 60 days after each December 15 beginning with December 15, 1999, mail to
the Insurer and each Noteholder as required by TIA Section 313(c) a brief
report dated as of such date that complies with TIA Section 313(a). The
Trustee also shall comply with TIA Section 313(b).
A copy of each report at the time of its mailing to Noteholders shall
be filed by the Trustee with the Commission and with each stock exchange, if
any, on which the Notes are listed and of which listing the Trustee has been
informed. The Issuer shall notify the Trustee if and when the Notes are listed
on any stock exchange.
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ARTICLE EIGHT
ACCOUNTS, DISBURSEMENTS AND RELEASES
Section 8.01. Collection of Money. Except as otherwise expressly
provided herein, the Trustee may demand payment or delivery of, and shall
receive and collect, directly and without intervention or assistance of any
fiscal agent or other intermediary, all money and other property payable to or
receivable by the Trustee pursuant to this Indenture. The Trustee shall apply
all such money received by it as provided in this Indenture. Except as
otherwise expressly provided in this Indenture, if any default occurs in the
making of any payment or performance under any agreement or instrument that is
part of the Trust Estate, the Trustee may take such action as may be
appropriate to enforce such payment or performance, including the institution
and prosecution of appropriate Proceedings. Any such action shall be without
prejudice to any right to claim a Default or Event of Default under this
Indenture and any right to proceed thereafter as provided in Article Five.
Section 8.02. Trust Accounts.
(a) On or prior to the Closing Date, the Issuer shall cause the
Master Servicer to establish and maintain, in the name of the Trustee, for the
benefit of the Noteholders and the Certificateholders, the Trust Accounts as
provided in Section 5.01 of the Sale and Servicing Agreement.
(b) All Net Collections with respect to each Due Period will be
deposited in the Collection Account as provided in Section 5.02 of the Sale and
Servicing Agreement. On the Business Day immediately preceding each
Distribution Date, all amounts required to be deposited in the Note
Distribution Account with respect to the preceding Due Period pursuant to
Section 5.05 of the Sale and Servicing Agreement will be transferred from the
Collection Account and/or the Spread Account to the Note Distribution Account.
(c) On each Distribution Date, the Trustee shall distribute all
amounts on deposit in the Note Distribution Account in respect of such
Distribution Date to Noteholders in respect of the Notes to the extent of
amounts due and unpaid on the Notes for principal and interest as follows:
(i) to each Class of Noteholders, accrued and unpaid
interest on the outstanding principal amount of the related Class of
Notes at the related Interest Rate;
(ii) to the Class A-1 Noteholders in reduction of the
Outstanding Amount of the Class A-1 Notes until the Outstanding Amount
of the Class A-1 Notes is reduced to zero;
(iii) to the Class A-2 Noteholders in reduction of the
Outstanding Amount of the Class A-2 Notes until the Outstanding Amount
of the Class A-2 Notes is reduced to zero;
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(iv) to the Class A-3 Noteholders in reduction of the
Outstanding Amount of the Class A-3 Notes until the Outstanding Amount
of the Class A-3 Notes is reduced to zero; and
(v) to the Class A-4 Noteholders in reduction of the
Outstanding Amount of the Class A-4 Notes until the Outstanding Amount
of the Class A-4 Notes is reduced to zero.
(d) If on any Distribution Date there will be insufficient funds
in the Note Distribution Account to make any payment required to be made
pursuant to Section 8.02(c) or 8.02(d), the Trustee will make a claim under the
Note Policy as described in Section 5.18.
Section 8.03. General Provisions Regarding Accounts.
(a) So long as no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred
and be continuing, all or a portion of the funds in the Trust Accounts other
than the Holding Account shall be invested in Eligible Investments and
reinvested by the Trustee upon receipt of an Issuer Order, subject to the
provisions of Section 5.01(b) of the Sale and Servicing Agreement. Except as
otherwise provided in Section 5.01(b) of the Sale and Servicing Agreement, all
income or other gain from investments of monies deposited in such Trust
Accounts shall be deposited by the Trustee in the Collection Account, and any
loss resulting from such investments shall be charged to the related Trust
Account. The Issuer will not direct the Trustee to make any investment of any
funds or to sell any investment held in any of the Trust Accounts unless the
security interest Granted and perfected in such account will continue to be
perfected in such investment or the proceeds of such sale, in either case
without any further action by any Person, and, in connection with any direction
to the Trustee to make any such investment or sale, if requested by the
Trustee, the Issuer shall deliver to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel,
acceptable to the Trustee, to such effect.
(b) Subject to Section 6.01(c), the Trustee shall not in any way
be held liable by reason of any insufficiency in any of the Trust Accounts
resulting from any loss on any Eligible Investment included therein except for
losses attributable to the Trustee's failure to make payments on such Eligible
Investments issued by the Trustee, in its commercial capacity as principal
obligor and not as Trustee, in accordance with their terms.
(c) If (i) the Issuer shall have failed to give investment
directions for any funds on deposit in the Trust Accounts to the Trustee by
11:00 a.m., New York City time (or such other time as may be agreed by the
Issuer and Trustee), on any Business Day, (ii) a Default or Event of Default
shall have occurred and be continuing with respect to the Notes but the Notes
have not been declared due and payable pursuant to Section 5.02 or (iii) if
such Notes have been declared due and payable following an Event of Default but
amounts collected or receivable from the Trust Estate are being applied in
accordance with Section 5.05 as if there had not been such a declaration, then
the Trustee shall, to the fullest extent practicable, invest and reinvest funds
in the Trust Accounts in one or more Eligible Investments.
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Section 8.04. Release of Trust Estate.
(a) Subject to the payment of its fees and expenses pursuant to
Section 6.07, the Trustee may, and when required by the provisions of this
Indenture shall, execute instruments to release property from the lien of this
Indenture, or convey the Trustee's interest in the same, in a manner and under
circumstances that are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture.
No party relying upon an instrument executed by the Trustee as provided in this
Article shall be bound to ascertain the Trustee's authority, inquire into the
satisfaction of any conditions precedent or see to the application of any
monies.
(b) The Trustee shall, at such time as there are no Notes
Outstanding and all sums due the Trustee pursuant to Section 6.07 have been
paid, release any remaining portion of the Trust Estate that secured the Notes
from the lien of this Indenture and release to the Issuer or any other Person
entitled thereto any funds then on deposit in the Trust Accounts. The Trustee
shall release property from the lien of this Indenture pursuant to this Section
8.04(b) only upon receipt of an Issuer Request accompanied by an Officer's
Certificate, an Opinion of Counsel and (if required by the TIA) Independent
Certificates in accordance with TIA Section Sections 314(c) and 314(d)(1)
meeting the applicable requirements of Section 11.01.
Section 8.05. Opinion of Counsel. The Trustee shall receive at least
seven days' notice when requested by the Issuer to take any action pursuant to
Section 8.04(a), accompanied by copies of any instruments involved, and the
Trustee shall also require, as a condition to such action, an Opinion of
Counsel, in form and substance satisfactory to the Trustee, stating the legal
effect of any such action, outlining the steps required to complete the same,
and concluding that all conditions precedent to the taking of such action have
been complied with and such action will not materially and adversely impair the
security for the Notes or the rights of the Noteholders in contravention of the
provisions of this Indenture; provided, however, that such Opinion of Counsel
shall not be required to express an opinion as to the fair value of the Trust
Estate. Counsel rendering any such opinion may rely, without independent
investigation, on the accuracy and validity of any certificate or other
instrument delivered to the Trustee in connection with any such action.
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ARTICLE NINE
SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES
Section 9.01. Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Noteholders.
(a) Without the consent of the Holders of any Notes but with the
consent of the Insurer (unless an Insurer Default shall have occurred and be
continuing) and with prior notice to each Rating Agency, the Issuer and the
Trustee, when authorized by an Issuer Order, and the other parties hereto at
any time and from time to time, may enter into one or more indentures
supplemental hereto (which shall conform to the provisions of the TIA as in
force at the date of the execution thereof), in form satisfactory to the
Trustee, for any of the following purposes:
(i) to correct or amplify the description of any property
at any time subject to the lien of this Indenture, or better to
assure, convey or confirm unto the Trustee any property subject or
required to be subjected to the lien created by this Indenture, or to
subject to the lien created by this Indenture additional property;
(ii) to evidence the succession, in compliance with the
applicable provisions hereof, of another Person to the Issuer, and the
assumption by any such successor of the covenants of the Issuer herein
and in the Notes contained;
(iii) to add to the covenants of the Issuer, for the
benefit of the Holders of the Notes, or to surrender any right or
power herein conferred upon the Issuer;
(iv) to convey, transfer, assign, mortgage or pledge any
property to or with the Trustee;
(v) to cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any
provision herein or in any supplemental indenture which may be
inconsistent with any other provision herein or in any supplemental
indenture or the Basic Documents or to make any other provisions with
respect to matters or questions arising under this Indenture or in any
supplemental indenture that shall not be inconsistent with the
provisions of this Indenture; provided that such action shall not
adversely affect the interests of the Holders of the Notes;
(vi) to evidence and provide for the acceptance of the
appointment hereunder by a successor trustee with respect to the Notes
and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as
shall be necessary to facilitate the administration of the trusts
hereunder by more than one trustee, pursuant to the requirements of
Article Six; or
(vii) to modify, eliminate or add to the provisions of this
Indenture to such extent as shall be necessary to effect the
qualification of this Indenture under the TIA
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or under any similar federal statute hereafter enacted and to add to
this Indenture such other provisions as may he expressly required by
the TIA.
The Trustee is hereby authorized to join in the exemption of any such
supplemental indenture and to make any further appropriate agreements and
stipulations that may be therein contained.
(b) The Issuer and the Trustee, when authorized by an Issuer
Order, may, also without the consent of any of the Holders of the Notes but
with the consent of the Insurer (unless an Insurer Default shall have occurred
and be continuing) and with prior notice to each Rating Agency, enter into an
indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for the purpose of adding any
provisions to, or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions
of, this Indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of
the Notes under this Indenture; provided, however, that such action shall not,
as evidenced by an Opinion of Counsel, adversely affect in any material respect
the interests of any Noteholder.
Section 9.02. Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Noteholders.
The Issuer and the Trustee, when authorized by an Issuer Order, also may, with
prior notice to each Rating Agency, with the consent of the Insurer (unless an
Insurer Default shall have occurred and be continuing) and with the consent of
the Holders of not less than a majority of the Outstanding Amount of the Notes,
by Act of such Holders delivered to the Issuer and the Trustee, enter into an
indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for the purpose of adding any
provisions to, or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions
of, this Indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of
the Notes under this Indenture; provided, however, that, subject to the express
rights of the Insurer under the Basic Documents, no such supplemental indenture
shall, without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Note affected
thereby:
(i) change the date of payment of any installment of
principal of or interest on any Note, or reduce the principal amount
thereof, the interest rate thereon or the Redemption Price with
respect thereto, change the provisions of this Indenture relating to
the application of collections on, or the proceeds of the sale of, the
Trust Estate to payment of principal of or interest on the Notes, or
change any place of payment where, or the coin or currency in which,
any Note or the interest thereon is payable, or impair the right to
institute suit for the enforcement of the provisions of this Indenture
requiring the application of funds available therefor, as provided in
Article Five, to the payment of any such amount due on the Notes on or
after the respective due dates thereof (or, in the case of redemption,
on or after the Redemption Date);
(ii) reduce the percentage of the Outstanding Amount of
the Notes, the consent of the Holders of which is required for any
such supplemental indenture, or the consent of the Holders of which is
required for any waiver of compliance with certain provisions of this
Indenture or certain defaults hereunder and their consequences
provided for in this Indenture;
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(iii) modify or alter the provisions of the second proviso
to the definition of the term "Outstanding";
(iv) reduce the percentage of the Outstanding Amount of
the Notes required to direct the Trustee to sell or liquidate the
Trust Estate pursuant to Section 5.04 or amend the provisions of this
Article which specify the percentage of the Outstanding Amount of the
Notes required to amend this Indenture or the other Basic Documents;
(v) modify any provision of this Section except to
increase any percentage specified herein or to provide that certain
additional provisions of this Indenture or the other Basic Documents
cannot be modified or waived without the consent of the Holder of each
Outstanding Note affected thereby; or
(vi) permit the creation of any lien ranking prior to or
on a parity with the lien created by this Indenture with respect to
any part of the Trust Estate or, except as otherwise permitted or
contemplated herein, terminate the lien created by this Indenture on
any property at any time subject hereto or deprive the Holder of any
Note of the security provided by the lien created by this Indenture.
The Trustee may in its discretion determine whether or not any Notes
would be affected by any supplemental indenture and any such determination
shall be conclusive upon the Holders of all Notes, whether theretofore or
thereafter authenticated and delivered hereunder. The Trustee shall not be
liable for any such determination made in good faith.
It shall not be necessary for any Act of Noteholders under this
Section to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture,
but it shall be sufficient if such Act shall approve the substance thereof.
Promptly after the execution by the parties hereto of any supplemental
indenture pursuant to this Section, the Trustee shall mail to the Holders of
the Notes to which such amendment or supplemental indenture relates a notice
setting forth in general terms the substance of such supplemental indenture.
Any failure of the Trustee to mail such notice, or any defect therein, shall
not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such supplemental
indenture.
Section 9.03. Execution of Supplemental Indentures. In executing, or
permitting the additional trusts created by, any supplemental indenture
permitted by this Article or the modifications thereby of the trusts created by
this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and subject to
Sections 6.01 and 6.02 shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of
Counsel stating that the execution of such supplemental indenture is authorized
or permitted by this Indenture. The Trustee may, but shall not be obligated
to, enter into any such supplemental indenture that affects the Trustee's own
rights, duties, liabilities or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.
Section 9.04. Effect of Supplemental Indenture. Upon the execution
of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions hereof, this Indenture
shall be and be deemed to
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be modified and amended in accordance therewith with respect to the Notes
affected thereby, and the respective rights, limitations of rights,
obligations, duties, liabilities and immunities under this Indenture of the
parties hereto and the Holders of the Notes shall thereafter be determined,
exercised and enforced hereunder subject in all respects to such modifications
and amendments, and all the terms and conditions of any such supplemental
indenture shall be and be deemed to be part of the terms and conditions of this
Indenture for any and all purposes.
Section 9.05. Conformity With Trust Indenture Act. Every amendment
of this Indenture and every supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this
Article shall conform to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act as then in
effect so long as this Indenture shall then be qualified under the Trust
Indenture Act.
Section 9.06. Reference in Notes to Supplemental Indentures. Notes
authenticated and delivered after the execution of any supplemental indenture
pursuant to this Article may, and if required by the Trustee shall, bear a
notation in form approved by the Trustee as to any matter provided for in such
supplemental indenture. If the Issuer or the Trustee shall so determine, new
notes so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Trustee and the Issuer,
to any such supplemental indenture may be prepared and executed by the Issuer
and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in exchange for Outstanding
Notes.
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ARTICLE TEN
REDEMPTION OF NOTES
Section 10.01. Redemption.
(a) In the event that the Seller pursuant to Section 9.01(a) of
the Sale and Servicing Agreement purchases the corpus of the Trust, the Notes
are subject to redemption in whole, but not in part, on the Distribution Date
on which such repurchase occurs, for a purchase price equal to the Redemption
Price; provided, however, that the Issuer has available funds sufficient to pay
the Redemption Price. The Seller, the Master Servicer or the Issuer shall
furnish the Insurer and each Rating Agency notice of such redemption. If the
Notes are to be redeemed pursuant to this Section 10.01(a), the Master Servicer
or the Issuer shall furnish notice of such election to the Trustee not later
than 20 days prior to the Redemption Date and the Issuer shall deposit with the
Trustee in the Note Distribution Account the Redemption Price of the Notes to
be redeemed whereupon all such Notes shall be due and payable on the Redemption
Date upon the furnishing of a notice complying with Section 10.02 to each
Holder of the Notes.
(b) In the event that the assets of the Trust are sold pursuant to
Section 9.02 of the Trust Agreement or Section 5.02(b) of this Indenture, the
proceeds of such sale shall be distributed as provided in Section 5.06. If
amounts are to be paid to Noteholders pursuant to this Section 10.01(b), the
Master Servicer or the Issuer shall, to the extent practicable, furnish notice
of such event to the Trustee not later than 20 days prior to the Redemption
Date whereupon all such amounts shall be payable on the Redemption Date.
Section 10.02. Form of Redemption Notice.
(a) Notice of redemption under Section 10.01(a) shall be given by
the Trustee by first-class mail, postage prepaid, mailed not less than five
days prior to the applicable Redemption Date to each Holder of Notes, as of the
close of business on the Record Date preceding the applicable Redemption Date,
at such Holder's address appearing in the Note Register. In addition, the
Administrator shall notify the Rating Agencies upon the redemption of any Class
of Notes, pursuant to Section 1(a)(i) of the Administration Agreement.
All notices of redemption shall state:
(i) the Redemption Date;
(ii) the Redemption Price;
(iii) the place where such Notes are to be surrendered for
payment of the Redemption Price (which shall be the office or agency
of the Issuer to be maintained as provided in Section 3.02); and
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(iv) that on the Redemption Date, the Redemption Price
will become due and payable upon each Note and that interest thereon
shall cease to accrue from and after the Redemption Date.
Notice of redemption of the Notes shall be given by the Trustee in the
name and at the expense of the Issuer. Failure to give notice of redemption,
or any defect therein, to any Holder of any Note shall not impair or affect the
validity of the redemption of any other Note.
(b) Prior notice of redemption under Section 10.01(b) is not
required to be given to Noteholders.
Section 10.03. Notes Payable on Redemption Date. The Notes or
portions thereof to be redeemed shall, following notice of redemption (if any)
as required by Section 10.02, on the Redemption Date become due and payable at
the Redemption Price and (unless the Issuer shall default in the payment of the
Redemption Price) no interest shall accrue on the Redemption Price for any
period after the date to which accrued interest is calculated for purposes of
calculating the Redemption Price.
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ARTICLE ELEVEN
MISCELLANEOUS
Section 11.01. Compliance Certificates and Opinions, etc.
(a) Upon any application or request by the Issuer to the Trustee
to take any action under any provision of this Indenture, the Issuer shall
furnish to the Trustee (i) an Officer's Certificate stating that all conditions
precedent, if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed
action have been complied with, (ii) an Opinion of Counsel stating that in the
opinion of such counsel all such conditions precedent, if any, have been
complied with and (iii) (if required by the TIA) an Independent Certificate
from a firm of certified public accountants meeting the applicable requirements
of this Section. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of any such
application or request as to which the furnishing of such documents is
specifically required by any provision of this Indenture, no additional
certificate or opinion need be furnished.
Every certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a
condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture shall include:
(i) a statement that each signatory of such certificate
or opinion has read or has caused to be read such covenant or
condition and the definitions herein relating thereto;
(ii) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the
examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions
contained in such certificate or opinion are based;
(iii) a statement that, in the opinion of each such
signatory, such signatory has made such examination or investigation
as is necessary to enable such signatory to express an informed
opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been
complied with; and
(iv) a statement as to whether, in the opinion of each
such signatory, such condition or covenant has been complied with.
(b) (i) Prior to the deposit of any Collateral or other
property or securities with the Trustee that is to be made the basis
for the release of any property subject to the lien created by this
Indenture, the Issuer shall, in addition to any obligation imposed in
Section 11.01(a) or elsewhere in this Indenture, furnish to the
Trustee and the Insurer (so long as no Insurer Default shall have
occurred and be continuing) an Officer's Certificate certifying or
stating the opinion of the signer thereof such certificate as to the
fair value (within 90 days of such deposit) to the Issuer of the
Collateral or other property or securities to be so deposited.
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(ii) Whenever the Issuer is required to furnish to the
Trustee and the Insurer an Officer's Certificate certifying or stating
the opinion of any signer thereof as to the matters described in
clause (i) above, the Issuer shall also deliver to the Trustee and the
Insurer an Independent Certificate as to the named matters, if the
fair value to the Issuer of the property to be so deposited and of all
other such property made the basis of any such withdrawal or release
since the commencement of the then-current fiscal year of the Issuer,
as set forth in the Officer's Certificates delivered pursuant to
clause (i) above and this clause (ii), is 10% or more of the
Outstanding Amount of the Notes, but such Officer's Certificate need
not be furnished with respect to any property so deposited, if the
fair value thereof to the Issuer as set forth in the related Officer's
Certificate is less than $25,000 or less than one percent of the
Outstanding Amount of the Notes.
(iii) Other than with respect to any release described in
clause (A) or (B) of Section 11.01(b)(v), whenever any property or
securities are to be released from the lien created by this Indenture,
the Issuer shall also furnish to the Trustee and the Insurer (so long
as no Insurer Default shall have occurred and be continuing) an
Officer's Certificate certifying or stating the opinion of each person
signing such certificate as to the fair value (within 90 days of such
release) of the property or securities proposed to be released and
stating that in the opinion of such person the proposed release will
not impair the security created by this Indenture in contravention of
the provisions hereof.
(iv) Whenever the Issuer is required to furnish to the
Trustee and the Insurer an Officer's Certificate certifying or stating
the opinion of any signer thereof as to the matters described in
clause (iii) above, the Issuer shall also furnish to the Trustee and
the Insurer an Independent Certificate as to the same matters if the
fair value of the property or securities and of all other property or
securities (other than property described in clauses (A) or (B) of
Section 11.01(b)(v)) released from the lien created by this Indenture
since the commencement of the then current fiscal year, as set forth
in the Officer's Certificates required by clause (iii) above and this
clause (iv), equals 10% or more of the Outstanding Amount of the
Notes, but such Officer's Certificate need not be furnished in the
case of any release of property or securities if the fair value
thereof as set forth in the related Officer's Certificate is less than
$25,000 or less than one percent of the then Outstanding Amount of the
Notes.
(v) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section,
the Issuer may, without compliance with the other provisions of this
Section, (A) collect, liquidate, sell or otherwise dispose of the
Contracts as and to the extent permitted or required by the Basic
Documents, (B) make cash payments out of the Trust Accounts as and to
the extent permitted or required by the Basic Documents, so long as
the Issuer shall deliver to the Trustee every six months, commencing
____________ 15, 1998, an Officer's Certificate stating that all the
dispositions of Collateral described in clauses (A) or (B) that
occurred during the preceding six calendar months were in the ordinary
course of the Issuer's business and that the proceeds thereof were
applied in accordance with the Basic Documents.
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Section 11.02. Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee. In any case
where several matters are required to be certified by, or covered by an opinion
of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that all such matters be
certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such Person, or that they
be so certified or covered by only one document, but one such Person may
certify or give an opinion with respect to some matters and one or more other
such Persons as to other matters, and any such Person may certify or give an
opinion as to such matters in one or several documents.
Any certificate or opinion of an Authorized Officer of the Issuer may
be based, insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon a certificate or opinion
of, or representations by, counsel, unless such officer knows, or in the
exercise of reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or
representations with respect to the matters upon which his certificate or
opinion is based are erroneous. Any such certificate of an Authorized Officer
or Opinion of Counsel may be based, insofar as it relates to factual matters,
upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, an officer or officers
of the Master Servicer, the Seller or the Issuer, stating that the information
with respect to such factual matters is in the possession of the Master
Servicer, the Seller or the Issuer, unless such officer or counsel knows, or in
the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or
representations with respect to such matters are erroneous.
Where any Person is required to make, give or execute to or more
applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or other
instruments under this Indenture, they may, but need not, be consolidated and
form one instrument.
Whenever in this Indenture, in connection with any application or
certificate or report to the Trustee, it is provided that the Issuer shall
deliver any document as a condition of the granting of such application, or as
evidence of the Issuer's compliance with any term hereof, it is intended that
the truth and accuracy, at the time of the granting of such application or at
the effective date of such certificate or report (as the case may be), of the
facts and opinions stated in such document shall in such case be conditions
precedent to the right of the Issuer to have such application granted or to the
sufficiency of such certificate or report. The foregoing shall not, however,
be construed to affect the Trustee's right to rely upon the truth and accuracy
of any statement or opinion contained in any such document as provided in
Article Six.
Section 11.03. Acts of Noteholders.
(a) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
consent, waiver or other action provided by this Indenture to be given or taken
by Noteholders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of
substantially similar tenor signed by such Noteholders in person or by agents
duly appointed in writing; and except as herein otherwise expressly provided,
such action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments are
delivered to the Trustee, and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the
Issuer. Such instrument or instruments (and the action embodied therein and
evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes referred to as the "Act" of the
Noteholders signing such instrument or instruments. Proof of execution of any
such instrument or of a writing appointing any such agent shall be
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sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and (subject to Section 6.01)
conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Issuer, if made in the manner
provided in this Section.
(b) The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such
instrument or writing may be proved in any manner that the Trustee deems
sufficient.
(c) The ownership of Notes shall be proved by the Note Register.
(d) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
consent, waiver or other action by the Holder of any Notes shall bind the
Holder of every Note issued upon the registration thereof or in exchange
therefor or in lieu thereof, in respect of anything done, omitted or suffered
to be done by the Trustee or the Issuer in reliance thereon, whether or not
notation of such action is made upon such Note.
Section 11.04. Notices, etc., to Trustee, Issuer, Insurer and Rating
Agencies.
(a) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
consent, waiver or Act of Noteholders or other documents provided or permitted
by this Indenture shall be in writing and if such request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or Act of Noteholders is to
be made upon, given or furnished to or filed with:
(i) the Trustee by any Noteholder or by the Issuer shall
be sufficient for every purpose hereunder if in writing, personally
delivered, sent by facsimile transmission and confirmed or mailed by
overnight service, to or with the Trustee at its Corporate Trust
Office;
(ii) the Issuer by the Trustee or by any Noteholder shall
be sufficient for every purpose hereunder if in writing, personally
delivered, sent by facsimile transmission and confirmed or mailed by
overnight service, to the Issuer addressed to: WFS Financial 1998-A
Owner Trust, in care of Chase Manhattan Bank Delaware, as Owner
Trustee, ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇, Attention:
Corporate Trust Administration Department, with a copy to: The Chase
Manhattan Bank, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇
▇▇▇▇▇, Attention: Structured Finance Services (ABS), or at any other
address furnished in writing to the Trustee by the Issuer; or
(iii) the Insurer by the Issuer or the Trustee shall be
sufficient for any purpose hereunder if in writing, personally
delivered, sent by facsimile transmission and confirmed or mailed by
overnight service, to the recipient as follows:
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Financial Security Assurance Inc.
▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇
▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇, ▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇
Attention: Surveillance Department
Telex No.: (▇▇▇) ▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇
Confirmation: (▇▇▇) ▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇
Telecopy Nos.: (▇▇▇) ▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇
(▇▇▇) ▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇
(In each case in which notice or other communication to the Insurer refers to
an Event of Default, a claim on the Note Policy or with respect to which
failure on the part of the Insurer to respond shall be deemed to constitute
consent or acceptance, then a copy of such notice or other communication should
also be sent to the attention of the General Counsel and the Head--Financial
Guaranty Group "URGENT MATERIAL ENCLOSED.")
(b) Notices required to be given to the Rating Agencies by the
Issuer, the Trustee or the Owner Trustee shall be in writing, personally
delivered, sent by facsimile transmission and confirmed or mailed by overnight
service, to (i) in the case of Moody's, at the following address: ▇▇▇▇▇'▇
Investors Service, Inc., ABS Monitoring Department, ▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇,
▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ and (ii) in the case of Standard & Poor's, at the following
address: Standard & Poor's, ▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ (▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇), ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇
▇▇▇▇▇, Attention: Asset Backed Surveillance Department; or as to each of the
foregoing, at such other address as shall be designated by written notice to
the other parties.
Section 11.05. Notices to Noteholders; Waiver. Where this Indenture
provides for notice to Noteholders of any event, such notice shall be
sufficiently given (unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if in writing
and mailed, first-class, postage prepaid to each Noteholder affected by such
event, at his address as it appears on the Note Register, not later than the
latest date, and not earlier than the earliest date, prescribed for the giving
of such notice. In any case where notice to Noteholders is given by mail,
neither the failure to mail such notice nor any defect in any notice so mailed
to any particular Noteholder shall affect the sufficiency of such notice with
respect to other Noteholders, and any notice that is mailed un the manner
herein provided shall conclusively be presumed to have been duly given.
Where this Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such notice
may be waived in writing by any Person entitled to receive such notice, either
before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of such
notice. Waivers of notice by Noteholders shall be filed with the Trustee but
such filing shall not be a conclusion precedent to the validity of any action
taken in reliance upon such a waiver.
In case, by reason of the suspension of regular mail service as a
result of a strike, work stoppage or similar activity, it shall be impractical
to mail notice of any event of Noteholders when such notice is required to be
given pursuant to any provision of this Indenture, then any manner of giving
such notice as shall be satisfactory to the Trustee shall be deemed to be a
sufficient giving of such notice.
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Where this Indenture provides for notice to the Rating Agencies,
failure to give such notice shall not affect any other rights or obligations
created hereunder, and shall not under any circumstance constitute a Default or
Event of Default
Section 11.06. Alternate Payment and Notice Provisions.
Notwithstanding any provision of this Indenture or any of the Notes to the
contrary, the Issuer may enter into any agreement with any Holder of a Note
providing for a method of payment, or notice by the Trustee or any Paying Agent
to such Holder, that is different from the methods provided for in this
Indenture for such payments or notices. The Issuer will furnish to the Trustee
a copy of each such agreement and the Trustee will cause payments to be made
and notices to be given in accordance with such agreements.
Section 11.07. Conflict With Trust Indenture Act. If any provision
hereof limits, qualifies or conflicts with another provision hereof that is
required to be included in this indenture by any of the provisions of the Trust
Indenture Act, such required provision shall control.
The provisions of TIA Sections 310 through 317 that impose duties on
any Person (including the provisions automatically deemed included herein
unless expressly excluded by this Indenture) are a part of and govern this
Indenture, whether or not physically contained herein.
Section 11.08. Effect of Headings and Table of Contents. The Article
and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents are for convenience only
and shall not affect the construction hereof.
Section 11.09. Successors and Assigns. All covenants and agreements
in this Indenture and the Notes by the Issuer shall bind its successors and
assigns, whether so expressed or not. All agreements of the Trustee in this
Indenture shall bind its successors, co-trustees and agents.
Section 11.10. Separability. In case any provision in this Indenture
or in the Notes shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity,
legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be
affected or impaired thereby.
Section 11.11. Benefits of Indenture. The Insurer and its successors
and assigns shall be a third-party beneficiary to the provisions of this
Indenture, and shall be entitled to rely upon and directly to enforce such
provisions of this Indenture so long as no Insurer Default shall have occurred
and be continuing. Nothing in this Indenture or in the Notes, express or
implied, shall give to any Person, other than the parties hereto and their
successors hereunder, and the Noteholders, and any other party secured
hereunder, and any other Person with an ownership interest in any part of the
Trust Estate, any benefit or any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim
under this Indenture. The Insurer may disclaim any of its rights and powers
under this Indenture, but not its duties and obligations under the Note Policy,
upon delivery of a written notice to the Trustee.
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Section 11.12. Legal Holidays. In any case where the date on which
any payment is due shall not be a Business Day, then (notwithstanding any other
provision of the Notes or this Indenture) payment need not be made on such
date, but may be made on the next succeeding Business Day with the same force
and effect as if made on the date on which nominally due, and no interest shall
accrue for the period from and after any such nominal date.
Section 11.13. Governing Law. THIS INDENTURE SHALL BE CONSTRUED IN
ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA AND THE OBLIGATIONS,
RIGHTS, AND REMEDIES OF THE PARTIES UNDER THIS INDENTURE SHALL BE DETERMINED IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SUCH LAWS EXCEPT THAT THE DUTIES OF THE TRUSTEE SHALL BE
GOVERNED BY THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Section 11.14. Counterparts. This Indenture may be executed in
several counterparts, each of which shall be an original and all of which shall
constitute but one and the same instrument.
Section 11.15. Recording of Indenture. If this Indenture is subject
to recording in any appropriate public recording offices, such recording is to
be effected by the Issuer and at its expense accompanied by an Opinion of
Counsel (which may be counsel to the Trustee or any other counsel reasonably
acceptable to the Trustee and the Insurer) to the effect that such recording is
necessary either for the protection of the Noteholders or any other Person
secured hereunder or for the enforcement of any right or remedy granted to the
Trustee under this Indenture.
Section 11.16. Trust Obligation. No recourse may be taken, directly
or indirectly, with respect to the obligations of the Issuer, the Owner Trustee
or the Trustee on the Notes or under this Indenture or any certificate or other
writing delivered in connection herewith or therewith, against (i) the Trustee
or the Owner Trustee in its individual capacity, (ii) any owner of a
beneficiary interest in the Issuer or (iii) any partner, owner, beneficiary,
agent, officer, director, employee or agent of the Trustee or the Owner Trustee
in its individual capacity, any holder of a beneficial interest in the Issuer,
the Owner Trustee or the Trustee or of any successor or assign of the Trustee
or the Owner Trustee in its individual capacity, except as any such Person may
have expressly agreed (it being understood that the Trustee and the Owner
Trustee have no such obligations in their individual capacity) and except that
any such partner, owner or beneficiary shall be fully liable, to the extent
provided by applicable law, for any unpaid consideration for stock, unpaid
capital contribution or failure to pay any installment or call owing to such
entity. For all purposes of this Indenture, in the performance of any duties
or obligations of the Issuer hereunder, the Owner Trustee shall be subject to,
and entitled to the benefits of, the terms and provisions of Articles Six,
Seven and Eight of the Trust Agreement.
Section 11.17. No Petition. The parties hereto, by entering into
this Indenture, and each Noteholder, by accepting a Note or a beneficial
interest in a Note, hereby covenant and agree that they will not at any time
institute against the Seller or the Issuer, or join in any
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institution against the Seller or the Issuer of, any bankruptcy,
reorganization, arrangement, insolvency or liquidation proceedings, or other
proceedings under any United States Federal or state bankruptcy or similar law
in connection with any obligations relating to the Notes, this Indenture or any
of the other Basic Documents.
Section 11.18. Inspection. The Issuer agrees that, on reasonable
prior notice, it will permit any representative of the Trustee or of the
Insurer, during the Issuer's normal business hours, to examine all the books of
account, records, reports and other papers of the Issuer, to make copies and
extracts therefrom, to cause such books to be audited by independent certified
public accountants, and to discuss the Issuer's affairs, finances and accounts
with the Issuer's officers, employees and independent certified public
accountants, all at such reasonable times and as often as may be reasonably
requested, the Trustee shall and shall cause its representatives to hold in
confidence all such information except to the extent disclosure may be required
by law (and all reasonable applications for confidential treatment are
unavailing) and except to the extent that the Trustee may reasonably determine
that such disclosure is consistent with its obligations hereunder.
Section 11.19. Limitation of Liability of Owner Trustee.
Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, this instrument has
been countersigned by Chase Manhattan Bank Delaware not in its individual
capacity but solely in its capacity as Owner Trustee of the Issuer and in no
event shall Chase Manhattan Bank Delaware in its individual capacity or any
beneficial owner of the Issuer have any liability for the representations,
warranties, covenants, agreements or other obligations of the Issuer hereunder,
as to all of which recourse shall be had solely to the assets of the Issuer.
For all purposes of this Agreement, in the performance of any duties or
obligations of the Issuer hereunder, the Owner Trustee shall be subject to, and
entitled to the benefits of, the terms and provisions of Articles Six, Seven
and Eight of the Trust Agreement.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to
be duly executed and delivered as of the day and year first above written.
WFS FINANCIAL 1998-A OWNER TRUST
By: CHASE MANHATTAN BANK DELAWARE,
not in its individual capacity but
solely on behalf of the Issuer as
Owner Trustee under the Trust
Agreement
By: ___________________________________
Name:
Title:
BANKERS TRUST COMPANY, not in its
individual capacity but solely as Trustee
By: ___________________________________
Name:
Title:
▇▇
▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ )
) ss
COUNTY OF ORANGE )
On _____________________ before me, __________________________________,
[insert date] [Here insert name and title of notary]
personally appeared ___________________________________________________________
[ ] personally known to me, or
[ ] proved to me on the basis of satisfactory evidence to be the person(s)
whose name(s) is/are subscribed to the within instrument,
and acknowledged to me that he/she/they executed the same in his/her/their
authorized capacity(ties), and that by his/her/their signature(s) on the
instrument the person(s), or the entity upon behalf of which such person(s)
acted, executed the instrument.
WITNESS my hand and official seal.
Signature ____________________________________________ [Seal]
81
STATE OF CALIFORNIA )
) ss
COUNTY OF ORANGE )
On _____________________ before me, __________________________________,
[insert date] [Here insert name and title of notary]
personally appeared ___________________________________________________________
[ ] personally known to me, or
[ ] proved to me on the basis of satisfactory evidence to be the person(s)
whose name(s) is/are subscribed to the within instrument,
and acknowledged to me that he/she/they executed the same in his/her/their
authorized capacity(ties), and that by his/her/their signature(s) on the
instrument the person(s), or the entity upon behalf of which such person(s)
acted, executed the instrument.
WITNESS my hand and official seal.
Signature ____________________________________________ [Seal]
82
SCHEDULE A
SCHEDULE OF CONTRACTS
Omitted -- Schedules of Contracts on file at the offices of the Seller, the
Master Servicer and the Owner Trustee.
SA-1
83
EXHIBIT A
FORM OF SALE AND SERVICING AGREEMENT
A-1
84
EXHIBIT B
FORM OF NOTE DEPOSITORY AGREEMENT
B-1
85
EXHIBIT C
FORM OF CLASS A-1 NOTE
UNLESS THIS NOTE IS PRESENTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE
DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY, A NEW YORK CORPORATION ("DTC"), TO THE ISSUER OR ITS
AGENT FOR REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER, EXCHANGE OR PAYMENT, AND ANY NOTE ISSUED IS
REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF CEDE & CO. OR IN SUCH OTHER NAME AS IS REQUESTED BY
AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC (AND ANY PAYMENT IS MADE TO CEDE & CO. OR
TO SUCH OTHER ENTITY AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC),
ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY
PERSON IS WRONGFUL INASMUCH AS THE REGISTERED OWNER HEREOF, CEDE & CO., HAS AN
INTEREST HEREIN.
THIS SECURITY IS NOT A SAVINGS ACCOUNT OR DEPOSIT AND IT IS NOT
INSURED BY THE UNITED STATES OR ANY AGENCY OR FUND OF THE UNITED STATES.
THE PRINCIPAL OF THIS NOTE IS PAYABLE IN FULL ON THE DATE SET FORTH
HEREIN. ACCORDINGLY, THE OUTSTANDING PRINCIPAL AMOUNT OF THIS NOTE AT ANY TIME
MAY BE LESS THAN THE AMOUNT SHOWN ON THE FACE HEREOF.
WFS FINANCIAL 1998-A OWNER TRUST
_____% AUTO RECEIVABLE BACKED NOTE, CLASS A-1
REGISTERED $____________
No. R-A1 CUSIP NO. _________
WFS Financial 1998-A Owner Trust, a business trust organized and
existing under the laws of the State of Delaware (the "Issuer"), for value
received, hereby promises to pay to Cede & Co., or registered assigns, the
principal sum of ______________________________ Dollars ($___________), payable
to the extent described in the Indenture referred to on the reverse hereof on
each Distribution Date; provided, however, that the entire unpaid principal
amount of this Note shall be payable on the earlier of _________ __, 199__ (the
"Class A-1 Final Distribution Date") and the Redemption Date, if any, selected
pursuant to the Indenture.
The Issuer will pay interest on this Note at the rate per annum shown
above on each Distribution Date until the principal of this Note is paid or
made available for payment, on the principal amount of this Note outstanding on
the preceding Distribution Date (after giving effect to all payments of
principal made on the preceding Distribution Date), or on the Closing Date in
the case of the first Distribution Date or if no interest has yet been paid,
C-1
86
subject to certain limitations contained in the Indenture. Interest on this
Note will accrue for each Distribution Date from and including the most recent
Distribution Date on which interest has been paid to but excluding such
Distribution Date or, in the case of the first Distribution Date or if no
interest has yet been paid, from March 1, 1998. The Issuer shall pay interest
on overdue installments of interest at the Class A-1 Interest Rate to the
extent lawful. Interest will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year and
the actual number of days elapsed since the immediately preceding Distribution
Date. Such principal of and interest on this Note shall be paid in the manner
specified on the reverse hereof.
The principal of and interest on this Note are payable in such coin or
currency of the United States of America as at the time of payment is legal
tender for payment of public and private debts. All payments made by the
Issuer with respect to this Note shall be applied first to interest due and
payable on this Note as provided above and then to the unpaid principal of this
Note.
The Notes are entitled to the benefits of a financial guaranty
insurance policy (the "Note Policy") issued by Financial Security Assurance
Inc. (the "Insurer"), pursuant to which the Insurer has unconditionally
guaranteed payment of the Note Interest Distributable Amount and the Note
Principal Distributable Amount on each Distribution Date, all as more fully set
forth in the Indenture.
Reference is made to the further provisions of this Note set forth on
the reverse hereof, which shall have the same effect as though fully set forth
on the face of this Note.
Unless the certificate of authentication hereon has been executed by
the Trustee whose name appears below by manual signature, this Note shall not
be entitled to any benefit under the Indenture referred to on the reverse
hereof, or be valid or obligatory for any purpose.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Issuer has caused this instrument to be
signed, manually or in facsimile, by an Authorized Officer, as set forth below.
Date: March __, 1998 WFS FINANCIAL 1998-A OWNER TRUST
By: CHASE MANHATTAN BANK DELAWARE,
not in its individual capacity but
solely on behalf of the Issuer as
Owner Trustee, under the Trust
Agreement
By: ____________________________________
Name:
Title:
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87
TRUSTEE'S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION
This is one of the Notes designated above and referred to in the
within-mentioned Indenture.
BANKERS TRUST COMPANY,
not in its individual capacity but
solely as Trustee
By: ____________________________________
Authorized Signatory
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88
[REVERSE OF CLASS A-1 NOTE]
This Note is one of a duly authorized issue of Notes of the Issuer,
designated as its "_____% Auto Receivable Backed Notes, Class A-1" (the "Class
A-1 Notes"), all issued under an Indenture, dated as of March 1, 1998 (the
"Indenture"), between the Issuer and Bankers Trust Company, as trustee (the
"Trustee"), to which Indenture and all indentures supplemental thereto
reference is hereby made for a statement of the respective rights and
obligations thereunder of the Issuer, the Insurer, the Trustee and the Holders
of the Notes. The Notes are subject to all terms of the Indenture. All terms
used in this Note that are defined in the Indenture, as supplemented or
amended, shall have the meanings assigned to them in or pursuant to the
Indenture, as so supplemented or amended.
The Class A-1 Notes, the Class A-2 Notes, the Class A-3 Notes and the
Class A-4 Notes (collectively, the "Notes") are and will be equally and ratably
secured by the collateral pledged as security therefor as provided in the
Indenture.
Principal payable on the Class A-1 Notes will be paid on each
Distribution Date in the amount specified in the Indenture. As described
above, the entire unpaid principal amount of this Note will be payable on the
earlier of the Class A-1 Final Distribution Date and the Redemption Date, if
any, selected pursuant to the Indenture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, under
certain circumstances, the entire unpaid principal amount of the Class A-1
Notes shall be due and payable following the occurrence and continuance of an
Event of Default, as described in the Indenture. All principal payments on the
Class A-1 Notes shall be made pro rata to the Class A-1 Noteholders entitled
thereto.
Payments of principal and interest on this Note due and payable on
each Distribution Date or Redemption Date shall be made by check mailed to the
Person whose name appears as the registered Holder of this Note (or one or more
Predecessor Notes) on the Note Register as of the close of business on the
related Record Date, except that with respect to Notes registered on the Record
Date in the name of the nominee of the Depository (initially, such nominee to
be Cede & Co.), payments will be made by wire transfer in immediately available
funds to the account designated by such nominee. Such checks shall be mailed
to the Person entitled thereto at the address of such Person as it appears on
the Note Register as of the applicable Record Date without requiring that this
Note be submitted for notation of payment. Any reduction in the principal
amount of this Note (or any one or more Predecessor Notes) affected by any
payments made on any Distribution Date or Redemption Date shall be binding upon
all future Holders of this Note and of any Note issued upon the registration of
transfer hereof or in exchange hereof or in lieu hereof, whether or not noted
hereon. If funds are expected to be available, as provided in the Indenture,
for payment in full of the remaining unpaid principal amount of this Note on a
Distribution Date or Redemption Date, then the Trustee, in the name of and on
behalf of the Issuer, will notify the Person who was the registered Holder
hereof as of the Record Date preceding such Distribution Date or Redemption
Date by notice mailed within five days of such Distribution Date or Redemption
Date and the amount then due and payable shall be payable only upon
presentation and surrender of this Note at the Corporate Trust Office of the
Trustee or at the office of the Trustee's agent appointed for such purposes
located in The City of New York.
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89
As provided in the Indenture, the Notes may be redeemed pursuant to
the Indenture, in whole, but not in part, at the option of the Seller, on any
Distribution Date as of which (i) the Aggregate Scheduled Balance is less than
or equal to 10% of the Cut-Off Date Aggregate Scheduled Balance and (ii) the
aggregate outstanding principal amount of the Securities is less than 5% of the
aggregate outstanding principal amount of the Securities as of the Closing
Date.
As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations set
forth therein, the transfer of this Note may be registered on the Note Register
upon surrender of this Note for registration of transfer at the office or
agency designated by the Issuer pursuant to the Indenture. No service charge
will be charged for any registration of transfer or exchange of this Note, but
the transferor may be required to pay a sum sufficient to cover any tax or
other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any such
registration of transfer or exchange.
Each Noteholder or Note Owner, by acceptance of a Note or, in the case
of a Note Owner, a beneficial interest in a Note, covenants and agrees that no
recourse may be taken, directly or indirectly, with respect to the obligations
of the Issuer, the Owner Trustee or the Trustee on the Notes or under the
Indenture or any certificate or other writing delivered in connection
therewith, against (i) the Trustee or the Owner Trustee in its individual
capacity, (ii) any owner of a beneficial interest in the Issuer or (iii) any
partner, owner, beneficiary, agent, officer, director or employee of the
Trustee or the Owner Trustee in its individual capacity, any holder of a
beneficial interest in the Issuer, the Owner Trustee or the Trustee or of any
successor or assign of the Trustee or the Owner Trustee in its individual
capacity, except as any such Person may have expressly agreed and except that
any such partner, owner or beneficiary shall be fully liable, to the extent
provided by applicable law, for any unpaid consideration for stock, unpaid
capital contribution or failure to pay any installment or call owing to such
entity.
Each Noteholder or Note Owner, by acceptance of a Note or, in the case
of a Note Owner, a beneficial interest in a Note, covenants and agrees that by
accepting the benefits of the Indenture and such Note that such Noteholder or
Note Owner will not at any time institute against the Seller or the Issuer, or
join in any institution against the Seller or the Issuer of, any bankruptcy,
reorganization, arrangement, insolvency or liquidation proceedings under any
United States Federal or state bankruptcy or similar law in connection with any
obligations relating to the Notes, the Indenture or the other Basic Documents.
The Issuer has entered into the Indenture, and this Note is issued
with the intention that, for federal, state and local income, single business
and franchise tax purposes, the Notes will qualify as indebtedness of the
Issuer secured by the Trust Estate. Each Noteholder, by acceptance of a Note
(and each Note Owner by acceptance of a beneficial interest in a Note), agrees
to treat the Notes for federal, state and local income, single business and
franchise tax purposes as indebtedness of the Issuer.
Prior to the due presentment for registration of transfer of this
Note, the Issuer, the Trustee and the Insurer and any agent of the Issuer, the
Trustee or the Insurer may treat the
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90
Person in whose name this Note (as of the day of determination or as of such
other date as may be specified in the Indenture) is registered as the owner
hereof for all purposes, whether or not this Note be overdue, and neither the
Issuer, the Trustee nor any such agent shall be affected by notice to the
contrary.
The Indenture permits, with certain exceptions as therein provided,
the amendment thereof and the modification of the rights and obligations of the
Issuer and the rights of the Holders of the Notes under the Indenture at any
time by the Issuer with the consent of the Insurer and of the Holders of Notes
representing a majority of the Outstanding Amount of the Notes. The Indenture
also contains provisions permitting the Holders of Notes representing specified
percentages of the Outstanding Amount of the Notes, on behalf of the Holders of
all the Notes, to waive compliance by the Issuer with certain provisions of the
Indenture and certain past defaults under the Indenture and their consequences.
Any such consent or waiver by the Holder of this Note (or any one of more
Predecessor Notes) shall be conclusive and binding upon such Holder and upon
all future Holders of this Note and of any Note issued upon the registration of
transfer hereof or in exchange hereof or in lieu hereof whether or not notation
of such consent or waiver is made upon this Note. The Indenture also permits
the Trustee to amend or waive certain terms and conditions set forth in the
Indenture without the consent of Holders of the Notes issued thereunder.
The Notes are issuable only in registered form in denominations as
provided in the Indenture, subject to certain limitations therein set forth.
This Note and the Indenture shall be construed in accordance with the
laws of the State of California, and the obligations, rights and remedies of
the parties hereunder and thereunder shall be determined in accordance with
such laws, except that the duties of the Trustee under the Indenture shall be
governed by New York law.
No reference herein to the Indenture and no provision of this Note or
of the Indenture shall alter or impair the obligation of the Issuer, which is
absolute and unconditional, to pay the principal of and interest on this Note
at the times, place and rate, and in the coin or currency herein prescribed.
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91
EXHIBIT D
FORM OF CLASS A-2 NOTE
THIS NOTE IS SUBORDINATED IN RIGHT OF PAYMENT TO THE CLASS A-1 NOTES
TO THE EXTENT DESCRIBED IN THE INDENTURE REFERRED TO HEREIN.
UNLESS THIS NOTE IS PRESENTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE
DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY, A NEW YORK CORPORATION ("DTC"), TO THE ISSUER OR ITS
AGENT FOR REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER, EXCHANGE OR PAYMENT, AND ANY NOTE ISSUED IS
REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF CEDE & CO. OR IN SUCH OTHER NAME AS IS REQUESTED BY
AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC (AND ANY PAYMENT IS MADE TO CEDE & CO. OR
TO SUCH OTHER ENTITY AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC),
ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY
PERSON IS WRONGFUL INASMUCH AS THE REGISTERED OWNER HEREOF, CEDE & CO., HAS AN
INTEREST HEREIN.
THIS SECURITY IS NOT A SAVINGS ACCOUNT OR DEPOSIT AND IT IS NOT
INSURED BY THE UNITED STATES OR ANY AGENCY OR FUND OF THE UNITED STATES.
THE PRINCIPAL OF THIS NOTE IS PAYABLE IN FULL ON THE DATE SET FORTH
HEREIN. ACCORDINGLY, THE OUTSTANDING PRINCIPAL AMOUNT OF THIS NOTE AT ANY TIME
MAY BE LESS THAN THE AMOUNT SHOWN ON THE FACE HEREOF.
WFS FINANCIAL 1998-A OWNER TRUST
_____% AUTO RECEIVABLE BACKED NOTE, CLASS A-2
REGISTERED $___________
No. R-A2
CUSIP NO. ________
WFS Financial 1998-A Owner Trust, a business trust organized and
existing under the laws of the State of Delaware (the "Issuer"), for value
received, hereby promises to pay to Cede & Co., or registered assigns, the
principal sum of _______________________________ Dollars ($____________),
payable to the extent described in the Indenture referred to on the reverse
hereof on each Distribution Date; provided, however, that the entire unpaid
principal amount of this Note shall be payable on the earlier of ___________
__, 200__ (the "Class A-2 Final Distribution Date") and the Redemption Date, if
any, selected pursuant to the Indenture. No payments of principal of the Class
A-2 Notes shall be made until the principal amount of the Class A-1 Notes has
been reduced to zero.
D-1
92
The Issuer will pay interest on this Note at the rate per annum shown
above on each Distribution Date until the principal of this Note is paid or
made available for payment, on the principal amount of this Note outstanding on
the preceding Distribution Date (after giving effect to all payments of
principal made on the preceding Distribution Date), or on the Closing Date in
the case of the first Distribution Date or if no interest has yet been paid,
subject to certain limitations contained in the Indenture. Interest on this
Note will accrue for each Distribution Date from and including the most recent
Distribution Date on which interest has been paid to but excluding such
Distribution Date or, in the case of the first Distribution Date or if no
interest has yet been paid, from March 1, 1998. The Issuer shall pay interest
on overdue installments of interest at the Class A-2 Interest Rate to the
extent lawful. Interest will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year
consisting of twelve 30-day months. Such principal of and interest on this
Note shall be paid in the manner specified on the reverse hereof.
The principal of and interest on this Note are payable in such coin or
currency of the United States of America as at the time of payment is legal
tender for payment of public and private debts. All payments made by the
Issuer with respect to this Note shall be applied first to interest due and
payable on this Note as provided above and then to the unpaid principal of this
Note.
The Notes are entitled to the benefits of a financial guaranty
insurance policy (the "Note Policy") issued by Financial Security Assurance
Inc. (the "Insurer"), pursuant to which the Insurer has unconditionally
guaranteed payment of the Note Interest Distributable Amount and the Note
Principal Distributable Amount on each Distribution Date, all as more fully set
forth in the Indenture.
Reference is made to the further provisions of this Note set forth on
the reverse hereof, which shall have the same effect as though fully set forth
on the face of this Note.
Unless the certificate of authentication hereon has been executed by
the Trustee whose name appears below by manual signature, this Note shall not
be entitled to any benefit under the Indenture referred to on the reverse
hereof, or be valid or obligatory for any purpose.
D-2
93
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Issuer has caused this instrument to be
signed, manually or in facsimile, by an Authorized Officer, as set forth below.
Date: March __, 1998 WFS FINANCIAL 1998-A OWNER TRUST
By: CHASE MANHATTAN BANK DELAWARE,
not in its individual capacity but
solely on behalf of the Issuer as
Owner Trustee, under the Trust
Agreement
By: ____________________________________
Name:
Title:
TRUSTEE'S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION
This is one of the Notes designated above and referred to in the
within-mentioned Indenture.
BANKERS TRUST COMPANY,
not in its individual capacity but
solely as Trustee,
By: ____________________________________
Authorized Signatory
D-3
94
[REVERSE OF CLASS A-2 NOTE]
This Note is one of a duly authorized issue of Notes of the Issuer,
designated as its "_____% Auto Receivable Backed Notes, Class A-2" (the "Class
A-2 Notes"), all issued under an Indenture, dated as of March 1, 1998 (the
"Indenture"), between the Issuer and Bankers Trust Company, as trustee (the
"Trustee"), to which Indenture and all indentures supplemental thereto
reference is hereby made for a statement of the respective rights and
obligations thereunder of the Issuer, the Insurer, the Trustee and the Holders
of the Notes. The Notes are subject to all terms of the Indenture. All terms
used in this Note that are defined in the Indenture, as supplemented or
amended, shall have the meanings assigned to them in or pursuant to the
Indenture, as so supplemented or amended.
The Class A-1 Notes, the Class A-2 Notes, the Class A-3 Notes and the
Class A-4 Notes (collectively, the "Notes") are and will be equally and ratably
secured by the collateral pledged as security therefor as provided in the
Indenture.
Principal payable on the Class A-2 Notes will be paid on each
Distribution Date in the amount specified in the Indenture. As described
above, the entire unpaid principal amount of this Note will be payable on the
earlier of the Class A-2 Final Distribution Date and the Redemption Date, if
any, selected pursuant to the Indenture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, under
certain circumstances, the entire unpaid principal amount of the Class A-2
Notes shall be due and payable following the occurrence and continuance of an
Event of Default, as described in the Indenture. All principal payments on the
Class A-2 Notes shall be made pro rata to the Class A-2 Noteholders entitled
thereto.
Payments of principal and interest on this Note due and payable on
each Distribution Date or Redemption Date shall be made by check mailed to the
Person whose name appears as the registered Holder of this Note (or one or more
Predecessor Notes) on the Note Register as of the close of business on the
related Record Date, except that with respect to Notes registered on the Record
Date in the name of the nominee of the Depository (initially, such nominee to
be Cede & Co.), payments will be made by wire transfer in immediately available
funds to the account designated by such nominee. Such checks shall be mailed
to the Person entitled thereto at the address of such Person as it appears on
the Note Register as of the applicable Record Date without requiring that this
Note be submitted for notation of payment. Any reduction in the principal
amount of this Note (or any one or more Predecessor Notes) affected by any
payments made on any Distribution Date or Redemption Date shall be binding upon
all future Holders of this Note and of any Note issued upon the registration of
transfer hereof or in exchange hereof or in lieu hereof, whether or not noted
hereon. If funds are expected to be available, as provided in the Indenture,
for payment in full of the remaining unpaid principal amount of this Note on a
Distribution Date or Redemption Date, then the Trustee, in the name of and on
behalf of the Issuer, will notify the Person who was the registered Holder
hereof as of the Record Date preceding such Distribution Date or Redemption
Date by notice mailed within five days of such Distribution Date or Redemption
Date and the amount then due and payable shall be payable only upon
presentation and surrender of this Note at the Corporate Trust Office of the
Trustee or at the office of the Trustee's agent appointed for such purposes
located in The City of New York.
D-4
95
As provided in the Indenture, the Notes may be redeemed pursuant to
the Indenture, in whole, but not in part, at the option of the Seller, on any
Distribution Date as of which (i) the Aggregate Scheduled Balance is less than
or equal to 10% of the Cut-Off Date Aggregate Scheduled Balance and (ii) the
aggregate outstanding principal amount of the Securities is less than 5% of the
aggregate outstanding principal amount of the Securities as of the Closing
Date.
As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations set
forth therein, the transfer of this Note may be registered on the Note Register
upon surrender of this Note for registration of transfer at the office or
agency designated by the Issuer pursuant to the Indenture. No service charge
will be charged for any registration of transfer or exchange of this Note, but
the transferor may be required to pay a sum sufficient to cover any tax or
other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any such
registration of transfer or exchange.
Each Noteholder or Note Owner, by acceptance of a Note or, in the case
of a Note Owner, a beneficial interest in a Note, covenants and agrees that no
recourse may be taken, directly or indirectly, with respect to the obligations
of the Issuer, the Owner Trustee or the Trustee on the Notes or under the
Indenture or any certificate or other writing delivered in connection
therewith, against (i) the Trustee or the Owner Trustee in its individual
capacity, (ii) any owner of a beneficial interest in the Issuer or (iii) any
partner, owner, beneficiary, agent, officer, director or employee of the
Trustee or the Owner Trustee in its individual capacity, any holder of a
beneficial interest in the Issuer, the Owner Trustee or the Trustee or of any
successor or assign of the Trustee or the Owner Trustee in its individual
capacity, except as any such Person may have expressly agreed and except that
any such partner, owner or beneficiary shall be fully liable, to the extent
provided by applicable law, for any unpaid consideration for stock, unpaid
capital contribution or failure to pay any installment or call owing to such
entity.
Each Noteholder or Note Owner, by acceptance of a Note or, in the case
of a Note Owner, a beneficial interest in a Note, covenants and agrees that by
accepting the benefits of the Indenture and such Note that such Noteholder or
Note Owner will not at any time institute against the Seller or the Issuer, or
join in any institution against the Seller or the Issuer of, any bankruptcy,
reorganization, arrangement, insolvency or liquidation proceedings under any
United States Federal or state bankruptcy or similar law in connection with any
obligations relating to the Notes, the Indenture or the other Basic Documents.
The Issuer has entered into the Indenture, and this Note is issued
with the intention that, for federal, state and local income, single business
and franchise tax purposes, the Notes will qualify as indebtedness of the
Issuer secured by the Trust Estate. Each Noteholder, by acceptance of a Note
(and each Note Owner by acceptance of a beneficial interest in a Note), agrees
to treat the Notes for federal, state and local income, single business and
franchise tax purposes as indebtedness of the Issuer.
Prior to the due presentment for registration of transfer of this
Note, the Issuer, the Trustee and the Insurer and any agent of the Issuer, the
Trustee or the Insurer may treat the
D-5
96
Person in whose name this Note (as of the day of determination or as of such
other date as may be specified in the Indenture) is registered as the owner
hereof for all purposes, whether or not this Note be overdue, and neither the
Issuer, the Trustee nor any such agent shall be affected by notice to the
contrary.
The Indenture permits, with certain exceptions as therein provided,
the amendment thereof and the modification of the rights and obligations of the
Issuer and the rights of the Holders of the Notes under the Indenture at any
time by the Issuer with the consent of the Insurer and of the Holders of Notes
representing a majority of the Outstanding Amount of the Notes. The Indenture
also contains provisions permitting the Holders of Notes representing specified
percentages of the Outstanding Amount of the Notes, on behalf of the Holders of
all the Notes, to waive compliance by the Issuer with certain provisions of the
Indenture and certain past defaults under the Indenture and their consequences.
Any such consent or waiver by the Holder of this Note (or any one of more
Predecessor Notes) shall be conclusive and binding upon such Holder and upon
all future Holders of this Note and of any Note issued upon the registration of
transfer hereof or in exchange hereof or in lieu hereof whether or not notation
of such consent or waiver is made upon this Note. The Indenture also permits
the Trustee to amend or waive certain terms and conditions set forth in the
Indenture without the consent of Holders of the Notes issued thereunder.
The Notes are issuable only in registered form in denominations as
provided in the Indenture, subject to certain limitations therein set forth.
This Note and the Indenture shall be construed in accordance with the
laws of the State of California, and the obligations, rights and remedies of
the parties hereunder and thereunder shall be determined in accordance with
such laws, except that the duties of the Trustee under the Indenture shall be
governed by New York law.
No reference herein to the Indenture and no provision of this Note or
of the Indenture shall alter or impair the obligation of the Issuer, which is
absolute and unconditional, to pay the principal of and interest on this Note
at the times, place and rate, and in the coin or currency herein prescribed.
D-6
97
EXHIBIT E
FORM OF CLASS A-3 NOTE
THIS NOTE IS SUBORDINATED IN RIGHT OF PAYMENT TO THE CLASS A-1 NOTES
AND THE CLASS A-2 NOTES AS DESCRIBED IN THE INDENTURE REFERRED TO HEREIN.
UNLESS THIS NOTE IS PRESENTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE
DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY, A NEW YORK CORPORATION ("DTC"), TO THE ISSUER OR ITS
AGENT FOR REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER, EXCHANGE OR PAYMENT, AND ANY NOTE ISSUED IS
REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF CEDE & CO. OR IN SUCH OTHER NAME AS IS REQUESTED BY
AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC (AND ANY PAYMENT IS MADE TO CEDE & CO. OR
TO SUCH OTHER ENTITY AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC),
ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY
PERSON IS WRONGFUL INASMUCH AS THE REGISTERED OWNER HEREOF, CEDE & CO., HAS AN
INTEREST HEREIN.
THIS SECURITY IS NOT A SAVINGS ACCOUNT OR DEPOSIT AND IT IS NOT
INSURED BY THE UNITED STATES OR ANY AGENCY OR FUND OF THE UNITED STATES.
THE PRINCIPAL OF THIS NOTE IS PAYABLE IN FULL ON THE DATE SET FORTH
HEREIN. ACCORDINGLY, THE OUTSTANDING PRINCIPAL AMOUNT OF THIS NOTE AT ANY TIME
MAY BE LESS THAN THE AMOUNT SHOWN ON THE FACE HEREOF.
WFS FINANCIAL 1998-A OWNER TRUST
_____% AUTO RECEIVABLE BACKED NOTE, CLASS A-3
REGISTERED $__________
No. R-A3 CUSIP NO. __________
WFS Financial 1998-A Owner Trust, a business trust organized and
existing under the laws of the State of Delaware (the "Issuer"), for value
received, hereby promises to pay to Cede & Co., or registered assigns, the
principal sum of _______________________________ Dollars ($___________),
payable to the extent described in the Indenture referred to on the reverse
hereof on each Distribution Date; provided, however, that the entire unpaid
principal amount of this Note shall be payable on the earlier of ________ __,
200__ (the "Class A-3 Final Distribution Date") and the Redemption Date, if
any, selected pursuant to the Indenture. No payments of principal of the Class
A-3 Notes shall be made until the principal amount of the Class A-1 Notes and
the Class A-2 Notes has been reduced to zero.
E-1
98
The Issuer will pay interest on this Note at the rate per annum shown
above on each Distribution Date until the principal of this Note is paid or
made available for payment, on the principal amount of this Note outstanding on
the preceding Distribution Date (after giving effect to all payments of
principal made on the preceding Distribution Date), or on the Closing Date in
the case of the first Distribution Date or if no interest has yet been paid,
subject to certain limitations contained in the Indenture. Interest on this
Note will accrue for each Distribution Date from and including the most recent
Distribution Date on which interest has been paid to but excluding such
Distribution Date or, in the case of the first Distribution Date or if no
interest has yet been paid, from March 1, 1998. The Issuer shall pay interest
on overdue installments of interest at the Class A-3 Interest Rate to the
extent lawful. Interest will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year
consisting of twelve 30-day months. Such principal of and interest on this
Note shall be paid in the manner specified on the reverse hereof.
The principal of and interest on this Note are payable in such coin or
currency of the United States of America as at the time of payment is legal
tender for payment of public and private debts. All payments made by the
Issuer with respect to this Note shall be applied first to interest due and
payable on this Note as provided above and then to the unpaid principal of this
Note.
The Notes are entitled to the benefits of a financial guaranty
insurance policy (the "Note Policy") issued by Financial Security Assurance
Inc. (the "Insurer"), pursuant to which the Insurer has unconditionally
guaranteed payment of the Note Interest Distributable Amount and the Note
Principal Distributable Amount on each Distribution Date, all as more fully set
forth in the Indenture.
Reference is made to the further provisions of this Note set forth on
the reverse hereof, which shall have the same effect as though fully set forth
on the face of this Note.
Unless the certificate of authentication hereon has been executed by
the Trustee whose name appears below by manual signature, this Note shall not
be entitled to any benefit under the Indenture referred to on the reverse
hereof, or be valid or obligatory for any purpose.
E-2
99
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Issuer has caused this instrument to be
signed, manually or in facsimile, by an Authorized Officer, as set forth below.
Date: March __, 1998 WFS FINANCIAL 1998-A OWNER TRUST
By: CHASE MANHATTAN BANK DELAWARE,
not in its individual capacity but
solely on behalf of the Issuer as
Owner Trustee, under the Trust
Agreement
By: ____________________________________
Name:
Title:
TRUSTEE'S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION
This is one of the Notes designated above and referred to in the
within-mentioned Indenture.
BANKERS TRUST COMPANY,
not in its individual capacity but
solely as Trustee,
By: ____________________________________
Authorized Signatory
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100
[REVERSE OF CLASS A-3 NOTE]
This Note is one of a duly authorized issue of Notes of the Issuer,
designated as its "_____% Auto Receivable Backed Notes, Class A-3" (the "Class
A-3 Notes"), all issued under an Indenture, dated as of March 1, 1998 (the
"Indenture"), between the Issuer and Bankers Trust Company, as trustee (the
"Trustee"), to which Indenture and all indentures supplemental thereto
reference is hereby made for a statement of the respective rights and
obligations thereunder of the Issuer, the Insurer, the Trustee and the Holders
of the Notes. The Notes are subject to all terms of the Indenture. All terms
used in this Note that are defined in the Indenture, as supplemented or
amended, shall have the meanings assigned to them in or pursuant to the
Indenture, as so supplemented or amended.
The Class A-1 Notes, the Class A-2 Notes, the Class A-3 Notes and the
Class A-4 Notes (collectively, the "Notes") are and will be equally and ratably
secured by the collateral pledged as security therefor as provided in the
Indenture.
Principal payable on the Class A-3 Notes will be paid on each
Distribution Date in the amount specified in the Indenture. As described
above, the entire unpaid principal amount of this Note will be payable on the
earlier of the Class A-3 Final Distribution Date and the Redemption Date, if
any, selected pursuant to the Indenture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, under
certain circumstances, the entire unpaid principal amount of the Class A-3
Notes shall be due and payable following the occurrence and continuance of an
Event of Default, as described in the Indenture. All principal payments on the
Class A-3 Notes shall be made pro rata to the Class A-3 Noteholders entitled
thereto.
Payments of principal and interest on this Note due and payable on
each Distribution Date or Redemption Date shall be made by check mailed to the
Person whose name appears as the registered Holder of this Note (or one or more
Predecessor Notes) on the Note Register as of the close of business on the
related Record Date, except that with respect to Notes registered on the Record
Date in the name of the nominee of the Depository (initially, such nominee to
be Cede & Co.), payments will be made by wire transfer in immediately available
funds to the account designated by such nominee. Such checks shall be mailed
to the Person entitled thereto at the address of such Person as it appears on
the Note Register as of the applicable Record Date without requiring that this
Note be submitted for notation of payment. Any reduction in the principal
amount of this Note (or any one or more Predecessor Notes) affected by any
payments made on any Distribution Date or Redemption Date shall be binding upon
all future Holders of this Note and of any Note issued upon the registration of
transfer hereof or in exchange hereof or in lieu hereof, whether or not noted
hereon. If funds are expected to be available, as provided in the Indenture,
for payment in full of the remaining unpaid principal amount of this Note on a
Distribution Date or Redemption Date, then the Trustee, in the name of and on
behalf of the Issuer, will notify the Person who was the registered Holder
hereof as of the Record Date preceding such Distribution Date or Redemption
Date by notice mailed within five days of such Distribution Date or Redemption
Date and the amount then due and payable shall be payable only upon
presentation and surrender of this Note at the Corporate Trust Office of the
Trustee or at the office of the Trustee's agent appointed for such purposes
located in The City of New York.
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As provided in the Indenture, the Notes may be redeemed pursuant to
the Indenture, in whole, but not in part, at the option of the Seller, on any
Distribution Date as of which (i) the Aggregate Scheduled Balance is less than
or equal to 10% of the Cut-Off Date Aggregate Scheduled Balance and (ii) the
aggregate outstanding principal amount of the Securities is less than 5% of the
aggregate outstanding principal amount of the Securities as of the Closing
Date.
As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations set
forth therein, the transfer of this Note may be registered on the Note Register
upon surrender of this Note for registration of transfer at the office or
agency designated by the Issuer pursuant to the Indenture. No service charge
will be charged for any registration of transfer or exchange of this Note, but
the transferor may be required to pay a sum sufficient to cover any tax or
other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any such
registration of transfer or exchange.
Each Noteholder or Note Owner, by acceptance of a Note or, in the case
of a Note Owner, a beneficial interest in a Note, covenants and agrees that no
recourse may be taken, directly or indirectly, with respect to the obligations
of the Issuer, the Owner Trustee or the Trustee on the Notes or under the
Indenture or any certificate or other writing delivered in connection
therewith, against (i) the Trustee or the Owner Trustee in its individual
capacity, (ii) any owner of a beneficial interest in the Issuer or (iii) any
partner, owner, beneficiary, agent, officer, director or employee of the
Trustee or the Owner Trustee in its individual capacity, any holder of a
beneficial interest in the Issuer, the Owner Trustee or the Trustee or of any
successor or assign of the Trustee or the Owner Trustee in its individual
capacity, except as any such Person may have expressly agreed and except that
any such partner, owner or beneficiary shall be fully liable, to the extent
provided by applicable law, for any unpaid consideration for stock, unpaid
capital contribution or failure to pay any installment or call owing to such
entity.
Each Noteholder or Note Owner, by acceptance of a Note or, in the case
of a Note Owner, a beneficial interest in a Note, covenants and agrees that by
accepting the benefits of the Indenture and such Note that such Noteholder or
Note Owner will not at any time institute against the Seller or the Issuer, or
join in any institution against the Seller or the Issuer of, any bankruptcy,
reorganization, arrangement, insolvency or liquidation proceedings under any
United States Federal or state bankruptcy or similar law in connection with any
obligations relating to the Notes, the Indenture or the other Basic Documents.
The Issuer has entered into the Indenture, and this Note is issued
with the intention that, for federal, state and local income, single business
and franchise tax purposes, the Notes will qualify as indebtedness of the
Issuer secured by the Trust Estate. Each Noteholder, by acceptance of a Note
(and each Note Owner by acceptance of a beneficial interest in a Note), agrees
to treat the Notes for federal, state and local income, single business and
franchise tax purposes as indebtedness of the Issuer.
Prior to the due presentment for registration of transfer of this
Note, the Issuer, the Trustee and the Insurer and any agent of the Issuer, the
Trustee or the Insurer may treat the
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Person in whose name this Note (as of the day of determination or as of such
other date as may be specified in the Indenture) is registered as the owner
hereof for all purposes, whether or not this Note be overdue, and neither the
Issuer, the Trustee nor any such agent shall be affected by notice to the
contrary.
The Indenture permits, with certain exceptions as therein provided,
the amendment thereof and the modification of the rights and obligations of the
Issuer and the rights of the Holders of the Notes under the Indenture at any
time by the Issuer with the consent of the Insurer and of the Holders of Notes
representing a majority of the Outstanding Amount of the Notes. The Indenture
also contains provisions permitting the Holders of Notes representing specified
percentages of the Outstanding Amount of the Notes, on behalf of the Holders of
all the Notes, to waive compliance by the Issuer with certain provisions of the
Indenture and certain past defaults under the Indenture and their consequences.
Any such consent or waiver by the Holder of this Note (or any one of more
Predecessor Notes) shall be conclusive and binding upon such Holder and upon
all future Holders of this Note and of any Note issued upon the registration of
transfer hereof or in exchange hereof or in lieu hereof whether or not notation
of such consent or waiver is made upon this Note. The Indenture also permits
the Trustee to amend or waive certain terms and conditions set forth in the
Indenture without the consent of Holders of the Notes issued thereunder.
The Notes are issuable only in registered form in denominations as
provided in the Indenture, subject to certain limitations therein set forth.
This Note and the Indenture shall be construed in accordance with the
laws of the State of California, and the obligations, rights and remedies of
the parties hereunder and thereunder shall be determined in accordance with
such laws, except that the duties of the Trustee under the Indenture shall be
governed by New York law.
No reference herein to the Indenture and no provision of this Note or
of the Indenture shall alter or impair the obligation of the Issuer, which is
absolute and unconditional, to pay the principal of and interest on this Note
at the times, place and rate, and in the coin or currency herein prescribed.
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EXHIBIT F
FORM OF CLASS A-4 NOTE
THIS NOTE IS SUBORDINATED IN RIGHT OF PAYMENT TO THE CLASS A-1 NOTES,
THE CLASS A-2 NOTES AND THE CLASS A-3 NOTES AS DESCRIBED IN THE INDENTURE
REFERRED TO HEREIN.
UNLESS THIS NOTE IS PRESENTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE
DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY, A NEW YORK CORPORATION ("DTC"), TO THE ISSUER OR ITS
AGENT FOR REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER, EXCHANGE OR PAYMENT, AND ANY NOTE ISSUED IS
REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF CEDE & CO. OR IN SUCH OTHER NAME AS IS REQUESTED BY
AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC (AND ANY PAYMENT IS MADE TO CEDE & CO. OR
TO SUCH OTHER ENTITY AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC),
ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY
PERSON IS WRONGFUL INASMUCH AS THE REGISTERED OWNER HEREOF, CEDE & CO., HAS AN
INTEREST HEREIN.
THIS SECURITY IS NOT A SAVINGS ACCOUNT OR DEPOSIT AND IT IS NOT
INSURED BY THE UNITED STATES OR ANY AGENCY OR FUND OF THE UNITED STATES.
THE PRINCIPAL OF THIS NOTE IS PAYABLE IN FULL ON THE DATE SET FORTH
HEREIN. ACCORDINGLY, THE OUTSTANDING PRINCIPAL AMOUNT OF THIS NOTE AT ANY TIME
MAY BE LESS THAN THE AMOUNT SHOWN ON THE FACE HEREOF.
WFS FINANCIAL 1998-A OWNER TRUST
______% AUTO RECEIVABLE BACKED NOTE, CLASS A-4
REGISTERED $__________
No. R-A4 CUSIP NO. __________
WFS Financial 1998-A Owner Trust, a business trust organized and
existing under the laws of the State of Delaware (the "Issuer"), for value
received, hereby promises to pay to Cede & Co., or registered assigns, the
principal sum of _______________________________ Dollars ($__________), payable
to the extent described in the Indenture referred to on the reverse hereof on
each Distribution Date; provided, however, that the entire unpaid principal
amount of this Note shall be payable on the earlier __________ __, 200__ (the
"Class A-4 Final Distribution Date") and the Redemption Date, if any, selected
pursuant to the Indenture.
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104
No payments of principal of the Class A-4 Notes shall be made until the
principal amount of the Class A-1 Notes, the Class A-2 Notes and the Class A-3
Notes has been reduced to zero.
The Issuer will pay interest on this Note at the rate per annum shown
above on each Distribution Date until the principal of this Note is paid or
made available for payment, on the principal amount of this Note outstanding on
the preceding Distribution Date (after giving effect to all payments of
principal made on the preceding Distribution Date) or on the Closing Date in
the case of the first Distribution Date or if no interest has yet been paid,
subject to certain limitations contained in the Indenture. Interest on this
Note will accrue for each Distribution Date from and including the most recent
Distribution Date on which interest has been paid to but excluding such
Distribution Date or, in the case of the first Distribution Date or if no
interest has yet been paid, from March 1, 1998. The Issuer shall pay interest
on overdue installments of interest at the Class A-4 Interest Rate to the
extent lawful. Interest will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year
consisting of twelve 30-day months. Such principal of and interest on this
Note shall be paid in the manner specified on the reverse hereof.
The principal of and interest on this Note are payable in such coin or
currency of the United States of America as at the time of payment is legal
tender for payment of public and private debts. All payments made by the
Issuer with respect to this Note shall be applied first to interest due and
payable on this Note as provided above and then to the unpaid principal of this
Note.
The Notes are entitled to the benefits of a financial guaranty
insurance policy (the "Note Policy") issued by Financial Security Assurance
Inc. (the "Insurer"), pursuant to which the Insurer has unconditionally
guaranteed payment of the Note Interest Distributable Amount and the Note
Principal Distributable Amount on each Distribution Date, all as more fully set
forth in the Indenture.
Reference is made to the further provisions of this Note set forth on
the reverse hereof, which shall have the same effect as though fully set forth
on the face of this Note.
Unless the certificate of authentication hereon has been executed by
the Trustee whose name appears below by manual signature, this Note shall not
be entitled to any benefit under the Indenture referred to on the reverse
hereof, or be valid or obligatory for any purpose.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Issuer has caused this instrument to be
signed, manually or in facsimile, by an Authorized Officer, as set forth below.
Date: March __, 1998 WFS FINANCIAL 1998-A OWNER TRUST
By: CHASE MANHATTAN BANK DELAWARE,
not in its individual capacity but
solely on behalf of the Issuer as
Owner Trustee, under the Trust
Agreement
By: ____________________________________
Name:
Title:
TRUSTEE'S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION
This is one of the Notes designated above and referred to in the
within-mentioned Indenture.
BANKERS TRUST COMPANY,
not in its individual capacity but
solely as Trustee,
By: ____________________________________
Authorized Signatory
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[REVERSE OF CLASS A-4 NOTE]
This Note is one of a duly authorized issue of Notes of the Issuer,
designated as its "_____% Auto Receivable Backed Notes, Class A-4" (the "Class
A-4 Notes"), all issued under an Indenture, dated as of March 1, 1998 (the
"Indenture"), between the Issuer and Bankers Trust Company, as trustee (the
"Trustee") to which Indenture and all indentures supplemental thereto reference
is hereby made for a statement of the respective rights and obligations
thereunder of the Issuer, the Insurer, the Trustee and the Holders of the
Notes. The Notes are subject to all terms of the Indenture. All terms used in
this Note that are defined in the Indenture, as supplemented or amended, shall
have the meanings assigned to them in or pursuant to the Indenture, as so
supplemented or amended.
The Class A-1 Notes, the Class A-2 Notes, the Class A-3 Notes and the
Class A-4 Notes (collectively, the "Notes") are and will be equally and ratably
secured by the collateral pledged as security therefor as provided in the
Indenture.
Principal payable on the Class A-4 Notes will be paid on each
Distribution Date in the amount specified in the Indenture. As described
above, the entire unpaid principal amount of this Note will be payable on the
earlier of the Class A-4 Final Distribution Date and the Redemption Date, if
any, selected pursuant to the Indenture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, under
certain circumstances, the entire unpaid principal amount of the Class A-4
Notes shall be due and payable following the occurrence and continuance of an
Event of Default, as described in the Indenture. All principal payments on the
Class A-4 Notes shall be made pro rata to the Class A-4 Noteholders entitled
thereto.
Payments of principal and interest on this Note due and payable on
each Distribution Date or Redemption Date shall be made by check mailed to the
Person whose name appears as the registered Holder of this Note (or one or more
Predecessor Notes) on the Note Register as of the close of business on the
related Record Date, except that with respect to Notes registered on the Record
Date in the name of the nominee of the Depository (initially, such nominee to
be Cede & Co.), payments will be made by wire transfer in immediately available
funds to the account designated by such nominee. Such checks shall be mailed
to the Person entitled thereto at the address of such Person as it appears on
the Note Register as of the applicable Record Date without requiring that this
Note be submitted for notation of payment. Any reduction in the principal
amount of this Note (or any one or more Predecessor Notes) affected by any
payments made on any Distribution Date or Redemption Date shall be binding upon
all future Holders of this Note and of any Note issued upon the registration of
transfer hereof or in exchange hereof or in lieu hereof, whether or not noted
hereon. If funds are expected to be available, as provided in the Indenture,
for payment in full of the remaining unpaid principal amount of this Note on a
Distribution Date or Redemption Date, then the Trustee, in the name of and on
behalf of the Issuer, will notify the Person who was the registered Holder
hereof as of the Record Date preceding such Distribution Date or Redemption
Date by notice mailed within five days of such Distribution Date or Redemption
Date and the amount then due and payable shall be payable only upon
presentation and surrender of this Note at the Corporate Trust Office of the
Trustee or at the office of the Trustee's agent appointed for such purposes
located in The City of New York.
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107
As provided in the Indenture, the Notes may be redeemed pursuant to
the Indenture, in whole, but not in part, at the option of the Seller, on any
Distribution Date as of which (i) the Aggregate Scheduled Balance is less than
or equal to 10% of the Cut-Off Date Aggregate Scheduled Balance and (ii) the
aggregate outstanding principal amount of the Securities is less than 5% of the
aggregate outstanding principal amount of the Securities as of the Closing
Date.
As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations set
forth therein, the transfer of this Note may be registered on the Note Register
upon surrender of this Note for registration of transfer at the office or
agency designated by the Issuer pursuant to the Indenture. No service charge
will be charged for any registration of transfer or exchange of this Note, but
the transferor may be required to pay a sum sufficient to cover any tax or
other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any such
registration of transfer or exchange.
Each Noteholder or Note Owner, by acceptance of a Note or, in the case
of a Note Owner, a beneficial interest in a Note, covenants and agrees that no
recourse may be taken, directly or indirectly, with respect to the obligations
of the Issuer, the Owner Trustee or the Trustee on the Notes or under the
Indenture or any certificate or other writing delivered in connection
therewith, against (i) the Trustee or the Owner Trustee in its individual
capacity, (ii) any owner of a beneficial interest in the Issuer or (iii) any
partner, owner, beneficiary, agent, officer, director or employee of the
Trustee or the Owner Trustee in its individual capacity, any holder of a
beneficial interest in the Issuer, the Owner Trustee or the Trustee or of any
successor or assign of the Trustee or the Owner Trustee in its individual
capacity, except as any such Person may have expressly agreed and except that
any such partner, owner or beneficiary shall be fully liable, to the extent
provided by applicable law, for any unpaid consideration for stock, unpaid
capital contribution or failure to pay any installment or call owing to such
entity.
Each Noteholder or Note Owner, by acceptance of a Note or, in the case
of a Note Owner, a beneficial interest in a Note, covenants and agrees that by
accepting the benefits of the Indenture and such Note that such Noteholder or
Note Owner will not at any time institute against the Seller or the Issuer or
join in any institution against the Seller or the Issuer of, any bankruptcy,
reorganization, arrangement, insolvency or liquidation proceedings under any
United States Federal or state bankruptcy or similar law in connection with any
obligations relating to the Notes, the Indenture or the other Basic Documents.
The Issuer has entered into the Indenture, and this Note is issued
with the intention that, for federal, state and local income, single business
and franchise tax purposes, the Notes will qualify as indebtedness of the
Issuer secured by the Trust Estate. Each Noteholder, by acceptance of a Note
(and each Note Owner by acceptance of a beneficial interest in a Note), agrees
to treat the Notes for federal, state and local income, single business and
franchise tax purposes as indebtedness of the Issuer.
Prior to the due presentment for registration of transfer of this
Note, the Issuer, the Trustee and the Insurer and any agent of the Issuer, the
Trustee or the Insurer may treat the
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108
Person in whose name this Note (as of the day of determination or as of such
other date as may be specified in the Indenture) is registered as the owner
hereof for all purposes, whether or not this Note be overdue, and neither the
Issuer, the Trustee nor any such agent shall be affected by notice to the
contrary.
The Indenture permits, with certain exceptions as therein provided,
the amendment thereof and the modification of the rights and obligations of the
Issuer and the rights of the Holders of the Notes under the Indenture at any
time by the Issuer with the consent of the Insurer and of the Holders of Notes
representing a majority of the Outstanding Amount of the Notes. The Indenture
also contains provisions permitting the Holders of Notes representing specified
percentages of the Outstanding Amount of the Notes, on behalf of the Holders of
all the Notes, to waive compliance by the Issuer with certain provisions of the
Indenture and certain past defaults under the Indenture and their consequences.
Any such consent or waiver by the Holder of this Note (or any one of more
Predecessor Notes) shall be conclusive and binding upon such Holder and upon
all future Holders of this Note and of any Note issued upon the registration of
transfer hereof or in exchange hereof or in lieu hereof whether or not notation
of such consent or waiver is made upon this Note. The Indenture also permits
the Trustee to amend or waive certain terms and conditions set forth in the
Indenture without the consent of Holders of the Notes issued thereunder.
The Notes are issuable only in registered form in denominations as
provided in the Indenture, subject to certain limitations therein set forth.
This Note and the Indenture shall be construed in accordance with the
laws of the State of California, and the obligations, rights and remedies of
the parties hereunder and thereunder shall be determined in accordance with
such laws, except that the duties of the Trustee under the Indenture shall be
governed by New York law.
No reference herein to the Indenture and no provision of this Note or
of the Indenture shall alter or impair the obligation of the Issuer, which is
absolute and unconditional, to pay the principal of and interest on this Note
at the times, place and rate, and in the coin or currency herein prescribed.
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EXHIBIT G
FORM OF ASSIGNMENT
FOR VALUE RECEIVED the undersigned hereby sells, assigns and transfers unto
PLEASE INSERT SOCIAL SECURITY OR
OTHER IDENTIFYING NUMBER OF ASSIGNEE
________________________________________________________________________________
(Please print or type name and address, including postal zip code, of assignee)
________________________________________________________________________________
the within Note, and all rights thereunder, hereby irrevocably constituting
and appointing
________________________________________________________________________________
to transfer said Note on the books kept for registration thereof, with full
power of substitution in the premises.
Dated: _____________________
Signature Guaranteed By:
_________________________________________ ____________________________________
Signature must be guaranteed by an Notice: The signature(s) on this
eligible guarantor institution which is a assignment must correspond with the
participant in the Securities Transfer name(s) as it appears on the face of
Agent's Medallion Program (STAMP) or the within Note in every particular,
similar signature guarantee program. without alteration, enlargement, or
any change whatsoever.
________________________________________
(Authorized Officer)
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EXHIBIT H
FORM OF NOTE POLICY
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