[SHARES]
LINEO, INC.
COMMON STOCK
UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
__________, 2000
CREDIT SUISSE FIRST BOSTON CORPORATION
▇▇▇▇▇▇ BROTHERS INC.
▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ INCORPORATED
WIT SOUNDVIEW CORPORATION,
As Representatives of the Several Underwriters,
c/o Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation,
Eleven Madison Avenue,
New York, N.Y. 10010-3629
Dear Sirs:
1. INTRODUCTORY. Lineo, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("COMPANY"),
proposes to issue and sell ________ shares ("FIRM SECURITIES") of its Common
Stock ("SECURITIES") and also proposes to issue and sell to the Underwriters, at
the option of the Underwriters, an aggregate of not more than additional shares
("OPTIONAL SECURITIES") of its Securities as set forth below. The Firm
Securities and the Optional Securities are herein collectively called the
"OFFERED SECURITIES". As part of the offering contemplated by this Agreement,
Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation (the "DESIGNATED UNDERWRITER") has agreed
to reserve out of the Firm Securities purchased by it under this Agreement, up
to ________ shares, for sale to the Company's directors, officers, employees and
other parties associated with the Company (collectively, "PARTICIPANTS"), as set
forth in the Prospectus (as defined herein) under the heading "Underwriting"
(the "DIRECTED SHARE PROGRAM"). The Firm Securities to be sold by the Designated
Underwriter pursuant to the Directed Share Program (the "DIRECTED SHARES") will
be sold by the Designated Underwriter pursuant to this Agreement at the public
offering price. Any Directed Shares not subscribed for by the end of the
business day on which this Agreement is executed will be offered to the public
by the Underwriters as set forth in the Prospectus. The Company hereby agrees
with the several Underwriters named in Schedule A hereto ("UNDERWRITERS") as
follows:
2. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY. The Company represents
and warrants to, and agrees with, the several Underwriters that:
(a) A registration statement (No. 333- 37346) relating to the Offered
Securities, including a form of prospectus, has been filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission ("COMMISSION") and either (i) has been
declared effective under the Securities Act of 1933 ("ACT") and is not
proposed to be amended or (ii) is proposed to be amended by amendment or
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post-effective amendment. If such registration statement ("INITIAL
REGISTRATION STATEMENT") has been declared effective, either (i) an
additional registration statement ("ADDITIONAL REGISTRATION STATEMENT")
relating to the Offered Securities may have been filed with the Commission
pursuant to Rule 462(b) ("RULE 462(b)") under the Act and, if so filed, has
become effective upon filing pursuant to such Rule and the Offered
Securities all have been duly registered under the Act pursuant to the
initial registration statement and, if applicable, the additional
registration statement or (ii) such an additional registration statement is
proposed to be filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(b) and will
become effective upon filing pursuant to such Rule and upon such filing the
Offered Securities will all have been duly registered under the Act
pursuant to the initial registration statement and such additional
registration statement. If the Company does not propose to amend the
initial registration statement or if an additional registration statement
has been filed and the Company does not propose to amend it, and if any
post-effective amendment to either such registration statement has been
filed with the Commission prior to the execution and delivery of this
Agreement, the most recent amendment (if any) to each such registration
statement has been declared effective by the Commission or has become
effective upon filing pursuant to Rule 462(c) ("RULE 462(c)") under the Act
or, in the case of the additional registration statement, Rule 462(b). For
purposes of this Agreement, "EFFECTIVE TIME" with respect to the initial
registration statement or, if filed prior to the execution and delivery of
this Agreement, the additional registration statement means (i) if the
Company has advised the Representatives that it does not propose to amend
such registration statement, the date and time as of which such
registration statement, or the most recent post-effective amendment thereto
(if any) filed prior to the execution and delivery of this Agreement, was
declared effective by the Commission or has become effective upon filing
pursuant to Rule 462(c), or (ii) if the Company has advised the
Representatives that it proposes to file an amendment or post-effective
amendment to such registration statement, the date and time as of which
such registration statement, as amended by such amendment or post-effective
amendment, as the case may be, is declared effective by the Commission. If
an additional registration statement has not been filed prior to the
execution and delivery of this Agreement but the Company has advised the
Representatives that it proposes to file one, "EFFECTIVE TIME" with respect
to such additional registration statement means the date and time as of
which such registration statement is filed and becomes effective pursuant
to Rule 462(b). "EFFECTIVE DATE" with respect to the initial registration
statement or the additional registration statement (if any) means the date
of the Effective Time thereof. The initial registration statement, as
amended at its Effective Time, including all information contained in the
additional registration statement (if any) and deemed to be a part of the
initial registration statement as of the Effective Time of the additional
registration statement pursuant to the General Instructions of the Form on
which it is filed and including all information (if any) deemed to be a
part of the initial registration statement as of its Effective Time
pursuant to Rule 430A(b) ("RULE 430A(b)") under the Act, is hereinafter
referred to as the "INITIAL REGISTRATION STATEMENT". The additional
registration statement, as amended at its Effective Time, including the
contents of the initial registration statement incorporated by reference
therein and including all information (if any) deemed to be a part of the
additional registration statement as of its Effective Time pursuant to Rule
430A(b), is hereinafter referred to as the "ADDITIONAL REGISTRATION
STATEMENT". The Initial Registration Statement and the Additional
Registration Statement are herein referred to collectively as the
"REGISTRATION STATEMENTS" and individually as a "REGISTRATION STATEMENT".
The form of prospectus relating to the Offered Securities, as first filed
with the Commission pursuant to and in accordance with Rule 424(b) ("RULE
424(b)") under the Act or (if no such filing is required) as included in a
Registration Statement, is hereinafter referred to as the "PROSPECTUS". No
document has been or will be prepared or distributed in reliance on Rule
434 under the Act.
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(b) If the Effective Time of the Initial Registration Statement is
prior to the execution and delivery of this Agreement: (i) on the Effective
Date of the Initial Registration Statement, the Initial Registration
Statement conformed in all respects to the requirements of the Act and the
rules and regulations of the Commission ("RULES AND REGULATIONS") and did
not include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any
material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the
statements therein not misleading, (ii) on the Effective Date of the
Additional Registration Statement (if any), each Registration Statement
conformed, or will conform, in all respects to the requirements of the Act
and the Rules and Regulations and did not include, or will not include, any
untrue statement of a material fact and did not omit, or will not omit, to
state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make
the statements therein not misleading and (iii) on the date of this
Agreement, the Initial Registration Statement and, if the Effective Time of
the Additional Registration Statement is prior to the execution and
delivery of this Agreement, the Additional Registration Statement each
conforms, and at the time of filing of the Prospectus pursuant to Rule
424(b) or (if no such filing is required) at the Effective Date of the
Additional Registration Statement in which the Prospectus is included, each
Registration Statement and the Prospectus will conform, in all respects to
the requirements of the Act and the Rules and Regulations, and neither of
such documents includes, or will include, any untrue statement of a
material fact or omits, or will omit, to state any material fact required
to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not
misleading. If the Effective Time of the Initial Registration Statement is
subsequent to the execution and delivery of this Agreement: on the
Effective Date of the Initial Registration Statement, the Initial
Registration Statement and the Prospectus will conform in all respects to
the requirements of the Act and the Rules and Regulations, neither of such
documents will include any untrue statement of a material fact or will omit
to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to
make the statements therein not misleading, and no Additional Registration
Statement has been or will be filed. The two preceding sentences do not
apply to statements in or omissions from a Registration Statement or the
Prospectus based upon written information furnished to the Company by any
Underwriter through the Representatives specifically for use therein, it
being understood and agreed that the only such information is that
described as such in Section 7(b) hereof.
(c) The Company has been duly incorporated and is an existing
corporation in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, with
power and authority (corporate and other) to own its properties and conduct
its business as described in the Prospectus; and the Company is duly
qualified to do business as a foreign corporation in good standing in all
other jurisdictions in which its ownership or lease of property or the
conduct of its business requires such qualification.
(d) Each subsidiary of the Company has been duly incorporated and is
an existing corporation in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction
of its incorporation, with power and authority (corporate and other) to own
its properties and conduct its business as described in the Prospectus; and
each subsidiary of the Company is duly qualified to do business as a
foreign corporation in good standing in all other jurisdictions in which
its ownership or lease of property or the conduct of its business requires
such qualification; all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of each
subsidiary of the Company has been duly authorized and validly issued and
is fully paid and nonassessable; and the capital stock of each subsidiary
owned by the Company, directly or through subsidiaries, is owned free from
liens, encumbrances and defects.
(e) The Offered Securities and all other outstanding shares of
capital stock of the Company have been duly authorized; all outstanding
shares of capital stock of the Company are, and, when the Offered
Securities have been delivered and paid for in accordance with this
Agreement on each Closing Date (as defined below), such Offered Securities
will have been, validly issued, fully
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paid and nonassessable and will conform to the description thereof
contained in the Prospectus; and the stockholders of the Company have no
preemptive rights with respect to the Securities.
(f) Except as disclosed in the Prospectus, there are no contracts,
agreements or understandings between the Company and any person that would
give rise to a valid claim against the Company or any Underwriter for a
brokerage commission, finder's fee or other like payment in connection with
this offering.
(g) Except as disclosed in the Prospectus, there are no contracts,
agreements or understandings between the Company and any person granting
such person the right to require the Company to file a registration
statement under the Act with respect to any securities of the Company owned
or to be owned by such person or to require the Company to include such
securities in the securities registered pursuant to a Registration
Statement or in any securities being registered pursuant to any other
registration statement filed by the Company under the Act and any rights to
include any securities of the Company in the securities registered pursuant
to a Registration Statement have been validly waived.
(h) The Offered Securities have been approved for listing on the
Nasdaq Stock Market's National Market subject to notice of issuance.
(i) No consent, approval, authorization, or order of, or filing with,
any governmental agency or body or any court is required for the
consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement in
connection with the issuance and sale of the Offered Securities by the
Company, except such as have been obtained and made under the Act and such
as may be required under state securities laws.
(j) The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement, and
the issuance and sale of the Offered Securities will not result in a breach
or violation of any of the terms and provisions of, or constitute a default
under, any statute, any rule, regulation or order of any governmental
agency or body or any court, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over
the Company or any subsidiary of the Company or any of their properties, or
any agreement or instrument to which the Company or any such subsidiary is
a party or by which the Company or any such subsidiary is bound or to which
any of the properties of the Company or any such subsidiary is subject, or
the charter or by-laws of the Company or any such subsidiary, and the
Company has full power and authority to authorize, issue and sell the
Offered Securities as contemplated by this Agreement.
(k) This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered
by the Company.
(l) Except as disclosed in the Prospectus, the Company and its
subsidiaries have good and marketable title to all real properties and all
other properties and assets owned by them, in each case free from liens,
encumbrances and defects that would materially affect the value thereof or
materially interfere with the use made or to be made thereof by them; and
except as disclosed in the Prospectus, the Company and its subsidiaries
hold any leased real or personal property under valid and enforceable
leases with no exceptions that would materially interfere with the use made
or to be made thereof by them.
(m) The Company and its subsidiaries possess adequate certificates,
authorities or permits issued by appropriate governmental agencies or other
bodies necessary to conduct the business now operated by them and have not
received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or
modification of any such certificate, authority or permit that, if
determined adversely to the
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Company or any of its subsidiaries, could individually or in the aggregate
have a material adverse effect on the condition (financial or other),
business, properties or results of operations of the Company and its
subsidiaries taken as a whole ("MATERIAL ADVERSE EFFECT").
(n) No labor dispute with the employees of the Company or any
subsidiary exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent that
might have a Material Adverse Effect.
(o) The Company and its subsidiaries own, possess or can acquire on
reasonable terms, adequate trademarks, trade names and other rights to
inventions, know-how, patents, copyrights, confidential information and
other intellectual property (collectively, "INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS")
necessary to conduct the business now operated by them, or presently
employed by them, and are not aware of and have not received any notice of
infringement of or conflict with asserted rights of others with respect to
any intellectual property rights that, if determined adversely to the
Company or any of its subsidiaries, could individually or in the aggregate
have a Material Adverse Effect.
(p) Except as disclosed in the Prospectus, neither the Company nor
any of its subsidiaries is in violation of any statute, any rule,
regulation, decision or order of any governmental agency or body or any
court, domestic or foreign, relating to the use, disposal or release of
hazardous or toxic substances or relating to the protection or restoration
of the environment or human exposure to hazardous or toxic substances
(collectively, "ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS"), owns or operates any real property
contaminated with any substance that is subject to any environmental laws,
is liable for any off-site disposal or contamination pursuant to any
environmental laws, or is subject to any claim relating to any
environmental laws, which violation, contamination, liability or claim
would individually or in the aggregate have a Material Adverse Effect; and
the Company is not aware of any pending investigation which might lead to
such a claim.
(q) Except as disclosed in the Prospectus, there are no pending
actions, suits or proceedings against or affecting the Company, any of its
subsidiaries or any of their respective properties that, if determined
adversely to the Company or any of its subsidiaries, would individually or
in the aggregate have a Material Adverse Effect, or would materially and
adversely affect the ability of the Company to perform its obligations
under this Agreement, or which are otherwise material in the context of the
sale of the Offered Securities; and no such actions, suits or proceedings
are threatened or, to the Company's knowledge, contemplated.
(r) The financial statements included in each Registration Statement
and the Prospectus present fairly the financial position of the Company and
its subsidiaries as of the dates shown and their results of operations and
cash flows for the periods shown, and such financial statements have been
prepared in conformity with the generally accepted accounting principles in
the United States applied on a consistent basis; the schedules included in
each Registration Statement present fairly the information required to be
stated therein; and the assumptions used in preparing the pro forma
financial statements included in each Registration Statement and the
Prospectus provide a reasonable basis for presenting the significant
effects directly attributable to the transactions or events described
therein, the related pro forma adjustments give appropriate effect to those
assumptions, and the pro forma columns therein reflect the proper
application of those adjustments to the corresponding historical financial
statement amounts.
(s) Except as disclosed in the Prospectus, since the date of the
latest audited financial statements included in the Prospectus there has
been no material adverse change, nor any development or event involving a
prospective material adverse change, in the condition (financial
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or other), business, properties or results of operations of the Company and
its subsidiaries taken as a whole, and, except as disclosed in or
contemplated by the Prospectus, there has been no dividend or distribution
of any kind declared, paid or made by the Company on any class of its
capital stock.
(t) The Company is not and, after giving effect to the offering and
sale of the Offered Securities and the application of the proceeds thereof
as described in the Prospectus, will not be an "investment company" as
defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940.
(u) Furthermore, the Company represents and warrants to the
Underwriters that (i) the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and any
preliminary prospectus comply, and any further amendments or supplements
thereto will comply, with any applicable laws or regulations of foreign
jurisdictions in which the Prospectus or any preliminary prospectus, as
amended or supplemented, if applicable, are distributed in connection with
the Directed Share Program, and that (ii) no authorization, approval,
consent, license, order, registration or qualification of or with any
government, governmental instrumentality or court, other than such as have
been obtained, is necessary under the securities law and regulations of
foreign jurisdictions in which the Directed Shares are offered outside the
United States.
(v) The Company has not offered, or caused the Underwriters to offer,
any offered Securities to any person pursuant to the Directed Share Program
with the specific intent to unlawfully influence (i) a customer or supplier
of the Company to alter the customer's or supplier's level or type of
business with the Company or (ii) a trade journalist or publication to
write or publish favorable information about the Company or its products.
3. PURCHASE, SALE AND DELIVERY OF OFFERED SECURITIES. On the basis of the
representations, warranties and agreements herein contained, but subject to the
terms and conditions herein set forth, the Company agrees to sell to the
Underwriters, and the Underwriters agree, severally and not jointly, to purchase
from the Company, at a purchase price of $_____ per share, the respective
numbers of shares of Firm Securities set forth opposite the names of the
Underwriters in Schedule A hereto.
The Company will deliver the Firm Securities to the Representatives for the
accounts of the Underwriters, against payment of the purchase price in Federal
(same day) funds by official bank check or checks or wire transfer to an account
at a bank acceptable to Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation ("CSFBC") drawn
to the order of the Company at the office of The Summit Law Group, PLLC at 10:00
A.M., New York time, on __________, or at such other time not later than seven
full business days thereafter as CSFBC and the Company determine, such time
being herein referred to as the "FIRST CLOSING DATE". For purposes of Rule
15c6-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the First Closing Date (if
later than the otherwise applicable settlement date) shall be the settlement
date for payment of funds and delivery of securities for all the Offered
Securities sold pursuant to the offering. The certificates for the Firm
Securities so to be delivered will be in definitive form, in such denominations
and registered in such names as CSFBC requests and will be made available for
checking and packaging at the above office of The Summit Law Group, PLLC at
least 24 hours prior to the First Closing Date.
In addition, upon written notice from CSFBC given to the Company from time
to time not more than 30 days subsequent to the date of the Prospectus, the
Underwriters may purchase all or less than all of the Optional Securities at the
purchase price per Security to be paid for the Firm Securities. The Company
agrees to sell to the Underwriters the number of shares of Optional Securities
specified in such notice and the Underwriters agree, severally and not jointly,
to purchase such Optional Securities. Such Optional Securities shall be
purchased for the account of each Underwriter in the same proportion as the
number of
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shares of Firm Securities set forth opposite such Underwriter's name bears to
the total number of shares of Firm Securities (subject to adjustment by CSFBC to
eliminate fractions) and may be purchased by the Underwriters only for the
purpose of covering over-allotments made in connection with the sale of the Firm
Securities. No Optional Securities shall be sold or delivered unless the Firm
Securities previously have been, or simultaneously are, sold and delivered. The
right to purchase the Optional Securities or any portion thereof may be
exercised from time to time and to the extent not previously exercised may be
surrendered and terminated at any time upon notice by CSFBC to the Company.
Each time for the delivery of and payment for the Optional Securities,
being herein referred to as an "OPTIONAL CLOSING Date", which may be the First
Closing Date (the First Closing Date and each Optional Closing Date, if any,
being sometimes referred to as a "CLOSING DATE"), shall be determined by CSFBC
but shall be not later than five full business days after written notice of
election to purchase Optional Securities is given. The Company will deliver the
Optional Securities being purchased on each Optional Closing Date to the
Representatives for the accounts of the several Underwriters, against payment of
the purchase price therefor in Federal (same day) funds by official bank check
or checks or wire transfer to an account at a bank acceptable to CSFBC drawn to
the order of the Company, at the office of Summit Law Group, PLLC. The
certificates for the Optional Securities being purchased on each Optional
Closing Date will be in definitive form, in such denominations and registered in
such names as CSFBC requests upon reasonable notice prior to such Optional
Closing Date and will be made available for checking and packaging at the office
of Summit Law Group, PLLC at a reasonable time in advance of such Optional
Closing Date.
4. OFFERING BY UNDERWRITERS. It is understood that the several
Underwriters propose to offer the Offered Securities for sale to the public as
set forth in the Prospectus.
5. CERTAIN AGREEMENTS OF THE COMPANY. The Company agrees with the several
Underwriters that:
(a) If the Effective Time of the Initial Registration Statement is
prior to the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Company will
file the Prospectus with the Commission pursuant to and in accordance with
Subparagraph (1) (or, if applicable and if consented to by CSFBC,
subparagraph (4)) of Rule 424(b) not later than the earlier of (A) the
second business day following the execution and delivery of this Agreement
or (B) the fifteenth business day after the Effective Date of the Initial
Registration Statement.
The Company will advise CSFBC promptly of any such filing pursuant to Rule
424(b). If the Effective Time of the Initial Registration Statement is
prior to the execution and delivery of this Agreement and an additional
registration statement is necessary to register a portion of the Offered
Securities under the Act but the Effective Time thereof has not occurred as
of such execution and delivery, the Company will file the additional
registration statement or, if filed, will file a post-effective amendment
thereto with the Commission pursuant to and in accordance with Rule 462(b)
on or prior to 10:00 P.M., New York time, on the date of this Agreement or,
if earlier, on or prior to the time the Prospectus is printed and
distributed to any Underwriter, or will make such filing at such later date
as shall have been consented to by CSFBC.
(b) The Company will advise CSFBC promptly of any proposal to amend
or supplement the initial or any additional registration statement as filed
or the related prospectus or the Initial Registration Statement, the
Additional Registration Statement (if any) or the Prospectus and will not
effect such amendment or supplementation without CSFBC's consent; and the
Company will also advise CSFBC promptly of the effectiveness of each
Registration Statement (if its Effective Time is subsequent to the
execution and delivery of this Agreement) and of any amendment or
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supplementation of a Registration Statement or the Prospectus and of the
institution by the Commission of any stop order proceedings in respect of a
Registration Statement and will use its best efforts to prevent the
issuance of any such stop order and to obtain as soon as possible its
lifting, if issued.
(c) If, at any time when a prospectus relating to the Offered
Securities is required to be delivered under the Act in connection with
sales by any Underwriter or dealer, any event occurs as a result of which
the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include an untrue
statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary
to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under
which they were made, not misleading, or if it is necessary at any time to
amend the Prospectus to comply with the Act, the Company will promptly
notify CSFBC of such event and will promptly prepare and file with the
Commission, at its own expense, an amendment or supplement which will
correct such statement or omission or an amendment which will effect such
compliance. Neither CSFBC's consent to, nor the Underwriters' delivery of,
any such amendment or supplement shall constitute a waiver of any of the
conditions set forth in Section 6.
(d) As soon as practicable, but not later than the Availability Date
(as defined below), the Company will make generally available to its
securityholders an earnings statement covering a period of at least 12
months beginning after the Effective Date of the Initial Registration
Statement (or, if later, the Effective Date of the Additional Registration
Statement) which will satisfy the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Act.
For the purpose of the preceding sentence, "AVAILABILITY DATE" means the
45th day after the end of the fourth fiscal quarter following the fiscal
quarter that includes such Effective Date, except that, if such fourth
fiscal quarter is the last quarter of the Company's fiscal year,
"AVAILABILITY DATE" means the 90th day after the end of such fourth fiscal
quarter.
(e) The Company will furnish to the Representatives copies of each
Registration Statement (five of which will be signed and will include all
exhibits), each related preliminary prospectus, and, so long as a
prospectus relating to the Offered Securities is required to be delivered
under the Act in connection with sales by any Underwriter or dealer, the
Prospectus and all amendments and supplements to such documents, in each
case in such quantities as CSFBC requests. The Prospectus shall be so
furnished on or prior to 3:00 P.M., New York time, on the business day
following the later of the execution and delivery of this Agreement or the
Effective Time of the Initial Registration Statement. All other documents
shall be so furnished as soon as available. The Company will pay the
expenses of printing and distributing to the Underwriters all such
documents.
(f) The Company will arrange for the qualification of the Offered
Securities for sale under the laws of such jurisdictions as CSFBC
designates and will continue such qualifications in effect so long as
required for the distribution.
(g) During the period of five years hereafter, the Company will
furnish to the Representatives and, upon request, to each of the other
Underwriters, as soon as practicable after the end of each fiscal year, a
copy of its annual report to stockholders for such year; and the Company
will furnish to the Representatives (i) as soon as available, a copy of
each report and any definitive proxy statement of the Company filed with
the Commission under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or mailed to
stockholders, and (ii) from time to time, such other information concerning
the Company as CSFBC may reasonably request.
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(h) The Company will pay all expenses incident to the performance of
its obligations under this Agreement, for any filing fees and other
expenses (including fees and disbursements of counsel) incurred in
connection with qualification of the Offered Securities for sale under the
laws of such jurisdictions as CSFBC designates and the printing of
memoranda relating thereto, for the filing fee incident to, and the
reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel to the Underwriters in
connection with, the review by the National Association of Securities
Dealers, Inc. of the Offered Securities, for any travel expenses of the
Company's officers and employees and any other expenses of the Company in
connection with attending or hosting meetings with prospective purchasers
of the Offered Securities and for expenses incurred in distributing
preliminary prospectuses and the Prospectus (including any amendments and
supplements thereto) to the Underwriters.
(i) The Company will use the net proceeds received by the Company
from the sale of the Offered Securities pursuant to this Agreement in the
manner specified in the Prospectus under the caption "Use of Proceeds."
(j) For a period of 180 days after the date of the initial public
offering of the Offered Securities, the Company will not offer, sell,
contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly,
or file with the Commission a registration statement under the Act relating
to, any additional shares of its Securities or securities convertible into
or exchangeable or exercisable for any shares of its Securities, or
publicly disclose the intention to make any such offer, sale, pledge,
disposition or filing, without the prior written consent of CSFBC, except
issuances of Securities pursuant to the conversion or exchange of
convertible or exchangeable securities or the exercise of warrants or
options, in each case outstanding on the date hereof, grants of employee
stock options pursuant to the terms of a plan in effect on the date hereof,
issuances of Securities pursuant to the exercise of such options.
(k) In connection with the Directed Share Program, the Company will
ensure that the Directed Shares will be restricted to the extent required
by the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. (the "NASD") or the
NASD rules from sale, transfer, assignment, pledge or hypothecation for a
period of three months following the date of the effectiveness of the
Registration Statement. The Designated Underwriter will notify the Company
as to which Participants will need to be so restricted. The Company will
direct the transfer agent to place stop transfer restrictions upon such
securities for such period of time.
(l) The Company will pay all fees and disbursements of counsel
incurred by the Underwriters in connection with the Directed Share Program
and stamp duties, similar taxes or duties or other taxes, if any, incurred
by the underwriters in connection with the Directed Share Program.
Furthermore, the Company covenants with the Underwriters that the
Company will comply with all applicable securities and other applicable
laws, rules and regulations in each foreign jurisdiction in which the
Directed Shares are offered in connection with the Directed Share Program.
6. CONDITIONS OF THE OBLIGATIONS OF THE UNDERWRITERS. The obligations of
the several Underwriters to purchase and pay for the Firm Securities on the
First Closing Date and the Optional Securities to be purchased on each Optional
Closing Date will be subject to the accuracy of the representations and
warranties on the part of the Company herein, to the accuracy of the statements
of Company officers made pursuant to the provisions hereof, to the performance
by the Company of its obligations hereunder and to the following additional
conditions precedent:
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(a) The Representatives shall have received a letter, dated the date
of delivery thereof (which, if the Effective Time of the Initial
Registration Statement is prior to the execution and delivery of this
Agreement, shall be on or prior to the date of this Agreement or, if the
Effective Time of the Initial Registration Statement is subsequent to the
execution and delivery of this Agreement, shall be prior to the filing of
the amendment or post-effective amendment to the registration statement to
be filed shortly prior to such Effective Time), of ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ LLP
confirming that they are independent public accountants within the meaning
of the Act and the applicable published Rules and Regulations thereunder
and stating to the effect that:
(i) in their opinion the financial statements and schedules
examined by them and included in the Registration Statements comply as
to form in all material respects with the applicable accounting
requirements of the Act and the related published Rules and
Regulations;
(ii) they have performed the procedures specified by the American
Institute of Certified Public Accountants for a review of interim
financial information as described in Statement of Auditing Standards
No. 71, Interim Financial Information, on the unaudited financial
statements of each of the Company, Fireplug Computers Inc.
("FIREPLUG"), Moreton Bay Ventures Pty Ltd ("MORETON BAY"), RT-Control
Inc. ("RT-CONTROL"), United System Engineers, Inc. ("USE") and
Zentropic Computing, LLC ("ZENTROPIC") included in the Registration
Statements;
(iii) on the basis of the review referred to in clause (ii)
above, a reading of the latest available interim financial statements
of each of the Company, Fireplug, Moreton Bay, RT-Control, USE and
Zentropic, inquiries of officials of each of the Company, Fireplug,
Moreton Bay, RT-Control, USE, and Zentropic who have responsibility
for financial and accounting matters and other specified procedures,
nothing came to their attention that caused them to believe that:
(A) the unaudited financial statements of each of the
Company, Fireplug, Moreton Bay, RT-Control, USE, and Zentropic
included in the Registration Statements do not comply as to form
in all material respects with the applicable accounting
requirements of the Act and the related published Rules and
Regulations or any material modifications should be made to such
unaudited financial statements for them to be in conformity with
generally accepted accounting principles;
(B) the unaudited net loss, net loss from operations, net
loss and net loss per common share amounts of each of the
Company, Fireplug, Moreton Bay, RT-Control, USE, and Zentropic
for such interim periods included in the Prospectus do not agree
with the amounts set forth in the unaudited financial statements
for those same periods or were not determined on a basis
substantially consistent with that of the corresponding amounts
in the audited statements of income;
(C) on the balance sheet for the period ended June 30,
2000, or at a subsequent specified date not more than three
business days prior to the date of this Agreement, there was any
change in the capital stock or any increase in short-term
indebtedness or long-term debt of the Company and its
consolidated subsidiaries or, at the date of the latest available
balance sheet read by such
10
accountants, there was any decrease in consolidated net current
assets or net assets, as compared with amounts shown on the June
30, 2000 balance sheet included in the Prospectus;
(D) for the period from the closing date of the latest
income statement included in the Prospectus to the closing date
of the latest available income statement read by such accountants
there were any decreases, as compared with the corresponding
period of the previous year and with the period of corresponding
length ended the date of the latest income statement included in
the Prospectus, in net loss, loss from operations in the total or
per share amounts of loss before extraordinary items or net
income, or
(E) the unaudited pro forma combined financial statements
included in the Prospectus do not comply as to form in all
material respects with the applicable accounting requirements of
the Act and the Rules and Regulations or the pro forma
adjustments have not been properly applied to the historical
amounts in the compilation of those statements;
except in all cases set forth in clauses (C) and (D) above for
changes, increases or decreases which the Prospectus discloses have
occurred or may occur or which are described in such letter; and
(iv) they have compared specified dollar amounts (or percentages
derived from such dollar amounts) and other financial information
contained in the Registration Statements (in each case to the extent
that such dollar amounts, percentages and other financial information
are derived from the general accounting records of each of the
Company, Fireplug, Moreton Bay, RT-Control, USE, and Zentropic and
their respective subsidiaries subject to the internal controls of such
respective entity's accounting system or are derived directly from
such records by analysis or computation) with the results obtained
from inquiries, a reading of such general accounting records and other
procedures specified in such letter and have found such dollar
amounts, percentages and other financial information to be in
agreement with such results, except as otherwise specified in such
letter.
(b) The Representatives shall have received a letter, dated the date
of delivery thereof (which, if the Effective Time of the Initial
Registration Statement is prior to the execution and delivery of this
Agreement, shall be on or prior to the date of this Agreement or, if the
Effective Time of the Initial Registration Statement is subsequent to the
execution and delivery of this Agreement, shall be prior to the filing of
the amendment or post-effective amendment to the registration statement to
be filed shortly prior to such Effective Time), of Befec-Price Waterhouse,
a member of PriceWaterhouseCoopers confirming that they are independent
public accountants within the meaning of the Act and the applicable
published Rules and Regulations thereunder and stating to the effect that:
(i) in their opinion the financial statements and schedules
examined by them and included or incorporated by reference in the
Registration Statements comply as to form in all material respects
with the applicable accounting requirements of the Act and the related
published Rules and Regulations;
11
(ii) they have performed the procedures specified by the American
Institute of Certified Public Accountants for a review of interim
financial information as described in Statement of Auditing Standards
No. 71, Interim Financial Information, on the unaudited financial
statements of INUP S.A. ("INUP") included in the Registration
Statements;
(iii) on the basis of the review referred to in clause (ii) above
and a reading of the latest available interim financial statements of
INUP, inquiries of officials of INUP who have responsibility for
financial and accounting matters and other specified procedures,
nothing came to their attention that caused them to believe that the
unaudited financial statements of INUP included in the Registration
Statements do not comply as to form in all material respects with the
applicable accounting requirements of the Act and the related
published Rules and Regulations or any material modifications should
be made to such unaudited financial statements for them to be in
conformity with generally accepted accounting principles; and
(iv) they have compared specified dollar amounts (or percentages
derived from such dollar amounts) and other financial information
contained in the Registration Statements (in each case to the extent
that such dollar amounts, percentages and other financial information
are derived from the general accounting records of INUP and its
subsidiaries subject to the internal controls of INUP or its
respective subsidiaries' accounting system or are derived directly
from such records by analysis or computation) with the results
obtained from inquiries, a reading of such general accounting records
and other procedures specified in such letter and have found such
dollar amounts, percentages and other financial information to be in
agreement with such results, except as otherwise specified in such
letter.
For purposes of subsections 6(a) and 6(b), (i) if the Effective Time of the
Initial Registration Statement is subsequent to the execution and delivery
of this Agreement, "REGISTRATION STATEMENTS" shall mean the initial
registration statement as proposed to be amended by the amendment or
post-effective amendment to be filed shortly prior to its Effective Time,
(ii) if the Effective Time of the Initial Registration Statement is prior
to the execution and delivery of this Agreement but the Effective Time of
the Additional Registration Statement is subsequent to such execution and
delivery, "REGISTRATION STATEMENTS" shall mean the Initial Registration
Statement and the additional registration statement as proposed to be filed
or as proposed to be amended by the post-effective amendment to be filed
shortly prior to its Effective Time, and (iii) "PROSPECTUS" shall mean the
prospectus included in the Registration Statements.
The Company shall have received from ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ LLP (and
furnished to the Representative) an examination report with respect to
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations of the Company for the three fiscal years ending October 31,
1999, and review report with respect to Management's Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of the Company
for the nine-month period ending June 30, 2000, and the corresponding
period for the prior fiscal year, each in accordance with Statement on
Standards for Attestation Engagement No. 8 issued by the Auditing Standards
Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and such
examination report shall be included in the Registration Statement.
(c) If the Effective Time of the Initial Registration Statement is
not prior to the execution and delivery of this Agreement, such Effective
Time shall have occurred not later than 10:00 P.M., New York time, on the
date of this Agreement or such later date as shall have been
12
consented to by CSFBC. If the Effective Time of the Additional Registration
Statement (if any) is not prior to the execution and delivery of this
Agreement, such Effective Time shall have occurred not later than 10:00
P.M., New York time, on the date of this Agreement or, if earlier, the time
the Prospectus is printed and distributed to any Underwriter, or shall have
occurred at such later date as shall have been consented to by CSFBC. If
the Effective Time of the Initial Registration Statement is prior to the
execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Prospectus shall have been
filed with the Commission in accordance with the Rules and Regulations and
Section 5(a) of this Agreement. Prior to such Closing Date, no stop order
suspending the effectiveness of a Registration Statement shall have been
issued and no proceedings for that purpose shall have been instituted or,
to the knowledge of the Company or the Representatives, shall be
contemplated by the Commission.
(d) Subsequent to the execution and delivery of this Agreement, there
shall not have occurred (i) any change, or any development or event
involving a prospective change, in the condition (financial or other),
business, properties, or results of operations of the Company and its
subsidiaries taken as one enterprise which, in the judgment of a majority
in interest of the Underwriters including the Representatives, is material
and adverse and makes it impractical or inadvisable to proceed with
completion of the public offering or the sale of and payment for the
Offered Securities; (ii) any downgrading in the rating of any debt
securities or preferred stock of the Company by any "nationally recognized
statistical rating organization" (as defined for purposes of Rule 436(g)
under the Act), or any public announcement that any such organization has
under surveillance or review its rating of any debt securities or preferred
stock of the Company (other than an announcement with positive implications
of a possible upgrading, and no implication of a possible downgrading, of
such rating); (iii) any material suspension or material limitation of
trading in securities generally on the New York Stock Exchange or the
Nasdaq National Market, or any setting of minimum prices for trading on
such exchange, or any suspension of trading of any securities of the
Company on any exchange or in the over-the-counter market; (iv) any banking
moratorium declared by U.S. Federal or New York authorities; or (v) any
outbreak or escalation of major hostilities in which the United States is
involved, any declaration of war by Congress or any other substantial
national or international calamity or emergency if, in the judgment of a
majority in interest of the Underwriters including the Representatives, the
effect of any such outbreak, escalation, declaration, calamity or emergency
makes it impractical or inadvisable to proceed with completion of the
public offering or the sale of and payment for the Offered Securities.
(e) The Representatives shall have received an opinion, dated such
Closing Date, of Summit Law Group, PLLC, counsel for the Company, to the
effect that:
(i) Each of the Company and its subsidiaries has been duly
incorporated and is an existing corporation in good standing under the
laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation, with corporate power
and authority to own its properties and conduct its business as
described in the Prospectus; and each of the Company and its
subsidiaries is duly qualified to do business as a foreign corporation
in good standing in all other jurisdictions in which its ownership or
lease of property or the conduct of its business requires such
qualification;
(ii) The Offered Securities delivered on such Closing Date and
all other outstanding shares of the Common Stock of the Company have
been duly authorized and validly issued, are fully paid and
nonassessable and conform to the description thereof
13
contained in the Prospectus; and the stockholders of the Company have
no preemptive rights with respect to the Securities;
(iii) Except as disclosed in the Prospectus, there are no
contracts, agreements or understandings known to such counsel between
the Company and any person granting such person the right to require
the Company to file a registration statement under the Act with
respect to any securities of the Company owned or to be owned by such
person or to require the Company to include such securities in the
securities registered pursuant to the Registration Statement or in any
securities being registered pursuant to any other registration
statement filed by the Company under the Act; and all rights to
include any securities of the Company in the securities registered
pursuant to a Registration Statement have been validly waived;
(iv) The Company is not and, after giving effect to the offering
and sale of the Offered Securities and the application of the proceeds
thereof as described in the Prospectus, will not be an "investment
company" as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940;
(v) No consent, approval, authorization or order of, or filing
with, any governmental agency or body or any court is required for the
consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement in
connection with the issuance or sale of the Offered Securities by the
Company, except such as have been obtained and made under the Act and
such as may be required under state securities laws;
(vi) The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement
and the issuance and sale of the Offered Securities will not result in
a breach or violation of any of the terms and provisions of, or
constitute a default under, any statute, any rule, regulation or order
of any governmental agency or body or any court having jurisdiction
over the Company or any subsidiary of the Company or any of their
properties, or any agreement or instrument to which the Company or any
such subsidiary is a party or by which the Company or any such
subsidiary is bound or to which any of the properties of the Company
or any such subsidiary is subject, or the charter or by-laws of the
Company or any such subsidiary, and the Company has full power and
authority to authorize, issue and sell the Offered Securities as
contemplated by this Agreement;
(vii) The Initial Registration Statement was declared effective
under the Act as of the date and time specified in such opinion, the
Additional Registration Statement (if any) was filed and became
effective under the Act as of the date and time (if determinable)
specified in such opinion, the Prospectus either was filed with the
Commission pursuant to the subparagraph of Rule 424(b) specified in
such opinion on the date specified therein or was included in the
Initial Registration Statement or the Additional Registration
Statement (as the case may be), and, to the best of the knowledge of
such counsel, no stop order suspending the effectiveness of a
Registration Statement or any part thereof has been issued and no
proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or are pending or
contemplated under the Act, and each Registration Statement and the
Prospectus, and each amendment or supplement thereto, as of their
respective effective or issue dates, complied as to form in all
material respects with the requirements of the Act and the Rules and
Regulations; such counsel have no reason to believe that any part of a
Registration Statement or any amendment thereto, as of its effective
date or as of such Closing Date, contained any untrue statement of a
material fact or omitted to
14
state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to
make the statements therein not misleading or that the Prospectus or
any amendment or supplement thereto, as of its issue date or as of
such Closing Date, contained any untrue statement of a material fact
or omitted to state any material fact necessary in order to make the
statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they
were made, not misleading; the descriptions in the Registration
Statements and Prospectus of statutes, legal and governmental
proceedings and contracts and other documents are accurate and fairly
present the information required to be shown; and such counsel do not
know of any legal or governmental proceedings required to be described
in a Registration Statement or the Prospectus which are not described
as required or of any contracts or documents of a character required
to be described in a Registration Statement or the Prospectus or to be
filed as exhibits to a Registration Statement which are not described
and filed as required; it being understood that such counsel need
express no opinion as to the financial statements or other financial
data contained in the Registration Statements or the Prospectus; and
(viii) This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and
delivered by the Company.
(f) The Representatives shall have received from Stoel Rives LLP,
counsel for the Underwriters, such opinion or opinions, dated such Closing
Date, with respect to the incorporation of the Company, the validity of the
Offered Securities delivered on such Closing Date, the Registration
Statements, the Prospectus and other related matters as the Representatives
may require, and the Company shall have furnished to such counsel such
documents as they request for the purpose of enabling them to pass upon
such matters.
(g) The Representatives shall have received a certificate, dated such
Closing Date, of the President or any Vice President and a principal
financial or accounting officer of the Company in which such officers, to
the best of their knowledge after reasonable investigation, shall state
that: the representations and warranties of the Company in this Agreement
are true and correct; the Company has complied with all agreements and
satisfied all conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied hereunder
at or prior to such Closing Date; no stop order suspending the
effectiveness of any Registration Statement has been issued and no
proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or are contemplated by
the Commission; the Additional Registration Statement (if any) satisfying
the requirements of subparagraphs (1) and (3) of Rule 462(b) was filed
pursuant to Rule 462(b), including payment of the applicable filing fee in
accordance with Rule 111(a) or (b) under the Act, prior to the time the
Prospectus was printed and distributed to any Underwriter; and, subsequent
to the dates of the most recent financial statements in the Prospectus,
there has been no material adverse change, nor any development or event
involving a prospective material adverse change, in the condition
(financial or other), business, properties or results of operations of the
Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole except as set forth in or
contemplated by the Prospectus or as described in such certificate.
(h) The Representatives shall have received letters, each dated such
Closing Date, of ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ LLP and Befec-Price Waterhouse which meet
the requirements of subsections 6(a) and 6(b) respectively, except that the
specified date referred to in such subsection will be a date not more than
three days prior to such Closing Date for the purposes of this subsection.
(i) The Offered Securities to be delivered on such Closing Date shall
have been approved for listing on the Nasdaq National Market, subject to
official Notice of Issuance.
15
(j) On or prior to the date of this Agreement, the Representatives
shall have received lockup letters from Caldera System, The Canopy Group
and each of the executive officers and directors of the Company.
The Company will furnish the Representatives with such conformed copies of such
opinions, certificates, letters and documents as the Representatives reasonably
requests. CSFBC may in its sole discretion waive on behalf of the Underwriters
compliance with any conditions to the obligations of the Underwriters hereunder,
whether in respect of an Optional Closing Date or otherwise.
7. INDEMNIFICATION AND CONTRIBUTION. (a) The Company will indemnify and
hold harmless each Underwriter, its partners, directors and officers and each
person, if any, who controls such Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15
of the Act, against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities, joint or
several, to which such Underwriter may become subject, under the Act or
otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in
respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon any untrue statement or alleged
untrue statement of any material fact contained in any Registration Statement,
the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, or any related
preliminary prospectus, or arise out of or are based upon the omission or
alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein
or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and will reimburse
each Underwriter for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such
Underwriter in connection with investigating or defending any such loss, claim,
damage, liability or action as such expenses are incurred; provided, however,
that the Company will not be liable in any such case to the extent that any such
loss, claim, damage or liability arises out of or is based upon an untrue
statement or alleged untrue statement in or omission or alleged omission from
any of such documents in reliance upon and in conformity with written
information furnished to the Company by any Underwriter through the
Representatives specifically for use therein, it being understood and agreed
that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the
information described as such in subsection (b) below.
The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Designated
Underwriter and each person, if any, who controls the Designated Underwriter
within the meaning of either Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of
the Exchange Act (the "DESIGNATED ENTITIES"), from and against any and all
losses, claims, damages and liabilities (including, without limitation, any
legal or other expenses reasonably incurred in connection with defending or
investigating any such action or claim) (i) caused by any untrue statement or
alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any material prepared
by or with the consent of the Company for distribution to Participants in
connection with the Directed Share Program or caused by any omission or alleged
omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or
necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; (ii) caused by the
failure of any Participant to pay for and accept delivery of Directed Shares
that the Participant agreed to purchase; or (iii) related to, arising out of, or
in connection with the Directed Share Program, other than losses, claims,
damages or liabilities (or expenses relating thereto) that are finally
judicially determined to have resulted from the bad faith or gross negligence of
the Designated Entities.
(b) Each Underwriter will severally and not jointly indemnify and hold
harmless the Company, its directors and officers and each person, if any who
controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Act, against any
losses, claims, damages or liabilities to which the Company may become subject,
under the Act or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or
liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon any
untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of any material fact contained in
any Registration Statement, the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement
thereto, or any related preliminary prospectus, or arise out of or are based
upon the omission or the alleged omission to state therein a material fact
required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not
16
misleading, in each case to the extent, but only to the extent, that such untrue
statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission was made
in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the
Company by such Underwriter through the Representatives specifically for use
therein, and will reimburse any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by
the Company in connection with investigating or defending any such loss, claim,
damage, liability or action as such expenses are incurred, it being understood
and agreed that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists
of (i) the following information in the Prospectus furnished on behalf of each
Underwriter: the concession and reallowance figures appearing in the fourth
paragraph under the caption "Underwriting," the information in the fifth
paragraph under the caption "Underwriting" regarding discretionary accounts, the
information contained in the third to last paragraph under the caption
"Underwriting" and (ii) the last paragraph under the caption "Underwriting"
regarding the acquisition by one of ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Wessers' affiliates of the
Company's Series C Preferred Stock. [CONFIRM CROSS-REFERENCES]
(c) Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under this Section of
notice of the commencement of any action, such indemnified party will, if a
claim in respect thereof is to be made against the indemnifying party under
subsection (a) or (b) above, notify the indemnifying party of the commencement
thereof; but the omission so to notify the indemnifying party will not relieve
it from any liability which it may have to any indemnified party otherwise than
under subsection (a) or (b) above. In case any such action is brought against
any indemnified party and it notifies the indemnifying party of the commencement
thereof, the indemnifying party will be entitled to participate therein and, to
the extent that it may wish, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly
notified, to assume the defense thereof, with counsel satisfactory to such
indemnified party (who shall not, except with the consent of the indemnified
party, be counsel to the indemnifying party), and after notice from the
indemnifying party to such indemnified party of its election so to assume the
defense thereof, the indemnifying party will not be liable to such indemnified
party under this Section for any legal or other expenses subsequently incurred
by such indemnified party in connection with the defense thereof other than
reasonable costs of investigation. Notwithstanding anything contained herein to
the contrary, if indemnity may be sought pursuant to the last paragraph in
Section 7 (a) hereof in respect of such action or proceeding, then in addition
to such separate firm for the indemnified parties, the indemnifying party shall
be liable for the reasonable fees and expenses of not more than one separate
firm (in addition to any local counsel) for the Designated Underwriter for the
defense of any losses, claims, damages and liabilities arising out of the
Directed Share Program, and all persons, if any, who control the Designated
Underwriter within the meaning of either Section 15 or the Act of Section 20 of
the Exchange Act. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent
of the indemnified party, effect any settlement of any pending or threatened
action in respect of which any indemnified party is or could have been a party
and indemnity could have been sought hereunder by such indemnified party unless
such settlement (i) includes an unconditional release of such indemnified party
from all liability on any claims that are the subject matter of such action and
(ii) does not include a statement as to, or an admission of, fault, culpability
or a failure to act by or on behalf of an indemnified party.
(d) If the indemnification provided for in this Section is unavailable or
insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party under subsection (a) or (b)
above, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to the amount paid or
payable by such indemnified party as a result of the losses, claims, damages or
liabilities referred to in subsection (a) or (b) above (i) in such proportion as
is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company on the
one hand and the Underwriters on the other from the offering of the Securities
or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause (i) above is not permitted by
applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the
relative benefits referred to in clause (i) above but also the relative fault of
the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other in connection with
the statements or omissions which resulted in such losses, claims, damages or
17
liabilities as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative
benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the
other shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as the total net proceeds
from the offering (before deducting expenses) received by the Company bear to
the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by the Underwriters.
The relative fault shall be determined by reference to, among other things,
whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the
omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information
supplied by the Company or the Underwriters and the parties' relative intent,
knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such
untrue statement or omission. The amount paid by an indemnified party as a
result of the losses, claims, damages or liabilities referred to in the first
sentence of this subsection (d) shall be deemed to include any legal or other
expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with
investigating or defending any action or claim which is the subject of this
subsection (d). Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection (d), no
Underwriter shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount
by which the total price at which the Securities underwritten by it and
distributed to the public were offered to the public exceeds the amount of any
damages which such Underwriter has otherwise been required to pay by reason of
such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission. No
person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section
11(f) of the Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not
guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. The Underwriters' obligations in
this subsection (d) to contribute are several in proportion to their respective
underwriting obligations and not joint.
(e) The obligations of the Company under this Section shall be in addition
to any liability which the Company may otherwise have and shall extend, upon the
same terms and conditions, to each person, if any, who controls any Underwriter
within the meaning of the Act; and the obligations of the Underwriters under
this Section shall be in addition to any liability which the respective
Underwriters may otherwise have and shall extend, upon the same terms and
conditions, to each director of the Company, to each officer of the Company who
has signed a Registration Statement and to each person, if any, who controls the
Company within the meaning of the Act.
8. DEFAULT OF UNDERWRITERS. If any Underwriter or Underwriters default in
their obligations to purchase Offered Securities hereunder on either the First
or any Optional Closing Date and the aggregate number of shares of Offered
Securities that such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters agreed but failed to
purchase does not exceed 10% of the total number of shares of Offered Securities
that the Underwriters are obligated to purchase on such Closing Date, CSFBC may
make arrangements satisfactory to the Company for the purchase of such Offered
Securities by other persons, including any of the Underwriters, but if no such
arrangements are made by such Closing Date, the non-defaulting Underwriters
shall be obligated severally, in proportion to their respective commitments
hereunder, to purchase the Offered Securities that such defaulting Underwriters
agreed but failed to purchase on such Closing Date. If any Underwriter or
Underwriters so default and the aggregate number of shares of Offered Securities
with respect to which such default or defaults occur exceeds 10% of the total
number of shares of Offered Securities that the Underwriters are obligated to
purchase on such Closing Date and arrangements satisfactory to CSFBC and the
Company for the purchase of such Offered Securities by other persons are not
made within 36 hours after such default, this Agreement will terminate without
liability on the part of any non-defaulting Underwriter or the Company, except
as provided in Section 9 (provided that if such default occurs with respect to
Optional Securities after the First Closing Date, this Agreement will not
terminate as to the Firm Securities or any Optional Securities purchased prior
to such termination). As used in this Agreement, the term "Underwriter" includes
any person substituted for an Underwriter under this Section. Nothing herein
will relieve a defaulting Underwriter from liability for its default.
9. SURVIVAL OF CERTAIN REPRESENTATIONS AND OBLIGATIONS. The respective
indemnities, agreements, representations, warranties and other statements of the
Company or its officers and of the several
18
Underwriters set forth in or made pursuant to this Agreement will remain in full
force and effect, regardless of any investigation, or statement as to the
results thereof, made by or on behalf of any Underwriter, the Company or any of
their respective representatives, officers or directors or any controlling
person, and will survive delivery of and payment for the Offered Securities. If
this Agreement is terminated pursuant to Section 8 or if for any reason the
purchase of the Offered Securities by the Underwriters is not consummated, the
Company shall remain responsible for the expenses to be paid or reimbursed by it
pursuant to Section 5 and the respective obligations of the Company and the
Underwriters pursuant to Section 7 shall remain in effect, and if any Offered
Securities have been purchased hereunder the representations and warranties in
Section 2 and all obligations under Section 5 shall also remain in effect. If
the purchase of the Offered Securities by the Underwriters is not consummated
for any reason other than solely because of the termination of this Agreement
pursuant to Section 8 or the occurrence of any event specified in clause (iii),
(iv) or (v) of Section 6(d), the Company will reimburse the Underwriters for all
out-of-pocket expenses (including fees and disbursements of counsel) reasonably
incurred by them in connection with the offering of the Offered Securities.
10. NOTICES. All communications hereunder will be in writing and, if sent
to the Underwriters, will be mailed, delivered or telegraphed and confirmed to
the Representatives, c/o Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation, Eleven Madison
Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010-3629, Attention: Investment Banking
Department--Transactions Advisory Group, or, if sent to the Company, will be
mailed, delivered or telegraphed and confirmed to it at ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇,
▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇, Attention: ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇, Esquire, General Counsel; provided,
however, that any notice to an Underwriter pursuant to Section 7 will be mailed,
delivered or telegraphed and confirmed to such Underwriter.
11. SUCCESSORS. This Agreement will inure to the benefit of and be binding
upon the parties hereto and their respective successors and the officers and
directors and controlling persons referred to in Section 7, and no other person
will have any right or obligation hereunder.
12. REPRESENTATION OF UNDERWRITERS. The Representatives will act for the
several Underwriters in connection with this financing, and any action under
this Agreement taken by the Representatives jointly or by CSFBC will be binding
upon all the Underwriters.
13. COUNTERPARTS. This Agreement may be executed in any number of
counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, but all such
counterparts shall together constitute one and the same Agreement.
14. APPLICABLE LAW. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN
ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, WITHOUT REGARD TO PRINCIPLES
OF CONFLICTS OF LAWS.
The Company hereby submits to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the Federal
and state courts in the Borough of Manhattan in the City of New York in any suit
or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the transactions
contemplated hereby.
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If the foregoing is in accordance with the Representatives understanding of
our agreement, kindly sign and return to the Company one of the counterparts
hereof, whereupon it will become a binding agreement between the Company and the
several Underwriters in accordance with its terms.
Very truly yours,
LINEO, INC.
By
-------------------------------------
[INSERT TITLE]
The foregoing Underwriting Agreement is hereby
confirmed and accepted as of the date first
above written.
CREDIT SUISSE FIRST BOSTON CORPORATION
▇▇▇▇▇▇ BROTHERS, INC.
▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ INCORPORATED
WIT SOUNDVIEW CORPORATION
Acting on behalf of themselves and as the
Representatives of the several
Underwriters
By CREDIT SUISSE FIRST BOSTON CORPORATION
By
----------------------------------------
[INSERT TITLE]
20
SCHEDULE A
UNDERWRITER
NUMBER OF
FIRM SECURITIES
---------------
Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation......................................
▇▇▇▇▇▇ Brothers Inc.........................................................
▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Incorporated..........................................
Wit Soundview Corporation...................................................
-----------------
Total............................................
=================
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