EXHIBIT 1.2
Frontline Communications Corporation
1,500,000 Shares of Common Stock
1,500,000 Common Stock Purchase Warrants
AGREEMENT AMONG UNDERWRITERS
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__________, 1998
To each of the Underwriters named in Schedule I
to the attached Underwriting Agreement
Dear Sirs:
1. Underwriting Agreement. Frontline Communications Corporation (the
"Company"), proposes to enter into an underwriting agreement in the form of the
Underwriting Agreement attached hereto as Exhibit "A" (the "Underwriting
Agreement") with the underwriters named in Schedule I to the Underwriting
Agreement (the "Underwriters"), acting severally and not jointly, with respect
to the purchase from the Company of 1,500,000 Shares of Common Stock and
1,500,000 Warrants (collectively referred to as the "Securities"). Such
Securities are hereinafter sometimes referred to as the "Firm Securities." Upon
our request, and as provided in Section 3 of the Underwriting Agreement, the
Company will also issue and sell to the Underwriters up to a maximum of an
additional 225,000 Shares of Common Stock, and 225,000 Warrants. Such additional
Securities are hereinafter sometimes referred to as the "Optional Securities."
Both the Firm Securities and the Optional Securities are sometimes collectively
referred to herein as the "Securities." All of the Securities which are the
subject of this Agreement are more fully described in the Prospectus of the
Company described below. Under the terms of the Underwriting Agreement, each of
the Underwriters will agree, in accordance with the terms thereof to purchase
the aggregate number of Firm Securities set forth opposite its name in said
Schedule I, subject to adjustment pursuant to Section 12 hereof and Section 14
of the Underwriting Agreement.
2. Registration Statement and Prospectus. The Securities are described
in a registration statement and related prospectus which have been filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") under the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended (the "Act"). An amendment to such registration statement
has been or will be filed in which you have been or will be named as one of the
Underwriters of the Securities. Copies of the registration statement as filed
and as amended have been delivered to you, and you hereby authorize us to
approve on your behalf any further amendments or supplements which may be
necessary or appropriate. The registration statement, as amended at the time it
becomes effective, is called the "Registration Statement" and the
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final prospectus relating to the Securities as filed by the Company with the
Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Act is referred to as the
"Prospectus."
3. Authority of Representative. You authorize us as your Representative
to execute the Underwriting Agreement with the Company in the form attached with
such insertions, deletions or other changes as we may approve (but not as to the
number of, and price of, the Securities to be purchased by you except as
provided herein and therein) and to take such action as in our discretion we may
deem advisable in respect of all matters pertaining to the Underwriting
Agreement, this Agreement, the transactions for the accounts of the several
Underwriters contemplated thereby and hereby, and the purchase, carrying, sale
and distribution of the Securities.
4. Public Offering. In connection with the public offering of the
Securities, you authorize us, in our discretion:
(a) To determine the time and manner of the initial public
offering (after the Registration Statement become effective), the initial public
offering price, and the concessions and reallowances to dealers, to change the
public offering price and such concessions and reallowances after the initial
public offering, to furnish the Company with the information to be included in
the Registration Statement and the Prospectus (and any amendment or supplement
thereto) with respect to the terms of the public offering, and to determine all
matters relating to the public advertisement of the Securities and any
communications with dealers or others;
(b) To reserve all or any part of your Securities for sale to
retail purchasers (including institutions) and to dealers selected by us
("Selected Dealers") among which may be included any Underwriter (including
ourselves) and each of which shall be a member of the National Association of
Securities Dealers, Inc., and each of which shall agree that in making sales to
purchasers in the United States it will conform to the Rules of Fair Practice of
said Association (or, in the case of a foreign dealer not eligible for
membership in such Association, which shall agree not to reoffer, resell or
deliver Securities in the United States, its territories or its possessions, or
to persons whom it has reason to believe are citizens thereof or residents
therein), such reservations for sales to retail purchasers to be as nearly as
practicable in proportion to the respective underwriting obligations of the
Underwriters and such reservations for sales to Selected Dealers to be in such
proportion as we determine, and from time to time to add to the reserved
Securities such Securities retained by you remaining unsold and to release to
you any of your Securities reserved but not sold;
(c) To sell reserved Securities as nearly as practicable in
proportion to the respective reservations to retail purchasers at the public
offering price, and to Selected Dealers at the public offering price less the
Selected Dealer's concession pursuant to the Selected Dealers Agreement in
substantially the form attached; and
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(d) To buy Securities for your account from Selected Dealers
at the public offering price less such amount not in excess of the Selected
Dealer's concession as we may determine.
After advice from us that the Securities are released for public
offering, you will offer to the public in conformity with the terms of offering
set forth in the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement, such of your
Securities as we advise you are not reserved.
You recognize the importance of a broad distribution of the Securities
among bona fide investors and you agree to use your best efforts to obtain such
broad distribution and to that end, to the extent you deem practicable, to give
priority to small orders. In offering the Securities to Selected Dealers we will
take such action as we deem appropriate to effect a broad distribution.
5. Repurchase of Securities Not Effectively Placed for Investment. You
are requested to place for investment those of your Securities which are not
reserved as aforesaid. Any Securities sold by you (otherwise than through us)
which may be delivered to us against a purchase contract made by us for the
account of any Underwriter prior to termination of the provisions referred to in
Section 11 of this Agreement, shall be purchased by you upon demand from us at
the cost of such purchase plus brokerage commissions and transfer taxes on
redelivery. Securities delivered on such repurchase need not be identical to
those purchased by you. In lieu of demand repurchase by you we may in our
discretion (i) sell for your account the Securities so purchased by us, at such
price and upon such terms as we may determine, and debit or credit your account
with the loss and expense or net profit resulting from such sale, or (ii) charge
your account with an amount not in excess of the Selected Dealer's concession
with respect to such Securities plus brokerage commissions and transfer taxes
paid in connection with such purchase.
6. Payment and Delivery. We shall give you at least 24 hours prior
notice of the Closing Date. You agree to deliver to us at or before 9:00 a.m.,
New York City time, on such Closing Date and at or before 9:00 a.m. New York
City time, on the Additional Closing Date referred to in the Underwriting
Agreement if the Optional Securities are purchased, at the office of ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇
Securities, Inc., ▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ (or
such other office as we may direct), a certified check or bank cashier's check
payable in New York Clearing House funds to the order of ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ Securities,
Inc., as Representative, for the full purchase price of the Securities which you
shall have agreed to purchase from the Company less the concession to selected
dealers. If you are a member or clear through a member of the Depository Trust
Company ("DTC"), you may, in your discretion, deliver payment and receive
Securities through the facilities of DTC. The proceeds shall be delivered in the
amounts required in each case for payment of the full purchase price by us to
the Company against delivery of the Securities to us for your account. We are
authorized to accept that delivery and to give a receipt therefor. We may in our
discretion make such payment on your behalf with our own funds, in which event
you will reimburse us promptly upon request. You authorize us,
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as your custodian, to take delivery of your Securities, registered as we may
direct in order to facilitate deliveries. You also authorize us to hold for your
account such of your Securities as we have reserved for sale to retail
purchasers and to Selected Dealers, and to deliver your reserved Securities
against such sales. We will deliver your unreserved Securities to you promptly
and, after we receive payment for reserved Securities sold by us for your
account, we will remit to you, as promptly as practicable, an amount equal to
the price paid by you for such Securities. As soon as practicable after
termination of Sections 4, 5 and 9 and the first and penultimate sentences of
Section 8 of this Agreement (pursuant to Section 11 hereof) we will deliver to
you any of your Securities reserved but not sold. All Securities delivered to
you pursuant to this Section will be evidenced by certificates in such
denominations as you shall direct by written notice received by us not later
than the second full business day preceding the Closing Date.
7. Authority to Borrow. In connection with the purchase or carrying of
any Securities purchased hereunder for your account, you authorize us, in our
discretion, to advance funds for your account, charging current interest rates,
or to arrange loans for your account, and in connection therewith to execute and
deliver any notes or other instruments and hold or pledge as security any of
your Securities. Any lender may rely on our instructions in all matters relating
to any such loan. Any of your Securities held by us for your account may be
delivered to you for carrying purposes only, and subject to our further
direction.
8. Stabilization and Over-Allotment. To facilitate the distribution of
the Securities, you authorize us during the term of this Agreement, or for such
longer period as may be necessary in our discretion, to make purchases and sales
of the Securities for your account in the open market or otherwise, for long or
short account, on such terms as we deem advisable and, in arranging sales, to
over-allot. You also authorize us to cover any short position incurred pursuant
to this Section on such terms as we deem advisable. Included in the authority
granted to us by you is the authority to exercise the over-allotment option to
purchase the Optional Securities granted by Section 3 of the Underwriting
Agreement for our individual account and not as Representative. All such
purchases and sales (except for purchases and sales of the Optional Securities)
shall be made for the accounts of the several Underwriters as nearly as
practicable in proportion to their respective underwriting obligations. Your net
commitment under this Section shall not, at the end of any business day, exceed
15% of your maximum underwriting obligation. You will on our demand take up at
cost or deliver against payment any Securities purchased or sold for your
account and, if any such other Underwriter defaults in its corresponding
obligation, you will assume your proportionate share of such obligation without
relieving the defaulting Underwriter from liability. You will be obligated in
respect to purchases and sales made for your account hereunder whether or not
the proposed purchase of the Securities is consummated. Upon request you will
advise us of Securities retained by you and unsold and will sell to us for the
account of one or more of the Underwriters such of your unsold Securities as we
may designate, at the public offering price thereof less such amount as we may
determine, but not in excess of the Selected Dealer's concession with
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respect thereto. Until the termination of this Agreement pursuant to Section 11
hereof, or prior notification by us, we shall have the sole right to effect
stabilizing transactions in the Securities. You agree that until such time you
will not make any purchases or sales of any of such securities except as
provided in Section 9 hereof. You also agree to timely provide us with the
information required by Rule 17a-2(d) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
as amended (the "1934 Act").
9. Open Market Transactions. You agree not to bid for, purchase,
attempt to induce others to purchase, or sell, directly or indirectly, any
Securities, except as brokers pursuant to unsolicited orders and as otherwise
provided in this Agreement or in the Underwriting Agreement. You further agree
not to offer the Securities for sale until notified by us, as the Representative
of the Underwriters, that they are released for that purpose.
10. Expenses and Settlement. We may charge your account with Selected
Dealer's concessions and all transfer taxes on sales made by us for your account
and with your proportionate share (based upon your underwriting obligation) of
all other expenses incurred by us under the terms of this Agreement or the
Underwriting Agreement, in excess of those reimbursed by the Company pursuant to
Section 8 of the Underwriting Agreement, or in connection with the purchase,
carrying, sale or distribution of the Securities. Our determination of the
amount and allocation of expenses shall be conclusive. As soon as practicable
after termination of the provisions referred to in Section 11, the accounts
hereunder will be settled, but we may reserve from distribution such amount as
we deem advisable to cover possible additional expenses. We may at any time make
partial distribution of credit balances or call for payment of debit balances.
Any of your funds in our hands may be held with our general funds without
accountability for interest. Notwithstanding any settlement, you will pay (i)
your proportionate share (based upon your underwriting obligation) of any
liability which may be incurred by the Underwriters, or any of them, based on
the claim that the Underwriters constitute an association, partnership,
unincorporated business or other separate entity, and of any expenses incurred
by us, or by any other Underwriter with our approval, in contesting any such
liability, and (ii) any transfer taxes which may be assessed and paid after such
settlement on account of any sale or transfer for your account.
11. Termination and Settlement. This Agreement will terminate (a) at
the close of business on the 30th day after the date of the Underwriting
Agreement; or (b) on such earlier or later date, not more than 30 days after the
date specified in (a), as we may determine; or (c) on the date of termination of
the Underwriting Agreement, if the same shall be terminated as provided by its
terms.
Upon termination of this Agreement, all authorizations, rights and
obligations hereunder will cease, except (a) the mutual obligation to settle
accounts hereunder, (b) your obligation to pay any claims referred to in the
last paragraph of this Section, (c) the obligations with respect to indemnity
set forth in Section 15 hereof (all obligations of which
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will continue until fully discharged), and (d) your obligation with respect to
purchases which may be made by us from time to time thereafter to cover any
short position with respect to the offering, all of which will continue until
fully discharged, and except our authority with respect to matters to be
determined by us, or by us and the Company, pursuant to the terms of the
Underwriting Agreement, which will survive the termination of this Agreement.
The accounts arising pursuant to this Agreement will be settled and
paid as soon as practicable after termination. The determination by us of the
amounts to be paid to or by you will be final and conclusive.
Notwithstanding any settlement upon the termination of this Agreement,
you will pay your proportionate share of any amount asserted against and
discharged by the Underwriters, or any of them, based upon the claim that the
Underwriters constitute an association, unincorporated business or other
separate entity, or based upon or arising out of a claim that this Agreement or
the Underwriting Agreement is invalid or illegal for any reason, including any
expense incurred in defending against such claim, and will pay any transfer
taxes which may be assessed thereafter on account of any sale or transfer of
Securities for our account.
12. Default by Underwriters. Default by one or more Underwriters
hereunder or under the Underwriting Agreement shall not release the other
Underwriters from their obligations or affect the liability of any defaulting
Underwriter to the other Underwriters for damages resulting from such default.
In case of default under the Underwriting Agreement by one or more Underwriters,
we may arrange for the purchase by others, including non-defaulting
Underwriters, of Securities not taken up by such defaulting Underwriter and you
will, at our request, increase pro rata with the other non-defaulting
Underwriters the aggregate principal amount of Securities which you are to
purchase, or both, by an amount not exceeding one-ninth of your original
underwriting obligations. In the event any such arrangements are made, the
respective Securities to be purchased by non-defaulting Underwriters and by such
others shall be taken as the basis for the underwriting obligations under this
Agreement.
In the event of default by one or more Underwriters in respect of their
obligations under this Agreement, each non-defaulting Underwriter shall assume
its proportionate share of the obligations under this Agreement of each such
defaulting Underwriter (other than, to the extent stated in the first paragraph
of this Section, the purchase obligation of such defaulting Underwriter).
13. Position of Representative. We shall be under no liability to you
for any act or omission except for obligations expressly assumed by us in this
Agreement, but no obligation on our part shall be implied or inferred. Nothing
shall constitute the Underwriters, or any of them, an association, partnership,
unincorporated business or other separate entity and the rights and liability of
ourselves and each of the Underwriters are several and not joint.
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14. Compensation to Representative. As compensation for our services as
Representative, you agree to pay us $___ per share of Common Stock and/or $__
per Warrant out of the aggregate underwriting discount attributable to
Securities which you agree to purchase from the Company under the Underwriting
Agreement. We are authorized to charge your account with such an amount.
15. Indemnification. You will indemnify and hold harmless each other
Underwriter and each person, if any, who controls such Underwriter within the
meaning of Section 15 of the Act to the extent and upon the terms by which each
Underwriter agrees to indemnify the Company in the Underwriting Agreement. Such
indemnity agreement shall survive the termination of any of the provisions of
this Agreement.
In the event that at any time any claim shall be asserted against us as
or as a result of our having acted as Representative, or otherwise involving the
Underwriters generally, relating to the Registration Statement or any
preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus, as from time to time amended or
supplemented, the public offering of the Securities or any of the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement, you authorize us to make such investigation, to
retain such counsel and to take such other action as we shall deem necessary or
desirable under the circumstances, including settlement of any claim or claims
if such course of action shall be recommended by counsel retained by us. You
agree to pay to us, on request, your proportionate share (based upon your
underwriting obligation) of all expenses incurred by us (including, but not
limited to, the disbursements and fees of counsel so retained) in investigating
and defending against such claim or claims, and your proportionate share (based
upon your underwriting obligation) of any liability incurred by us in respect of
such claim or claims, whether such liability shall be the result of a judgment
against us or as a result of any such settlement.
16. Blue Sky Matters. We shall not have any responsibility with respect
to the right of any Underwriter or other person to sell Securities in any
jurisdiction, notwithstanding any information we may furnish in that connection.
You hereby authorize us to take such action as may be necessary or advisable to
qualify the Securities for offering and sale in any jurisdiction. We have caused
to be filed Further State Notices respecting the Securities to be offered to the
public in New York in the form required by, and pursuant to, the provisions of
Article 23A of the General Business Law of the State of New York.
17. Title to Securities. The Securities purchased for the respective
accounts of the several Underwriters shall remain the property of those
Underwriters until sold; and no title to such securities shall in any event pass
to us, as Representative, by virtue of any of the provisions of this Agreement.
18. Capital Requirements. Unless the provisions of clause (b) of the
second sentence of the last paragraph of this Agreement are applicable to you,
you confirm that
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your commitment hereunder will not result in any violation of Section 8(b) or
15(c) of the 1934 Act or in any violation of any of the rules and regulations
promulgated under the 1934 Act, including, without limitation, Rule 15c3-1, or
any provision of any applicable rules of any securities exchange to which you
are subject or of any restriction imposed upon you by such exchange.
19. Notices and Governing Laws. Any notice from you to us shall be
mailed or transmitted by any standard form of written telecommunication to us at
▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇. Any notice from us
to you shall be mailed or transmitted by any standard from of written
telecommunication to you at your address as set forth in your Underwriter's
Questionnaire. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance
with the laws of the State of New York.
We represent that we are a member in good standing of the National
Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. You represent that you are (a) a member
in good standing of such Association or (b) a foreign dealer which is not
eligible for membership in such Association, in which event you will make sales
of any Securities only outside the United States and its territories and
possessions to persons who are not citizens or residents of the United States or
its territories or possessions, and that in making any such sales, you will
comply with such Association's Interpretation with respect to Free-Riding and
Withholding. You further represent that: (i) you will notify each of your
customers with respect to whose account you have investment discretion and to
whose account you intend to sell any Securities that you propose to sell
Securities to such account as a principal and you will obtain the customer's
written consent to such sale; and (ii) you will comply with the requirements of
Rule 15c2-8 under the 1934 Act and have distributed or are distributing copies
of a Preliminary Prospectus to all persons to whom you then expected to mail
confirmations of sale, not less than 48 hours prior to the time it is expected
to mail such confirmations.
Very truly yours,
▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ SECURITIES, INC.
By:_______________________________________
As Representative of the several
Underwriters
Confirmed and accepted as of
the date first above written.
___________________________________
Attorney-in-fact for the several
Underwriters named in Schedule I
to the Underwriting Agreement
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