AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTMENT AGREEMENT between UNITED ENERGY GROUP LIMITED and TRANSMERIDIAN EXPLORATION INCORPORATED Dated as of June 11, 2008 and Amended and Restated as of September 22, 2008

a corporation

Exhibit 2.1

EXECUTION VERSION

AMENDED AND RESTATED

INVESTMENT AGREEMENT

between

UNITED ENERGY GROUP LIMITED

and

TRANSMERIDIAN EXPLORATION INCORPORATED

Dated as of June 11, 2008 and Amended and Restated as of September 22, 2008

TABLE OF CONTENTS


				Page
ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS

SECTION 1.01 Definitions				A-2

ARTICLE II
THE TENDER OFFER

SECTION 2.01 The Tender Offer				A-12
SECTION 2.02 Company Action				A-13

ARTICLE III
THE EXCHANGE OFFER AND NOTE CONSENT SOLICITATION

SECTION 3.01 The Exchange Offer and Note Consent Solicitation				A-13

ARTICLE IV
ISSUANCE OF NEW PREFERRED STOCK, COMMON STOCK AND WARRANTS

SECTION 4.01 Issuance of New Preferred Stock				A-16
SECTION 4.02 Issuance of Common Stock				A-16
SECTION 4.03 Issuance of Warrants				A-17
SECTION 4.04 Issuance of Additional Common Stock and Warrants				A-17
SECTION 4.05 Closing of the Swap				A-18
SECTION 4.06 Closing Deliveries by the Company				A-18
SECTION 4.07 Closing Deliveries by Purchaser				A-19
SECTION 4.08 Escrow				A-19

ARTICLE V
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY

SECTION 5.01 Organization and Qualification; Subsidiaries				A-19
SECTION 5.02 Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws				A-20
SECTION 5.03 Capitalization				A-20
SECTION 5.04 Authority Relative to the Transaction Agreements				A-21
SECTION 5.05 No Conflict; Required Filings and Consents				A-21
SECTION 5.06 Permits; Compliance				A-22
SECTION 5.07 SEC Filings; Financial Statements				A-22
SECTION 5.08 Absence of Certain Changes or Events				A-24
SECTION 5.09 Absence of Litigation				A-24
SECTION 5.10 Employee Benefit Plans				A-25
SECTION 5.11 Labor and Employment Matters				A-27
SECTION 5.12 Offer Documents; Proxy Statement and Registration Statement				A-27
SECTION 5.13 Real Property; Title to Assets				A-28
SECTION 5.14 Intellectual Property				A-29
SECTION 5.15 Taxes				A-30
SECTION 5.16 Environmental Matters				A-30
SECTION 5.17 Material Contracts				A-31
SECTION 5.18 Insurance				A-32
SECTION 5.19 Certain Business Practices				A-33

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				Page
SECTION 5.20 Interested Party Transactions				A-33
SECTION 5.21 Reserve Reports				A-33
SECTION 5.22 Hedging				A-34
SECTION 5.23 Assets				A-34
SECTION 5.24 Oil and Gas Operations				A-34
SECTION 5.25 S-3 Registration Statements				A-35
SECTION 5.26 Additional Returns				A-35
SECTION 5.27 Company Action				A-35
SECTION 5.28 Brokers				A-35

ARTICLE VI
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF PURCHASER

SECTION 6.01 Corporate Organization				A-36
SECTION 6.02 Authority Relative to the Transaction Agreements				A-36
SECTION 6.03 No Conflict; Required Filings and Consents				A-36
SECTION 6.04 Financing				A-36
SECTION 6.05 Offer Documents; Proxy Statement				A-37
SECTION 6.06 Brokers				A-37
SECTION 6.07 Investment Status				A-37

ARTICLE VII
ADDITIONAL AGREEMENTS

SECTION 7.01 Conduct of Business				A-37
SECTION 7.02 Common Stockholders Meeting and Written Consent of Preferred Stockholders				A-39
SECTION 7.03 Filing of Proxy Statement; Registration Statement				A-40
SECTION 7.04 Access to Information; Confidentiality				A-40
SECTION 7.05 No Solicitation of Transactions				A-40
SECTION 7.06 Notification of Certain Matters				A-41
SECTION 7.07 Regulatory and Other Authorizations; Notices and Consents				A-42
SECTION 7.08 Subsequent Financial Statements				A-42
SECTION 7.09 Public Announcements				A-42
SECTION 7.10 General Release from Initial Investors of Junior Preferred Stock				A-42
SECTION 7.11 Existing Warrants				A-43
SECTION 7.12 Use of Proceeds				A-43
SECTION 7.13 AMEX Listing				A-43
SECTION 7.14 Cancellation of Preferred Shares				A-43
SECTION 7.15 Registration Statement				A-43
SECTION 7.16 Redemption of Remaining Preferred Stock				A-44
SECTION 7.17 Withholding Rights				A-44
SECTION 7.18 Alternative Transaction Structures				A-44
SECTION 7.19 Employment Agreements				A-44
SECTION 7.20 Pre-Closing Funding				A-44
SECTION 7.21 Cancellation of Notes				A-45

ARTICLE VIII
CONDITIONS TO THE SWAP CLOSING

SECTION 8.01 Conditions to Obligations of the Company				A-45
SECTION 8.02 Conditions to Obligations of Purchaser				A-45

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				Page

ARTICLE IX
INDEMNIFICATION

SECTION 9.01 Survival of Representations and Warranties				A-45
SECTION 9.02 Indemnification by the Company				A-46
SECTION 9.03 Indemnification by Purchaser				A-46
SECTION 9.04 Limits on Indemnification				A-47
SECTION 9.05 Notice of Loss; Third Party Claims				A-47
SECTION 9.06 Payment in Common Stock				A-47

ARTICLE X
TERMINATION, AMENDMENT AND WAIVER

SECTION 10.01 Termination				A-48
SECTION 10.02 Effect of Termination				A-49
SECTION 10.03 Fees and Expenses				A-49
SECTION 10.04 Amendment				A-50
SECTION 10.05 Waiver				A-50

ARTICLE XI
GENERAL PROVISIONS

SECTION 11.01 Notices				A-51
SECTION 11.02 Severability				A-51
SECTION 11.03 Entire Agreement; Assignment				A-51
SECTION 11.04 Parties in Interest and Assignment				A-52
SECTION 11.05 Specific Performance				A-52
SECTION 11.06 Governing Law				A-52
SECTION 11.07 Headings				A-52
SECTION 11.08 Counterparts				A-52
SECTION 11.09 Waiver of Jury Trial				A-52
SECTION 11.10 Effective Date				A-52



Annex A	List of Key Senior Preferred Stockholders	A-54

Annex B	List of Key Junior Preferred Stockholders	A-55

Annex C	Letter Agreement with ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇	A-56

Annex D	Conditions to the Tender Offer	A-58

Annex E	Proposed Terms and Conditions of the Exchange Offer	A-60

Annex F	Disclosure Schedule	A-63

Exhibit 1.01	Initial Investors of Junior Preferred Stock and Additional Returns

Exhibit 4.01(d)(i)	Certificate of Designations of Series B-1 Preferred Stock

Exhibit 4.01(d)(ii)	Certificate of Designations of Series B-2 Preferred Stock

Exhibit 4.03(a)	Form of Mandatory Warrants

Exhibit 4.03(b)	Form of Optional Warrants

Exhibit 4.04(a)(ii)	Form of $0.60 Additional Warrants

Exhibit 4.04(a)(iii)	Form of $1.20 Additional Warrants

Exhibit 4.06(i)	Amended and Restated By-laws

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Exhibit 4.08		Form of Escrow Agreement

Exhibit 7.01		Approved Conduct between Signing and Swap Closing

Exhibit 7.02(a)(i)		Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation

Exhibit 7.02(a)(iii)		Amendment to the Certificate of Designations of the Senior Preferred Stock

Exhibit 7.02(a)(iv)		Amendment to the Certificate of Designations of the Junior Preferred Stock

Exhibit 7.10		Form of Release Letter

Exhibit 7.12		Capital Requirements Schedule

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AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTMENT AGREEMENT, dated as of June 11, 2008 and amended and restated as of September 22, 2008 (this “Agreement”), between United Energy Group Limited, an exempted company with limited liability existing under the laws of Bermuda (“Purchaser”), and Transmeridian Exploration Incorporated, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”).

WHEREAS, the Company and Purchaser entered into an Investment Agreement on June 11, 2008, as amended by the Letter Agreement dated July 22, 2008 (together, the “Prior Agreements”), and desire to amend and restate the Prior Agreements in their entirety by and as set forth in this Agreement, to be effective as of June 11, 2008 (the “Effective Date”);

WHEREAS, the Boards of Directors of Purchaser and the Company have each determined that it is in the best interests of their respective stockholders to restructure the Company’s ownership and capital structure through a series of transactions as contemplated in this Agreement and the Ancillary Documents (as defined below);

WHEREAS, Purchaser and each of the Persons (as defined below) listed on Annex A (the “Key Senior Preferred Stockholders”) have entered into a Rollover Agreement or a Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 11, 2008 (collectively, the “Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements”), pursuant to which Purchaser has agreed to purchase from each of the Key Senior Preferred Stockholders, and each Key Senior Preferred Stockholder has agreed to sell to Purchaser, all of the shares of 15% senior redeemable convertible preferred stock, par value US$0.0006 per share, of the Company (the “Senior Preferred Stock”) owned of record and beneficially by such Key Senior Preferred Stockholder in exchange for (a) the convertible bonds issued by Purchaser (the “Purchaser Convertible Bonds”), (b) US$76 per share in cash or (c) a combination of US$76 per share in cash and the Purchaser Convertible Bonds, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the respective Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement (collectively, the “Rollover Transactions”);

WHEREAS, Purchaser and the Persons listed on Annex B (the “Key Junior Preferred Stockholders”) have entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 11, 2008 (the “Junior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement”), pursuant to which Purchaser has agreed to purchase from each of the Key Junior Preferred Stockholders, and each Key Junior Preferred Stockholder has agreed to sell to Purchaser, all of the shares of 20% junior redeemable convertible preferred stock, par value US$0.0006 per share, of the Company (the “Junior Preferred Stock”; together with the Senior Preferred Stock, the “Preferred Stock”) owned of record and beneficially by such Key Junior Preferred Stockholder at a price of US$76 per share in cash or a combination of cash and Common Stock (as defined below), upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Junior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement (collectively, the “Sale and Purchase Transactions”);

WHEREAS, on August 4, 2008, Purchaser commenced a tender offer (the “Tender Offer”) to acquire (a) all outstanding shares of the Senior Preferred Stock that are not owned by the Key Senior Preferred Stockholders (the “Remaining Shares of Senior Preferred Stock”) for US$76 in cash per share, and (b) all outstanding shares of the Junior Preferred Stock that are not owned by the Key Junior Preferred Stockholders (the “Remaining Shares of Junior Preferred Stock”) for US$76 in cash per share, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Prior Agreements, as amended and restated in this Agreement;

WHEREAS, on July 23, 2008, the Company and the 12% Senior Notes Issuer (as defined below) (a) commenced an offer to exchange New Senior Notes (as defined below) and the 12% Senior Notes Cash Payments (as defined below) for the 12% Senior Notes (as defined below) and (b) concurrently with the exchange offer, are soliciting consents from holders of the 12% Senior Notes to adopt certain amendments to the Indenture (as defined below), in each case upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Prior Agreements, as amended and restated in this Agreement (such exchange offer and consent solicitation being collectively referred to herein as the “Exchange Offer” and, together with the Tender Offer, the “Offers”);

WHEREAS, upon the consummation of the Offers, the Rollover Transactions, and the Sale and Purchase Transactions, the Company intends to issue to Purchaser, (a)(i) 1,512,158 shares (the “First Tranche Shares”) of

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series B-1 redeemable convertible preferred stock, par value US$0.0006 per share, of the Company (the “Series B-1 Preferred Stock”); (ii) 622,897 shares of series B-2 redeemable convertible preferred stock, par value US$0.0006 per share, of the Company (the “Series B-2 Preferred Stock”) and (iii) the Mandatory Warrants (as defined below) and the Optional Warrants (as defined below) in exchange for (A) the Preferred Stock tendered and purchased pursuant to the Tender Offer; (B) the Senior Preferred Stock purchased by Purchaser pursuant to the Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements; (C) the Junior Preferred Stock purchased by Purchaser pursuant to the Junior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement; (D) the First Tranche Price (as defined below); (E) the Second Tranche Price (as defined below) and (F) the Additional Returns (as defined below); and (b) a number of shares of Common Stock to be determined pursuant to Section 4.04 hereof and the Additional Warrants (as defined below) in exchange for (x) the 12% Senior Notes and the New Senior Notes then held by Purchaser or any of its Affiliates and (y) that portion of the 12% Senior Notes Cash Payments (as defined below) funded by Purchaser, in each case upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein (collectively, the “Swap”);

WHEREAS, promptly after the Swap Closing, the Company intends to issue to Purchaser a number of shares of Common Stock to be determined pursuant to Section 4.04 hereof in exchange for that portion of the Senior Notes Repurchase Payment (as defined below) or New Senior Notes Redemption Payment (as defined below) funded by Purchaser, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein (together with the Swap, the Rollover Transactions, the Sale and Purchase Transactions and the Offers, the “Transactions”);

WHEREAS, the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) has unanimously approved this Agreement and the Ancillary Documents to which the Company or any Subsidiary (as defined below) is a party, declared their advisability and approved the Transactions in accordance with the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”) and other applicable Law and has recommended to the holders of the Preferred Stock that they tender their shares pursuant to the Tender Offer and the holders of the 12% Senior Notes that they tender their 12% Senior Notes for exchange pursuant to the Exchange Offer;

WHEREAS, the Board of Directors of Purchaser has approved this Agreement and the Ancillary Documents and declared their advisability and approved the Transactions; and

WHEREAS, ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ and the Company have entered into that certain Letter Agreement attached hereto as Annex C, which amends the Executive Employment Agreement entered into by and between ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ and the Company on January 10, 2007 and will become effective as of the Closing Date (as defined below).

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the mutual covenants and agreements herein contained, and intending to be legally bound hereby, Purchaser and the Company hereby agree as follows:

ARTICLE I

DEFINITIONS

SECTION 1.01 Definitions. (a) For purposes of this Agreement:

“12% Senior Notes” means the outstanding 12% senior secured notes due 2010 issued by the 12% Senior Notes Issuer and guaranteed by the Company and certain of the Company’s other subsidiaries pursuant to the Indenture.

“12% Senior Notes Cash Payments” means the cash payments to be made to the holders of the 12% Senior Notes tendered for exchange and accepted in the Exchange Offer.

“12% Senior Notes Issuer” means Transmeridian Exploration Inc., a British Virgin Islands company and a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company.

“Additional Return Agreements” means (a) the 20% Junior Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Additional Return Agreement dated June 18, 2007 among the Company, Kenmont Special Opportunities

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Master Fund, L.P. and other investors and (b) the 20% Junior Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Additional Return Agreement dated June 26, 2007 among the Company, Capital Ventures International and others investors.

“Additional Returns” means the amount to be paid by Purchaser to the Initial Investors of Junior Preferred Stock provided in Exhibit 1.01 attached hereto, except as otherwise provided in the Junior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement.

“Affiliate” of a specified Person means a Person who, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, such specified Person.

“Ancillary Documents” means the Investor Rights Agreement, Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements, Junior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement, the Irrevocable Proxy Agreement, the Escrow Agreement, the Certificate of Designations of Series B-1 Preferred Stock, the Certificate of Designations of Series B-2 Preferred Stock, the New Indenture, the Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation, the Amended and Restated By-laws, the Amendment to the Certificate of Designations of the Senior Preferred Stock, the Amendment to the Certificate of Designations of the Junior Preferred Stock, the Warrants, the Purchaser Convertible Bonds and the instrument creating the Purchaser Convertible Bonds, in each case as may be amended from time to time.

“Anti-trust Laws” means any applicable Law regulating antitrust, competition or merger control matters, including, without limitation, the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan On Competition and Limitation of Monopolistic Activities dated January 19, 2001 and the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan On Competition and Limitation of Monopolistic Activities subsequently adopted in 2006 and Russian Federal law 26.07.2006 No. 135-FZ “On Protection of Competition”, to the extent applicable.

“Article 71 Waiver” means one or more written notifications from MEMR waiving Kazakhstan government’s pre-emptive right under Article 71 of the Subsoil Use Law or confirming that Kazakhstan government will not exercise its pre-emptive right in respect of the Transactions or consenting to the Transactions.

“beneficial owner” or “beneficially own”, with respect to any shares of the Company, has the meaning ascribed to such term under Rule 13d-3(a) of the Exchange Act.

“Business Day” means any day on which the principal offices of the SEC in Washington, D.C. are open to accept filings, or, in the case of determining a date when any payment is due, any day (other than a Saturday or Sunday) on which banks are not required or authorized to close in Hong Kong and New York.

“Certificates of Designations of the Preferred Stock” means the Certificate of Designations of the Senior Preferred Stock and the Certificate of Designations of the Junior Preferred Stock.

“Closing Date” means the date of the Swap Closing.

“Common Stock” means the common stock, par value US$0.0006 per share, of the Company.

“Company Licensed Intellectual Property” means each item of Intellectual Property licensed to the Company or a Subsidiary pursuant to a License.

“Company Owned Intellectual Property” means Intellectual Property owned by the Company or a Subsidiary.

“Company Software” means Software (a) material to the operation of the business of the Company or a Subsidiary, including all computer software and databases operated by the Company or a Subsidiary on its web sites or used by the Company or a Subsidiary in connection with processing customer orders, storing customer information, or storing or archiving data and (b) owned, manufactured, distributed, sold, licensed or marketed by the Company or any Subsidiary.

“Company Stock Plans” means (a) the 2006 Incentive Plan of the Company and (b) the Amended and Restated 2003 Stock Compensation Plan of the Company.

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“Competing Transaction” means any of the following (other than the Transactions): (a) any merger, consolidation, share exchange, business combination, recapitalization, liquidation, dissolution or other similar transaction involving the Company or any Subsidiary; (b) any sale, lease, exchange, transfer or other disposition of a material part of the assets of the Company or of any Subsidiary; (c) any sale, exchange, transfer or other disposition of 15% or more of any class or series of equity securities of the Company or of any Subsidiary; (d) any tender offer or exchange offer that, if consummated, would result in any Person beneficially owning 15% or more of any class or series of equity securities of the Company or of any Subsidiary; (e) any solicitation in opposition to approval and adoption of this Agreement by the Company’s stockholders; or (f) any other similar transaction the consummation of which would reasonably be expected to impede, interfere with, prevent or materially delay any of the Transactions.

“control” (including the terms “controlled by” and “under common control with”) means the possession, directly or indirectly, or as trustee or executor, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, as trustee or executor, by contract or credit arrangement or otherwise.

“Data Room” means the electronic data room established by the Company for the purposes of Purchaser undertaking due diligence in connection with the Transactions accessible to Purchaser via ▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇ from April 3, 2008 to June 11, 2008.

“Determination Date” means (a) the date of the written agreement between the parties hereto with respect to the amount of (i) the indemnifiable Losses payable to the Purchaser Indemnified Party or (ii) the Unpaid Fees payable to Purchaser, as the case may be, or (b) the date of the applicable court order under Section 11.06 (prior to any appeal thereof) with respect to the amount of (i) the indemnifiable Losses payable to the Purchaser Indemnified Party hereunder or (ii) the Unpaid Fees payable to Purchaser, as the case may be.

“Disclosure Schedule” means the Disclosure Schedule attached hereto as Annex F, dated as of the Effective Date, delivered by the Company to Purchaser in connection with this Agreement.

“Environmental Claims” means any and all actions, suits, demands, demand letters, claims, liens, notices of noncompliance or violation, notices of liability or potential liability, investigations, proceedings, consent orders or consent agreements relating in any way to any Environmental Law, any Environmental Permit or any Hazardous Substances.

“Environmental Laws” means any United States or non-United States federal, state, common, provincial, municipal or local laws statutes regulations, rules, codes, orders or requirements relating to (a) Releases or threatened Releases of Hazardous Substances or materials containing Hazardous Substances; (b) the manufacture, handling, transport, use, treatment, exposure to, storage or disposal of Hazardous Substances or materials containing Hazardous Substances; (c) pollution or protection of the environment, health, safety or Natural Resources; or (d) gas flaring.

“Environmental Permit” means any permit, approval, identification number, license or other authorization required under any applicable Environmental Law.

“Escrow Account” means the bank account established by the Escrow Agent for the purpose of holding the Escrow Funds (as defined in the Escrow Agreement).

“Escrow Agent” means a reputable international bank jointly designated by the Company and Purchaser.

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and all rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

“Exchange Approvals” means (a) any consent, approval, waiver or confirmation under the AMEX rules or otherwise required by AMEX officials, including, without limitation, the AMEX Listing Approval; and (b) any consent, approval (including approval for the listing of shares in the capital of Purchaser issuable upon the conversion of the Purchaser Convertible Bonds), waiver or confirmation under the HKSE Listing Rules or otherwise required by the HKSE officials, in connection with the Transactions.

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“Exchange Offer Minimum Condition” means at least 90% of the outstanding principal amount of the 12% Senior Notes, excluding US$43,159,000 aggregate principal amount of 12% Senior Notes held by Purchaser, validly tendered and not withdrawn pursuant to the Exchange Offer.

“Existing Warrants” means the warrants issued by the Company pursuant to (a) the Convertible Promissory Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 30, 2005, by and among the Company, North Sound Legacy Institutional Fund LLC, North Sound Legacy International, Ltd., and Royal Bank of Canada; (b) the Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated December 1, 2006, by and between the Company and ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ & Company, Inc.; (c) the Common Stock Purchase Warrant dated as of July 9, 2007, by and between the Company and ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ & Company, Inc.; (d) the Warrant Purchase Agreement, dated as of March 15, 2007, by and among the Company, North Sound Legacy International Ltd and North Sound Legacy Institutional Fund LLC; (e) the Preferred Stock and Warrant Purchase Agreement, dated November 12, 2004, by and between the Company and each of the purchasers party thereto; (f) Warrant Agreement, dated as of December 12, 2005 by and between the Company and The Bank of New York; (g) Allonge to Common Stock Purchase Warrant (Warrant No. NS2007-1), in favor of North Sound Legacy Institutional Fund LLC, dated May 30, 2007; and (h) Allonge to Common Stock Purchase Warrant (Warrant No. NS2007-2), in favor of North Sound Legacy International Ltd., dated May 30, 2007.

“Exon-▇▇▇▇▇▇ Provisions” means the provisions of Section 721 of Title VII of the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended, and the regulations promulgated thereunder.

“Fair Market Value” means the price that would be negotiated in an arm’s-length transaction for cash between a willing seller and a willing buyer, neither of which is under any compulsion to complete the transaction, as such price is determined by an accounting, appraisal or investment banking firm of national standing jointly appointed by the Company and Purchaser.

“First Tranche Price” means an amount equal to the difference between (a) US$151,215,804 and (b) the aggregate of (i) the Total Preferred Stock Value and (ii) the Additional Returns.

“Governmental Authority” means any United States or non-United States federal, state or local or government, governmental, regulatory or administrative authority, agency or commission or any court, tribunal, or judicial or arbitral body.

“Hazardous Substance” means any contaminant, substance, dangerous goods or pollutant or any other substance that when released to the natural environment is reasonably likely to cause, at some immediate or future time, harm or material degradation to the natural environment or risk to human health, including, without limitation: (a) any petrochemical or petroleum products, by-products or breakdown products, radioactive materials, asbestos in any form that is or could become friable, transformers or other equipment that contains dielectric fluid containing polychlorinated biphenyls, mold and radon gas; (b) any chemicals, materials or substances defined as or included in the definition of “hazardous substances”, “hazardous wastes”, “hazardous materials”, “restricted hazardous materials”, “extremely hazardous substances”, “toxic substances”, “contaminants” or “pollutants” or words of similar meaning and regulatory effect or (c) any other chemical, material or substance, exposure to which is prohibited, limited, or regulated by any applicable Environmental Law.

“Hedge” means a derivative transaction within the coverage of SFAS No. 133, including any swap transaction, option, warrants, forward purchase or sale transaction, futures transaction, cap transaction, floor transaction or collar transaction relating to one or more currencies, commodities, bonds, equity securities, loans, interest rates, credit-related events or conditions or any indexes, or any other similar transaction (including any option with respect to any of these transactions) or combination of any of these transactions, including collateralized mortgage obligations or other similar instruments or any debt or equity instruments evidencing or embedding any such types of transactions, and any related credit support, collateral, transportation or other similar arrangements related to such transactions.

“HKSE” means The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited.

“HKSE Listing Rules” means the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on the Main Board of HKSE.

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“Hydrocarbon Contract” means any Hydrocarbon production sharing contract, lease or license, permit or other similar agreement or right permitting the Company or any Subsidiary to explore for, develop, use, produce, sever, process, operate and occupy Hydrocarbon interests and associated fixtures or structures for a specified period of time, including any farm-out or farm-in agreement, operating agreement, unit agreement, pooling or communitization agreement, declaration or order, joint venture, option or acquisition agreement, any oil and gas production, sales, marketing, transportation, exchange and processing contract and agreement, or any other contract affecting the ownership or operation of properties held for exploration or production of Hydrocarbons, or the disposition of the Hydrocarbons produced therefrom, in each case to which the Company or any of the Subsidiaries is a party.

“Hydrocarbons” means, with respect to any Person, crude oil, natural gas, casinghead gas, condensate, sulphur, natural gas liquids, plant products and other liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons produced in association therewith (including coalbed gas and carbon dioxide), and all other minerals of every kind and character which may be covered by or included in or attributable to any of the properties of such Person or any of such Person’s Subsidiaries.

“Indemnified Party” means a Purchaser Indemnified Party or a Company Indemnified Party, as the case may be.

“Indemnifying Party” means the Company pursuant to Section 9.02 and Purchaser pursuant to Section 9.03, as the case may be.

“Indenture” means the Indenture in respect of the 12% Senior Notes, dated as of December 12, 2005, among the 12% Senior Notes Issuer, the Company and certain of the Company’s other Subsidiaries, as guarantors, and the Indenture Trustee, as supplemented by the First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of December 22, 2005, and the Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 24, 2006. The term “Indenture” shall also be deemed to mean the security documents evidencing the pledge of collateral securing the 12% Senior Notes.

“Indenture Trustee” means The Bank of New York, trustee under the Indenture and the anticipated trustee under the New Indenture.

“Initial Investors of Junior Preferred Stock” means the initial purchasers of the Junior Preferred Stock listed in Exhibit 1.01 attached hereto.

“Intellectual Property” means (a) United States and non-United States patents, patent applications and invention registrations of any type; (b) trademarks, service marks, domain names, trade dress, logos, trade names, corporate names and other source identifiers, and registrations and applications for registration thereof; (c) copyrightable works, copyrights, and registrations and applications for registration thereof; (d) Software; (e) confidential and proprietary information, including trade secrets and know-how and (f) rights of privacy, publicity and endorsement, and all other rights associated therewith in any jurisdiction.

“Investor Rights Agreement” means the investor rights agreement, dated as of June 11, 2008 and amended and restated as of September 22, 2008, between the Company and Purchaser, which shall become effective as of the Swap Closing in accordance with the terms thereof, as may be amended from time to time.

“Irrevocable Proxy Agreement” means the Stockholder Support and Irrevocable Proxy Agreement, dated as of September 22, 2008, between ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ and Purchaser, pursuant to which ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ granted Purchaser an irrevocable proxy with respect to the shares of Common Stock owned by ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.

“knowledge of the Company” means the knowledge of any director or officer of the Company and in the case of an officer, after the exercise of reasonable investigation.

“Law” means any United States or non-United States federal, national, supranational, state, provincial, local or similar statute, law, ordinance, regulation, rule, code, order, requirement or rule of law (including common law).

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“Licenses” mean (a) licenses of Intellectual Property by the Company or a Subsidiary to third parties; (b) licenses of Intellectual Property by third parties to the Company or a Subsidiary; and (c) agreements between the Company or a Subsidiary and third parties relating to the development or use of Intellectual Property or the development or transmission of data.

“Material Adverse Effect” means, when used in connection with the Company or any Subsidiary, any event, circumstance, change or effect that, individually or in the aggregate with any other events, circumstances, changes and effects occurring after the Effective Date, is or is likely to be materially adverse to (a) the business, condition (financial or otherwise), assets, liabilities, prospects or results of operations of the Company and the Subsidiaries taken as a whole or (b) the ability of the Company to consummate the Transactions, it being understood that none of the following alone or in combination shall be deemed, in and of itself, to constitute a Material Adverse Effect: (i) changes attributable to the public announcement or pendency of the Transactions or compliance with this Agreement, (ii) changes in general United States or foreign economic, financial or geopolitical conditions, (iii) changes in applicable Law or GAAP, (iv) changes in interest rates, (v) events, circumstances, changes or effects affecting the securities markets generally, (vi) changes in the Company’s and the Subsidiaries’ industries in general, or (vii) military conflicts or acts of foreign or domestic terrorism; provided, however, that (A) any change, effect, development, event or occurrence described in each of clauses (iii) and (vi) above shall not constitute or give rise to a Material Adverse Effect only if and to the extent that such change, effect, development, event or occurrence does not specifically relate to the Company or the Subsidiaries and does not have a disproportionate effect on the Company and the Subsidiaries relative to other companies in the oil and gas industry and (B) none of the clauses (i) through (vii) above shall in any way limit the scope or application of the conditions to the Tender Offer or the Exchange Offer specified in Annex D or in the caption “—Conditions to the Exchange Offer” of Annex E respectively, or Purchaser’s ability to rely on or invoke any such conditions, except to the extent the term “Material Adverse Effect” as defined is used therein.

“MEMR” means the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

“Natural Resources” means land, fish, wildlife, biota, air, water, ground water, drinking water supplies, and other such resources.

“New Indenture” means the indenture, to be dated as of the date of its execution, by and among the 12% Senior Notes Issuer, the Company and those Subsidiaries (as defined below) who guarantee the 12% Senior Notes, respectively, as guarantors, and the Indenture Trustee, pursuant to which the New Senior Notes are expected to be issued. The term “New Indenture” shall also be deemed to mean the security documents evidencing the pledge of collateral securing the New Senior Notes.

“New Preferred Stock” means the Series B-1 Preferred Stock and the Series B-2 Preferred Stock.

“New Senior Notes” means the new senior secured notes of the 12% Senior Notes Issuer proposed to be issued pursuant to the Exchange Offer, to be fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Company and those of the Subsidiaries who guarantee the 12% Senior Notes, respectively, and whose terms, conditions and covenants shall be as provided in the New Indenture and which shall be reasonably satisfactory to Purchaser and shall include such terms, conditions and covenants as Purchaser shall deem desirable or necessary to effect the Transactions (which shall carve-out any change of control that would result from the consummation of the Transactions).

“Offer Documents” means the Tender Offer Documents and the Exchange Offer Documents.

“Oil and Gas Interests” means (a) interests in, and rights to, the following oil and gas properties: (i) 100% working interest in South Alibek Field, Kazakhstan under a 57.1 Km 2 subsoil use license (License 1557) and (ii) the 50% working interest in Gasha Field, Dagestan, Russia under a 71.6 Km 2 subsoil use license, (b) Hydrocarbons and other minerals or revenues therefrom, all contracts in connection therewith and claims and rights thereto (including all oil and gas leases, operating agreements, unitization and pooling agreements and orders, division orders, transfer orders, mineral deeds, royalty deeds, oil and gas sales, exchange and processing contracts and agreements, agreements on transfer of geological information, and in

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each case, interests thereunder), surface interests, fee interests, reversionary interests, reservations, and concessions and (c) all easements, rights of way, licenses, permits, leases, and other interests associated with, appurtenant to, or necessary for the operation of any of the foregoing; and all interests in equipment and machinery (including ▇▇▇▇▇, well equipment and machinery), oil and gas production, gathering, transmission, treating, processing and storage facilities (including tanks, tank batteries, pipelines, and gathering systems), pumps, water plants, electric plants, gasoline and gas processing plants, refineries, and other tangible personal property and fixtures associated with, appurtenant to, or necessary for the operation of any of the foregoing.

“Person” means an individual, corporation, partnership, limited partnership, limited liability company, syndicate, person (including, without limitation, a “person” as defined in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act), trust, association or entity or government, political subdivision, agency or instrumentality of a government.

“PRC” means the People’s Republic of China, including Hong Kong.

“Purchaser Shareholders Approval” means the requisite approval of the Transactions and the Transaction Agreements by the shareholders of Purchaser.

“Release” means disposing, discharging, injecting, spilling, leaking, leaching, dumping, emitting, escaping, emptying, seeping, placing and the like into or upon any land or water or air or otherwise entering into the environment.

“Remaining Shares of the Preferred Stock” means the Remaining Shares of Senior Preferred Stock and the Remaining Shares of Junior Preferred Stock.

“Remedial Action” means all action to (a) clean up, remove, treat or handle in any other way Hazardous Substances in the environment; (b) restore or reclaim the environment or Natural Resources; (c) prevent the Release of Hazardous Substances so that they do not migrate, endanger or threaten to endanger public health or the environment or (d) perform remedial investigations, feasibility studies, corrective actions, closures and postremedial or postclosure studies, investigations, operations, maintenance and monitoring on, about or in any real property.

“Requisite Noteholder Consent” means the consent of the holders of a majority of the outstanding (as defined in the Indenture) principal amount of the 12% Senior Notes voting together as a single class pursuant to the terms set forth in the Exchange Offer.

“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and all rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

“Securities Laws” means the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, the HKSE Listing Rules, the listing rules of, or any listing agreement with AMEX and any other applicable Law regulating securities or takeover matters.

“Software” means computer software, programs and databases in any form, including Internet web sites, web content and links, all versions, updates, corrections, enhancements, and modifications thereof, and all related documentation.

“Stockholders Approvals” means the approvals of all matters that are required to be approved by the Common Stockholders Meeting as provided in Section 7.02(a).

“subsidiary” or “subsidiaries” of the Company, Purchaser or any other Person means an Affiliate controlled by such Person, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries.

“Subsoil Use Law” means Republic of Kazakhstan Law No. 2828 “On Subsoil and Subsoil Use”, as amended by, among other things (a) Kazakhstan Law on Introduction of Amendments and Additions into Certain Legal Acts on Subsoil Use and Subsoil Operations (effective on 8 December, 2004) and

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(b) Kazakhstan Law on Amendments and Additions to certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan Regarding Matters of Subsoil Use and Conduct of Petroleum Operations in the Republic of Kazakhstan (effective on 18 October, 2005).

“Superior Proposal” means an unsolicited written bona fide offer made by a third party to consummate any of the following transactions: (a) a merger, consolidation, share exchange, business combination or other similar transaction involving the Company pursuant to which the stockholders of the Company immediately preceding such transaction would hold less than 50% of the equity interests in the surviving or resulting entity of such transaction; or (b) the acquisition by any Person or group (including by means of a tender offer or an exchange offer or a two-step transaction involving a tender offer followed with reasonable promptness by a cash-out merger involving the Company), directly or indirectly, of ownership of 50% of the then outstanding shares of stock of the Company, in each case on terms that the Board determines, in its good faith judgment (after having received the advice of a financial advisor of nationally recognized reputation, which may include ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ & Company, Inc. or an Affiliate or division thereof), to be more favorable to the Company’s stockholders from a financial point of view than the Transactions and for which financing, to the extent required, is then committed.

“Taxes” means any and all taxes, fees, levies, duties, tariffs, imposts and other similar charges of any kind (together with any and all interest, penalties, additions to tax and additional amounts imposed with respect thereto) imposed by any Governmental Authority or taxing authority, including, without limitation: taxes or other charges on or with respect to income, franchise, windfall or other profits, gross receipts, property, sales, use, capital stock, payroll, employment, social security, workers’ compensation, unemployment compensation or net worth; taxes or other charges in the nature of excise, withholding, ad valorem, stamp, transfer, value-added or gains taxes; license, registration and documentation fees; customers’ duties, tariffs and similar charges; and subsoil user’s taxes and payments.

“Tender Offer Price” means the total consideration paid by Purchaser to the holders of the Remaining Shares of the Preferred Stock to acquire the Remaining Shares of the Preferred Stock validly tendered and not withdrawn pursuant to the Tender Offer. The Tender Offer Price shall include any amounts withheld by Purchaser pursuant to Section 7.17.

“Termination Date” means December 31, 2008.

“Total Preferred Stock Value” means an amount equal to US$100 multiplied by the number of shares of the Preferred Stock surrendered by Purchaser to the Company at the Swap Closing.

“Transaction Agreements” means this Agreement and the Ancillary Documents.

“Volume Weighted Average Price” means, with respect to the Common Stock as of any date, the dollar volume-weighted average price per share on AMEX during the period beginning at 9:30:01 a.m., New York City time (or such other time as AMEX publicly announces is the official open of trading), and ending at 4:00:00 p.m., New York City time (or such other time as AMEX publicly announces is the official close of trading) as reported by Bloomberg through its “Volume at Price” functions, or, if the foregoing does not apply, the dollar volume/weighted average price per share in the over-the-counter market on the electronic bulletin board for the Common Stock during the period beginning at 9:30:01 a.m., New York City time (or such other time as AMEX publicly announces is the official open of trading), and ending at 4:00:00 p.m., New York City time (or such other time as AMEX publicly announces is the official close of trading) as reported by Bloomberg, or, if no dollar/volume weighted average price is reported for the Common Stock by Bloomberg for such hours, the average of the highest closing bid price and the lowest closing ask price of any of the market makers for the Common Stock as reported in the “pink sheets” by Pink Sheets LLC (formerly the National Quotation Bureau, Inc.). All such determinations are to be appropriately adjusted for any stock dividend, stock split, stock combination or other similar transaction during the applicable calculation period.

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(b) The following terms have the meaning set forth in the Sections set forth below:


Defined Term		Location of Definition
Action		§ 5.09
Additional Warrants		§ 4.04(a)
Agents		§ 3.01(f)
Agreement		Preamble
Amended and Restated By-laws		§ 4.06(i)
Amendment to the Certificate of Designations of the Junior Preferred Stock		§ 7.02(a)
Amendment to the Certificate of Designations of the Senior Preferred Stock		§ 7.02(a)
Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation		§ 7.02(a)
Amendment to the Indenture		§ 3.01(b)
AMEX		§ 2.01(a)
AMEX Listing Approval		§ 7.13
Balance Sheet		§ 5.07(c)
Board		Recitals
Capital Excess		§ 4.01(b)
Change in the Company Recommendation		§ 7.05(c)
Code		§ 7.17
Common Stockholder Approvals		§ 7.02(a)
Common Stockholders Meeting		§ 7.02(a)
Company		Preamble
Company Fundamental Representations		§ 9.01(a)
Company Indemnified Party		§ 9.03
Company Reserve Reports		§ 5.21
Confidential Information		§ 7.04(b)
D&O Insurance		§ 7.01(f)
DGCL		Recitals
Effective Date		Recitals
Environmental Representations		§ 9.01(a)
ERISA		§ 5.10(a)
Escrow Agreement		§ 4.08
Exchange Offer		Recitals
Exchange Offer Documents		§ 3.01(a)
Exercising Junior Preferred Stockholder(s)		§ 4.02
Existing Warrants Waiver		§ 7.11
Expenses		§ 10.03(b)
FCPA		§ 5.19
Fee		§ 10.03(a)
First Tranche Shares		Recitals
Fundamental Representations		§ 9.01(b)
GAAP		§ 5.07(b)
Improper Payment Laws		§ 5.19
IRS		§ 5.10(a)
Junior Preferred Stock		Recitals
Junior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement		Recitals
Key Junior Preferred Stockholders		Recitals
Key Senior Preferred Stockholders		Recitals
Lease Documents		§ 5.13(b)
Liens		§ 5.13(a)

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Defined Term		Location of Definition
Loss		§ 9.02
Mandatory Warrants		§ 4.03(a)
Material Contracts		§ 5.17(a)
Maximum Amount		§ 7.01(f)
Minimum Condition		§ 2.01(a)
Multiemployer Plan		§ 5.10(b)
Multiple Employer Plan		§ 5.10(b)
New Common Shares		§ 7.13
New Senior Notes Redemption Payment		§ 3.01(h)
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan		§ 5.10(h)
Notice of Change in Recommendation		§ 7.05(c)
Offer to Purchase		§ 2.01(c)
Offers		Recitals
Optional Warrants		§ 4.03(b)
Permits		§ 5.06
Permitted Liens		§ 5.13(a)
Plans		§ 5.10(a)
Preferred Stock		Recitals
Preferred Stockholder Consents		§ 7.02(b)
Prior Agreements		Recitals
Proceeds		§ 7.12
Proxy Statement		§ 7.02(a)
Purchaser		Preamble
Purchaser Convertible Bonds		Recitals
Purchaser Election Notice		§ 4.02
Purchaser Fundamental Representations		§ 9.01(b)
Purchaser Indemnified Party		§ 9.02
Registration Statement		§ 7.15
Release Letter		§ 7.10
Remaining 12% Senior Notes		§ 3.01(g)
Remaining Preferred Stock		§ 7.16
Remaining Shares of Junior Preferred Stock		Recitals
Remaining Shares of Senior Preferred Stock		Recitals
Representatives		§ 5.19
Rollover Transactions		Recitals
S-3 Registration Statements		§ 5.25
Sale and Purchase Transactions		Recitals
SEC		§ 2.01(a)
SEC Reports		§ 5.07(a)
Second Tranche Price		§ 4.01(b)
Second Tranche Shares		§ 4.01(b)
Senior Notes Repurchase Payment		§ 3.01(g)
Senior Preferred Stock		Recitals
Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements		Recitals
Series B-1 Preferred Stock		Recitals
Series B-2 Preferred Stock		Recitals
Shares of Newly Issued Common Stock		§ 4.02
Solicitation Statement		Annex E
Stockholder Consent Materials		§ 5.12(b)
Subsidiary		§ 5.01(a)

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Defined Term		Location of Definition
Swap		Recitals
Swap Closing		§ 4.05
Tax Representations		§ 9.01(a)
Tender Offer		Recitals
Tender Offer Documents		§ 2.01(c)
Tender Offer Expiration Date		§ 2.01(a)
Tender Offer Initial Expiration Date		§ 2.01(a)
Tender Offer Statement		§ 2.01(c)
Third Party Claim		§ 9.05(b)
Transactions		Recitals
Unpaid Fees		§ 10.03(e)
Warrants		§ 4.04(a)

ARTICLE II

THE TENDER OFFER

SECTION 2.01 The Tender Offer. (a) Provided that none of the events set forth in clauses (i) through (xi) of Annex D shall have occurred or be continuing, Purchaser shall commence the Tender Offer at a time satisfactory to it after the Effective Date; provided that at least five (5) Business Days’ notice shall have been provided to the Company. The obligation of Purchaser to accept for payment the Remaining Shares of the Preferred Stock tendered pursuant to the Tender Offer shall be subject to (i) the condition (the “Minimum Condition”) that at least such number of the Remaining Shares of Senior Preferred Stock and the Remaining Shares of Junior Preferred Stock, which, together with the shares of the Senior Preferred Stock and the Junior Preferred Stock to be purchased by Purchaser pursuant to the Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements and the Junior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement, represents at least 90% of the outstanding shares of each of the Senior Preferred Stock and Junior Preferred Stock, respectively, and (ii) the satisfaction of each of the other conditions set forth in Annex D hereto. Purchaser expressly reserves the right to waive any such condition (except as expressly provided otherwise in Annex D hereto), to increase the price per share payable in the Tender Offer, and to make any other changes in the terms and conditions of the Tender Offer; provided, however, that no change may be made which decreases the price per share payable in the Tender Offer or which imposes conditions to the Tender Offer in addition to those set forth in Annex D hereto. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Purchaser may, without the consent of the Company, extend the Tender Offer (i) for one or more periods of not more than 20 Business Days each beyond the scheduled expiration date, which initially shall be 20 Business Days following the commencement of the Tender Offer (the “Tender Offer Initial Expiration Date”), if, at any scheduled expiration of the Tender Offer, any of the conditions to Purchaser’s obligation to accept for payment the Remaining Shares of the Preferred Stock, shall not be satisfied or waived and (ii) for any period required by any rule, regulation or interpretation of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), or the staff thereof, or the American Stock Exchange (“AMEX”) applicable to the Tender Offer (any expiration time and date established pursuant to any extension of the Tender Offer under this Agreement, as so extended, the “Tender Offer Expiration Date”). Purchaser shall pay for all Remaining Shares of the Preferred Stock validly tendered and not withdrawn promptly following the acceptance of the Remaining Shares of the Preferred Stock for payment pursuant to the Tender Offer. Notwithstanding the immediately preceding sentence and subject to the applicable rules of the SEC and the terms and conditions of the Tender Offer, Purchaser expressly reserves the right to delay payment for the Remaining Shares of the Preferred Stock in order to comply in whole or in part with applicable Laws. Any such delay shall be effected in compliance with Rule 14e-1(c) under the Exchange Act. Purchaser may extend the Tender Offer after the acceptance of the Remaining Shares of the Preferred Stock thereunder for a further period of time by means of a subsequent offering period of not more than 20 Business Days to meet the objective that there be validly tendered, in accordance with the terms of the Tender Offer, prior to the expiration of the Tender Offer (as so extended), and not withdrawn a number of the Remaining Shares of Senior Preferred Stock and the Remaining Shares of Junior Preferred Stock, which, together with the shares of the Senior Preferred Stock and

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the shares of the Junior Preferred Stock to be purchased by Purchaser pursuant to the Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements and the Junior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement, represents at least 90% of the outstanding shares of each of the Senior Preferred Stock and the Junior Preferred Stock, respectively. If any payment of the Tender Offer Price is to be made to a Person other than the Person in whose name the surrendered certificate formerly evidencing the Preferred Stock is registered on the stock transfer books of the Company, it shall be a condition of payment that the certificate so surrendered shall be endorsed properly or otherwise be in proper form for transfer and that the Person requesting such payment shall have paid all transfer and other taxes required by reason of any payment of the Tender Offer Price to a Person other than the registered holder of the certificate surrendered, or shall have established to the satisfaction of Purchaser that such taxes either have been paid or are not applicable. No dividends, whether or not declared, will be paid by Purchaser on any shares of Preferred Stock tendered into the Tender Offer.

(b) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, Purchaser may, in its sole discretion, provide the holders of the Remaining Shares of Senior Preferred Stock the right to receive, as an alternative to the per share cash consideration payable in the Tender Offer, Purchaser Convertible Bonds in exchange for the Remaining Shares of Senior Preferred Stock validly tendered and not withdrawn in the Tender Offer. The Purchaser Convertible Bonds would be offered to holders of the Remaining Shares of Senior Preferred Stock on the same commercial terms as those provided to the Key Senior Preferred Stockholders under the Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements, subject to applicable Law, including available exemptions for registration under the Securities Act.

(c) At a time satisfactory to it after the Effective Date but no later than the date of commencement of the Tender Offer, Purchaser shall deliver and, to the extent required, file with the SEC, a tender offer statement or statements (together with all amendments and supplements thereto, the “Tender Offer Statement”) with respect to the Tender Offer to holders pursuant to applicable U.S. federal securities laws (which may include the filing of a Schedule TO and/or Schedule 13E-4F or any successor form thereto). The Tender Offer Statement shall contain or shall incorporate by reference, to the extent required by applicable U.S. federal securities laws, an offer to purchase (the “Offer to Purchase”) and forms of the related letter of transmittal (the Tender Offer Statement, the Offer to Purchase and such other documents, together with all supplements and amendments thereto, being referred to herein collectively as the “Tender Offer Documents”). Each of Purchaser and the Company agrees to correct promptly any information provided by it for use in the Tender Offer Documents that shall have become false or misleading in any material respect, and Purchaser further agrees to take all steps necessary to cause the Tender Offer Documents, as so corrected, to be disseminated to holders of the Remaining Shares of the Preferred Stock and, if required, filed with the SEC, in each case as and to the extent required by applicable U.S. federal securities laws.

SECTION 2.02 Company Action. The Company shall promptly furnish Purchaser with mailing labels containing the names and addresses of all record holders of the Remaining Shares of the Preferred Stock and with security position listings of shares held in stock depositories, each as of a recent date, together with all other available listings and computer files containing names, addresses and security position listings of record holders and beneficial owners of the Remaining Shares of the Preferred Stock. The Company shall promptly furnish Purchaser with such additional information, including, without limitation, updated listings and computer files of stockholders, mailing labels and security position listings, and such other assistance in disseminating the Tender Offer Documents to holders of the Remaining Shares of the Preferred Stock as Purchaser may reasonably request.

ARTICLE III

THE EXCHANGE OFFER AND NOTE CONSENT SOLICITATION

SECTION 3.01 The Exchange Offer and Note Consent Solicitation. (a) Provided that none of the events set forth in the caption “—Conditions of the Exchange Offer” of Annex E hereto shall have occurred or be continuing, promptly after the receipt of a written request from Purchaser to do so and the receipt of the

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Exchange Offer Documents (as defined below) from Purchaser, the Company shall cause the 12% Senior Notes Issuer to commence the Exchange Offer on terms consistent with Annex D to the Prior Agreements. The Company shall cooperate, and shall cause its Subsidiaries to cooperate, with the reasonable requests of Purchaser in connection with the Exchange Offer. The Exchange Offer shall be conducted on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the offer to exchange and consent solicitation statement, the letter of transmittal and other related documents (collectively, as amended from time to time in accordance with the terms set forth herein, the “Exchange Offer Documents”) and/or on such other terms as may be agreed by Purchaser and the Company as necessary or appropriate in order to facilitate obtaining the Requisite Noteholder Consents, including, without limitation, with regard to the amount of the 12% Senior Notes Cash Payments. The Exchange Offer shall require that each holder of 12% Senior Notes accepting the New Senior Notes and the 12% Senior Notes Cash Payments in exchange for such holder’s 12% Senior Notes must also consent to the Amendment to the Indenture.

(b) As part of the Exchange Offer, the Company shall cause the 12% Senior Notes Issuer to solicit consents and waivers from holders of 12% Senior Notes to adopt the amendment to the Indenture and to waive the matters described under the caption “—Consents and Waivers” in Annex E hereto (the “Amendment to the Indenture”).

(c) The obligation of the Company to cause the 12% Senior Notes Issuer to accept for exchange and payment the 12% Senior Notes tendered pursuant to the Exchange Offer shall be subject to (i) its obtaining the Requisite Noteholder Consent and (ii) the satisfaction of each of the other conditions to the Exchange Offer, as set forth in the Exchange Offer Documents. The Company shall cause the 12% Senior Notes Issuer to waive any of the conditions to the Exchange Offer as may be requested by Purchaser, subject to compliance with applicable Laws, and shall not, without the consent of Purchaser, cause the 12% Senior Notes Issuer to waive any condition to the Exchange Offer or make any changes to the terms and conditions of the Exchange Offer other than as agreed between Purchaser and the Company. Notwithstanding the immediately preceding sentence, the Company need not cause the 12% Senior Notes Issuer to make any change to the terms and conditions of the Exchange Offer requested by Purchaser that decreases the consideration per 12% Senior Note payable in the Exchange Offer or imposes conditions to the Exchange Offer or related consent solicitation in addition to those set forth in Annex E hereto that are materially adverse to holders of the 12% Senior Notes, unless such change is approved by the Company in writing. The Company shall cause the 12% Senior Notes Issuer to extend the expiration date and consent deadline of the Exchange Offer as may be reasonably requested by Purchaser.

(d) The Company covenants and agrees that, promptly following the receipt of the Requisite Noteholder Consent, the Company shall, and shall cause the 12% Senior Notes Issuer and other Subsidiaries who are guarantors of the 12% Senior Notes under the Indenture to (and shall use its reasonable best efforts to cause the Indenture Trustee to), execute a supplement to the Indenture implementing the Amendment to the Indenture, which shall be in a form reasonably satisfactory to Purchaser and which shall implement the amendments and waivers described in the Exchange Offer Documents and shall become operative at the closing of the Exchange Offer, subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement (including the conditions to the Exchange Offer). The Company shall cause the 12% Senior Notes Issuer, concurrent with the closing of the Exchange Offer, to (i) accept for exchange the 12% Senior Notes that have been validly tendered and not withdrawn pursuant to and in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Exchange Offer, (ii) promptly execute the New Indenture (which shall be in a form reasonably satisfactory to Purchaser) and execute and issue (and in the case of the Indenture Trustee, authenticate) the New Senior Notes, (iii) promptly deliver the New Senior Notes and pay the 12% Senior Notes Cash Payments (using funds provided by or at the direction of Purchaser) (including the payment of an early consent payment, if specified in the Exchange Offer Documents, to holders who validly tendered and did not validly withdraw their 12% Senior Notes prior to the consent deadline, if any) to holders of 12% Senior Notes that have been accepted for exchange in the Exchange Offer.

(e) Purchaser shall prepare all necessary and appropriate documentation in connection with the Exchange Offer, including the Exchange Offer Documents. The Company shall, and shall cause the 12% Senior Notes Issuer and other Subsidiaries to, cooperate with Purchaser in preparing the Exchange Offer Documents, in

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preparing and issuing any press release announcing the commencement, results, modification or extension of the Exchange Offer, and in preparing and disseminating any amendments or supplements to the Exchange Offer Documents. The Exchange Offer Documents (including all amendments or supplements) and all mailings to the holders of the 12% Senior Notes in connection with the Exchange Offer shall be subject to the prior review of, and comment by, the Company and Purchaser and shall be reasonably acceptable to each of them. If at any time prior to the closing of the Exchange Offer any information in the Exchange Offer Documents should be discovered by the Company or the 12% Senior Notes Issuer, on the one hand, or Purchaser, on the other hand, which should be set forth in an amendment or supplement to the Exchange Offer Documents so that the Exchange Offer Documents shall not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of circumstances under which they are made, not misleading, the party that discovers such information shall promptly notify the other party, and the Company shall cause the 12% Senior Notes Issuer to disseminate to the holders of the 12% Senior Notes an appropriate amendment or supplement prepared by Purchaser describing such information. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 3.01, Purchaser, the Company and the Subsidiaries shall comply with the requirements of Rule 14e-1 under the Exchange Act, any U.S. state securities or “Blue Sky” laws and any other applicable Law to the extent such Law is applicable in connection with the Exchange Offer and such compliance will not be deemed a breach hereof.

(f) In connection with the Exchange Offer, Purchaser may select one or more dealer managers, information agents, depositaries and other agents (collectively, “Agents”) to provide assistance in connection therewith, and the Company shall, and/or shall cause the 12% Senior Notes Issuer to, enter into customary agreements (including indemnities) with such parties so selected. Purchaser shall reimburse the Company and the 12% Senior Notes Issuer for the reasonable fees and out-of-pocket expenses paid to any Agent retained in connection with the Exchange Offer, which fees and expenses shall, after the Swap Closing, be paid out of the Proceeds in accordance with Section 7.12. The Company shall provide to Purchaser, and shall cause its Subsidiaries to, and shall use its best efforts to cause the respective officers, employees and advisors, including legal and accounting, of the Company and its Subsidiaries to, provide to Purchaser and its affiliates, its legal counsel and the Agents cooperation reasonably requested by Purchaser or such affiliates, such legal counsel or the Agents in connection with the Exchange Offer, including (i) participating in meetings, presentations, due diligence sessions and drafting sessions, (ii) executing and delivering any legal opinions, comfort letters (10b-5 letters) or documents as may be reasonably requested by Purchaser or the Agents, and (iii) using best efforts to obtain accountants’ comfort letters, consents and legal opinions, as reasonably requested by Purchaser or the Agents.

(g) If the 12% Senior Notes validly tendered for exchange in the Exchange Offer are accepted for exchange by the 12% Senior Notes Issuer pursuant to Section 3.01(d) above, the Company shall, promptly after the Swap Closing, cause the 12% Senior Notes Issuer to deliver, in the manner specified in the Indenture, a notice to holders of outstanding 12% Senior Notes that were not accepted for exchange in the Exchange Offer (the “Remaining 12% Senior Notes”) offering to repurchase, in accordance with and at the price specified in Section 4.11 of the Indenture, the Remaining 12% Senior Notes. On the repurchase date specified in the repurchase notice referred to in the immediately preceding sentence, the Company shall cause the 12% Senior Notes Issuer to repurchase the Remaining 12% Senior Notes using funds provided by Purchaser or at the direction of Purchaser (the “Senior Notes Repurchase Payment”).

(h) To the extent that less than all of the Remaining 12% Senior Notes outstanding after the Swap Closing are repurchased as described in Section 3.01(g), if required by the New Indenture, Purchaser and the 12% Senior Notes Issuer will apply an amount of cash equal to (i) the aggregate Senior Notes Repurchase Payment that would have been necessary to repurchase all outstanding Remaining 12% Senior Notes, minus (ii) the actual aggregate Senior Notes Repurchase Payment, to redeem the outstanding New Senior Notes in minimum denominations of $1,000 principal amount or integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof on a pro rata basis, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the New Senior Notes to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the date of redemption (the “New Senior Notes Redemption Payment”). If required by the New Indenture, the Company shall cause the 12% Senior Notes

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Issuer, on or promptly following the Senior Notes Repurchase Payment date (in accordance with the New Indenture), to deliver a notice to holders of New Senior Notes informing them of the aggregate principal amount of New Senior Notes to be redeemed and the date of such redemption. On the redemption date specified in the redemption notice referred to in the immediately preceding sentence, the Company shall cause the 12% Senior Notes Issuer to redeem the New Senior Notes on a pro rata basis using funds provided by Purchaser or at the direction of Purchaser in an amount equal to the New Senior Notes Redemption Payment.

(i) Purchaser shall not be responsible or liable for, any payment (including with respect to the 12% Senior Notes Cash Payments or with respect to the repurchase of the Remaining 12% Senior Notes or the New Senior Notes Redemption Payment), damages or obligation arising from the failure of the Company and its Subsidiaries to comply with the provisions of this Section 3.01, including, without limitation, any such failure which would result in the closing of the Exchange Offer without the consent of Purchaser.

ARTICLE IV

ISSUANCE OF NEW PREFERRED STOCK, COMMON STOCK AND WARRANTS

SECTION 4.01 Issuance of New Preferred Stock. (a) Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of this Agreement, at the Swap Closing, the Company shall issue to Purchaser, and Purchaser shall subscribe for and purchase from the Company, the First Tranche Shares. In consideration for the issuance of the First Tranche Shares to Purchaser, Purchaser shall (i) surrender to the Company all of the shares of Senior Preferred Stock acquired by Purchaser pursuant to the Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements and the Tender Offer, (ii) surrender to the Company all of the shares of Junior Preferred Stock acquired by Purchaser pursuant to the Junior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement and the Tender Offer, (iii) pay the First Tranche Price into the Escrow Account and (iv) pay to each Initial Investor of Junior Preferred Stock the applicable Additional Returns set forth opposite the name of each Initial Investor of Junior Preferred Stock as provided in Exhibit 1.01.

(b) Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of this Agreement, at the Swap Closing, the Company shall issue to Purchaser, and Purchaser shall subscribe for and purchase from the Company, 622,897 shares of Series B-2 Preferred Stock (the “Second Tranche Shares”) in consideration for the payment by Purchaser of US$62,289,696 (“Second Tranche Price”) in cash into the Escrow Account; provided, however, that if the aggregate of the First Tranche Price and US$62,289,696 exceeds US$75,000,000 (such excess being referred to herein as the “Capital Excess”), the Second Tranche Price may, in the sole discretion of Purchaser upon written notice to the Company, be reduced by an amount equal to or less than the Capital Excess and the number of the Second Tranche Shares shall be reduced proportionally.

(c) The Company shall execute and file with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (i) the Certificate of Designations of Series B-1 Preferred Stock attached hereto as Exhibit 4.01(c)(i), subject to any revisions required by AMEX pursuant to Section 7.13, and (ii) the Certificate of Designations of Series B-2 Preferred Stock attached hereto as Exhibit 4.01(c)(ii), subject to any revisions required by AMEX pursuant to Section 7.13, on the Closing Date and prior to the issuance of the First Tranche Shares and Second Tranche Shares.

SECTION 4.02 Issuance of Common Stock. If Purchaser receives the Stockholder Election Notice (as defined in the Junior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement) pursuant to the Junior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement, it shall deliver a written notice (the “Purchaser Election Notice”) to the Company prior to the Swap Closing stating the number of shares of Common Stock that each Key Junior Preferred Stockholder (the “Exercising Junior Preferred Stockholder(s)”) is entitled to receive. Upon receipt of the Purchaser Election Notice, at the Swap Closing, the Company shall issue to Purchaser, and Purchaser shall subscribe for and purchase from the Company, at a price of US$1.40 per share of Common Stock, such number of shares of Common Stock in the name of Purchaser or in the name of the Key Junior Preferred Stockholders, as is designated by Purchaser in the Purchaser Election Notice (the shares of Common Stock issued by the Company to the Exercising Junior Preferred Stockholder(s) being referred to herein as the “Shares of Newly Issued Common Stock”). The aggregate purchase price for such shares of Common Stock shall be paid by Purchaser at

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the Swap Closing by wire transfer in immediately funds into a bank account designated by the Company. Purchaser shall promptly deliver to each Exercising Junior Preferred Stockholder such number of shares of Common Stock as are set forth in the Purchaser Election Notice. The issuance of the Shares of Newly Issued Common Stock shall be conditioned upon receiving the following representations and warranties from the Exercising Junior Preferred Stockholder(s) for the benefit of the Company:

(a) such Exercising Junior Preferred Stockholder(s) is an “accredited investor” (within the meaning of Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act);

(b) such Exercising Junior Preferred Stockholder(s) is acquiring the Shares of Newly Issued Common Stock for its own account for investment purposes and not with a view to, or for offer or sale in connection with, any distribution thereof, and such Exercising Junior Preferred Stockholder(s) has such knowledge and experience in financial and business matters that he, she or it is capable of evaluating the merits and risks of investing in the Company;

(c) such Exercising Junior Preferred Stockholder(s) is not purchasing the Shares of Newly Issued Common Stock as a result of any general solicitation or general advertising (as those terms are used in Regulation D of the Securities Act); and

(d) the offer and sale of the Shares of Newly Issued Common Stock to such Exercising Junior Preferred Stockholder(s) is in compliance with all applicable Laws.

SECTION 4.03 Issuance of Warrants. (a) Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of this Agreement, at the Swap Closing, the Company shall issue to Purchaser warrants, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 4.03(a), providing for Purchaser’s right to purchase 33,653,960 shares of Common Stock, subject to adjustment in accordance with the terms thereof (the “Mandatory Warrants”).

(b) Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of this Agreement, at the Swap Closing, the Company shall issue to Purchaser warrants, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 4.03(b), providing for Purchaser’s right to purchase 5,000,000 shares of Common Stock, subject to adjustment in accordance with the terms thereof (the “Optional Warrants”); provided, however, that if the September 15, 2008 interest payment under the 12% Senior Notes is not made by the Company, the Company shall not be required to issue the Optional Warrants.

SECTION 4.04 Issuance of Additional Common Stock and Warrants. (a) Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of this Agreement, Purchaser shall, at the Swap Closing, surrender to the Company the 12% Senior Notes and the New Senior Notes then held by Purchaser or any of its Affiliates, in exchange for (i) such number of shares of Common Stock to be determined based on the aggregate principal amount of the 12% Senior Notes and the New Senior Notes being surrendered by Purchaser divided by US$0.45 (in the case of any fractional share of Common Stock, the Company shall issue one full share of Common Stock to Purchaser in lieu of such fractional share); (ii) the warrants, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 4.04(a)(ii), issued by the Company to Purchaser providing for Purchaser’s right to purchase 150,000,000 shares of Common Stock, subject to adjustment in accordance with the terms thereof; and (iii) the warrants, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 4.04(a)(iii), issued by the Company to Purchaser providing for Purchaser’s right to purchase 75,000,000 shares of Common Stock, subject to adjustment in accordance with the terms thereof (the warrants specified in clauses (ii) and (iii), the “Additional Warrants”; together with the Mandatory Warrants and the Optional Warrants, the “Warrants”).

(b) In the event that Purchaser, directly or indirectly, provides or otherwise guarantees funding for any 12% Senior Notes Cash Payment pursuant to Section 3.01(d)(iii) hereof or the Senior Notes Repurchase Payment pursuant to Section 3.01(g) or the New Senior Notes Redemption Payment pursuant to Section 3.01(h) hereof, the Company shall issue to Purchaser (i) at the Swap Closing, a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the total amount of the 12% Senior Notes Cash Payments funded by Purchaser divided by US$0.45, (ii) at the repurchase date specified in Section 3.01(g), a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the amount of the Senior Notes Repurchase Payment divided by US$0.45 and (iii) at the

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redemption date specified in Section 3.01(h), a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the amount of the New Senior Notes Redemption Payment divided by US$0.45, with the purchase price for such shares of Common Stock issued pursuant to clauses (i), (ii) and (iii) to be satisfied by Purchaser’s funding of the 12% Senior Notes Cash Payments, the Senior Notes Repurchase Payment and/or the New Senior Notes Redemption Payment, as the case may be. In the case of any fractional share of Common Stock issuable to Purchaser, the Company shall issue one full share of Common Stock to Purchaser in lieu of such fractional share.

(c) Notwithstanding the foregoing, the maximum total number of shares of Common Stock to be issued to Purchaser pursuant to Sections 4.04(a)(i) and 4.04(b) hereof shall be equal to 260,666,667 (equal to US$117,300,000 divided by US$0.45).

SECTION 4.05 Closing of the Swap. Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of this Agreement, the closing of the Swap, including the sale and purchase of the New Preferred Stock and the issuance of the Warrants, shall take place at a closing (the “Swap Closing”) at Shearman & Sterling LLP, 12/F Gloucester Tower, the Landmark, 15 Queen’s Road, Central, Hong Kong, immediately following the satisfaction or waiver of each of the conditions to the obligations of the parties hereto set forth in Section 8.01 and Section 8.02 or at such other place or on such other date as the parties may mutually agree upon in writing.

SECTION 4.06 Closing Deliveries by the Company. At the Swap Closing, the Company shall deliver to Purchaser:

(a) stock certificates evidencing the First Tranche Shares;

(b) stock certificates evidencing the Second Tranche Shares;

(c) stock certificates evidencing the Common Stock to be issued to Purchaser in accordance with Section 4.04(a)(i) and Section 4.04(b)(i).

(d) the Warrants duly executed by the Company;

(e) original counterparts of the Investor Rights Agreement duly executed by the Company;

(f) a true and complete copy, certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company, of the resolutions duly and validly adopted by the Board evidencing (i) their authorization of the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the Ancillary Documents to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party, (ii) the consummation of the Transactions applicable to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (iii) the decrease in the number of total members of the Board from eight (8) to seven (7), (iv) the appointment of six (6) directors of the Board nominated by Purchaser and (v) amendments to the charters for the nominating and governance committee and the compensation committee of the Board to remove any requirements regarding the minimum number of independent directors on such committees to the extent permitted by Law, in the case of (iii), (iv) and (v) above, effective upon the Swap Closing;

(g) a certificate of the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company certifying the names and signatures of the officers of the Company authorized to sign this Agreement and the Ancillary Documents to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party and the other documents to be delivered hereunder and thereunder by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries;

(h) the resignations, effective as of the Swap Closing, of the four directors of the Company appointed by the holders of the Junior Preferred Stock and three additional directors to be identified by the Company at least five (5) Business Days prior to the Swap Closing as the directors of the Company;

(i) a copy of (i) the Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, of the Company, certified by the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, as of a date not earlier than five Business Days prior to the Swap Closing and accompanied by a certificate of the Secretary or Assistant Secretary of the Company, dated as of the Swap Closing, stating that no amendments have been made to such Certificate of Incorporation since such date other than as contemplated by this Agreement and (ii) the amended and restated by-laws of the

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Company in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 4.06(i) (the “Amended and Restated By-laws”), effective upon the Swap Closing, duly adopted by the Board and certified by the Secretary or Assistant Secretary of the Company;

(j) certified copies of (i) the Certificate of Designations of Series B-1 Preferred Stock, (ii) the Certificate of Designations of Series B-2 Preferred Stock, (iii) the Amendment to the Certificate of Designations of Senior Preferred Stock, (iv) the Amendment to the Certificate of Designations of Junior Preferred Stock and (v) the Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation, in each case, duly filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on the Closing Date;

(k) a good standing certificate for the Company from the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware dated as of a date not earlier than five Business Days prior to the Swap Closing;

(l) a receipt for the First Tranche Price and the Second Tranche Price;

(m) original copies of the Release Letter executed by each of the Initial Investors of Junior Preferred Stock that is not a Key Junior Preferred Stockholder;

(n) a copy of each of (i) the Amendment to the Indenture, (ii) the New Indenture, and (iii) the New Senior Notes, in each case, duly executed by the Company and the Indenture Trustee (or authenticated by the Indenture Trustee, in the case of the New Senior Notes) and a certificate of a duly authorized officer of the Company certifying that the Amendment to the Indenture and the New Indenture have each become effective;

(o) a certificate of the Chief Financial Officer of the Company certifying that the Company has sufficient “surplus” (as defined in Section 154 of the DGCL) to redeem the Remaining Preferred Stock pursuant to Section 7.16; and

(p) a certificate of the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company certifying that the Common Stockholder Approvals and the Preferred Stockholder Consents have been obtained.

SECTION 4.07 Closing Deliveries by Purchaser. At the Swap Closing, Purchaser shall deliver to the Company:

(a) original counterparts of the Investor Rights Agreement duly executed by Purchaser;

(b) a certificate of the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of Purchaser certifying the names and signatures of the officers of Purchaser authorized to sign this Agreement and the Ancillary Documents to which Purchaser is a party and the other documents to be delivered hereunder and thereunder by Purchaser;

(d) a receipt for the Warrants, the Common Stock and the New Preferred Stock.

SECTION 4.08 Escrow. Prior to the Swap Closing, the Company and Purchaser shall enter into an Escrow Agreement with the Escrow Agent substantially in the form of Exhibit 4.08 (the “Escrow Agreement”). In accordance with the terms of the Escrow Agreement, Purchaser shall deposit the First Tranche Price and Second Tranche Price to be managed and paid out by the Escrow Agent in accordance with the terms of the Escrow Agreement.

ARTICLE V

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY

As an inducement to Purchaser to enter into this Agreement, the Company hereby represents and warrants to Purchaser that:

SECTION 5.01 Organization and Qualification; Subsidiaries. (a) Each of the Company and each subsidiary of the Company (each a “Subsidiary”) is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing

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under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation and has the requisite corporate power and authority and all necessary governmental approvals to own, lease and operate its properties and to carry on its business as it is now being conducted. The Company and each Subsidiary is, in all material respects, duly qualified or licensed as a corporation to do business, and is in good standing, in each jurisdiction where the character of the properties owned, leased or operated by it or the nature of its business makes such qualification or licensing necessary.

(b) A true and complete list of all the Subsidiaries, together with the jurisdiction of incorporation of each Subsidiary, the percentage of the outstanding capital stock of each Subsidiary owned by the Company and each other Subsidiary, and the names of the directors and officers of each Subsidiary, is set forth in Section 5.01(b) of the Disclosure Schedule. Except as disclosed in Section 5.01(b) of the Disclosure Schedule, the Company does not directly or indirectly own any equity or similar interest in, or any interest convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for any equity or similar interest in, any corporation, partnership, joint venture or other business association or entity.

SECTION 5.02 Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws. The Company has heretofore furnished to Purchaser a complete and correct copy of the Certificate of Incorporation and the By-laws or equivalent organizational documents, each as amended to date, of the Company and each Subsidiary. Such Certificates of Incorporation, By-laws or equivalent organizational documents are in full force and effect. Except as disclosed in Section 5.02 of the Disclosure Schedule, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in violation of any of the provisions of its Certificate of Incorporation, By-laws or equivalent organizational documents.

SECTION 5.03 Capitalization. (a) The authorized capital stock of the Company consists of (i) 200,000,000 shares of Common Stock, of which, as of the Effective Date, 117,012,229 shares are issued and outstanding; (ii) 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value US$0.0006 per share, of which (1) 1,111,282 have been designated as Senior Preferred Stock, of which, as of the Effective Date, 482,999 shares are issued and outstanding; (2) 2,755,319 shares have been designated as Junior Preferred Stock, of which, as of the Effective Date, 710,741 shares are issued and outstanding; and (3) 1,785,714 shares have been designated as Series A Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock, of which, as of the Effective Date, no shares are issued and outstanding. All issued and outstanding shares of the Company are validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. As of the Effective Date, no shares of capital stock are held in treasury and no shares of capital stock are reserved for future issuance except as provided in the Certificates of Designations of the Preferred Stock, the Existing Warrants and the Company Stock Plans. Except for the Senior Preferred Stock, the Junior Preferred Stock, the Existing Warrants and the Company Stock Plans, there are no options, warrants or other rights, agreements, arrangements or commitments of any character relating to the issued or unissued capital stock of the Company or any Subsidiary or obligating the Company or any Subsidiary to issue or sell any shares of capital stock of, or other equity interests in, the Company or any Subsidiary. Section 5.03(a) of the Disclosure Schedule sets forth, for each holder of Existing Warrants or options, the following information with respect to each of the Existing Warrants and Company Stock Plans: (i) the name of each holder thereof; (ii) the number of shares of capital stock subject to such Existing Warrants or outstanding awards under Company Stock Plans, and the number of shares of capital stock subject to Company Stock Plans; (iii) the exercise or purchase price of the warrants, options or stock rights; (iv) the date on which the warrants, options or stock rights were granted; (v) the date on which the warrants, options or stock rights can be exercised or vest; and (vi) the date on which the warrants or options expire. The Company has made available to Purchaser accurate and complete copies of all Existing Warrants, Company Stock Plans and the form of award agreements under Company Stock Plans. Except as set forth in Section 5.03(a) of the Disclosure Schedule, all shares of Common Stock subject to issuance as aforesaid, upon issuance on the terms and subject to the conditions specified in the instruments pursuant to which they are issuable, will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. Except as provided in the Certificates of the Designations of the Preferred Stock, there are no outstanding contractual obligations of the Company or any Subsidiary to repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any capital stock of the Company or any Subsidiary or to provide funds to, or make any investment (in the form of a loan, capital contribution or otherwise) in, any Subsidiary or any other Person. Except as set forth in Section 5.03(a)(i) of the Disclosure Schedule, there are no commitments or agreements of any character to which the Company is bound obligating

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the Company to accelerate the exercisability or vesting of any Existing Warrants or outstanding awards under Company Stock Plans as a result of the Transactions. All outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company, all Existing Warrants and all outstanding awards under Company Stock Plans and all outstanding shares of capital stock of each Subsidiary have been issued and granted in compliance with (i) all applicable Securities Laws and other applicable Laws and (ii) all requirements set forth in applicable contracts. Except for the 12% Senior Notes and the financed insurance premiums incurred in the ordinary course of business by the Company or its Subsidiaries as described in Schedule 5.03(a)(ii) of the Disclosure Schedule, the Company or any Subsidiary has not issued any notes, bonds or other debt securities, or any option, warrant or other right to acquire the same, of the Company or any Subsidiary.

(b) Except as provided in Section 5.03(b) of the Disclosure Schedule, each outstanding share of capital stock of each Subsidiary is duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, and each such share is owned by the Company or another Subsidiary free and clear of all security interests, liens, claims, pledges, options, rights of first refusal, agreements, limitations on the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s voting rights, charges and other encumbrances of any nature whatsoever.

SECTION 5.04 Authority Relative to the Transaction Agreements. Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries has all necessary corporate power and authority to execute and deliver each of the Transaction Agreements to which it is a party, to perform its obligations thereunder and to consummate the Transactions applicable to the Company or such Subsidiary, except for the Stockholders Approvals and Preferred Stockholder Consents. The execution and delivery by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries of each of the Transaction Agreements to which it is a party and the consummation by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries of the Transactions applicable to the Company or such Subsidiary have been duly and validly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of the Company or such Subsidiary, as the case may be, and no other corporate proceedings on the part of the Company or such Subsidiary are necessary to authorize any of the Transaction Agreements to which it is a party or to consummate the Transactions applicable to the Company or such Subsidiary, except for the Stockholders Approvals and Preferred Stockholder Consents. Each of the Transaction Agreements to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party has been or, upon execution, shall have been duly and validly executed and delivered by the Company or such Subsidiary and, assuming the due authorization, execution and delivery by the other parties thereto, constitute legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company and such Subsidiaries, enforceable against the Company and each such Subsidiary, as the case may be, in accordance with their terms, except as may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar laws affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally and by general principles of equity. The Board has unanimously approved each of the Transaction Agreements to which the Company is a party and the Transactions applicable to the Company and such approvals are sufficient so that the restrictions on business combinations set forth in Section 203(a) of the DGCL shall not apply to the Transactions and the Transaction Agreements or such restrictions are otherwise inapplicable to the Transactions and the Transaction Agreements.

SECTION 5.05 No Conflict; Required Filings and Consents. (a) The execution and delivery of each of the Transaction Agreements to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party by the Company or such Subsidiary do not, and the performance of each of the Transaction Agreements by the Company or any Subsidiary will not, and the consummation of the Transactions applicable to the Company or any Subsidiary by the Company or such Subsidiary (as the case may be) will not, (i) conflict with or violate the Certificate of Incorporation or By-laws or any equivalent organizational documents of the Company or any Subsidiary taking into account the assumptions set forth in clause (iii) below, (ii) assuming that all consents, approvals and other authorizations described in Section 5.05(b) have been obtained and that all filings and other actions described in Section 5.05(b) have been made or taken, conflict with or violate, in any material respect, any Law applicable to the Company or any Subsidiary or by which any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or affected, or (iii) assuming each of the Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation, the Amended and Restated By-laws, the Amendment to the Certificate of Designations of the Senior Preferred Stock, the Amendment to the Certificate of Designations of Junior Preferred Stock, and the Amendment to the Indenture has become effective, result in any material breach of or constitute a material default (or an event which, with notice or lapse of time or

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both, would become a material default) under, or give to others any right of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, or result in the creation of a lien or other encumbrance on any material property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary pursuant to, any note, bond, mortgage, indenture, contract, agreement, lease, license, permit, franchise or other instrument or obligation to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by which the Company or a Subsidiary or any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or affected.

(b) The execution and delivery of each of the Transaction Agreements by the Company or any Subsidiary do not, the performance by the Company or any Subsidiary of its obligations thereunder will not, and the consummation of the Transactions by the Company or any Subsidiary will not, require any consent, approval, authorization or permit of, or filing with or notification to, any Governmental Authority, except for (i) the requirements of Exon-▇▇▇▇▇▇ Provisions, to the extent applicable; (ii) the requirements of applicable Securities Laws; (iii) the requirements of applicable Anti-trust Laws; (iv) the filing and recordation of appropriate documents as required by the DGCL; (v) the Article 71 Waiver; (vi) Exchange Approvals; and (vii) as would not, individually or in the aggregate, prevent or materially delay consummation of any of the Transactions or otherwise prevent or materially delay the Company from performing its obligations under this Agreement and would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.

SECTION 5.06 Permits; Compliance. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is in possession of all franchises, grants, authorizations, licenses, permits, easements, variances, exceptions, consents, certificates, approvals and orders of any Governmental Authority necessary for each of the Company or the Subsidiaries to own, lease and operate its properties or to carry on its business as it is now being conducted or presently contemplated to be conducted, including, without limitation, all necessary waivers from MEMR waiving Kazakhstan government’s pre-emptive rights under Article 71 of the Subsoil Use Law and all necessary consents or permits required under Anti-trust Laws and the spouses’ consents required under applicable Law in connection with any prior acquisition, purchase, sale, transfer or other disposal by the Company or any Subsidiary of any assets or equity interests (the “Permits”), except where the failure to have, or the suspension or cancellation of, any of the Permits would not, individually or in the aggregate, prevent or materially delay consummation of any of the Transactions or otherwise prevent or materially delay the Company from performing its obligations under this Agreement and would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect. No suspension or cancellation of any of the Permits is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in conflict with, or in default, breach or violation of, (a) any Law applicable to the Company or any Subsidiary or by which any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or affected, except for any such conflicts, defaults, breaches or violations that would not, individually or in the aggregate, prevent or materially delay consummation of any of the Transactions or otherwise prevent or materially delay the Company from performing its obligations under this Agreement and would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect, or (b) except as disclosed in Section 5.06 of the Disclosure Schedule, any material note, bond, mortgage, indenture, contract, agreement, lease, license, Permit, franchise or other instrument or obligation to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by which the Company or any Subsidiary or any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound in any material respect.

SECTION 5.07 SEC Filings; Financial Statements. (a) The Company has filed all forms, reports and documents required to be filed by it with the SEC since January 1, 2005, including (i) its Annual Reports on Form 10-K for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively, (ii) its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇, ▇▇▇▇, (▇▇▇) all proxy statements relating to the Company’s meetings of stockholders (whether annual or special) held since January 1, 2005 and (iv) all other forms, reports and other registration statements (other than Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q not referred to in clause (ii) above) filed by the Company with the SEC since January 1, 2005 (the forms, reports and other documents referred to in clauses (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) above being, collectively, the “SEC Reports”). The SEC Reports (i) were prepared in accordance with either the Securities Act, or the Exchange Act, as the case may be, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and (ii) did not, at the time they were filed, or, if amended, as of the date of such amendment, contain

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any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. No Subsidiary is required to file any form, report or other document with the SEC.

(b) Each of the consolidated financial statements (including, in each case, any notes thereto) contained in the SEC Reports was prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods indicated (except as may be indicated in the notes thereto) and each fairly presents, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries as at the respective dates thereof and for the respective periods indicated therein (subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal year-end adjustments which would not have had, and would not have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect).

(c) Except as and to the extent set forth on the audited consolidated balance sheet of the Company and the consolidated Subsidiaries as at December 31, 2007, including the notes thereto (the “Balance Sheet”), neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has any liability or obligation of any nature (whether accrued, absolute, contingent or otherwise) that would be required to be disclosed in accordance with GAAP, except for liabilities and obligations, incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice since December 31, 2007, which would not, individually or in the aggregate, prevent or materially delay consummation of any of the Transactions or otherwise prevent or materially delay the Company from performing its obligations under this Agreement and would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.

(d) The Company has heretofore furnished to Purchaser complete and correct copies of all material amendments and modifications that have not been filed by the Company with the SEC to all agreements, documents and other instruments that previously had been filed by the Company with the SEC and are currently in effect.

(e) The Company has made available to Purchaser all comment letters received by the Company from the SEC or the staff thereof since December 31, 2006 and all responses to such comment letters filed by or on behalf of the Company.

(f) To the Company’s knowledge, except as disclosed in the SEC Reports, each director and executive officer of the Company has filed with the SEC on a timely basis all statements required by Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder since January 1, 2005.

(g) The Company has timely filed and made available to Purchaser all certifications and statements required by (x) Rule 13a-14 or Rule 15d-14 under the Exchange Act or (y) 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 (Section 906 of the ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇▇ Act of 2002) with respect to any Company SEC Report. The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures required by Rule 13a-15 or Rule 15d-15 under the Exchange Act; such controls and procedures are effective to ensure that all material information concerning the Company and its Subsidiaries is made known on a timely basis to the individuals responsible for the preparation of the Company’s SEC filings and other public disclosure documents. The Company has made available to Purchaser in the Data Room, complete and correct copies of, all written descriptions of, and all policies, manuals and other documents promulgating, such disclosure controls and procedures. As used in this Section 5.07, the term “file” shall be broadly construed to include any manner in which a document or information is furnished, supplied or otherwise made available to the SEC.

(h) The Company maintains and will continue to maintain a standard system of accounting established and administered in accordance with GAAP. The Company and its Subsidiaries maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability, (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization, and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals

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and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. The Company has made available to Purchaser in the Data Room, complete and correct copies of, all written descriptions of, and all policies, manuals and other documents promulgating, such internal accounting controls.

(i) Since January 1, 2005, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any director, officer, employee, auditor, accountant or representative of the Company or any Subsidiary, has received or otherwise had or obtained knowledge of any complaint, allegation, assertion or claim, whether written or oral, regarding the accounting or auditing practices, procedures, methodologies or methods of the Company or any Subsidiary or their respective internal accounting controls, including any complaint, allegation, assertion or claim that the Company or any Subsidiary has engaged in questionable accounting or auditing practices. No attorney representing the Company or any Subsidiary, whether or not employed by the Company or any Subsidiary, has reported evidence of a material violation of the Securities Laws, breach of fiduciary duty or similar violation by the Company or any of its officers, directors, employees or agents to the Company Board or any committee thereof or to any director or officer of the Company. Since January 1, 2005, there have been no internal investigations regarding accounting or revenue recognition discussed with, reviewed by or initiated at the direction of the chief executive officer, chief financial officer, general counsel, the Board or any committee thereof.

(j) To the knowledge of the Company, no employee of the Company or any Subsidiary has provided or is providing information to any law enforcement agency regarding the commission or possible commission of any crime or the violation or possible violation of any applicable Law. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any officer, employee, contractor, subcontractor or agent of the Company or any such Subsidiary has discharged, demoted, suspended, threatened, harassed or in any other manner discriminated against an employee of the Company or any Subsidiary in the terms and conditions of employment because of any act of such employee described in 18 U.S.C. § 1514A(a).

(k) All accounts receivable of the Company and its Subsidiaries reflected on the Balance Sheet or arising thereafter have arisen from bona fide transactions in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practices and in accordance with SEC regulations and GAAP applied on a consistent basis and are not subject to valid defenses, setoffs or counterclaims. The Company’s reserve for contractual allowances and doubtful accounts, to the knowledge of the Company, is adequate and has been calculated in a manner consistent with past practices. Since the date of the Balance Sheet, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has modified or changed in any material respect its sales practices or methods including, without limitation, such practices or methods in accordance with which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries sell goods, fill orders or record sales.

(l) All accounts payable of the Company and its Subsidiaries reflected on the Balance Sheet or arising thereafter are the result of bona fide transactions in the ordinary course of business. Since the date of the Balance Sheet, the Company and its Subsidiaries have not altered in any material respects their practices for the payment of such accounts payable, including the timing of such payment.

SECTION 5.08 Absence of Certain Changes or Events. Since December 31, 2007, except as set forth in Section 5.08 of the Disclosure Schedule, or as expressly contemplated by this Agreement, or specifically disclosed in the SEC Reports filed since December 31, 2007 and prior to the Effective Date, (a) the Company and the Subsidiaries have conducted their businesses only in the ordinary course and in a manner consistent with past practice, (b) there has not been any Material Adverse Effect, and (c) none of the Company or any Subsidiary has taken any action that, if taken after the Effective Date, would constitute a material breach of any of the covenants set forth in Section 7.01.

SECTION 5.09 Absence of Litigation. Except as set forth in Section 5.09 of the Disclosure Schedule, there is no material litigation, suit, claim, action, proceeding or investigation (an “Action”) pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against the Company or any Subsidiary, or any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary, before any Governmental Authority. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary nor any material property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is subject to any continuing order of, consent

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decree, settlement agreement or similar written agreement with, or, to the knowledge of the Company, continuing investigation by, any Governmental Authority, or any order, writ, judgment, injunction, decree, determination or award of any Governmental Authority.

SECTION 5.10 Employee Benefit Plans. (a) Section 5.10(a) of the Disclosure Schedule lists (i) all employee benefit plans (as defined in Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”)) and all bonus, stock option, stock purchase, restricted stock, incentive, deferred compensation, retiree medical or life insurance, supplemental retirement, severance or other benefit plans, programs or arrangements, and all employment, termination, severance or other contracts or agreements, whether legally enforceable or not, to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party, with respect to which the Company or any Subsidiary has any obligation or which are maintained, contributed to or sponsored by the Company or any Subsidiary for the benefit of any current or former employee, officer or director of, or any current or former consultant to, the Company or any Subsidiary, (ii) each employee benefit plan for which the Company or any Subsidiary could incur liability under Section 4069 of ERISA in the event such plan has been or were to be terminated, (iii) any plan in respect of which the Company or any Subsidiary could incur liability under Section 4212(c) of ERISA, and (iv) any contracts, arrangements or understandings between the Company or any Subsidiary and any employee of the Company or any Subsidiary including, without limitation, any contracts, arrangements or understandings relating in any way to a sale of the Company or any Subsidiary (collectively, the “Plans”). Each Plan is in writing and the Company has furnished to Purchaser a true and complete copy of each Plan and has delivered to Purchaser a true and complete copy of each material document, if any, prepared in connection with each such Plan, including, without limitation, (i) a copy of each trust or other funding arrangement, (ii) each summary plan description and summary of material modifications, (iii) the most recently filed Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) Form 5500, if any, (iv) the most recently received IRS determination letter for each such Plan that is intended to qualify under Section 401(a) of the Code, and (v) the most recently prepared actuarial report and financial statement in connection with each such Plan. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has any express or implied commitment, whether legally enforceable or not, (i) to create, incur liability with respect to or cause to exist any other employee benefit plan, program or arrangement, (ii) to enter into any contract or agreement to provide compensation or benefits to any individual, or (iii) to modify, change or terminate any Plan, other than with respect to a modification, change or termination required by ERISA or the Code.

(b) None of the Plans is a multiemployer plan (within the meaning of Section 3(37) or 4001(a)(3) of ERISA) (a “Multiemployer Plan”) or a single employer pension plan (within the meaning of Section 4001(a)(15) of ERISA) for which the Company or any Subsidiary could incur liability under Section 4063 or 4064 of ERISA (a “Multiple Employer Plan”). Except as set forth in Section 5.10(b) of the Disclosure Schedule, none of the Plans (i) provides for the payment of separation, severance, termination or similar-type benefits to any Person, (ii) obligates the Company or any Subsidiary to pay separation, severance, termination or similar-type benefits solely or partially as a result of any transaction contemplated by this Agreement, or (iii) obligates the Company or any Subsidiary to make any payment or provide any benefit as a result of a “change in control”, within the meaning of such term under Section 280G of the Code. None of the Plans provides for or promises retiree medical, disability or life insurance benefits to any current or former employee, officer or director of the Company or any Subsidiary. Each of the Plans, other than the Non-U.S. Benefit Plans (as defined below), is subject only to the Laws of the United States or a political subdivision thereof.

(c) Each Plan is now and always has been operated in all material respects in accordance with its terms and the requirements of all applicable Laws including, without limitation, ERISA and the Code. The Company and the Subsidiaries have performed all material obligations required to be performed by them under, are not in any respect in material default under or in violation of, and have no knowledge of any default or violation by any party to, any Plan. No Action is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened with respect to any Plan (other than claims for benefits in the ordinary course) and no fact or event exists that could give rise to any such Action.

(d) Each Plan that is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code or Section 401(k) of the Code has timely received a favorable determination letter from the IRS covering all of the provisions

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applicable to the Plan for which determination letters are currently available that the Plan is so qualified and each trust established in connection with any Plan which is intended to be exempt from federal income taxation under Section 501(a) of the Code has received a determination letter from the IRS that it is so exempt, and no fact or event has occurred since the date of such determination letter or letters from the IRS to adversely affect the qualified status of any such Plan or the exempt status of any such trust.

(e) There has not been any prohibited transaction (within the meaning of Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code) with respect to any Plan. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has incurred any liability under, arising out of or by operation of Title IV of ERISA (other than liability for premiums to the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation arising in the ordinary course), including, without limitation, any liability in connection with (i) the termination or reorganization of any employee benefit plan subject to Title IV of ERISA, or (ii) the withdrawal from any Multiemployer Plan or Multiple Employer Plan, and no fact or event exists which could give rise to any such liability. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has incurred any liability for any penalty or tax arising under Section 4971, 4972, 4980, 4980B or 6652 of the Code or any liability under Section 502 of ERISA, and no fact or event exists that could give rise to any such liability. No complete or partial termination has occurred within the five-years preceding the Effective Date with respect to any Plan. None of the assets of the Company or any Subsidiary is the subject of any lien arising under Section 302(f) of ERISA or Section 412(n) of the Code. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has been required to post any security under Section 307 of ERISA or Section 401(a)(29) of the Code. No fact or event exists that could give rise to such lien or requirement to post any such security.

(f) All contributions, premiums or payments required to be made with respect to any Plan have been made on or before their due dates. All such contributions have been fully deducted for income tax purposes and no such deduction has been challenged or disallowed by any Governmental Authority and no fact or event exists which could give rise to any such challenge or disallowance.

(g) Except as set forth in Section 5.10(g) of the Disclosure Schedule, all directors, officers, management employees, and technical and professional employees of the Company and the Subsidiaries are under written obligation to the Company and the Subsidiaries to maintain in confidence all confidential or proprietary information acquired by them in the course of their employment.

(h) In addition to the foregoing, with respect to each Plan that is not subject to United States law (a “Non-U.S. Benefit Plan”):

(i) all employer and employee contributions to each Non-U.S. Benefit Plan required by law or by the terms of such Non-U.S. Benefit Plan have been made, or, if applicable, accrued in accordance with normal accounting practices, and a pro rata contribution for the period prior to and including the Effective Date has been made or accrued;

(ii) the fair market value of the assets of each funded Non-U.S. Benefit Plan, the liability of each insurer for any Non-U.S. Benefit Plan funded through insurance or the book reserve established for any Non-U.S. Benefit Plan, together with any accrued contributions, is sufficient to procure or provide for the benefits determined on any ongoing basis (actual or contingent) accrued to the Effective Date with respect to all current and former participants under such Non-U.S. Benefit Plan according to the actuarial assumptions and valuations most recently used to determine employer contributions to such Non-U.S. Benefit Plan, and no Transaction shall cause such assets or insurance obligations to be less than such benefit obligations; and

(iii) each Non-U.S. Benefit Plan required to be registered has been registered and has been maintained in good standing with applicable regulatory authorities. Each Non-U.S. Benefit Plan has been operated in full compliance with all applicable non-United States laws.

(i) The consummation of the Transactions will not, either alone or in combination with another event, (i) entitle any current or former employee, officer or director of the Company or any Subsidiary to severance pay, unemployment compensation or any other payment, or (ii) accelerate the time of payment or vesting, or increase the amount of compensation (in cash or otherwise) due any such employee, officer or director

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(except as required under Code Section 411(d)(3)). Without regard to any determination made under Section 280G(b)(4), no payment or benefit (whether under a Plan, a contract, agreement, arrangement or otherwise), which will or may be made by the Company, any Subsidiary or any of their respective Affiliates with respect to any current, former or retired employee, officer or director of the Company or any Subsidiary, will be characterized as an “excess parachute payment” within the meaning of Section 280G(b)(2).

SECTION 5.11 Labor and Employment Matters. (a) (i) There are no material controversies pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened between the Company or any Subsidiary and any of their respective employees; (ii) neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is a party to any collective bargaining agreement or other labor union contract applicable to Persons employed by the Company or any Subsidiary, nor, to the knowledge of the Company, are there any activities or proceedings of any labor union to organize any such employees; (iii) neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has, in any material respect, breached or otherwise failed to comply with any provision of any such agreement or contract, and there are no grievances outstanding against the Company or any Subsidiary under any such agreement or contract; (iv) there are no material unfair labor practice complaints pending against the Company or any Subsidiary before the National Labor Relations Board or any current union representation questions involving employees of the Company or any Subsidiary; and (v) there is no strike, slowdown, work stoppage or lockout, or, to the knowledge of the Company, threat thereof, by or with respect to any employees of the Company or any Subsidiary.

(b) The Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance with all applicable Laws relating to the employment of labor, including those related to wages, hours, immigration, work permits and naturalization, collective bargaining and the payment and withholding of taxes and other sums as required by the appropriate Governmental Authority in all material respects, and have withheld and paid to the appropriate Governmental Authority or are holding for payment not yet due to such Governmental Authority all amounts required to be withheld from employees of the Company or any Subsidiary and are not liable for any arrears of wages, taxes, penalties or other sums for failure to comply with any of the foregoing. The Company and the Subsidiaries have paid in full to all employees or adequately accrued for in accordance with GAAP consistently applied all wages, salaries, commissions, bonuses, benefits and other compensation due to or on behalf of such employees and there is no claim with respect to payment of wages, salary or overtime pay that has been asserted or is now pending or threatened before any Governmental Authority with respect to any Persons currently or formerly employed by the Company or any Subsidiary. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is a party to, or otherwise bound by, any consent decree with, or citation by, any Governmental Authority relating to employees or employment practices. There is no charge or proceeding with respect to a violation of any occupational safety or health standards that has been asserted or is now pending or threatened with respect to the Company. There is no charge of discrimination in employment or employment practices, for any reason, including, without limitation, age, gender, race, religion or other legally protected category, which has been asserted or is now pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened before the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, or any other Governmental Authority in any jurisdiction in which the Company or any Subsidiary has employed or employ any Person.

(c) The Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K/A filed April 29, 2008 and Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed April 17, 2007 contains, with respect to the named executive officers therein and the Company’s directors (to the extent applicable), with respect to the prior fiscal year, the annual salary, bonuses, deferred or contingent compensation, perquisites, “golden parachute” and other like benefits paid or payable (in cash or otherwise) for 2007 and 2006, respectively, and the date of employment and job position of such named executive officers, all to the extent required under applicable SEC rules and regulations.

SECTION 5.12 Offer Documents; Proxy Statement and Registration Statement. (a) The Exchange Offer Documents (assuming any changes requested by the Company so that the Exchange Offer Documents shall not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of circumstances under which they are made, not

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misleading, have been accepted for inclusion in the Exchange Offer Documents) and the information supplied by the Company for inclusion in the Tender Offer Documents shall not, at the times the Offer Documents or any amendments or supplements thereto are first published, sent or given to the holders of the 12% Senior Notes or the holders of the Remaining Shares of the Preferred Stock, as the case may be, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

(b) The Proxy Statement to be sent to the holders of Common Stock of the Company in connection with the Common Stockholders Meeting, shall, at the date the Proxy Statement (or any amendment or supplement thereto) is first mailed to stockholders of the Company, at the time of the Common Stockholders Meeting and at the Closing Date, not contain any statement which, at the time and in light of the circumstances under which it was made, is false or misleading with respect to any material fact, or which omits to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein not false or misleading or necessary to correct any statement in any earlier communication with respect to the solicitation of proxies for the Common Stockholders Meeting which shall have become false or misleading in any material respect. The Proxy Statement shall comply in all material respects as to form with the requirements of the Exchange Act. The consent solicitation documents to be sent to the holders of the Preferred Stock, at the request of Purchaser pursuant to Section 7.02(b) hereof, in connection with the Preferred Stockholder Consents (the “Stockholder Consent Materials”), shall, at the date such documents (or any amendment or supplement thereto) are first mailed to the holders of the Preferred Stock, and at the Closing Date, not contain any statement which, at the time and in light of the circumstances under which it was made, is false or misleading with respect to any material fact, or which omits to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein not false or misleading or necessary to correct any statement in any earlier communication with respect to the solicitation of the Preferred Stockholder Consents which shall have become false or misleading in any material respect.

(c) To the extent applicable, the Registration Statement (as defined below), at the date such document (or any amendment or supplement thereto) is first filed with the SEC, and at the Closing Date, shall not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.

SECTION 5.13 Real Property; Title to Assets. (a) Section 5.13(a) of the Disclosure Schedule lists each parcel of real property (except Oil and Gas Interests) currently owned by the Company or any Subsidiary. Each parcel of real property (except Oil and Gas Interests) owned by the Company or any Subsidiary, except as set forth on Section 5.13(a) of the Disclosure Schedule, (i) is owned free and clear of all mortgages, pledges, liens, security interests, conditional and installment sale agreements, encumbrances, charges or other claims of third parties of any kind, including, without limitation, any easement, right of way or other encumbrance to title, or any option, right of first refusal, or right of first offer (collectively, “Liens”), other than (A) Liens for current Taxes and assessments not yet past due, (B) inchoate mechanics’ and materialmen’s Liens for construction in progress, (C) workmen’s, repairmen’s, warehousemen’s and carriers’ Liens arising in the ordinary course of business of the Company or such Subsidiary consistent with past practice, and (D) all matters of record, Liens and other imperfections of title and encumbrances that, would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect (collectively, “Permitted Liens”), and (ii) is neither subject to any governmental decree or order to be sold nor is being condemned, expropriated or otherwise taken by any public authority with or without payment of compensation therefor, nor, to the knowledge of the Company, has any such condemnation, expropriation or taking been proposed.

(b) Section 5.13(b) of the Disclosure Schedule lists each material parcel of real property (except Oil and Gas Interests) currently leased or subleased by the Company or any Subsidiary, with the name of the lessor and the date of the lease, sublease, assignment of the lease, any guaranty given or leasing commissions payable by the Company or any Subsidiary in connection therewith and each amendment to any of the foregoing (collectively, the “Lease Documents”). True, correct and complete copies of all Lease Documents have been delivered to Purchaser. All such current leases and subleases are in full force and effect, are valid and effective

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in accordance with their respective terms, and there is not, under any of such leases, any existing material default or event of default (or event which, with notice or lapse of time, or both, would constitute a material default) by the Company or any Subsidiary or, to the Company’s knowledge, by the other party to such lease or sublease, or Person in the chain of title to such leased premises.

(c) Except as set forth on Sections 5.13(a) and 5.13(b) of the Disclosure Schedule, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has leased any parcel or any portion of any parcel of real property owned by the Company or any Subsidiary or subleased any portion of any real property leased or subleased by the Company or any Subsidiary to any other Person and no other Person has any rights to the use, occupancy or enjoyment thereof pursuant to any lease, sublease, license, occupancy or other agreement to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party, nor has the Company or any Subsidiary assigned its interest under any lease listed on Section 5.13(b) of the Disclosure Schedule to any third party.

(d) Each parcel of real property owned or leased by the Company or any Subsidiary currently has access to public roads or valid easements over private streets or private property for such ingress to and egress from such parcel in each case as is necessary for the conduct of the business of the Company or such Subsidiary as it has heretofore been conducted and as presently planned to be conducted by the Company and any Subsidiary in the future.

(e) There are no contractual or legal restrictions that preclude or restrict the ability to use any material real property (except Oil and Gas Interests) owned or leased by the Company or any Subsidiary for the purposes for which it is currently being used. There are no material latent defects or material adverse physical conditions affecting the real property (except Oil and Gas Interests), and improvements thereon, owned or leased by the Company or any Subsidiary other than those that would not, individually or in the aggregate, prevent or materially delay consummation of any of the Transactions or otherwise prevent or materially delay the Company or any Subsidiary from performing its obligations under this Agreement and would not, individually or in the aggregate have a Material Adverse Effect.

(f) Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries has good and valid title to, or, in the case of leased properties and assets, valid leasehold or subleasehold interests in, all of its material properties and assets, tangible and intangible, real, personal and mixed, used or held for use in its business, free and clear of any Liens, except as set forth in Section 5.13(a) or (b) of the Disclosure Schedule and except for such imperfections of title, if any, that do not materially interfere with the present value of the subject property.

SECTION 5.14 Intellectual Property. (a) (i) The conduct of the business of the Company and the Subsidiaries as currently conducted and as currently contemplated to be conducted and the use of the Company Owned Intellectual Property and the Company Licensed Intellectual Property in connection therewith do not conflict with, infringe upon, misappropriate or otherwise violate the Intellectual Property rights of any third party in any material respect, and no claim has been asserted to the Company or any Subsidiary that the conduct of the business of the Company and the Subsidiaries as currently conducted or as currently contemplated to be conducted conflicts with, infringes upon or may infringe upon, misappropriates or otherwise violates the Intellectual Property rights of any third party; (ii) with respect to each item of Company Owned Intellectual Property, the Company or a Subsidiary is the exclusive owner of the entire unencumbered right, title and interest in and to such Company Owned Intellectual Property and is entitled to use such Company Owned Intellectual Property in the continued operation of its respective business without limitation in any material respect; (iii) with respect to each item of Company Licensed Intellectual Property, the Company or a Subsidiary has the valid right to use such Company Licensed Intellectual Property in the continued operation of its respective business in accordance with the terms of the license agreement governing such Company Licensed Intellectual Property; (iv) to the knowledge of the Company, the Company Owned Intellectual Property is valid and enforceable, and has not been adjudged invalid or unenforceable in whole or in part; (v) to the knowledge of the Company, no Person is engaging in any activity that infringes upon or misappropriates the Company Owned Intellectual Property; (vi) to the knowledge of the Company, each license of the Company Licensed Intellectual Property is valid and enforceable (except as may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar laws affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally and by general principles of equity), is binding on all

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parties to such license, and is in full force and effect; (vii) to the knowledge of the Company, no party to any license of the Company Licensed Intellectual Property is in breach thereof or default thereunder; and (viii) neither the execution of this Agreement nor the consummation of the Transactions shall adversely affect any of the rights of the Company or any Subsidiary with respect to the Company Owned Intellectual Property or the Company Licensed Intellectual Property in any material respect.

(b) The Company and the Subsidiaries have taken reasonable steps in accordance with normal industry practice to maintain the confidentiality of their trade secrets and other confidential Intellectual Property and the validity of their other Intellectual Property.

SECTION 5.15 Taxes. The Company and the Subsidiaries have filed all United States federal, state, local and non-United States Tax returns and reports required to be filed by them and have paid and discharged all Taxes required to be paid or discharged, other than such payments as are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings. All such Tax returns are true, accurate and complete in all material respects. Neither the IRS nor any other United States or non-United States taxing authority or agency is now asserting or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatening to assert against the Company or any Subsidiary any deficiency or claim for any Taxes or interest thereon or penalties in connection therewith. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has granted any waiver of any statute of limitations with respect to, or any extension of a period for the assessment of, any Tax. The accruals and reserves for Taxes reflected in the Balance Sheet are adequate to cover all Taxes accruable through such date (including interest and penalties, if any, thereon) in accordance with GAAP. There are no material Tax liens upon any property or assets of the Company or any of the Subsidiaries except liens for current Taxes not yet due. Neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries has been required to include in income any adjustment pursuant to Section 481 of the Code (or any corresponding or similar provision of state, local or non-United States Tax law) by reason of a voluntary change in accounting method initiated by the Company or any of the Subsidiaries, and neither the IRS nor any other United States or non-United States taxing authority or agency has given a written or formal oral notice of the initiation or proposal of any such adjustment or change in accounting method. Except as set forth in the financial statements described in Section 5.07, neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries has entered into a transaction which is being accounted for under the installment method of Section 453 of the Code (or any corresponding or similar provision of state, local or non-United States Tax law), which would, individually or in the aggregate, prevent or materially delay consummation of any of the Transactions or otherwise prevent or materially delay the Company from performing its obligations under this Agreement. There is not outstanding any claim by a taxing authority or agency in a jurisdiction where the Company or a Subsidiary does not file Tax returns that the Company or a Subsidiary is or may be subject to Tax in that jurisdiction.

SECTION 5.16 Environmental Matters. Except as described in Section 5.16 of the Disclosure Schedule, (a) both the Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with and for the past four years, have been in compliance with all applicable Environmental Law and Environmental Permits in all material respects; (b) all past non-compliance with Environmental Laws or Environmental Permits has been resolved without any material pending, on-going or future obligation, cost or liability; (c) none of the properties currently or formerly owned, leased or operated by the Company or any Subsidiary (including, without limitation, soils and surface and ground waters) are contaminated with any Hazardous Substance or otherwise in material violation of Environmental Law; (d) none of the Company or any of the Subsidiaries is actually or allegedly liable for any off-site contamination by Hazardous Substances; (e) none of the Company or any of the Subsidiaries is actually or allegedly liable under any Environmental Law (including, without limitation, pending or threatened liens); (f) each of the Company and each Subsidiary has all material Environmental Permits; (g) each of the Company and each Subsidiary is in compliance with its Environmental Permits in all material respects; (h) to the knowledge of the Company, neither the execution of this Agreement nor the consummation of the Transactions will require any investigation, remediation or other action with respect to Hazardous Substances, or any notice to or consent of Governmental Authorities or third parties, pursuant to any applicable Environmental Law or Environmental Permit; (i) there are no underground storage tanks in which Hazardous Substances are being or have been treated, stored or disposed on any of the Oil and Gas Interests or, to its knowledge, on any property

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formerly owned, leased, used or occupied by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries; (j) none of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries are conducting, and have not undertaken or completed, any Remedial Action relating to any Release or threatened Release of Hazardous Substances at any location, either voluntarily or pursuant to the order of any Governmental Authority or the requirements of any Environmental Law or Environmental Permit; (k) there are no material Environmental Claims pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against the Company, its Subsidiaries, or the Oil and Gas Interests, and to its knowledge, there are no circumstances that can reasonably be expected to form the basis of any such Environmental Claim; and (l) the Company has provided Purchaser with copies of (i) any material environmental assessment or audit reports or other similar studies or analyses relating to the Oil and Gas Interests, the Company or any Subsidiary prepared within the last three years and (ii) all insurance policies issued at any time that may provide coverage to the Company or any Subsidiary for environmental matters.

SECTION 5.17 Material Contracts. (a) Section 5.17(a) of the Disclosure Schedule lists the following types of contracts and agreements to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party (such contracts and agreements as are required to be set forth in Section 5.17(a) of the Disclosure Schedule being the “Material Contracts”):

(i) each “material contract” (as such term is defined in Item 610(b)(10) of Regulation S-K of the SEC) with respect to the Company and its Subsidiaries;

(ii) each material Hydrocarbon Contract;

(iii) each material license and permit required under applicable Law in connection with the conduct of oil and gas exploration and production by the Company and the Subsidiaries;

(iv) each material Software license relating to primary geological and financial processes to which the Company or any Subsidiary is subject;

(v) each contract and agreement, whether or not made in the ordinary course of business, that contemplates an exchange of consideration with a value of more than US$200,000, in the aggregate, over the term of such contract or agreement;

(vi) all contracts and agreements evidencing indebtedness in excess of US$200,000;

(vii) all joint venture, partnership, strategic alliance and business acquisition or divestiture agreements (and all letters of intent, term sheets and draft agreements relating to any such pending transactions);

(viii) all agreements relating to issuances of securities of the Company or any Subsidiary (and all letters of intent, term sheets and draft agreements relating to any such pending transactions);

(ix) all framework agreements to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party relating to purchases of goods or services from the Company or any Subsidiary;

(x) all exclusive distribution contracts to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party;

(xi) all leases of real property leased for the use or benefit of the Company or any Subsidiary requiring rental payments in excess of US$200,000 over the period of the lease;

(xii) all contracts relating in whole or in part to Intellectual Property pursuant to which the Company or any Subsidiary obtains from any third party any material Intellectual Property rights or the right to manufacture, distribute or sell any product of the Company or such third party;

(xiii) all contracts relating in whole or in part to Intellectual Property pursuant to which the Company or any Subsidiary grants to any third party any material Intellectual Property rights or the right to manufacture, distribute or sell any product of the Company or such third party;

(xiv) all management contracts (excluding contracts for employment) and contracts with other consultants, including any contracts involving the payment of royalties or other amounts calculated based upon the revenues or income of the Company or any Subsidiary or income or revenues related to any product of the Company or any Subsidiary to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party;

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(xv) all contracts and agreements with any Governmental Authority to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party;

(xvi) all contracts and agreements that limit, or purport to limit, the ability of the Company or any Subsidiary to compete in any line of business or with any Person or entity or in any geographic area or during any period of time;

(xvi) all contracts and agreements providing for benefits under any Plan;

(xviii) all material contracts or arrangements that result in any Person or entity holding a power of attorney from the Company or any Subsidiary that relates to the Company, any Subsidiary or their respective businesses;

(xix) all agreements related to professional services rendered to the Company or any Subsidiary in connection with the Transactions;

(xx) all contracts for employment required to be listed in Section 5.10 of the Disclosure Schedule; and

(xxi) all other contracts and agreements, whether or not made in the ordinary course of business, which are material to the Company, any Subsidiary or the conduct of their businesses.

(b) Except as set forth in Section 5.17(b) of the Disclosure Schedule, (i) each Material Contract is a legal, valid and binding agreement, (ii) none of the Company or any Subsidiary has received any claim of default under or cancellation of any Material Contract and none of the Company or any Subsidiary is in material breach or violation of, or material default under, any Material Contract; (iii) to the Company’s knowledge, no other party is in breach or violation of, or default under, any Material Contract; and (iv) neither the execution of this Agreement nor the consummation of any Transaction shall constitute a default under, give rise to cancellation rights under, or otherwise adversely affect any of the rights of the Company or any Subsidiary under any Material Contract. The Company has furnished or made available to Purchaser true and complete copies of all Material Contracts, including any amendments thereto.

(c) Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is a party to or bound by any agreement or other arrangement that limits or otherwise restricts the Company or any Subsidiary or any successor thereto, or that would, after the Swap Closing, to the knowledge of the Company, materially limit or restrict the Company, Purchaser or any of their subsidiaries or any successor thereto, from engaging or competing in its business in any geographic area.

SECTION 5.18 Insurance. (a) Section 5.18(a) of the Disclosure Schedule sets forth, with respect to each insurance policy under which the Company or any Subsidiary has been an insured, a named insured or otherwise the principal beneficiary of coverage at any time within the past three years, (i) the names of the insurer, the principal insured and each named insured, (ii) the policy number, (iii) the period, scope and amount of coverage and (iv) the premium charged. The Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance with all mandatory insurance requirements in each jurisdiction that the Company or any Subsidiary has business operations.

(b) With respect to each such insurance policy: (i) the policy is legal, valid, binding and enforceable (except as may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar laws affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally and by general principles of equity) in accordance with its terms and, except for policies that have expired under their terms in the ordinary course, is in full force and effect; (ii) neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in material breach or default (including any such breach or default with respect to the payment of premiums or the giving of notice), and no event has occurred which, with notice or the lapse of time, would constitute such a material breach or default, or permit termination or material modification, under the policy; and (iii) to the knowledge of the Company, no insurer on the policy has been declared insolvent or placed in receivership, conservatorship or liquidation.

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(c) At no time subsequent to December 31, 2004 has the Company or any Subsidiary (i) been denied any insurance or indemnity bond coverage which it has requested, (ii) made any material reduction in the scope or amount of its insurance coverage, or (iii) received notice from any of its insurance carriers that any insurance premiums will be subject to increase in an amount materially disproportionate to the amount of the increases with respect thereto (or with respect to similar insurance) in prior years or that any insurance coverage listed in Section 5.18(a) of the Disclosure Schedule will not be available in the future substantially on the same terms as are now in effect.

SECTION 5.19 Certain Business Practices. None of the Company, any Subsidiary, or any of the respective directors, officers or employees, or to the knowledge of the Company, its or any Subsidiary’s agents, advisors or representatives (such directors, officers, employees, agents, advisors and representatives, collectively, “Representatives”), thereof has offered or given anything of value to: (a) any foreign official, any foreign political party or official thereof or any candidate for political office; or (b) any Person, while knowing that all or a portion of such thing of value will be offered, given, or promised, directly or indirectly, to any foreign official, to any foreign political party or official thereof, or to any candidate for foreign political office for the purpose of the following: (i) influencing any act or decision of such foreign official, political party, party official, or candidate in his or its official capacity, inducing such foreign official, political party, party official, or candidate to do or omit to do any act in violation of the lawful duty of such foreign official, political party, party official, or candidate, or securing any improper advantage or (ii) inducing such foreign official, political party, party official, or candidate to use his or its influence with a foreign government or instrumentality thereof to affect or influence any act or decision of such government or instrumentality, in order to assist the Company, any Subsidiary, or any of their Representatives, in obtaining or retaining business for or with, or directing business to, any Person, or has taken any step that has violated or could violate the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the “FCPA”) or any other applicable Law involving improper payments including, but not limited to, the Laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation (together with the FCPA, “Improper Payment Laws”). None of the Company or any Subsidiary, or, to the knowledge of the Company, any of their Representatives has received notice from, or otherwise been in contact with, the SEC or any other Governmental Authority with respect to any violation or alleged violation (whether by such Person or by a third party) of any Improper Payment Law.

SECTION 5.20 Interested Party Transactions. Except as disclosed in Section 5.20 of the Disclosure Schedule, no director or officer of the Company or any Subsidiary has or has had, directly or indirectly, (a) an economic interest in any Person that has furnished or sold, or furnishes or sells, services or products that the Company or any Subsidiary furnishes or sells, or proposes to furnish or sell; (b) an economic interest in any Person that purchases from or sells or furnishes to, the Company or any Subsidiary, any goods or services; (c) a beneficial interest in any contract or agreement disclosed in Sections 5.17 of the Disclosure Schedule or (d) any contractual or other arrangement with the Company or any Subsidiary; provided, however, that ownership of no more than one percent (1%) of the outstanding voting stock of a publicly traded corporation shall not be deemed an “economic interest in any Person” for purposes of this Section 5.20. The Company and the Subsidiaries have not, since December 31, 2007, (a) extended or maintained credit, arranged for the extension of credit or renewed an extension of credit in the form of a personal loan to or for any director or executive officer (or equivalent thereof) of the Company or (b) materially modified any term of any such extension or maintenance of credit.

SECTION 5.21 Reserve Reports. Except as disclosed in Section 5.21 of the Disclosure Schedule, all information (excluding estimates but including the statement of the percentage of reserves from the oil and gas ▇▇▇▇▇ and other interests evaluated therein to which the Company or the Subsidiaries are entitled and the percentage of the costs and expenses related to such ▇▇▇▇▇ or interests to be borne by the Company or the Subsidiaries) that was material to the Company’s estimates of proved oil and gas reserves attributable to the Oil and Gas Interests of the Company in connection with the preparation of the proved oil and gas reserve reports concerning the Oil and Gas Interests of the Company and the Subsidiaries and prepared by the Company, including, without limitation, the reserve reports provided in the Data Room and the government reserve reports filed in Kazakhstan (the “Company Reserve Reports”) was (at the time included or as modified or amended prior to the issuance of the Company Reserve Reports), true and accurate in all material respects (or, in the case of

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projected revenues, expenses and abandonment costs, to the knowledge of the Company, true and accurate in all material respects) and the Company has no knowledge of any material errors in such information. Except as disclosed in Section 5.21 of the Disclosure Schedule, there has been no change in respect of the matters addressed in the Company Reserve Reports that would have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as disclosed in Section 5.21 of the Disclosure Schedule, the Company is not aware of any material assumption set forth in any Company Reserve Reports not being reasonable and based on a good faith judgment in all respects.

SECTION 5.22 Hedging. There exist no outstanding Hydrocarbon and financial Hedging positions entered into by the Company or any Subsidiary as of the Effective Date.

SECTION 5.23 Assets. (a) All major items of operating equipment owned or leased by the Company or any Subsidiary (i) are in reasonably operable condition, taken as a whole and (ii), taken as a whole, are adequate, together with all other properties of the Company and the Subsidiaries, to comply in all material respects with the requirements of all applicable contracts, including sales contracts, and the conduct of the business of the Company and Subsidiaries.

(b) The Company has good and marketable title for oil and gas purposes to all of the Oil and Gas Interests, and to all other properties, interests in properties and assets, real and personal, free and clear of any Lien, except: (i) Liens reflected in the Balance Sheet; and (ii) Permitted Liens.

(c) The Company has not received any material advance, take-or-pay or other similar payments that entitle purchasers of production to receive deliveries of Hydrocarbons after the Effective Date without paying therefor, and on a net, company wide basis, the Company is neither underproduced or overproduced, in either case to any material extent, under gas balancing or similar arrangements, except for the contracts and agreements provided in Section 5.23(c) of the Disclosure Schedule.

SECTION 5.24 Oil and Gas Operations. (a) All ▇▇▇▇▇ included in the Oil and Gas Interests have been drilled, and if completed, completed, operated and produced in accordance with prudent oil and gas field practices applicable to the geographical area where located and in compliance in all material respects with applicable Oil and Gas Interests and Hydrocarbon Contracts and applicable Laws governing such ▇▇▇▇▇ in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation.

(b) The Oil and Gas Interests entitle the Company and the Subsidiaries (individually or collectively) to receive not less than the undivided net revenue interest set forth (or derived from) the Company Reserve Report of all Hydrocarbons produced, saved or sold from or attributable to such Oil and Gas Interests, and the portion of the costs and expenses of operation and development of such Oil and Gas Interest through plugging, abandonment and salvage of such Oil and Gas Interest, that is borne or is to be borne by the Company or any Subsidiary (individually or collectively) is not greater than the undivided working interest set forth in (or derived from) the Company Reserve Report.

(c) Sales of all Hydrocarbons produced from the Oil and Gas Interests have been made in the ordinary course of business on an arms-length basis.

(d) Proceeds from the sale of Hydrocarbons produced from the Oil and Gas Interests are being received by the Company and the Subsidiaries in a timely manner and are not being held in suspense for any reason (except in the ordinary course of business).

(e) Except as disclosed in Section 5.24(e) of the Disclosure Schedule, the Company and the Subsidiaries have properly and timely paid all Taxes, royalties, overriding royalties, rentals and other burdens on production due by any of them with respect to the Oil and Gas Interests.

(f) Except as arising under Article 71 of the Subsoil Use Law, none of the Oil and Gas Interests are subject to any preferential purchase or similar rights which may become operative as a result of the Transactions.

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(g) The Company and the Subsidiaries are, in all respects, in compliance with all licenses, permits and production contracts in connection with the oil and gas exploration and production operations of the Company and the Subsidiaries, including, without limitation, (i) the License 1557 issued by the government of the Republic of Kazakhstan to Caspi Neft TME LLP on April 29, 1999; (ii) the Exploration Contract by and between Caspi Neft TME LLP and Republic of Kazakhstan Agency on Investments, dated March 7, 2000 and (iii) Production Contract by and between Caspi Neft TME LLP and MEMR, dated December 29, 2006, and no events, condition or changes have occurred that may give any Government Authority any right to rescind, withdraw, cancel or modify, in a manner adverse to the Company and the Subsidiaries, any such license and contracts.

SECTION 5.25 S-3 Registration Statements. The Company has filed with the SEC registration statements on Form S-3 (“S-3 Registration Statements”) relating to the offer and sale of all issued and outstanding shares of Preferred Stock. The S-3 Registration Statements with respect to the Senior Preferred Stock has been declared effective by the SEC. The failure by the Company to have an effective S-3 Registration Statement with respect to the Junior Preferred Stock will not impede, prevent, impair or otherwise adversely impact the holders of the Junior Preferred Stock from selling or otherwise transferring their shares of Junior Preferred Stock to Purchaser pursuant to the Junior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement or the Tender Offer, as the case may be, assuming that Purchaser’s representations and warranties in Section 6.07 are true, correct and complete. The shares of Junior Preferred Stock are “restricted securities” under Rule 144(a)(3) under the Securities Act and any offer or sale of the Junior Preferred Stock may not be made other than pursuant to an effective registration statement or pursuant to an available exemption from registration.

SECTION 5.26 Additional Returns. Exhibit 1.01 sets forth a true and complete list of all Persons that are entitled to receive additional returns from the Company pursuant to the Additional Return Agreements.

SECTION 5.27 Company Action. The Board, at a meeting duly called and held on June 10, 2008, has unanimously (i) determined that the Transaction Agreements to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party and the Transactions applicable to the Company or any Subsidiary are in the best interests of the Company and the Subsidiaries, (ii) approved, adopted and declared advisable the Transaction Agreements to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party and the Transactions applicable to the Company or any Subsidiary, including the amendments set forth in the Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation, the Amended and Restated By-laws, the Amendment to the Certificate of Designations of the Senior Preferred Stock and the Amendment to the Certificate of Designations of the Junior Preferred Stock (such approval and adoption having been made in accordance with the DGCL, subject to any additional Board approvals as may be necessary in connection with Section 7.13 to approve and adopt, if applicable, the final form of Certificate of Designations of Series B-1 Preferred Stock and the Certificate of Designations of Series B-2 Preferred Stock ), (iii) approved Purchaser and its “affiliates” and “associates” (each as defined in Section 203 of the DGCL) becoming “interested shareholders” within the meaning of Section 203 of the DGCL, (iv) resolved to recommend to the holders of the Remaining Shares of the Preferred Stock that they accept the Tender Offer and tender their shares pursuant to the Tender Offer, (v) resolved to recommend to the holders of the 12% Senior Notes that they accept the Exchange Offer and tender their notes pursuant to the Exchange Offer, and (vi) resolved to recommend to the stockholders of the Company to approve and adopt the Transaction Agreements to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party and the Transactions applicable to the Company or any Subsidiary, including the amendments set forth in the Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation, the Amended and Restated By-laws, the Amendment to the Certificate of Designations of the Senior Preferred Stock and the Amendment to the Certificate of Designations of the Junior Preferred Stock.

SECTION 5.28 Brokers. Other than ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇, a division of ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ & Company, Inc. and as otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement, no broker, finder or investment banker is entitled to any brokerage, finder’s or other fee or commission in connection with the Transactions based upon arrangements made by or on behalf of the Company.

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ARTICLE VI

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF PURCHASER

As an inducement to the Company to enter into this Agreement, Purchaser hereby, represents and warrants to the Company that:

SECTION 6.01 Corporate Organization. Purchaser is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of Bermuda and has the requisite corporate power and authority and all necessary governmental approvals to own, lease and operate its properties and to carry on its business as it is now being conducted, except where the failure to be so organized, existing or in good standing or to have such power, authority and governmental approvals would not, individually or in the aggregate, prevent or materially delay consummation of any of the Transactions or otherwise prevent Purchaser from performing its obligations under the Transaction Agreements.

SECTION 6.02 Authority Relative to the Transaction Agreements. Purchaser has all necessary corporate power and authority to execute and deliver each of the Transaction Agreements, to perform its obligations thereunder and to consummate the Transactions except for the Purchaser Shareholders Approval. The execution and delivery of the Transaction Agreements by Purchaser and the consummation by Purchaser of the Transactions have been duly and validly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of Purchaser, and no other corporate proceedings on the part Purchaser are necessary to authorize any of the Transaction Agreements or to consummate the Transactions except for the Purchaser Shareholders Approval. The Transaction Agreements have been duly and validly executed and delivered by Purchaser and, assuming due authorization, execution and delivery by the Company, constitute legal, valid and binding obligations of Purchaser enforceable against Purchaser in accordance with their terms.

SECTION 6.03 No Conflict; Required Filings and Consents. (a) The execution and delivery of the Transaction Agreements by Purchaser do not, and the performance of the Transaction Agreements by Purchaser will not, and the consummation of the Transactions by Purchaser will not, (i) assuming the Purchaser Shareholders Approval has been obtained, conflict with or violate the Memorandum of Association and By-laws of Purchaser, (ii) assuming that all consents, approvals and other authorizations described in Section 6.03(b) have been obtained, that all filings and other actions described in Section 6.03(b) have been made or taken, and that the Purchaser Shareholders Approval has been obtained, conflict with or violate, in any material respect, any Law applicable to Purchaser or by which any property or asset of Purchaser is bound or affected, or (iii) result in any material breach of, or constitute a material default (or an event which, with notice or lapse of time or both, would become a material default) under, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, or result in the creation of a lien or other encumbrance on any material property or asset of Purchaser pursuant to, any note, bond, mortgage, indenture, contract, agreement, lease, license, permit, franchise or other instrument or obligation to which Purchaser is a party or by which Purchaser or any property or asset of Purchaser is bound or affected.

(b) The execution and delivery of the Transaction Agreements by Purchaser do not, and the performance of the Transaction Agreements by Purchaser will not, require any consent, approval, authorization or permit of, or filing with or notification to, any Governmental Authority, except for (i) the requirements of Exon-▇▇▇▇▇▇ Provisions, to the extent applicable, (ii) the requirements of applicable Securities Laws, (iii) the requirements of applicable Anti-trust Laws, (iv) the filing and recordation of appropriate documents as required by the DGCL, (v) the Article 71 Waiver, (vi) the Exchange Approvals and (vii) as would not prevent or materially delay consummation of any of the Transactions or otherwise prevent or materially delay Purchaser from performing its obligations under this Agreement.

SECTION 6.04 Financing. Purchaser has sufficient funds to consummate the Transactions, including, without limitation, payment for acquiring the Junior Preferred Stock owned by the Key Junior Preferred Stockholders, and payment of the Tender Offer Price, the 12% Senior Notes Cash Payments, the First Tranche Price, the Second Tranche Price and the Additional Returns.

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SECTION 6.05 Offer Documents; Proxy Statement. The Tender Offer Documents and the information supplied by Purchaser for inclusion in the Exchange Offer Documents, shall not, at the time the Offer Documents are first published, sent or given to the holders of the Preferred Stock or the holders of the 12% Senior Notes, as the case may be, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The information supplied by Purchaser for inclusion in the Proxy Statement shall not, at the date the Proxy Statement (or any amendment or supplement thereto) is first mailed to holders of Common Stock of the Company or at the time of the Common Stockholders Meeting, contain any untrue statement of a material fact, or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not false or misleading, or necessary to correct any statement in any earlier communication with respect to the solicitation of proxies for the Common Stockholders Meeting which shall have become false or misleading. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Purchaser makes no representation or warranty with respect to any information supplied by the Company or any of its representatives for inclusion in any of the foregoing documents or the Offer Documents. The Tender Offer Documents shall comply in all material respects as to form with the applicable requirements of the Exchange Act.

SECTION 6.06 Brokers. No broker, finder or investment banker (other than Citigroup Global Markets Inc.) is entitled to any brokerage, finder’s or other fee or commission in connection with the Transactions based upon arrangements made by or on behalf of Purchaser.

SECTION 6.07 Investment Status. Purchaser is an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act:

(a) Purchaser has such knowledge, skill and experience in business, financial and investment matters that it is capable of evaluating the merits and risks of an investment in the New Preferred Stock, the Common Stock and the Warrants which it is acquiring hereunder; and

(b) Purchaser is acquiring the New Preferred Stock, the Common Stock and the Warrants solely for its beneficial account, for investment purposes, and not with a view to, or for resale in connection with, any distribution of such New Preferred Stock, Common Stock or Warrants in violation of applicable U.S. securities laws.

ARTICLE VII

ADDITIONAL AGREEMENTS

SECTION 7.01 Conduct of Business. The Company agrees that, between the Effective Date and the Closing Date, unless Purchaser shall otherwise agree in writing (or unless the Company has provided written notice of such desired action and Purchaser shall not have objected within five (5) Business Days of receipt thereof), the businesses of the Company and the Subsidiaries shall be conducted only in, and the Company and the Subsidiaries shall not take any action except in, the ordinary course of business and in a manner consistent with past practice; and the Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to preserve substantially intact the business organization of the Company and the Subsidiaries, to keep available the services of the current officers, employees and consultants of the Company and the Subsidiaries and to preserve the current relationships of the Company and the Subsidiaries with customers, suppliers and other Persons with which the Company or any Subsidiary has significant business relations. By way of amplification and not limitation, except as expressly contemplated by the Transaction Agreements and Exhibit 7.01 attached hereto, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary shall, between the Effective Date and the Closing Date, directly or indirectly, do, or propose to do, any of the following without the prior written consent of Purchaser (or unless the Company has provided written notice of such desired action and Purchaser shall not have objected within five (5) Business Days of receipt thereof):

(a) amend or otherwise change its Certificate of Incorporation or By-laws or equivalent organizational documents;

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(b) issue, sell, pledge, dispose of, grant or encumber, or authorize the issuance, sale, pledge, disposition, grant or encumbrance of, (i) any shares of any class of capital stock of the Company or any Subsidiary, or any options, warrants, convertible securities or other rights of any kind to acquire any shares of such capital stock, or any other ownership interest (including, without limitation, any phantom interest), of the Company or any Subsidiary (except for (x) shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Preferred Stock and (y) shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the Existing Warrants and the Company Stock Plans outstanding on the Effective Date) or (ii) any assets of the Company or any Subsidiary, except in the ordinary course of business and in a manner consistent with past practice;

(c) declare, set aside, make or pay any dividend or other distribution, payable in cash, stock, property or otherwise, with respect to any of its capital stock except for dividends by any direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiary to the Company or any other Subsidiary;

(d) reclassify, combine, split, subdivide or redeem, or purchase or otherwise acquire, directly or indirectly, any of its capital stock;

(e) (i) acquire (including, without limitation, by merger, consolidation, or acquisition of stock or assets or any other business combination) any corporation, partnership, other business organization or any division thereof or any material amount of assets; (ii) incur any indebtedness for borrowed money or issue any debt securities or assume, guarantee or endorse, or otherwise become responsible for, the obligations of any Person, or make any loans or advances, or grant any security interest in any of its assets except in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practice; (iii) authorize, or make any commitment with respect to, any single capital expenditure which is in excess of US$200,000 or capital expenditures which are, in the aggregate, in excess of US$2,000,000 for the Company and the Subsidiaries taken as a whole; or (v) enter into or amend any contract, agreement, commitment or arrangement with respect to any matter set forth in this Section 7.01(e);

(f) hire additional employees or increase the compensation payable or to become payable or the benefits provided to its directors, officers or employees, except for increases in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practice in salaries, wages, bonuses, incentives or benefits of employees of the Company or any Subsidiary who are not directors or officers of the Company or any Subsidiary, or grant any severance or termination pay to, or enter into any employment or severance agreement with, any director, officer or other employee of the Company or of any Subsidiary (except as provided in Section 7.19), or establish, adopt, enter into, accelerate the vesting of or amend any collective bargaining, bonus, profit-sharing, thrift, compensation, stock option, restricted stock, pension, retirement, deferred compensation, employment, termination, severance or other plan, agreement, trust, fund, policy or arrangement for the benefit of any director, officer or employee, except that the Company may take actions to maintain the Company’s officers’ and directors’ liability insurance policies, in effect on the Effective Date (the “D&O Insurance”), for a period of not less than six years after the Swap Closing, but only to the extent related to actions or omissions prior to the Swap Closing; provided, however, that the Company may substitute therefor policies of at least the same coverage and amounts containing terms no less advantageous to such former directors or officers which shall not result in gaps or lapses of coverage with respect to matters occurring prior to the Swap Closing; provided, further, that in no event may the Company expend more than an amount per year equal to 150% (the “Maximum Amount”) of the current annual premiums paid by the Company for such insurance to maintain or procure insurance coverage pursuant hereto, and if the amount of the annual premiums necessary to maintain or procure such insurance coverage exceeds the Maximum Amount, the Company may procure and maintain for such six-year period as much coverage as reasonably practicable for the Maximum Amount; provided, further, that the Company shall have the right to cause coverage to be extended under the D&O Insurance by obtaining a six-year “tail” policy on terms and conditions no less advantageous than the Company’s existing D&O Insurance, and such “tail” policy shall satisfy the foregoing provisions;

(g) take any action, other than reasonable and usual actions in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practice, with respect to accounting policies or procedures;

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(h) make any tax election or settle or compromise any United States federal, state, local or non-United States income tax liability;

(i) amend, terminate, cancel or compromise any material claims of the Company or any Subsidiary or waive any other rights of substantial value to the Company or any Subsidiary;

(j) amend, modify or consent to the termination of any Material Contract, or amend, waive, modify or consent to the termination of any rights of the Company or any Subsidiary thereunder;

(k) commence or settle any material Action;

(l) enter into any agreement, arrangement or transaction with any of its directors, officers, employees or stockholders (or with any relative, beneficiary, spouse or Affiliate of such Persons);

(m) fail to make in a timely manner any filings with the SEC required under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder; or

(n) announce an intention, enter into any formal or informal agreement or otherwise make a commitment, to do any of the foregoing.

SECTION 7.02 Common Stockholders Meeting and Written Consent of Preferred Stockholders. (a) Notwithstanding any Change in the Company Recommendation, the Company, acting through the Board, shall, in accordance with applicable Law and the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws, duly call, give notice of, convene and hold an annual or special meeting of the holders of Common Stock as soon as practicable following the Effective Date (the “Common Stockholders Meeting”) to vote on, among other matters, (i) an amendment to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 7.02(a)(i) (the “Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation”); (ii) an increase of authorized shares of Common Stock and Preferred Stock to 1,000,000,000 shares and 15,000,000 shares, respectively; (iii) an amendment to the Certificate of Designations of the Senior Preferred Stock in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 7.02(a)(iii), subject to any revisions required by AMEX pursuant to Section 7.13 (the “Amendment to the Certificate of Designations of the Senior Preferred Stock”); (iv) an amendment to the Certificate of Designations of the Junior Preferred Stock in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 7.02(a)(iv), subject to any revisions required by AMEX pursuant to Section 7.13 (the “Amendment to the Certificate of Designations of the Junior Preferred Stock”); (v) any matters related to the Transaction Agreements or the Transactions contemplated thereby, including the issuance of the New Preferred Stock, required by AMEX to be voted on by the holders of Common Stock; and (vi) any other matters, if any, required by applicable Law or reasonably requested by Purchaser to approve and adopt the Transaction Agreements and to consummate the Transactions contemplated thereby (collectively, the “Common Stockholder Approvals”). The Company shall (i) include in (A) the proxy statement to be sent to the holders of Common Stock of the Company in connection with the Common Stockholders Meeting or other information statement to be sent to such holders (such proxy statement or information statement, as amended or supplemented, being referred to herein as the “Proxy Statement”) and (B) the Stockholder Consent Materials, and in each case not subsequently withdraw or modify in any manner adverse to Purchaser, the unanimous recommendation of the Board that the holders of Common Stock approve the matters listed in this paragraph, except as set forth in Section 7.05(b) or (c) and (ii) use its best efforts to obtain such approval, adoption or waiver.

(b) At Purchaser’s reasonable request, the Company shall, in accordance with Section 7.15 to the extent applicable, promptly solicit written consents (the “Preferred Stockholder Consents”) from the holders of each series of Preferred Stock to (i) approve (A) the Amendment to the Certificate of Designations of the Senior Preferred Stock or the Amendment to the Certificate of Designations of the Junior Preferred Stock, as the case may be, and (B) the issuance of the New Preferred Stock and (ii) approve any other matters, if any, required by applicable Law or reasonably required to approve and adopt the Transaction Agreements and to consummate the Transactions contemplated thereby, including any changes to the composition of the Board. In connection with the Preferred Stockholder Consents, Purchaser may execute written consents with respect to any shares of Preferred Stock it may hold either directly or indirectly, beneficially or of record.

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SECTION 7.03 Filing of Proxy Statement; Registration Statement. To the extent applicable and in accordance with Sections 7.02 and 7.15, the Company shall file the Proxy Statement and shall file the Registration Statement (as defined below) with the SEC under the Exchange Act, and shall use its best efforts to have the Proxy Statement and the Registration Statement cleared by the SEC as promptly as practicable. Purchaser and the Company shall cooperate with each other in the preparation of the Proxy Statement and the Registration Statement (if applicable). The Company shall notify Purchaser of the receipt of any comments of the SEC with respect to the Proxy Statement or the Registration Statement (if applicable) and of any requests by the SEC for any amendment or supplement thereto or for additional information and shall provide to Purchaser promptly copies of all correspondence between the Company or any representative of the Company and the SEC with respect thereto. The Company shall give Purchaser and its counsel a reasonable opportunity to review and comment on the Proxy Statement and the Registration Statement (if applicable) including all amendments and supplements thereto, prior to such documents being filed with the SEC or disseminated to the stockholders of the Company and shall give Purchaser and its counsel a reasonable opportunity to review and comment on all responses to requests for additional information and replies to comments prior to their being filed with, or sent to, the SEC. Each of the Company and Purchaser agrees to use its reasonable best efforts, after consultation with the other parties hereto, to respond promptly to all such comments of and requests by the SEC and to cause the Proxy Statement or the Registration Statement (if applicable), as the case may be, and all required amendments and supplements thereto to be mailed to the stockholders of the Company entitled to vote at the Common Stockholders Meetings, or filed with the SEC, as the case may be, at the earliest practicable time.

SECTION 7.04 Access to Information; Confidentiality. (a) From the Effective Date until the Closing Date, the Company shall, and shall cause the Subsidiaries and the officers, directors, employees, auditors and agents of the Company and the Subsidiaries to, afford the officers, employees and agents of Purchaser reasonable access during normal business hours to the officers, employees, agents, properties, offices, plants and other facilities, books and records of the Company and each Subsidiary, and shall furnish Purchaser with such financial, operating and other data and information in the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s possession, disclosure of which is permitted by applicable Law, as Purchaser, through its officers, employees or agents, may reasonably request.

(b) Purchaser shall, and shall cause its Affiliates and their respective directors, officers, employees and agents to, keep confidential, not disclose in any manner and use only in connection with the Transactions all data and information obtained by them from the Company and the Subsidiaries and their respective directors, officers, employees, auditors and agents (other than data or information that is or becomes ascertainable from public or published information or trade sources, except as a result of disclosure by Purchaser in violation of this Section 7.04(b)) (“Confidential Information”) and shall insure that such directors, officers, employees and agents do not disclose Confidential Information to third parties, other than in connection with the Transactions, without the prior written consent of the Company, unless disclosure of Confidential Information is required by Law or any order, decree or ruling by Governmental Authorities.

(c) No investigation pursuant to this Section 7.04 shall affect any representation or warranty in this Agreement of any party hereto or any condition to the obligations of the parties hereto or any condition to the Offers.

SECTION 7.05 No Solicitation of Transactions. (a) The Company agrees that neither it nor any Subsidiary nor any of the directors, officers or employees of it or any Subsidiary will, and that it will cause its and its Subsidiaries’ agents, advisors and other representatives (including, without limitation, any investment banker, attorney or accountant retained by it or any Subsidiary) not to, directly or indirectly, (i) solicit, initiate or encourage (including by way of furnishing nonpublic information), or take any other action to facilitate, any inquiries or the making of any proposal of offer (including, without limitation, any proposal or offer to its stockholders) that constitutes, or may reasonably be expected to lead to, any Competing Transaction, or (ii) enter into or maintain or continue discussions or negotiations with any Person or entity in furtherance of such inquiries or to obtain a proposal or offer for a Competing Transaction, or (iii) agree to, approve, endorse or recommend any Competing Transaction or enter into any letter of intent or other contract, agreement or commitment contemplating or otherwise relating to any Competing Transaction, or (iv) authorize or permit any of the officers,

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directors or employees of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or any investment banker, financial advisor, attorney, accountant or other representative retained by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, to take any such action. The Company shall notify Purchaser as promptly as practicable (and in any event within one (1) Business Day after the Company attains knowledge thereof), orally and in writing, if any proposal or offer, or any inquiry or contact with any Person with respect thereto, regarding a Competing Transaction is made, specifying the material terms and conditions thereof and the identity of the party making such proposal or offer or inquiry or contact (including material amendments or proposed material amendments). The Company shall, and shall direct or cause its and its Subsidiaries’ directors, officers, employees, representatives and agents to, immediately cease and cause to be terminated any discussions or negotiations with any parties that may have been conducted heretofore with respect to a Competing Transaction. The Company shall not release any third party from, or waive any provision of, any confidentiality or standstill agreement to which it is a party and the Company also agrees to promptly request each Person that has heretofore executed a confidentiality agreement in connection with its consideration of acquiring (whether by merger, acquisition of stock or assets or otherwise) the Company or any Subsidiary, if any, to return (or if permitted by the applicable confidentiality agreement, destroy) all confidential information heretofore furnished to such Person by or on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary and, if requested by Purchaser and at Purchaser’s expenses, to enforce such Person’s obligation to do so. The Company shall not take any action to make the provisions of Section 203 of the DGCL inapplicable to any transaction other than the Transactions.

(b) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 7.05, the Board may furnish information to, and enter into discussions with, a Person who has made an unsolicited, written, bona fide proposal or offer regarding a Competing Transaction, and the Board has (i) determined, in its good faith judgment (after having consulted with a financial advisor of nationally recognized reputation, which may include ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ & Company, Inc. or an Affiliate or division thereof), that such proposal or offer constitutes a Superior Proposal, or in the absence of a Superior Proposal, determined, in its good faith judgment after consultation with independent legal counsel, that the furnishing of such information or entering into discussions is required to comply with its fiduciary obligations to the Company and its stockholders under applicable Law, (ii) provided written notice to Purchaser of its intent to furnish information or enter into discussions with such Person at least two Business Days prior to taking any such action, and (iii) obtained from such Person an executed confidentiality agreement on customary terms (it being understood that such confidentiality agreement and any related agreements shall not include any provision calling for any exclusive right to negotiate with such party or having the effect of prohibiting the Company from satisfying its obligations under this Agreement).

(c) Except as set forth in this Section 7.05(c), neither the Board nor any committee thereof shall withdraw or modify, or propose to withdraw or modify, in a manner adverse to Purchaser, the approval or recommendation by the Board or any such committee of any Transaction Agreement or any of the Transactions (a “Change in the Company Recommendation”) or approve or recommend, or cause or permit the Company to enter into any letter of intent, agreement or obligation with respect to, any Competing Transaction. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Board determines, in its good faith judgment prior to the Swap Closing and after consultation with independent legal counsel, that it is required to make a Change in the Company Recommendation to comply with its fiduciary obligations to the Company and its stockholders under applicable Law, the Board may make a Change in the Company Recommendation, but only (i) after providing written notice to Purchaser (a “Notice of Change in Recommendation”) advising Purchaser that the Board intends to effect a Change in the Company Recommendation and the manner in which it intends (or may intend) to do so, and (ii) if Purchaser does not, within five (5) Business Days of Purchaser’s receipt of the Notice of Change in Recommendation, make an offer that the Board determines, in its good faith judgment that it is no longer required by its fiduciary duties to make a Change in the Company Recommendation.

SECTION 7.06 Notification of Certain Matters. The Company shall give prompt notice to Purchaser, and Purchaser shall give prompt notice to the Company, of (a) the occurrence, or non-occurrence, of any event the occurrence, or non-occurrence, of which reasonably could be expected to cause (i) any representation or warranty contained in this Agreement to be untrue or inaccurate in any material respect or (ii) any condition set forth in

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▇▇▇▇▇ ▇ or Annex E not be satisfied, (b) any failure of the Company or Purchaser, as the case may be, to comply with or satisfy any covenant or agreement to be complied with or satisfied by it hereunder and (c) any other material development relating to the business, prospects, financial condition or results of operations of the Company and the Subsidiaries; provided, however, that the delivery of any notice pursuant to this Section 7.06 shall not limit or otherwise affect the remedies available hereunder to the party receiving such notice.

SECTION 7.07 Regulatory and Other Authorizations; Notices and Consents. (a) Each of Purchaser and the Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to obtain all authorizations, consents, orders and approvals of all Governmental Authorities and officials that may be or become necessary for its execution and delivery of, and the performance of its obligations pursuant to, the Transaction Agreements and will cooperate fully with the other party in promptly seeking to obtain all such authorizations, consents, orders and approvals. The Company shall, and shall cause the applicable Subsidiaries to (i) submit complete application documents for the Article 71 Waiver within two (2) Business Days after the Effective Date; (ii) supply as promptly as practicable to MEMR or other Government Authorities any additional information and documentary material that may be requested by MEMR or other Government Authorities; and (iii) at Purchaser’s request, provide or make available as promptly as practicable all information and documentary materials to enable Purchaser to make appropriate filings under the Anti-trust Laws in connection with the Transactions.

(b) The Company shall give promptly such notices to third parties and use its reasonable best efforts to obtain such third party consents and estoppel certificates as Purchaser may in its reasonable discretion deem necessary or desirable in connection with the Transactions.

(c) Purchaser shall cooperate and use its reasonable best efforts to assist the Company in giving such notices and obtaining such consents and estoppel certificates; provided, however, that Purchaser shall have no obligation to give any guarantee or other consideration of any nature in connection with any such notice, consent or estoppel certificate or to consent to any change in the terms of any agreement or arrangement which Purchaser in its sole discretion may deem adverse to the interests of Purchaser, the Company, any Subsidiary or their respective businesses.

(d) Company shall, and shall cause the Subsidiaries to, provide all such information, analysis, technical and other reports and documents and execute all such applications, documents and other things as may be required by the HKSE, any other Governmental Authority or Purchaser for the purposes of obtaining the Purchaser Shareholders Approval, the Exchange Approvals and any consent or waiver from the HKSE required under the HKSE Listing Rules and/or facilitating Purchaser to prepare and issue any announcement and circular in connection with the Transactions.

SECTION 7.08 Subsequent Financial Statements. The Company shall, if practicable, consult with Purchaser prior to making publicly available its financial results for any period after the Effective Date and prior to filing any report or document with the SEC after the Effective Date, it being understood that Purchaser shall have no liability by reason of such consultation.

SECTION 7.09 Public Announcements. Purchaser and the Company agree that no public release or announcement concerning the Transactions shall be issued by either party without the prior consent of the other party (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld), except as such release or announcement may be required by Law, or to the extent applicable, the AMEX rules or the HKSE Listing Rules, in which case the party required to make the release or announcement shall use its reasonable best efforts to allow the other party reasonable time to comment on such release or announcement in advance of such issuance.

SECTION 7.10 General Release from Initial Investors of Junior Preferred Stock. The Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to cause each Initial Investor of Junior Preferred Stock that is not a Key Junior Preferred Stockholder, on or prior to the Swap Closing, to execute and deliver to Purchaser, for the benefit of the Company and each Subsidiary, a general release and discharge, in a form attached hereto as Exhibit 7.10 (the “Release Letter”), waiving certain rights under the Additional Return Agreements.

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SECTION 7.11 Existing Warrants. The Company shall use reasonable best efforts and take any and all steps necessary to obtain a waiver (the “Existing Warrants Waiver”) of the 20-day prior notice requirement triggered by the Transactions from each of the holders of the Existing Warrants except for any warrants issued pursuant to the Warrant Agreement, dated as of December 12, 2005 by and between the Company and The Bank of New York.

SECTION 7.12 Use of Proceeds. The proceeds (the “Proceeds”) received by the Company from the Transactions, including the First Tranche Price and the Second Tranche Price, shall be used solely to fund the capital requirements specified in the schedule attached hereto as Exhibit 7.12. The Proceeds shall be paid to the Company by the Escrow Agent in accordance with the terms of the Escrow Agreement and the Investor Rights Agreement.

SECTION 7.13 AMEX Listing. The Company shall promptly prepare and submit to the AMEX a listing application covering (a) the shares of Common Stock issuable upon the conversion of the New Preferred Stock pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in the Certificate of Designations of Series B-1 Preferred Stock and Certificate of Designations of Series B-2 Preferred Stock; (b) the shares of Common Stock issuable under the Warrants; (c) the shares of Common Stock issuable upon the surrender of the 12% Senior Notes and the New Senior Notes then held by Purchaser or any of its Affiliates pursuant to Section 4.04(a); and (d) the shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to Section 4.04(b) (the Common Stock referred to in clauses (a) through (d) collectively, the “New Common Shares”) and shall use its reasonable best efforts to obtain, prior to the Swap Closing, approval for the listing of such New Common Shares (the “AMEX Listing Approval”), and Purchaser shall cooperate with the Company with respect to such listing. The parties acknowledge that in order to obtain the AMEX Listing Approval or other Exchange Approvals necessary to consummate the Transactions, the parties may be required by AMEX to revise or amend the Transaction Agreements and, in particular, the Certificate of Designations of Series B-1 Preferred Stock and the Certificate of Designations of Series B-2 Preferred Stock, and the parties agree to use their reasonable best efforts to cooperate with AMEX to obtain the AMEX Listing Approval and other necessary Exchange Approvals, including by effecting modifications to: (i) the conversion voting feature of the New Preferred Stock to offset a potential decline in the price of the Common Stock (provided that no such modification shall affect the conversion price of the New Preferred Stock); (ii) the board designation rights of the New Preferred Stock to correspond to Purchaser’s equity investment in the Company; and (iii) the board observer and director designee rights to be consistent with the director independence requirements for committees of the Board, to the extent a Purchaser director designee would not be considered independent under relevant AMEX rules. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any revision or amendment required by AMEX, other than with respect to the matters set forth in (i) through (iii) above, materially and adversely impacts the rights or benefits to be received by Purchaser under the Transaction Agreements, as reasonably determined by Purchaser, then the AMEX Listing Approval shall be deemed not to have been satisfied for purposes of the condition set forth in subsection (g) of Annex D.

SECTION 7.14 Cancellation of Preferred Shares. The Company shall take all necessary actions to restore to the status of authorized but unissued shares of Preferred Stock without designation as to series by retiring all shares of Preferred Stock acquired from Purchaser pursuant to the Swap immediately following the Swap Closing.

SECTION 7.15 Registration Statement. The parties hereto shall use reasonable best efforts to structure the Transactions as transactions exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act; and the parties hereto acknowledge that it is currently contemplated that the Transactions will be structured as exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act. Subject to the foregoing, if required by U.S. securities Laws, the Company shall file with the SEC a registration statement on an appropriate registration statement form (the “Registration Statement”) that will cover the amendments of the terms of the Senior Preferred Stock and Junior Preferred Stock in connection with the Transactions and shall use its reasonable best efforts to cause such registration statement to become effective as soon as practicable and prior to the closing of the Offers. If required by the U.S. securities Laws and the Shares of Newly Issued Common Stock to be delivered to the Exercising

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Junior Preferred Stockholder(s) pursuant to Section 4.02 are not transferable without restriction pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act at the time such shares are delivered, the Company shall file a shelf registration statement with the SEC with respect to the resale of such shares by such Exercising Junior Preferred Stockholder(s) within 30 days following the Swap Closing and shall use its reasonable best efforts to cause such registration statement to become effective as soon as practicable, in any event within 90 days, following the Swap Closing. Additionally, if Purchaser is required by U.S. securities Laws to file with the SEC a registration statement on an appropriate registration statement form that will cover the issuance of the Purchaser Convertible Bonds in connection with the Transactions, the Company shall cooperate with the reasonable requests of Purchaser in connection with such registration, which for the avoidance of doubt shall include cooperating in the manner set forth in Section 3.01(e) and (f) hereof to the extent applicable.

SECTION 7.16 Redemption of Remaining Preferred Stock. Immediately following the Swap Closing, the Company shall redeem, pursuant to the Amendment to the Certificate of Designations of the Senior Preferred Stock or the Amendment to the Certificate of Designations of the Junior Preferred Stock, as the case may be, all of the then-outstanding shares of Preferred Stock (the “Remaining Preferred Stock”), using funds provided by, or at the direction of, Purchaser. The Company shall take all necessary actions to cancel all of the Remaining Preferred Stock immediately following such redemption.

SECTION 7.17 Withholding Rights. Purchaser shall be entitled to deduct and withhold from the consideration otherwise payable pursuant to this Agreement, including the Additional Returns, to any holder of Preferred Stock, any holder of the 12% Senior Notes or any Initial Investor of Junior Preferred Stock such amounts as it is required to deduct and withhold with respect to the making of such payment under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) and the U.S. Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder, or any provision of state, local or non-United States Tax law. To the extent that amounts are so withheld by Purchaser, such withheld amounts shall be treated for all purposes of this Agreement as having been paid to the holder of Preferred Stock, any holder of the 12% Senior Notes or Initial Investor of Junior Preferred Stock, as the case may be, in respect of which such deduction and withholding was made by Purchaser.

SECTION 7.18 Alternative Transaction Structures. Purchaser shall have the right to propose alternative structures for the transactions contemplated in this Agreement and the Ancillary Documents in order to structure such transactions in a more tax-efficient manner. Purchaser’s direct and indirect economic and voting interests in any alternative structure shall be equivalent to its economic and voting interests in the structure contemplated in this Agreement. Such alternative structures may include, but are not limited to, (a) acquiring stock directly in the 12% Senior Notes Issuer and may involve transferring assets of the Company and the Subsidiaries, including stock of Subsidiaries, to the 12% Senior Notes Issuer; (b) investing directly in preferred stock and warrants of the 12% Senior Notes Issuer instead of preferred stock and warrants of the Company; and (c) transferring funds from the 12% Senior Notes Issuer to the Company to permit the Company to conduct the Tender Offer and the Exchange Offer directly. Any preferred stock or warrants of the 12% Senior Notes Issuer issued to Purchaser shall have rights and terms that are equivalent to the rights and terms of the First Tranche Shares and Second Tranche Shares and the Warrants, respectively. The Company agrees to accept and cooperate in implementing any such alternative structures as long as such structures do not have adverse consequences for the Company and do not materially delay the transactions contemplated in this Agreement and the Ancillary Documents.

SECTION 7.19 Employment Agreements. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Article 7, the Company agrees that, prior to the Swap Closing, the Company (at the direction of Purchaser) will negotiate and use its reasonable best efforts to amend and restate the employment agreements and change in control agreements listed in Section 5.10(b) of the Disclosure Schedule to the reasonable satisfaction of Purchaser, which amended and restated agreements shall be effective immediately prior to the Swap Closing.

SECTION 7.20 Pre-Closing Funding. The Company shall be required to apply any funds received by the Company (a) through sales of surplus or obsolete equipment, (b) pursuant to oil sales or collection of trade receivables, or (c) through other means, towards the payment of the September 15, 2008 interest payments under

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the 12% Senior Notes or otherwise in accordance with Section 7.01 hereof. The Company shall notify Purchaser promptly (and in any event within one day) of any receipt by the Company of funds by any of the means set forth in (a) through (c) above (but with respect to (b) above, the Company’s obligation to provide notice shall not arise with respect to any oil sales contracts with a term of less than three months) and Purchaser shall be entitled to direct, in its sole discretion, the allocation of such funds by the Company, including, without limitation, the use of such funds to pay interest under the 12% Senior Notes or to fund past due obligations, working capital requirements or otherwise.

SECTION 7.21 Cancellation of Notes. The Company shall take all necessary actions, or shall cause the 12% Senior Notes Issuer to take all necessary actions, to deliver to the Indenture Trustee for cancellation any and all 12% Senior Notes and New Senior Notes surrendered by Purchaser or any of its Affiliates pursuant to Section 4.04(a).

ARTICLE VIII

CONDITIONS TO THE SWAP CLOSING

SECTION 8.01 Conditions to Obligations of the Company. The obligations of the Company to effect the Swap shall be subject to the satisfaction or written waiver, at or prior to the Closing Date, of the condition that the closing of the Exchange Offer and the Tender Offer shall have occurred pursuant to this Agreement.

SECTION 8.02 Conditions to Obligations of Purchaser. The obligations of Purchaser to effect the Swap shall be subject to the satisfaction or written waiver, at or prior to the Closing Date, of each of the following conditions:

(a) Rollover Transactions. The closing of the Rollover Transactions shall have occurred pursuant to the Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements;

(b) Sale and Purchase Transactions. The closing of the Sale and Purchase Transactions shall have occurred pursuant to the Junior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement;

(d) Exchange Offer. The closing of the Exchange Offer shall have occurred pursuant to this Agreement; and

(e) Preferred Stockholder Consents. The Preferred Stockholder Consents shall have been obtained to the extent and only if Purchaser does not “beneficially own” at least 66 2/3% of the outstanding shares of Senior Preferred Stock or the Junior Preferred Stock, as the case may be, at the closing of the Tender Offer.

ARTICLE IX

INDEMNIFICATION

SECTION 9.01 Survival of Representations and Warranties. (a) The representations and warranties of the Company contained in this Agreement shall survive the Swap Closing for eighteen (18) months following the Swap Closing; provided, however, that (i) the representations and warranties made pursuant to Sections 5.01, 5.02, 5.03, 5.04, 5.06, 5.26, 5.27 and 5.28 (the “Company Fundamental Representations”) shall survive indefinitely, (ii) the representations and warranties dealing with Tax matters (the “Tax Representations”) shall survive until 120 days after the expiration of the relevant statute of limitations for the Tax liabilities in question, and (iii) insofar as any claim is made by Purchaser for the breach of any representation or warranty of the Company contained herein relating to environmental matters (the “Environmental Representations”), such representations and warranties shall, for purposes of such claims by Purchaser, survive the Swap Closing until the tenth anniversary of the Swap Closing. Neither the period of survival nor the liability of the Company with

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respect to the Company’s representations and warranties shall be reduced by any investigation made at any time by or on behalf of Purchaser. If written notice of a claim has been given prior to the expiration of the applicable representations and warranties by Purchaser to the Company, then the relevant representations and warranties shall survive as to such claim, until such claim has been finally resolved.

(b) The representations and warranties of Purchaser contained in this Agreement shall survive the Swap Closing for eighteen (18) months following the Swap Closing; provided, however, that the representations and warranties made pursuant to Sections 6.01, 6.02 and 6.06 (the “Purchaser Fundamental Representations”; together with the Company Fundamental Representations, the “Fundamental Representations”) shall survive indefinitely. Neither the period of survival nor the liability of Purchaser with respect to Purchaser’s representations and warranties shall be reduced by any investigation made at any time by or on behalf of the Company. If written notice of a claim has been given prior to the expiration of the applicable representations and warranties by the Company to Purchaser, then the relevant representations and warranties shall survive as to such claim, until such claim has been finally resolved.

SECTION 9.02 Indemnification by the Company. Purchaser and its Affiliates, officers, directors, employees, agents, successors and assigns (each a “Purchaser Indemnified Party”) shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Company for and against any and all liabilities, losses, damages, claims, costs and expenses, interest, awards, judgments and penalties (including attorneys’ and consultants’ fees and expenses) suffered or incurred by them (including any Action brought or otherwise initiated by any of them) (hereinafter a “Loss”), arising out of or resulting from:

(a) the breach of any representation or warranty made by the Company in this Agreement (it being understood that such representations and warranties shall be interpreted without giving effect to any limitations or qualifications as to “materiality” (including the word “material”) or “Material Adverse Effect” set forth therein);

(b) the breach of any covenant or agreement by the Company contained in this Agreement;

(c) liabilities of the Company or any Subsidiary arising from or relating to any breach of any covenant or agreement or non-performance of any obligation by the Company or any Subsidiary with respect to (i) the Certificates of Designations of the Preferred Stock, (ii) the Indenture, or (iii) the Existing Warrants, to the extent such breach or non-performance occurred prior to the Swap Closing and not due to any act or omission of Purchaser after the Effective Date; and

(d) liabilities of the Company or any Subsidiary arising from or relating to any of the Actions disclosed in Section 5.09 of the Disclosure Schedule (i) to the extent not reflected in the Company’s financial statements appearing in the most recent SEC Reports prior to the Effective Date or (ii) if so reflected, to the extent that any such liabilities so reflected are in excess of US$1,000,000, in the aggregate, of the reported amounts.

To the extent that the Company’s undertakings set forth in this Section 9.02 may be unenforceable, the Company shall contribute the maximum amount that it is permitted to contribute under applicable Law to the payment and satisfaction of all Losses incurred by the Purchaser Indemnified Parties.

SECTION 9.03 Indemnification by Purchaser. The Company and its successors and assigns (each a “Company Indemnified Party”) shall be indemnified and held harmless by Purchaser for and against any and all Losses, arising out of or resulting from:

(a) the breach of any representation or warranty made by Purchaser contained in this Agreement (it being understood that such representations and warranties shall be interpreted without giving effect to any limitations or qualifications as to “materiality” (including the word “material”) or “Material Adverse Effect” set forth therein); or

(b) the breach of any covenant or agreement by Purchaser contained in this Agreement.

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To the extent that Purchaser’s undertakings set forth in this Section 9.03 may be unenforceable, Purchaser shall contribute the maximum amount that it is permitted to contribute under applicable Law to the payment and satisfaction of all Losses incurred by the Company Indemnified Parties.

SECTION 9.04 Limits on Indemnification. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement: (a) an Indemnifying Party shall not be liable for any claim for indemnification pursuant to Section 9.02(a) or 9.03(a), unless and until the aggregate amount of indemnifiable Losses which may be recovered from the Indemnifying Party equals or exceeds US$1,000,000 whereupon the Indemnified Party shall be entitled to indemnification for the full amount of such Losses; and (b) the maximum amount of indemnifiable Losses which may be recovered from an Indemnifying Party arising out of or resulting from the causes set forth in Section 9.02(a) or 9.03(a), as the case may be, shall be an amount equal to US$75,000,000. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the provisions of this Section 9.04 shall not apply with respect to the Fundamental Representations, Tax Representations and Environmental Representations, which shall not be subject to any limitations on indemnification.

SECTION 9.05 Notice of Loss; Third Party Claims. (a) An Indemnified Party shall give the Indemnifying Party notice of any matter that an Indemnified Party has determined has given or could give rise to a right of indemnification under this Agreement, within 60 days of such determination, stating the amount of the Loss, if known, and method of computation thereof, and containing a reference to the provisions of this Agreement in respect of which such right of indemnification is claimed or arises.

(b) If an Indemnified Party shall receive notice of any Action, audit, demand or assessment (each, a “Third Party Claim”) against it or which may give rise to a claim for Loss under this Article IX, within 60 days of the receipt of such notice, the Indemnified Party shall give the Indemnifying Party notice of such Third Party Claim; provided, however, that the failure to provide such notice shall not release the Indemnifying Party from any of its obligations under this Article IX except to the extent that the Indemnifying Party is materially prejudiced by such failure and shall not relieve the Indemnifying Party from any other obligation or liability that it may have to any Indemnified Party otherwise than under this Article IX. The Indemnifying Party shall be entitled to assume and control the defense of such Third Party Claim at its expense and through counsel of its choice if it gives notice of its intention to do so to the Indemnified Party within five days of the receipt of notice from the Indemnified Party of such Third Party Claim; provided, however, that if there exists or is reasonably likely to exist a conflict of interest that would make it inappropriate in the judgment of the Indemnified Party in its sole and absolute discretion for the same counsel to represent both the Indemnified Party and the Indemnifying Party, then the Indemnified Party shall be entitled to retain its own counsel in each jurisdiction for which the Indemnified Party determines counsel is required, at the expense of the Indemnifying Party. In the event that the Indemnifying Party exercises the right to undertake any such defense against any such Third Party Claim as provided above, the Indemnified Party shall cooperate with the Indemnifying Party in such defense and make available to the Indemnifying Party, at the Indemnifying Party’s expense, all witnesses, pertinent records, materials and information in the Indemnified Party’s possession or under the Indemnified Party’s control relating thereto as is reasonably required by the Indemnifying Party. Similarly, in the event the Indemnified Party is, directly or indirectly, conducting the defense against any such Third Party Claim, the Indemnifying Party shall cooperate with the Indemnified Party in such defense and make available to the Indemnified Party, at the Indemnifying Party’s expense, all such witnesses, records, materials and information in the Indemnifying Party’s possession or under the Indemnifying Party’s control relating thereto as is reasonably required by the Indemnified Party. No such Third Party Claim may be settled by the Indemnified Party without the prior written consent of the Indemnifying Party, which may not be unreasonably withheld.

SECTION 9.06 Payment in Common Stock. In the event any Losses are payable by the Company to any Purchaser Indemnified Party hereunder, upon written notice to the Company, such Purchaser Indemnified Party shall be entitled to receive, in lieu of payment in cash, payment of such Losses in the form of shares of Common Stock. The number of shares of Common Stock to be issued to such Purchaser Indemnified Party hereunder shall

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be determined by dividing the total amount of the applicable indemnifiable Losses by the average of the Volume Weighted Average Stock Price over the 30 consecutive trading days immediately prior to the Determination Date. If the Volume Weighted Average Price cannot be calculated due to the absence of a trading market in the Common Stock, the number of shares issuable shall be determined by dividing the total amount of the applicable indemnifiable Losses by the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock on the Determination Date.

ARTICLE X

TERMINATION, AMENDMENT AND WAIVER

SECTION 10.01 Termination. This Agreement may be terminated and the Transactions may be abandoned at any time by action taken or authorized by the Board of Directors of the terminating party, notwithstanding any requisite approval and adoption of this Agreement and the Ancillary Documents and the Transactions by the stockholders of the Company:

(a) By mutual written consent of each of Purchaser and the Company duly authorized by the Boards of Directors of Purchaser and the Company; or

(b) By either Purchaser or the Company if the Swap Closing shall not have occurred on or before the Termination Date; provided, however, that the right to terminate this Agreement under this Section 10.01(b) shall not be available to any party whose failure to fulfill any obligation under this Agreement has been the cause of, or resulted in, the failure of the Swap Closing to occur on or before such date; or

(c) By Purchaser if (i) any of the Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements or the Junior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement is terminated without any material breach by Purchaser, (ii) due to an occurrence or circumstance that would result in a failure to satisfy any condition set forth in Annex D or Annex E hereto (expect to the extent such condition is waived by the parties pursuant to this Agreement), Purchaser or the 12% Senior Notes Issuer shall have (A) failed to commence the Tender Offer or the Exchange Offer, as the case may be, within 60 days following the Effective Date, (B) terminated the Tender Offer or the Exchange Offer, as the case may be, without having accepted any shares of Preferred Stock or 12% Senior Notes, as the case may be, for payment thereunder or (C) failed to accept the Preferred Stock or 12% Senior Notes for payment pursuant to the Tender Offer or the Exchange Offer, as the case may be, within 90 days following the commencement of the relevant Offer (provided, however, that the applicable time period specified in (A) and (C) above shall be extended until the earlier to occur of (x) the fifth Business Day following expiration or termination of any applicable waiting period under the applicable Anti-trust Laws, obtaining of requisite clearance or approval under the applicable Anti-trust Laws, and obtaining the Purchaser Shareholders Approval, the Common Stockholder Approvals, the Preferred Stockholder Consents, the effectiveness of the Registration Statement (if applicable), the Existing Warrants Waiver and the Article 71 Waiver and (y) the Termination Date), unless such action or inaction under (A), (B) or (C) shall have been caused by or resulted from the failure of Purchaser to perform, in any material respect, any of its material covenants or agreements contained in this Agreement, or the material breach by Purchaser of any of its material representations or warranties contained in this Agreement or (iii) the Board or any committee thereof shall have made a Change in the Company Recommendation that is adverse to Purchaser, or shall have recommended or approved any Competing Transaction, or shall have resolved to do any of the foregoing; or

(d) By the Company, upon approval of the Board, if due to a material breach by Purchaser of its representations or warranties or covenants contained in this Agreement that would result in a failure to satisfy any condition set forth in Annex D or E hereto, Purchaser or the 12% Senior Notes Issuer shall have (A) failed to commence the Offers within 60 days following the Effective Date, (B) terminated the Tender Offer or the Exchange Offer, as the case may be, without having accepted any Preferred Stock or 12% Senior Notes, as the case may be, for payment thereunder or (C) failed to accept any Preferred Stock or 12% Senior Notes for payment pursuant to the Offers within 90 days following the commencement of the relevant Offer, provided, however, that the applicable time period specified in (A) and (C) above shall be extended until the earlier to occur of (x) the fifth Business Day following expiration or termination of any

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applicable waiting period under the applicable Anti-trust Laws, obtaining of requisite clearance or approval under the applicable Anti-trust Laws, and obtaining the Purchaser Shareholders Approval, the Common Stockholder Approvals, the Preferred Stockholder Consents, the Existing Warrants Waiver and the Article 71 Waiver and (y) the Termination Date.

SECTION 10.02 Effect of Termination. In the event of the termination of this Agreement pursuant to Section 10.01, this Agreement shall forthwith become void, and there shall be no liability on the part of any party hereto, except (a) as set forth in Section 10.03 (including the relevant defined terms in Section 1.01), which shall survive any termination of this Agreement and (b) nothing herein shall relieve any party from liability for any breach hereof prior to the date of such termination; provided, however, that the terms of Sections 7.04(b) and (c) and Article XI shall survive any termination of this Agreement.

SECTION 10.03 Fees and Expenses. (a) In the event that

(i) this Agreement is terminated (A) pursuant to Section 10.01(c)(iii) or (B) pursuant to Section 10.01(c)(i) or 10.01(c)(ii), to the extent that the termination of this Agreement, any of the Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements or the Junior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement is caused by the Company due to the failure of the Company to perform, in any material respect, any of its covenants or agreements contained in this Agreement or the material breach by the Company of any of its representations or warranties contained in this Agreement or that the failure to commence, the termination or the failure to accept any Remaining Share of the Preferred Stock or 12% Senior Notes for payment, as set forth in Section 10.01(c)(ii), shall relate to the failure of the Company to perform, in any material respect, any of its covenants or agreements contained in this Agreement or the material breach by the Company of any of its representations or warranties contained in this Agreement; or

(ii) the Company enters into an agreement with respect to a Competing Transaction, or a Competing Transaction is consummated, in each case within 18 months after the termination of this Agreement (A) as a result of a material or intentional breach by the Company of Section 7.05 or (B) the Company was involved in discussions or negotiations with respect to such Competing Transaction prior to the termination of this Agreement, and the Company shall not theretofore have been required to pay the Fee to Purchaser pursuant to Section 10.03(a)(i);

then, in any such event, the Company shall pay Purchaser promptly (but in no event later than one Business Day after the first of such events shall have occurred) a fee equal to US$10,000,000 (the “Fee”), which amount shall be payable in immediately available funds.

(b) If this Agreement is terminated for any reason other than a termination (i) solely as a result of the failure of the parties hereto to obtain (A) the clearance or approval under Exon-▇▇▇▇▇▇ Provisions or the applicable Anti-trust Laws, (B) the AMEX Listing Approval or other Exchange Approvals, (C) the Article 71 Waiver or (D) the Purchaser Shareholders Approval or (ii) solely as a result of the non-satisfaction of the Minimum Condition or the Exchange Offer Minimum Condition, and Purchaser is not in material breach of its material covenants and agreements contained in this Agreement or its representations and warranties contained in this Agreement, the Company shall, whether or not any payment is made pursuant to Section 10.03(a), reimburse Purchaser (not later than five Business Days after submission of statements therefor) for all out-of-pocket expenses and fees up to US$3,000,000 in the aggregate (including, without limitation, fees and expenses payable to all banks, investment banking firms, other financial institutions, and other Persons and their respective agents and counsel, for arranging, committing to provide or providing any financing for the Transactions or structuring the Transactions, and all fees of counsel, accountants, experts and consultants to Purchaser, and all printing and advertising expenses and filing fees) actually incurred or accrued by either of them or on their behalf in connection with the Transactions, including, without limitation, the financing thereof, and actually incurred or accrued by banks, investment banking firms, other financial institutions and other Persons, and for which Purchaser is liable in connection with the negotiation, preparation, execution and performance of this Agreement, the structuring and financing of the Transactions and any financing commitments or agreements relating thereto (all the foregoing being referred to herein collectively as the “Expenses”).

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(c) Except as set forth in this Section 10.03, all costs and expenses incurred in connection with this Agreement and the Transactions shall be paid by the party incurring such expenses, whether or not any Transaction is consummated.

(d) In the event that the Company shall fail to pay the Fee or any Expenses when due, unless such Fees and Expenses are being contested in good faith, the term “Expenses” shall be deemed to include the costs and expenses actually incurred or accrued by Purchaser (including, without limitation, fees and expenses of counsel) in connection with the collection under and enforcement of this Section 10.03, together with interest on such unpaid Fee and Expenses, commencing on the date that the Fee or such Expenses became due, at a rate equal to the rate of interest publicly announced by Citibank, N.A., from time to time, in the City of New York, as such bank’s Base Rate.

(e) In the event any Fee or Expenses, including any applicable interest accrued thereon pursuant to Section 10.03(d) (collectively, the “Unpaid Fees”), are payable by the Company to Purchaser hereunder, upon written notice to the Company, Purchaser shall be entitled to receive, in lieu of payment in cash, payment of such Unpaid Fees in the form of shares of Common Stock. The number of shares of Common Stock to be issued to Purchaser hereunder shall be determined by dividing the total amount of the applicable Unpaid Fees by the average of the Volume Weighted Average Stock Price over the 30 consecutive trading days immediately prior to the Determination Date. If the Volume Weighted Average Price can not be calculated due to the absence of a trading market in the Common Stock, the number of shares issuable shall be determined by dividing the total amount of the applicable indemnifiable Losses by the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock on the Determination Date.

SECTION 10.04 Amendment. This Agreement may be amended by the parties hereto by action taken by or on behalf of their respective Boards of Directors at any time prior to the Swap Closing. This Agreement may not be amended except by an instrument in writing signed by each of the parties hereto.

SECTION 10.05 Waiver. At any time prior to the Swap Closing, any party hereto may (a) extend the time for the performance of any obligation or other act of any other party hereto, (b) waive any inaccuracy in the representations and warranties of any other party contained herein or in any document delivered pursuant hereto and (c) waive compliance with any agreement of any other party or any condition to its own obligations contained herein. Any such extension or waiver shall be valid if set forth in an instrument in writing signed by the party or parties to be bound thereby.

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ARTICLE XI

GENERAL PROVISIONS

SECTION 11.01 Notices. All notices, requests, claims, demands and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be given (and shall be deemed to have been duly given upon receipt) by delivery in Person, by overnight courier, by facsimile upon written confirmation of delivery or by registered or certified mail (postage prepaid, return receipt requested) to the respective parties at the following addresses (or at such other address for a party as shall be specified in a notice given in accordance with this Section 11.01):

if to Purchaser:

United Energy Group Limited

▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇

▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇

▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇

Attention: ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇

Facsimile No.: ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇

with a copy to:

Shearman & Sterling LLP

12^th Floor Gloucester Tower

The Landmark, ▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇

▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇

Attention: ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇

Facsimile No.: ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇

if to the Company:

Transmeridian Exploration Incorporated

▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇

▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇

Attention: Chief Financial Officer

Facsimile No.: ▇▇ ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇

with a copy to:

Akin Gump ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇ LLP

▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇

▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇

Attention: ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇ III

Facsimile No.: ▇▇ ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇

SECTION 11.02 Severability. If any term or other provision of this Agreement is invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced by any rule of law, or public policy, all other conditions and provisions of this Agreement shall nevertheless remain in full force and effect so long as the economic or legal substance of the Transactions is not affected in any manner adverse to any party. Upon such determination that any term or other provision is invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced, the parties hereto shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as to effect the original intent of the parties as closely as possible in a mutually acceptable manner in order that the Transactions be consummated as originally contemplated to the fullest extent possible.

SECTION 11.03 Entire Agreement; Assignment. This Agreement and the Ancillary Documents constitute the entire agreement among the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersede all prior agreements and undertakings, both written and oral, among the parties, or any of them, with respect to the subject matter hereof,

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including the Prior Agreements. This Agreement and the Ancillary Documents shall not be assigned (whether pursuant to a merger, by operation of law or otherwise), except that Purchaser may assign all or any of their rights and obligations hereunder to any Affiliate of Purchaser, provided that no such assignment shall relieve the assigning party of its obligations hereunder if such assignee does not perform such obligations. For the avoidance of doubt, Purchaser shall be entitled to conduct the Transactions through a wholly owned subsidiary of Purchaser; provided, however, that Purchaser shall guarantee the obligations of such subsidiary in connection therewith.

SECTION 11.04 Parties in Interest and Assignment. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure solely to the benefit of each party hereto, and nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to or shall confer upon any other Person any right, benefit or remedy of any nature whatsoever under or by reason of this Agreement; provided, however, that Purchaser may assign all or any of its rights and obligations hereunder to any of its Affiliates, provided that no such assignment shall relieve Purchaser of its obligations hereunder if such assignee does not perform such obligations.

SECTION 11.05 Specific Performance. The parties hereto agree that irreparable damage would occur in the event any provision of this Agreement were not performed in accordance with the terms hereof and that the parties shall be entitled to specific performance of the terms hereof, in addition to any other remedy at law or equity.

SECTION 11.06 Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York applicable to contracts executed in and to be performed in that State (other than those provisions set forth herein that are required to be governed by the DGCL). All actions and proceedings arising out of or relating to this Agreement shall be heard and determined exclusively in any New York state or federal court sitting in The City of New York. The parties hereto hereby (a) submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of any state or federal court sitting in The City of New York for the purpose of any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement brought by any party hereto, and (b) irrevocably waive, and agree not to assert by way of motion, defense, or otherwise, in any such action or proceeding, any claim that it is not subject personally to the jurisdiction of the above-named courts, that its property is exempt or immune from attachment or execution, that the action or proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum, that the venue of the action or proceeding is improper, or that this Agreement or the Transactions may not be enforced in or by any of the above-named courts. Purchaser hereby irrevocably appoints CT Corporation to receive service of process on its behalf as its respective authorized agent for service of process in any state or federal court sitting in The City of New York. If for any reason such agent shall cease to be such agent for service of process, Purchaser shall forthwith appoint a new agent for service of process and deliver to the Company a copy of the new agent’s acceptance of appointment within 30 days. Nothing in this Agreement shall affect the right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law.

SECTION 11.07 Headings. The descriptive headings contained in this Agreement are included for convenience of reference only and shall not affect in any way the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement.

SECTION 11.08 Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed and delivered (including by facsimile transmission) in one or more counterparts, and by the different parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when executed shall be deemed to be an original but all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement.

SECTION 11.09 Waiver of Jury Trial. Each of the parties hereto hereby waives to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law any right it may have to a trial by jury with respect to any litigation directly or indirectly arising out of, under or in connection with this Agreement or the Transactions. Each of the parties hereto (a) certifies that no representative, agent or attorney of any other party has represented, expressly or otherwise, that such other party would not, in the event of litigation, seek to enforce that foregoing waiver and (b) acknowledges that it and the other hereto have been induced to enter into this Agreement and the Transactions, as applicable, by, among other things, the mutual waivers and certifications in this Section 11.09.

SECTION 11.10 Effective Date. The Company and Purchaser hereby agree that this Agreement shall be effective as of the Effective Date, including, without limitation, with respect to the representations, warranties and covenants of the Company and Purchaser set forth herein.

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Purchaser and the Company have caused this Agreement to be executed as of September , 2008 by their respective officers thereunto duly authorized.


UNITED ENERGY GROUP LIMITED

By		/s/ ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇
Name:		▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇
Title:		Chairman and Executive Director

TRANSMERIDIAN EXPLORATION INCORPORATED

By		/s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇
Name:		▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇
Title:		Chairman and CEO

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ANNEX A

List of Key Senior Preferred Stockholders

1.	CITADEL EQUITY FUND LTD.

2.	AIG GLOBAL INVESTMENT CORP.

3.	▇▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇

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ANNEX B

List of Key Junior Preferred Stockholders

1.	KENMONT SPECIAL OPPORTUNITIES MASTER FUND, LP

2.	MAN MAC MIESQUE 10B LTD

3.	WHITEBOX CONVERTIBLE ARBITRAGE PARTNERS, LP

4.	WHITEBOX HEDGED HIGH YIELD PARTNERS, LP

5.	PANDORA SELECT PARTNERS, LP

6.	WHITEBOX INTERMARKET PARTNERS, LP

7.	GUGGENHEIM PORTFOLIO COMPANY XXXI, LLC

8.	GPC LIX, LLC

9.	HFR RVA COMBINED MASTER TRUST

10.	FURSA MASTER GLOBAL EVENT DRIVEN FUND, LP

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Annex C

Letter Agreement with ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇

September 22, 2008

▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇

[Address]

Dear ▇▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇:

This letter agreement (this “Letter Agreement”) amends certain terms of the employment agreement entered into between Transmeridian Exploration Incorporated, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and you, dated as of January 10, 2007 (the “Agreement”), in connection with that certain investment agreement entered into between the Company and United Energy Group (“UEG”), dated as of June 11, 2008 and as amended and restated as of September 22, 2008 (the “Investment Agreement”), under which the Company’s ownership and capital structure will be restructured through a series of transactions as contemplated by the Investment Agreement and its ancillary documents (the “Transactions”). Capitalized terms not defined herein have the meaning ascribed to such terms in the Agreement.

Now, therefore, UEG, the Company and you hereby agree as follows:

The amounts of any severance payments payable to you under the Agreement shall be payable one-third in cash and two-thirds in the Company’s Common Stock, par value $0.0006 per share (“Common Stock”), at a price equal to the average of the Volume Weighted Average Price for ten (10) consecutive trading days immediately prior to the applicable date of payment. For purposes of this Letter Agreement, “Volume Weighted Average Price” means for a share of Common Stock as of any date, the dollar volume-weighted average price for such Common Stock on the American Stock Exchange during the period beginning at 9:30:01 a.m., New York City time (or such other time as the American Stock Exchange publicly announces is the official open of trading), and ending at 4:00:00 p.m., New York City time (or such other time as the American Stock Exchange publicly announces is the official close of trading) as reported by Bloomberg through its “Volume at Price” functions, or, if the foregoing does not apply, the dollar volume/weighted average price of such Common Stock in the over-the-counter market on the electronic bulletin board for such Common Stock during the period beginning at 9:30:01 a.m., New York City time (or such other time as the American Stock Exchange publicly announces is the official open of trading), and ending at 4:00:00 p.m., New York City time (or such other time as the American Stock Exchange publicly announces is the official close of trading) as reported by Bloomberg, or, if no dollar/volume weighted average price is reported for the Common Stock by Bloomberg for such hours, the average of the highest closing bid price and the lowest closing ask price of any of the market makers for such Common Stock as reported in the “pink sheets” by Pink Sheets LLC (formerly the National Quotation Bureau, Inc.).

2.	The amounts of any severance payments and severance benefits payable to you under the Agreement shall be reduced by one-third.

You agree to in good faith cooperate and assist the Company and Transmeridian Exploration, Inc., a company organized in the British Virgin Islands (“TEI”), to renegotiate the terms of the arrangements evidenced by the contract between TEI and Roskilde Enterprise, Ltd., a company organized in the Republic of Seychelles (“Roskilde”), dated August 31, 2005 (the “Roskilde Contract”). In the event that (a) you fully satisfy your obligations under this paragraph (3), (b) the Roskilde Contract is terminated and (c) the total consideration provided by the Company and its Affiliates in respect of such termination constitutes solely an equity interest in Kaspi Neft TME, a company organized in Kazakhstan (“Kaspi Neft”), equal to or less than five percent (5%) of the total outstanding equity interests of Kaspi Neft, then, the amendments to your Agreement made by paragraph (2) above shall no longer be effective.

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4.	The amendments made by this Letter Agreement shall be effective as of the Closing Date as set forth in the Investment Agreement.

5.	This Letter Agreement may not be amended or modified except by an instrument in writing signed by, or on behalf of, UEG, the Company and you.


TRANSMERIDIAN EXPLORATION INCORPORATED

By:		/s/ ▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇
		Name: ▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇
		Title: Vice President

UNITED ENERGY GROUP

By:		/s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇.▇. ▇▇▇▇
		Name: ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ S.P. Yeap
		Title: CEO

Agreed and accepted this 22nd day of September, 2008.


By:		/s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇
		Name: ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇
		Title: Chairman and CEO

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ANNEX D

Conditions to the Tender Offer

Notwithstanding any other provision of the Tender Offer, Purchaser shall not be required to accept for payment of any Preferred Stock tendered pursuant to the Tender Offer, and may extend, terminate or amend the Tender Offer, if (a) immediately prior to the expiration of the Tender Offer, the Minimum Condition shall not have been satisfied, (b) any applicable waiting period under the applicable Anti-trust Laws shall not have expired or been terminated or any requisite clearance or approval under applicable Anti-trust Laws shall not have been obtained prior to the expiration of the Tender Offer, (c) an investigation shall have been initiated under the Exon-▇▇▇▇▇▇ Provisions, (d) any of the matters listed in Section 7.02 shall have not been approved at the Common Stockholders’ Meeting prior to the expiration of the Tender Offer; (e) the Purchaser Stockholders Approval shall not have been obtained prior to the expiration of the Tender Offer; (f) the Requisite Noteholder Consent, the Existing Warrants Waiver or the executed Release Letter from each of the Initial Investor of the Junior Preferred Stock that is not a Key Junior Preferred Stockholder shall have not been obtained prior to the expiration of the Tender Offer; (g) prior to the expiration of the Tender Offer, the Article 71 Waiver or any Exchange Approvals shall not have been obtained; (h) prior to the expiration of the Tender Offer, the closing of the Exchange Offer shall not have occurred; (i) immediately prior to the expiration of the Tender Offer, the Registration Statement shall not have become effective (if applicable), so long as Purchaser has given adequate notice of such requirement, and subject to Section 7.15; (j) any of the conditions to the obligations of Purchaser, any Key Senior Preferred Stockholder or any Key Junior Preferred Stockholder under any of the Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements or the Junior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement (as the case may be) shall not have been satisfied or waived pursuant to the terms thereof; or (k) at any time on or after the Effective Date and prior to the expiration of the Tender Offer, any of the following conditions shall exist:

(i) there shall have been instituted or be pending any Action before any Governmental Authority (A) challenging or seeking to make illegal, materially delay, or otherwise, directly or indirectly, restrain or prohibit or make materially more costly, any of the Transactions or any other transaction contemplated in this Agreement and any other Transaction Agreement (including, without limitation, the redemption of the Remaining Preferred Stock by the Company as set forth in Section 7.16 of this Agreement), or seeking to obtain material damages in connection with any Transaction; (B) seeking to impose or confirm any material limitation on the ability of Purchaser or any Affiliate of Purchaser to exercise effectively full rights of ownership of any shares of Preferred Stock or Common Stock, including, without limitation, the right to vote any shares of Preferred Stock or Common Stock acquired by Purchaser pursuant to the Tender Offer and this Agreement or otherwise on all matters properly presented to the Company’s stockholders, including, without limitation, the approval and adoption of this Agreement and the Transactions; (C) seeking to require divestiture by Purchaser or any other Affiliate of Purchaser of any shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock; (D) that may materially adversely impact the Company’s Oil and Gas Interest in the South Alibek Field or (E) which otherwise would prevent or materially delay consummation of the Tender Offer or other Transactions or otherwise prevent or materially delay the Company from performing its obligations under the Transaction Agreements or would, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect;

(ii) any Governmental Authority shall have issued an order, decree, injunction or ruling or taken any other action permanently restraining, enjoining or otherwise prohibiting or materially delaying or preventing the Transactions and such order, decree, injunction, ruling or other action shall have become final and non-appealable;

(iii) there shall have been any statute, rule, regulation, legislation or interpretation enacted, promulgated, amended, issued or deemed applicable to (A) Purchaser, the Company or any subsidiary or Affiliate of Purchaser or the Company or (B) any Transaction, by any Governmental Authority with appropriate jurisdiction, other than the routine application of the waiting period provisions of the applicable Anti-trust Laws to the Tender Offer, that is reasonably likely to result, directly or indirectly, in any of the consequences referred to in clauses (A) through (D) of paragraph (i) above;

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(iv). any Material Adverse Effect shall have occurred;

(v). there shall have occurred (A) any general suspension of trading in, or limitation on prices for, the Company’s securities on AMEX (other than a shortening of trading hours or any coordinated trading halt triggered solely as a result of a specified increase or decrease in a market index), (B) any general suspension of trading in, or limitation on prices for, securities in the United States securities or financial markets; (C) a declaration of a banking moratorium or any suspension of payments in respect to banks in the United States, the PRC or other major financial markets; (D) any limitation (whether or not mandatory) by any government or governmental, administrative or regulatory authority or agency, domestic or foreign, or other event that, in the reasonable judgment of Purchaser, might affect the extension of credit by banks or other lending institutions; (E) a commencement of a war, armed hostilities, terrorist acts or other national or international calamity directly or indirectly involving the United States or the PRC or (F) in the case of any of the foregoing existing on the Effective Date, a material acceleration or worsening thereof;

(vi). any representation or warranty of the Company in the Agreement, that is qualified as to materiality or Material Adverse Effect shall not be true and correct, or any such representation or warranty that is not so qualified shall not be true and correct in any material respect, in each case as if such representation or warranty was made as of such time on or after the Effective Date;

(vii). the Company shall have failed to perform, in any material respect, any obligation or to comply, in any material respect, with any agreement or covenant of the Company to be performed or complied with by it under the Agreement or Ancillary Documents to which it is a party;

(viii). any of the Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements, the Junior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement or this Agreement shall have been terminated in accordance with their respective terms other than due to a material breach thereof by Purchaser;

(ix). Purchaser and the Company shall have agreed that Purchaser shall terminate the Tender Offer or postpone the acceptance for payment of the Preferred Stock thereunder;

(x). any of the holders of the Preferred Stock shall have exercised or shall reasonably be expected to exercise any of their rights under the Certificates of Designations of the Preferred Stock or the Existing Warrants as a result of the Transactions, or as a result of the Company’s breach of any covenants or non-performance of any obligations under the Certificates of Designations of the Preferred Stock or the Existing Warrants; or

(xi). AMEX shall have initiated a delisting of the Common Stock of the Company from AMEX;

which, in the reasonable judgment of Purchaser in any such case, and regardless of the circumstances (including any action or inaction by Purchaser or any of its Affiliates) giving rise to any such condition, makes it inadvisable to proceed with such acceptance for payment.

Notwithstanding the above, any waiver by Purchaser of the conditions provided in (b), (c), (d) and (g) above shall require the prior written consent of the Company, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed.

The foregoing conditions are for the sole benefit of Purchaser and may be asserted by Purchaser regardless of the circumstances giving rise to any such condition or may be waived by Purchaser in whole or in part at any time and from time to time in their reasonable discretion. The failure by Purchaser at any time to exercise any of the foregoing rights shall not be deemed a waiver of any such right; the waiver of any such right with respect to particular facts and other circumstances shall not be deemed a waiver with respect to any other facts and circumstances; and each such right shall be deemed an ongoing right that may be asserted at any time and from time to time.

A-59

ANNEX E

Proposed Terms and Conditions of the Exchange Offer

Transaction:

Exchange offer and consent solicitation with respect to 12% Senior Secured Notes due 2010 (the “12% Senior Notes”) issued by the 12% Senior Notes Issuer and guaranteed by the Company and certain of the Company’s other Subsidiaries under the Indenture ($290,000,000 aggregate principal amount outstanding as of March 31, 2008).

Structure of the Exchange Offer:

Exchange offer by 12% Senior Notes Issuer to exchange any and all outstanding 12% Senior Notes for New Senior Notes and the 12% Senior Notes Cash Payment, with concurrent solicitation of consents and waivers, subject to receipt of tenders in respect of at least 90% of the outstanding principal amount of the 12% Senior Notes (not including US$43,159,000 principal amount of 12% Senior Notes held by Purchaser) and receipt of consents in respect of a majority of the outstanding principal amount of the 12% Senior Notes (as described below under “Conditions to the Exchange Offer”).

Noteholders may not tender their 12% Senior Notes for exchange and payment without also consenting and waiving. Noteholders must tender by the Exchange Offer Expiration Date and must consent/waive by the Consent Deadline, if any. Tendered 12% Senior Notes may not be withdrawn, or consents and waivers revoked, after the Consent Deadline, if any. Holders that validly tender their 12% Senior Notes in the Exchange Offer after the Consent Deadline, if any, will not receive the early consent payment discussed below, if any, but will have nonetheless consented to the Amendment to the Indenture and will be counted, if such 12% Senior Notes are outstanding under the Indenture, towards the Requisite Noteholder Consent.

Promptly upon receipt of the Requisite Noteholder Consent (which have not been validly revoked), a supplemental indenture to the Indenture containing the Amendment to the Indenture shall be executed; however, the Amendment to the Indenture shall not become operative unless and until the 12% Senior Notes Issuer has exchanged the 12% Senior Notes that have been validly tendered and accepted for exchange in accordance with the Exchange Offer for the New Senior Notes and the 12% Senior Notes Cash Payment (which, if applicable, shall include the early consent payment with respect to all noteholder consents that have been validly delivered prior to the Consent Deadline).

A portion of the 12% Senior Notes Cash Payment may, at the discretion of Purchaser, be in the form of an early consent payment. Holders who validly tender (and do not validly withdraw) their 12% Senior Notes and who validly deliver (and do not validly revoke) their consent and waiver prior to the Consent Deadline, if any, shall, assuming the 12% Senior Notes Issuer accepts for exchange any 12% Senior Notes tendered pursuant to the Exchange Offer, receive the total consideration for the Exchange Offer, which shall include the principal amount of New 12% Senior Notes specified in the Exchange Offer Documents and the full amount of the 12% Senior Notes Cash Payment (including any early consent payment). Holders who validly tender (and do not validly withdraw) their 12% Senior Notes and who validly deliver (and do not validly revoke) their consent and waiver after the Consent Deadline, if any, and prior to the Expiration Date shall, assuming the 12% Senior Notes Issuer accepts for exchange any 12% Senior Notes tendered pursuant to the Exchange Offer, receive only the principal amount of New 12% Senior Notes specified in the Exchange Offer Documents and a cash payment equal to the full amount of the 12% Senior Notes Cash Payment minus any early consent payment.

Consent Deadline:

5:00 p.m., New York City time, on a date on or after the 10th business day after commencement of the Exchange Offer and preceding the Expiration Date to be mutually agreed between the Company and Purchaser.

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Exchange Offer Expiration Date:

12:00 midnight, New York City time, on or after the 20th business day after commencement of the Exchange Offer (including date that the Exchange Offer is commenced), unless amended or extended.

Settlement Date:

Expected to be the business day following the Exchange Offer Expiration Date, and in any case promptly thereafter, provided that the conditions to the Exchange Offer have been satisfied or waived where applicable.

Consents and Waivers:

Consents to Amendment to the Indenture—Exit consents with respect to the Indenture necessary to effect the Transactions or as may otherwise be agreed to by Purchaser, including those set forth in the Offering Memorandum and Consent Solicitation Statement, dated July 23, 2008, of the Company and the 12% Senior Notes Issuer (as the same may be amended or supplemented from time to time, the “Solicitation Statement”).

Waivers of All Defaults and Events of Default and All Rights of Tendering Holders under the Indenture—Waivers with respect to any Default or Event of Default under the Indenture (to the extent permitted under the Indenture) and of all tendering holders’ rights under the Indenture.

Terms of New Senior Notes:

The terms, conditions and covenants of the New Senior Notes shall be as provided in the New Indenture. Such terms, conditions and covenants shall be reasonably satisfactory to Purchaser and shall include such terms, conditions and covenants as Purchaser shall deem desirable or necessary to effect the Transactions, including those set forth in the Solicitation Statement (which shall carve-out any change of control that would result from the consummation of the Transactions).

Conditions to the Exchange Offer:

Notwithstanding any other provision of the Exchange Offer, Purchaser shall not be required to, and the 12% Senior Notes Issuer shall not, accept for payment any 12% Senior Notes tendered pursuant to the Exchange Offer, and may extend, terminate or amend the Exchange Offer, if:

(a) prior to the expiration of the Exchange Offer, at least 90% of the outstanding principal amount of the 12% Senior Notes (not including US$43,159,000 principal amount of 12% Senior Notes held by Purchaser) shall not have been validly tendered and not validly withdrawn pursuant to the Exchange Offer;

(b) prior to the expiration of the Exchange Offer, the 12% Senior Notes Issuer shall not have received from holders of a majority of the outstanding (as defined in the Indenture) principal amount of the 12% Senior Notes validly delivered and not validly revoked consents to the Amendment to the Indenture;

(c) prior to the expiration of the Exchange Offer, the 12% Senior Notes Issuer, the guarantors under the Indenture and the Indenture Trustee shall not have executed and delivered a supplemental indenture effecting the Amendment to the Indenture in a form satisfactory to Purchaser;

(d) the closing of the Tender Offer shall have not occurred;

(e) there shall have occurred (A) any general suspension of trading in, or limitation on prices for, securities on in the United States securities or financial markets; (B) a material impairment in the trading market for debt securities; (C) a declaration of a banking moratorium or any suspension of payments in respect to banks in the United States, the PRC or other major financial markets; (D) any limitation (whether or not mandatory) by any government or governmental, administrative or regulatory authority or agency,

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domestic or foreign, or other event that, in the reasonable judgment of Purchaser, might affect the extension of credit by banks or other lending institutions; (E) a commencement of a war, armed hostilities, terrorist acts or other national or international calamity directly or indirectly involving the United States or the PRC or (F) in the case of any of the foregoing existing on the Effective Date, a material acceleration or worsening thereof;

(f) prior to the expiration of the Exchange Offer, any action or events shall have occurred or been threatened, or actions shall have been taken, or any statute, rule, regulation, judgment, order, stay, decree or injunction shall have been promulgated, enacted, entered, enforced or deemed to be applicable to the Exchange Offer, the exchange of 12% Senior Notes for New Senior Notes and the 12% Senior Notes Cash Payment under the Exchange Offer, or the Amendment to the Indenture, by or before any court or governmental regulatory or administrative agency, authority or tribunal, including, without limitation, taxing authorities, that either:

(1) challenges the making of the Exchange Offer, the exchange of 12% Senior Notes for New Senior Notes and the 12% Senior Notes Cash Payment under the Exchange Offer, or the effectuation of the Amendment to the Indenture, or might, directly or indirectly, prohibit, prevent, restrict or delay consummation of, or, in the reasonable judgment of Purchaser, might otherwise adversely affect in any material manner, the Exchange Offer, the exchange of 12% Senior Notes for New Senior Notes and the 12% Senior Notes Cash Payment under the Exchange Offer, or the effectuation of the Amendment to the Indenture, or

(2) could have, in the reasonable judgment of Purchaser, a Material Adverse Effect on the Company and the Subsidiaries (including the 12% Senior Notes Issuer) taken as a whole, or materially impair the contemplated benefits to Purchaser of the Exchange Offer, the exchange of 12% Senior Notes for New Senior Notes and the 12% Senior Notes Cash Payment under the Exchange Offer, or the effectuation of the Amendment to the Indenture;

(g) there shall have occurred any event or change that would or might, in the reasonable judgment of Purchaser, prohibit, prevent or delay the Exchange Offer or the effectuation of the Amendment to the Indenture or impair Purchaser from realizing the anticipated benefits of the Exchange Offer, the exchange of 12% Senior Notes for New Senior Notes and the 12% Senior Notes Cash Payment under the Exchange Offer, or the effectuation of the Amendment to the Indenture; or

(h) the Indenture Trustee shall have objected in any respect to, or taken any action that could, in the reasonable judgment of Purchaser, adversely affect the consummation of the Exchange Offer, the exchange of 12% Senior Notes for New Senior Notes and the 12% Senior Notes Cash Payment under the Exchange Offer, the effectuation of the Amendment to the Indenture, or the entry into the New Indenture, or the Indenture Trustee shall have taken any action that challenges the validity or effectiveness of the procedures used in making the Exchange Offer, the exchange of 12% Senior Notes for New Senior Notes and the 12% Senior Notes Cash Payment under the Exchange Offer, the Proposed Amendment to the Indenture or the New Indenture.

The foregoing conditions are for the sole benefit of Purchaser and Purchaser may direct the Company, subject to compliance with applicable Laws, to cause the 12% Senior Notes Issuer to assert these conditions regardless of the circumstances giving rise to any such condition or Purchaser may direct the Company to cause the 12% Senior Notes Issuer to waive these conditions in whole or in part at any time and from time to time in Purchaser’s sole discretion. The failure by Purchaser at any time to exercise any of the foregoing rights shall not be deemed a waiver of any such right; the waiver of any such right with respect to particular facts and other circumstances shall not be deemed a waiver with respect to any other facts and circumstances; and each such right shall be deemed an ongoing right that may be asserted at any time and from time to time.

▇-▇▇

▇▇▇▇▇ ▇

▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇

▇-▇▇

▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ 1.01

Initial Investors of Junior Preferred Stock and Additional Returns


Initial Investors of the Junior Preferred Stock		Additional Returns (in US$)
AKV Altonig-Verwaltungs GmbH		76,000
Basso Fund, Ltd.		30,400
Basso Holdings Ltd.		554,800
Basso Multi-Strategy Holding Fund Ltd.		174,800
Capital Ventures International		380,000
▇▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇		114,000
Fursa Master Global Event Driven Fund, LP		2,900,000
GPC LIX, LLC		145,000
Greenwich Investment Partners		285,000
Guggenheim Portfolio Company XXXI, LLC		188,960
Investcorp Silverback Arbitrage Master Fund Ltd.		47,500
Kenmont Special Opportunities Master Fund, LP		3,635,633
Linden Capital LP		570,000
Man Mac Miesque 10B Ltd.		2,423,756
Pandora Select Partners, LP		290,000
RHP Master Fund, Ltd.		95,000
Silver Oak Capital, LLC		570,000
Whitebox Convertible Arbitrage Partners, LP		1,693,040
Whitebox Hedged High Yield Partners, LP		1,015,000
Whitebox Intermarket Partners, LP		290,000
Total		15,478,889

Exhibit 4.01(d)(i)

CERTIFICATE OF DESIGNATIONS

SERIES B-1 REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK

TRANSMERIDIAN EXPLORATION INCORPORATED

Pursuant to Section 151 of the General Corporation Law

of the State of Delaware

TRANSMERIDIAN EXPLORATION INCORPORATED, a Delaware corporation (the “COMPANY”), does hereby certify that, pursuant to the authority expressly granted to and vested in the Board of Directors of the Company (the “BOARD OF DIRECTORS”) by the provisions of Article Fourth of the Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, as amended from time to time (the “CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION”), and pursuant to Section 151 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”), the Board of Directors, by resolution adopted on [ ], 2008, duly approved and adopted the following resolution, which resolution remains in full force and effect on the date hereof:

RESOLVED, that, pursuant to the authority vested in the Board of Directors by the Certificate of Incorporation, the Board of Directors hereby creates a series of preferred stock of the Company and hereby states that the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of which, and qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, shall be as follows:

(1)

Designation and Amount. There shall be created from the 15,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0006 per share, of the Company authorized to be issued pursuant to the Certificate of Incorporation, a series of preferred stock, designated as the “Series B-1 Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock” (the “REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK”), and the number of shares of such series shall be 5,000,000. Such number of shares may be decreased by resolution of the Board of Directors; provided, however, that no decrease shall reduce the number of shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock to a number less than that of the shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock then outstanding plus the number of shares potentially issuable as dividend payments on the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock pursuant to Section 3 of this Certificate of Designations.

(2)

Ranking. The Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock will, with respect to both dividend rights and rights upon the redemption, liquidation, winding-up or dissolution of the Company, rank (i) senior to all Junior Stock, (ii) on a parity with all Parity Stock and (iii) junior to all Senior Stock.

(3)

Dividends.

(a)

The holders of shares of outstanding Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock shall be entitled, when, as and if declared by the Board of Directors, out of funds lawfully available therefor to receive cumulative dividends at the rate per annum of 15% per share on the Liquidation Preference (equivalent to $15.00 per annum per share), subject to adjustment as provided herein, payable quarterly in arrears (the “DIVIDEND RATE”). The Dividend Rate shall decrease to a rate per annum of 12% per share on the Liquidation Preference (equivalent to $12 per annum per share) if the Closing Price of the Common Stock equals or exceeds 150% of the then-effective Conversion Price for at least 180 consecutive Trading Days. Dividends payable for each full Dividend Period will be computed by dividing the Dividend Rate by four and shall be payable in arrears on each Dividend Payment Date for the Dividend Period ending immediately prior to such Dividend Payment Date, to the holders of record of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock at

F-1-1

the close of business on the Record Date applicable to such Dividend Payment Date. Such dividends shall be cumulative from the most recent date as to which dividends shall have been paid or, if no dividends have been paid, from the Issue Date (whether or not in any Dividend Period or Dividend Periods there shall be funds of the Company legally available for the payment of such dividends) and shall accrue on a day-to-day basis, whether or not earned or declared, from and after the Issue Date. Dividends payable for any partial Dividend Period or for the initial Dividend Period ending on the day immediately prior to [ ] [Note: the first Dividend Payment Date after the Swap Closing to be inserted], shall be computed on the basis of days elapsed over a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months. Accumulations of dividends on shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock shall not bear interest. The initial dividend rate on the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock for the initial Dividend Period, commencing on the Issue Date (assuming an Issue Date of [ ] [Note: the date of the Swap Closing to be inserted] and a then-applicable Dividend Rate of 15% per annum), will be $15 per share, subject to adjustment as provided for herein, and will be payable, when, as and if declared by the Board of Directors, on [ ] [Note: the first Dividend Payment Date after the Swap Closing to be inserted] out of funds lawfully available therefor. Each subsequent quarterly dividend on the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, when, as and if declared by the Board of Directors, will be $3.75 per share, subject to adjustment as provided for herein.

(b)

No dividend will be declared or paid upon, or any sum set apart for the payment of dividends upon, any outstanding share of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock with respect to any Dividend Period unless all dividends for all preceding Dividend Periods have been declared and paid, or declared and a sufficient sum of cash and/or number of shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock or Common Stock, if permitted under Section 3A, has been set apart for the payment of such dividend upon all outstanding shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock.

(c)

Holders of shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock shall not be entitled to any dividends on the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, whether payable in cash, property or stock, in excess of full cumulative dividends. No interest, or sum of money in lieu of interest, shall be payable in respect of any dividend payment or payments on the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock which may be in arrears.

(d)

If (i) within 45 days after a demand to file the Shelf Registration Statement has been made in accordance with the Investor Rights Agreement, the Shelf Registration Statement has not been filed with the Commission, (ii) within 135 days after a demand to file the Shelf Registration Statement has been made in accordance with the Investor Rights Agreement, the Shelf Registration Statement has not been declared effective by the Commission or (iii) after the Shelf Registration Statement has been declared effective by the Commission, (A) the Shelf Registration Statement thereafter ceases to be effective or (B) the Shelf Registration Statement or the related prospectus ceases to be usable in connection with resales of Transfer Restricted Securities during the period that any Transfer Restricted Securities (other than Transfer Restricted Securities held or beneficially owned by Affiliates of the Company, other than the Initial Holder) remain outstanding (each such event referred to in clauses (i), (ii) and (iii), a “REGISTRATION DEFAULT”), additional dividends shall accrue on the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock at the rate of 1.00% (100 basis points) per annum above the Dividend Rate for the first 30 days of such Registration Default, increasing to a rate of 1.50% (150 basis points) per annum thereafter, until all Registration Defaults have been cured from, and including, the date on which any such Registration Default shall occur to, but excluding, the date on which all Registration Defaults have been cured, subject to the exceptions set forth in Section 3(e). At all other times, dividends shall accumulate on the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock only at the Dividend Rate.

(e)

Additional dividends shall not accrue on the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock as a result of any Registration Default referred to in clause (iii) of Section 3(d) if (i) such Registration Default has occurred solely as a result of (A) the filing of a post-effective amendment to the Shelf

F-1-2

Registration Statement to incorporate annual audited financial information with respect to the Company where such post-effective amendment is not yet effective and needs to be declared effective to permit Holders to use the related prospectus, (B) the filing of a post-effective amendment to the Shelf Registration Statement to cover new Holders or beneficial owners of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock or additional shares of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock acquired by any existing Holder or beneficial owner of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock or (C) other material events with respect to the Company that would need to be described in the Shelf Registration Statement or the related prospectus and (ii) in the case of clause (i)(C), the Company is proceeding promptly and in good faith to amend or supplement such Shelf Registration Statement and related prospectus to describe such events; provided, however, that in the case of clauses (i)(A) or (C), if such Registration Default referred to in clause (iii) of Section 3(d) occurs for a continuous period in excess of 30 days, additional dividends as described in Section 3(d) shall accrue in accordance therewith from, and including, the date such Registration Default occurs until, but excluding, the date such Registration Default is cured.

(3A)

Method of Payment of Dividends.

(a)

Subject to the restrictions set forth herein, dividends on the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock may be paid, as determined in the Company’s sole discretion:

(i)

in cash;

(ii)

by delivery of additional shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock;

(iii)

by delivery of shares of Common Stock, if and only if the Volume Weighted Average Price equals or exceeds 125% of the then-effective Conversion Price for 30 consecutive Trading Days immediately prior to the applicable Dividend Payment Date, which price will be adjusted in the same manner as the Conversion Price may be adjusted pursuant to Section 13 in the event the Conversion Price is reduced pursuant to Section 13(b); or

(iv)

through any combination of cash, shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and/or Common Stock (subject to the satisfaction of the condition set forth in Section (3A)(a)(iii)) and distributed among the holders of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock on a pro rata or other equitable basis.

(b)

Shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock issued in payment or partial payment of a dividend shall be valued at the Liquidation Preference. Shares of Common Stock issued in payment or partial payment of a dividend shall be valued for such purpose at 95% of the Market Value as determined on the second Trading Day immediately prior to the Record Date for such dividend.

(c)

The Company shall give written notice to Holders, either by mail, facsimile, press release or other publication, of the portion of each dividend payment that will be made in cash, the portion of such payment that will be made in Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and the portion of such payment that will be made in Common Stock (subject to the satisfaction of the condition set forth in Section (3A)(a)(iii)), such notice to be given 10 Trading Days prior to the Record Date for such dividend.

(d)

No fractional shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock or Common Stock will be delivered to Holders in payment or partial payment of a dividend. Instead, a cash payment will be paid to each Holder that would otherwise be entitled to a fraction of a share of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock or Common Stock based on the Liquidation Preference, in the case of a fractional share of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, or 95% of the Closing Price on the Trading Day immediately preceding the Dividend Payment Date, in the case of a fractional share of Common Stock; provided, however, in the event that the Company is not then permitted by the

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terms of any outstanding Indebtedness, Senior Stock or Parity Stock to pay the amount required under this Section (3A)(d) in cash, the Company will (i) in the case of dividends paid in shares of Common Stock, deliver one share of Common Stock in lieu of delivery of a fractional share of Common Stock; and (ii) in the case of dividends paid in shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, deliver shares of Common Stock, valued at 95% of the Market Value as determined on the second Trading Day immediately prior to the Record Date for such dividend, in lieu of delivery of a fractional share of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, and will deliver one share of Common Stock in lieu of delivery of any resulting fractional share of Common Stock.

(e)

If the Shelf Registration Statement has been filed, to the extent that the Company determines that a Shelf Registration Statement is required in connection with the issuance of, or for resales of, Common Stock or Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, or both, issued in payment of a dividend, including dividends paid in connection with a conversion of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, the Company will use its reasonable best efforts to file and maintain the effectiveness of such a Shelf Registration Statement until such time as all such shares of Common Stock and/or Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock have been resold thereunder.

(4)

Payment Restrictions.

(a)

Unless all accrued, cumulated and unpaid dividends on the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock for all prior Dividend Periods shall have been paid in full, or shall have been declared and a sum of cash and/or number of shares of Common Stock or Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock sufficient for the payment thereof set aside, the Company may not:

(i)

declare or pay any dividend or make any distribution of assets on any Junior Stock;

(ii)

redeem, purchase or otherwise acquire any shares of Junior Stock or pay or make any monies available for a sinking fund for such shares of Junior Stock, other than (A) upon conversion or exchange for other Junior Stock or (B) the purchase for cash (if permitted by the terms of the Company’s then-outstanding Indebtedness, Senior Stock and Parity Stock) of fractional interests in shares of any Junior Stock in connection with any such conversion or exchange;

(iii)

declare or pay any dividend or make any distribution of assets on any shares of Parity Stock; or

(iv)

redeem, purchase or otherwise acquire any shares of Parity Stock, except (A) upon conversion into or exchange for other Parity Stock or Junior Stock and (B) the purchase for cash (if permitted by the terms of the Company’s then-outstanding Indebtedness, Senior Stock and Parity Stock) of fractional interests in shares of any Parity Stock or Junior Stock in connection with any such conversion or exchange; provided, however, that in the case of a redemption, purchase or other acquisition of Parity Stock upon conversion into or exchange for shares of other Parity Stock (A) the aggregate amount of the liquidation preference of such other Parity Stock does not exceed the aggregate amount of the liquidation preference, plus accrued, cumulated and unpaid dividends, of the shares of Parity Stock that are converted into or exchanged for such shares of other Parity Stock, (B) the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion, redemption or exchange of such other Parity Stock does not exceed the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion, redemption or exchange of the shares of Parity Stock that are converted into or exchanged for such shares of other Parity Stock and (C) such other shares of other Parity Stock contain terms and conditions (including, without limitation, with respect to the payment of dividends, dividend rates, liquidation preferences, voting and representation rights, payment restrictions, anti-dilution rights, change of control rights, covenants, remedies and conversion and redemption rights) that are not, in the good faith judgment of the Board of Directors, materially less favorable, taken as a whole, to the Company or the Holders than those contained in the shares of Parity Stock that are converted or exchanged for such shares of other Parity Stock.

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(5)

Voting Rights.

(a)

(i)

Except to the extent specifically provided herein or required by the DGCL, the Holders and the holders of Common Stock will vote together as a single class on all matters as to which the approval of the stockholders may be required, except for the election of directors, which shall be covered by Section 5(a)(ii)-(d). Holders will vote on an as-converted basis based on the Conversion Price (subject to adjustment pursuant to Section 13(a)(i), (iv) and (v)), and with respect to such vote, will have full voting rights and powers equal to the voting rights and powers of the holders of Common Stock and the Holders entitled to vote shall be determined on the record date on which the holders of Common Stock entitled to vote are determined for such vote; provided, however, fractional votes will not be permitted and any fractional voting rights available on an as-converted basis (after aggregating all shares into which shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock held by each Holder could be converted) will be rounded to the nearest whole number (with one-half being rounded upward).

(ii)

In addition to and separate from the voting rights set forth in Sections 5(b) - (d) below, the Holders, with holders of any Parity Stock having similar voting rights, acting together as a class, to the exclusion of the holders of Common Stock, shall have the right to elect up to that number of directors to the Board of Directors that constitutes a majority of the authorized number of members of the Board of Directors (the “PREFERRED DIRECTORS”); provided, however, that if, the percentage of Common Stock owned by the Holders on an as-converted basis, based on the Conversion Price (subject to adjustment pursuant to Section 13(a)(i), (iv) and (v)), is less than 50%, assuming exercise or conversion of all then-outstanding Options and Convertible Securities, then the Holders and holders of any Parity Stock having similar voting rights acting together as a class, to the exclusion of the holders of Common Stock, shall have the right to elect a number of Preferred Directors which represent a percentage of the Board of Directors that is equal to the percentage of Common Stock owned by the Holders on such as-converted basis, rounded to the nearest multiple of 10 percent. The Company and the Board of Directors shall take such action as may be necessary to ensure that the number of directors on the Board of Directors would allow for a whole number of Preferred Directors to be elected for such specified percentage of Preferred Directors.

(iii)

The relevant date for determining the Holders’ as-converted fully diluted percentage ownership of the Common Stock shall be the record date for determining stockholders of record of the Company entitled to vote at the next annual or special meeting, as the case may be, to be held for the purpose of electing directors, or if no such meeting has been held for thirteen months from the date of the last meeting held for such purpose or written consents obtained in lieu thereof, then on the date that is thirteen months from such date, in which case the term of office for such number of Preferred Directors in excess of the number of Preferred Directors that the Holders and holders of any Parity Stock having similar voting rights are then entitled to elect shall terminate immediately (such terminated Preferred Directors to be selected, if necessary, by Holders of a majority of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and holders of any Parity Stock having similar voting rights, acting together as a class, or, if no selection is made, by a majority of the members of the Board of Directors who are not Preferred Directors), and the vacancy shall be filled by a person appointed by a majority of those members of the Board of Directors who are not Preferred Directors. Any such director elected to fill a vacancy shall serve the same remaining term as that of the predecessor Preferred Director, subject, however, to prior death, resignation, retirement, disqualification, or removal from office.

If the holders of a majority of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and the Parity Stock having similar voting rights, acting together as a class, notify the Company in writing

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that they have determined to waive their right to elect all or any Preferred Directors, the Holders and holders of any Parity Stock having similar voting rights nevertheless shall have the right, during the effectiveness of such waiver, to designate one observer, to the Board of Directors (the “PREFERRED BOARD OBSERVER”), who, subject to the execution and delivery of a confidentiality agreement to the Company (in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Company), may attend meetings of the Board of Directors and receive any materials distributed to the Board of Directors in connection with such meetings.

After the Issue Date, the Preferred Directors shall have the right and power to designate one Preferred Director as a member of each committee of the Board of Directors; provided, that if the rules of the American Stock Exchange or any other national securities exchange or automated quotation system applicable to a committee (if and to the extent applicable to the Company) require all members of such committee to be independent, the Preferred Director designated as a member of such committee shall satisfy the independence requirements of such national securities exchange or automated quotation system.

For purposes of electing the Preferred Directors, holders of a majority of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and the Parity Stock having similar voting rights, acting together as a class, may nominate the nominees for election as the Preferred Directors. For purposes of designating the Preferred Board Observer, if any, or any replacement thereof, holders of a majority of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and the Parity Stock having similar voting rights, acting together as a class, may designate the Preferred Board Observer.

At any meeting of the Holders having a purpose of the election of the Preferred Directors, the presence, in person or by proxy, of holders of a majority in voting power of the shares of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and the Parity Stock having similar voting rights, acting together as a class, shall be required and be sufficient to constitute a quorum of such class for the election of any directors by such Persons.

Holders of a majority in voting power of the shares of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and the Parity Stock having similar voting rights, acting together as a class, may elect the Preferred Directors by vote or written consent in accordance with the DGCL.

Any vacancy in the office of a Preferred Director may be filled by a person elected by holders of a majority in voting power of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and the Parity Stock having similar voting rights, acting together as a class. A Preferred Director may be removed, with or without cause, by vote or by written consent, in each case in accordance with the DGCL by holders of a majority of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and the Parity Stock having similar voting rights, acting together as a class. Any Preferred Director elected to fill a vacancy shall serve the same remaining term as that of his or her predecessor, subject, however, to prior death, resignation, retirement, disqualification, or removal from office.

If required by the corporate governance requirements of the Exchange Act, the American Stock Exchange or any other national securities exchange or automated quotation system, a majority of the members of the Board of Directors shall be independent directors, two of whom shall be Preferred Directors; provided that if at such time the Board of Directors consists of less than six members, one of such independent directors shall be a Preferred Director.

(b)

If and whenever at any time or times a Voting Rights Triggering Event occurs, then the holders of shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, voting as a single class with the holders of any other then-outstanding Parity Stock having similar voting rights (together, the “VOTING RIGHTS CLASS”), will be entitled at the next regular or special meeting of stockholders of the Company to elect two additional directors of the Company. In connection with any election of directors pursuant to this Section 5(b), the size of the Board of Directors shall automatically, and without further action, be increased by two seats, effective immediately prior to such election.

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(c)

The voting rights provided for in Section 5(b) may be exercised at a special meeting of the holders of the shares of the Voting Rights Class, called as hereinafter provided, or at any annual meeting of stockholders of the Company held for the purpose of electing directors, and thereafter at each subsequent annual meeting until such time as (i) all dividends in arrears on any shares of the Voting Rights Class shall have been paid in full and (ii) the redemption price for shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, if any, required to be redeemed pursuant to Section 8 or 9 hereof shall have been paid in full, at which time or times such voting rights and the term of the directors elected pursuant to Section 5(d) shall terminate immediately.

(d)

At any time when such voting rights shall have vested in the holders of any shares of the Voting Rights Class, an Officer of the Company may call, and, upon written request of the record holders of shares of the Voting Rights Class representing at least twenty-five percent (25%) of the aggregate voting power of the then-outstanding shares of the Voting Rights Class, addressed to the Secretary of the Company, shall call, a special meeting of the holders of shares of the Voting Rights Class. Such meeting shall be held at the earliest practicable date upon the notice required for annual meetings of stockholders at a location designated by the Board of Directors and set forth in such notice. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 5(d), no such special meeting shall be called during a period within the 60 days immediately preceding the date fixed for the next annual meeting of stockholders of the Company, in which such case the election of directors pursuant to Section 5(b) shall be held at such annual meeting of stockholders.

(e)

At any meeting held for the purpose of electing directors at which the holders of shares of the Voting Rights Class shall have the right to elect directors as provided herein, the presence in person or by proxy of the holders of shares representing a majority of the aggregate voting power of the then-outstanding shares of the Voting Rights Class shall be required and shall be sufficient to constitute a quorum of the Voting Rights Class for the election of directors by the Voting Rights Class. Such directors shall be elected by the affirmative vote of the holders of shares constituting a majority of the aggregate voting power of the Voting Rights Class present at such meeting, in person or by proxy.

(f)

Any director elected pursuant to the voting rights set forth in Section 5(b) shall hold office until the next annual meeting of stockholders of the Company (unless such term has previously terminated pursuant to Section 5(c)) and any vacancy in respect of any such director shall be filled only by a person elected by holders of a majority in voting power of the Voting Rights Class at a special meeting called in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section 5(d), or, if no such special meeting is called, at the next annual meeting of stockholders of the Company. If all accrued and unpaid dividends on the Voting Rights Class have been paid in full and the redemption price for shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, if any, required to be redeemed pursuant to Section 8 or 9 hereof shall have been paid in full, as applicable, then the terms of office of the directors elected pursuant to Section 5(b) by holders of the Voting Rights Class shall terminate immediately, and the number of directors constituting the Board of Directors shall, without further action, be reduced by two.

(g)

So long as any shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock remain outstanding, unless a greater percentage shall then be required by law, the Company shall not, without the affirmative vote or consent of the Holders of at least 66-²/3% of the then-outstanding voting power of the shares of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock whether by merger, consolidation or otherwise, create, authorize, increase the authorized amount of, or issue (i) any additional shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock (except in payment of dividends on outstanding Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock), or (ii) any class or series of Senior Stock or Parity Stock (or any security convertible into Senior Stock or Parity Stock), except for Series B-2 Stock. In addition, so long as any shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock remain outstanding, unless a greater percentage shall then be required by law, the Company shall not, without the affirmative vote or consent of the Holders of at least 66-²/3% of the then-outstanding voting power

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of the shares of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, (i) amend the Certificate of Incorporation or this Certificate of Designations, whether by merger, consolidation, combination or otherwise, in a manner that would adversely affect the rights of the Holders, (ii) approve any transaction (or series of related transactions) that may result in a Change of Control or (iii) increase or decrease the size of the Board of Directors. Unless a greater percentage shall then be required by law, compliance by the Company with the covenants set forth in Sections 14, 15 or 16 may be waived by the affirmative vote or consent of the Holders of at least 66-²/3% of the then-outstanding voting power of the shares of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock.

(h)

In exercising the voting rights set forth in Sections 5(a) through 5(g), each share of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock shall be entitled to one vote. Except with respect to any vote where solely the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Series B-2 Stock are entitled to vote together as a class, in any case where the Holders of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to vote as members of a single class with holders of shares of any Senior Stock or Parity Stock having similar voting rights, each class or series shall have a number of votes proportionate to the aggregate liquidation preference of the outstanding shares of such class or series.

(i)

The Company may, without the consent of the Holders of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, and in taking such actions the Company shall not be deemed to have affected adversely the rights, preferences, privileges or voting rights of the Holders, (i) authorize, increase the authorized amount of, or issue any class or series of Junior Stock or (ii) amend, alter or repeal any of the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation or this Certificate of Designations in connection with any merger or consolidation of the Company of the type described in Section 13(e)(i) hereof or any statutory exchange of securities of the Company with another Person of the type described in Section 13(e)(iv) hereof; provided, however, that, subject to Section 9 hereof, in the event the Company does not survive the transaction, the shares of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock will be converted into or exchanged for shares of the successor Person, having in respect of such successor Person the same rights, preferences or voting powers as the shares of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock immediately prior to the consummation of such merger, consolidation, or statutory exchange, except that they shall be convertible into the kind and amount of cash, securities and other property as determined in accordance with Section 13(e) hereof; and provided further, however, that following any such statutory exchange, such successor Person shall succeed to and be substituted for the Company with respect to, and may exercise all of the rights and powers of the Company under, this Certificate of Designations and the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock.

(6)

Liquidation, Dissolution or Winding Up.

(a)

In the event of any liquidation, winding-up or dissolution of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, subject to the rights of holders of any outstanding Senior Stock or Parity Stock, each Holder shall be entitled to receive and to be paid out of the assets of the Company available for distribution to its stockholders the Liquidation Preference (subject to adjustment for stock splits, combinations or reclassifications of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock), plus an amount equal to all accrued, cumulated and unpaid dividends thereon in preference to the holders of, and before any payment or distribution is made on, any Junior Stock, including, without limitation, any Common Stock.

(b)

Neither the sale, conveyance, exchange or transfer (for cash, shares of stock, securities or other consideration) of all or substantially all the assets or business of the Company (other than in connection with the liquidation, winding-up or dissolution of its business), nor the merger or consolidation of the Company into or with any other Person, shall be deemed to be a liquidation, winding-up or dissolution, voluntary or involuntary, for the purposes of this Section 6.

(c)

After the payment to the Holders of the full preferential amounts provided for in Section 6(a), the Holders as such shall have no right or claim to any of the remaining assets of the Company.

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(d)

In the event the assets of the Company available for distribution to the Holders upon any liquidation, winding-up or dissolution of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, shall be insufficient to pay in full all amounts to which the Holders are entitled pursuant to Section 6(a), no such distribution shall be made on account of any shares of Parity Stock upon such liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, unless proportionate distributable amounts shall be paid on account of the shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, ratably, in proportion to the full distributable amounts for which holders of all Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and of any Parity Stock are entitled upon such liquidation, winding-up or dissolution.

(7)

Conversion at the Option of the Holder.

(a)

Each Holder shall have the right, at any time, at its option, from the Issue Date to convert, subject to the terms and provisions of this Section 7 and Section 11(b), any or all of such Holder’s shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock into shares of Common Stock by providing written notice to the Company and the Transfer Agent as provided in this Section 7. In such case, the shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock shall be converted into such whole number of shares of Common Stock as is equal to the product of the number of shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock being so converted multiplied by the quotient of (i) the Liquidation Preference divided by (ii) the Conversion Price then in effect, with any resulting fractional shares of Common Stock to be settled in accordance with Section 12.

(b)

Any written notice of conversion pursuant to this Section 7 shall be duly executed by the Holder, and specify:

(i)

the number of shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock to be converted;

(ii)

the name(s) in which such Holder desires the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion to be registered and whether such shares of Common Stock are to be issued in book entry or certificated form (subject to compliance with the other provisions of this Certificate of Designations and the applicable rules of the Transfer Agent and, if applicable, the American Stock Exchange as well as applicable legal requirements, if any, if such shares are to be issued in a name other than the name of the Holder); and

(iii)

any other transfer forms, tax forms or other relevant documentation required and specified by the Company or the Transfer Agent, if necessary, to effect the conversion.

(c)

If specified by the Holder in the notice of conversion that shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock shall be issued to a Person other than the Holder surrendering the shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock being converted, the Holder shall pay or cause to be paid any transfer or similar taxes payable in connection with the shares of Common Stock so issued.

(d)

Upon receipt by the Transfer Agent of a completed and duly executed notice of conversion as set forth in Section 7(b), compliance with Section 7(c), if applicable, and upon surrender of the certificate(s), if any, representing the share(s) of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock to be converted and any payment required by Section 7(f), the Company shall, within three Business Days or as soon as possible thereafter, issue and shall instruct the Transfer Agent to register the number of shares of Common Stock to which such Holder shall be entitled upon conversion in the name(s) specified by such Holder in the notice of conversion. If a Holder elects to hold its shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock in certificated form (if such is permitted by the Certificate of Designations and the applicable rules of the Transfer Agent and, if applicable, the American Stock Exchange), the Company shall promptly send or cause to be sent, by hand delivery (with receipt to be acknowledged) or by first-class mail, postage prepaid, to such Holder, at the address designated by such Holder in the written notice of conversion, a certificate or certificates representing the number of shares of Common Stock to which such Holder shall be entitled upon conversion. In the event that there

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shall have been surrendered a certificate or certificates representing shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, only part of which are to be converted, the Company shall issue and deliver to such Holder or such Holder’s designee in the manner provided in the immediately preceding sentence a new certificate or certificates representing the number of shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock that shall not have been converted, or shall instruct the Transfer Agent to register the number of such Holder’s shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock that shall not have been converted, in either case in the name(s) specified by such Holder in the notice of conversion.

(e)

The issuance by the Company of shares of Common Stock upon a conversion of shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock in accordance with the terms hereof shall be deemed effective immediately prior to the close of business on the day of receipt by the Transfer Agent of the notice of conversion and other documents, if any, set forth in Section 7(b) hereof, compliance with Section 7(c), if applicable, and the surrender by such Holder or such Holder’s designee of the certificate or certificates, if any, representing the shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock to be converted, duly assigned or endorsed for transfer to the Company (or accompanied by duly executed stock powers relating thereto).

(f)

A Holder at the close of business on a Record Date will be entitled to receive the dividend payment on its shares of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock on the corresponding Dividend Payment Date, notwithstanding the conversion of such shares following such date or a default by the Company with respect to the payment of the dividend due on that Dividend Payment Date. However, shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock surrendered for conversion during the period between the close of business on any Record Date and the close of business on the Business Day immediately preceding the applicable Dividend Payment Date must be accompanied by payment of an amount equal to the dividend payable on such shares on the applicable Dividend Payment Date. A Holder on a Record Date who (or whose transferee) tenders any shares for conversion on the corresponding Dividend Payment Date is entitled to receive the dividend payable on the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock on the corresponding Dividend Payment Date, and the converting Holder need not include payment of the amount of such dividend upon surrender of shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock for conversion. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Company has specified a Change of Control Purchase Date during such period or on such corresponding Dividend Payment Date pursuant to Section 9, a Holder who tenders such shares for conversion will receive the dividend payable on such Dividend Payment Date and need not include payment of the amount of such dividend upon surrender of such shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock for conversion.

(g)

Except as described in Section 7(f), upon any optional conversion of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, the Company will make no payment or allowance for unpaid dividends, whether or not in arrears, on the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock surrendered for conversion or for dividends on the shares of Common Stock issued upon conversion.

(8)

Mandatory Redemption.

(a)

On [ ], 2013 [Note: the date being the fifth anniversary of the date of the Swap Closing] (the “MANDATORY REDEMPTION DATE”), each Holder of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock will have the right to require the Company to redeem, in cash, from any source of funds legally available therefor and subject to the terms of any of the Company’s Indebtedness, Senior Stock or Parity Stock all or any of such Holder’s shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, at a cash price per share (the “MANDATORY REDEMPTION PRICE”) equal to the sum of the Liquidation Preference plus an amount equal to all accrued and unpaid dividends on one share of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, whether or not declared prior to that date, for the then-current Dividend Period through the Mandatory Redemption Date and all prior dividend periods (other than previously declared dividends on shares of Redeemable Convertible

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Preferred Stock payable to Holders of record as of a prior date). If the Company is not legally permitted to pay dividends in cash on the Mandatory Redemption Date, such Holders will have the right to receive, in lieu of cash in payment of such dividends, an additional number of whole shares of Common Stock equal to the amount of dividends otherwise payable divided by the Market Value as determined on the Mandatory Redemption Date, with any resulting fractional share of Common Stock to be settled in accordance with Section 12.

(b)

Each Holder desiring to exercise its right to require redemption of all or any of its shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock pursuant to this Section 8 must deliver a written notice of such election to the Company on or after [ ] [Note: the date two months ahead of the Mandatory Redemption Date to be inserted] but in any event at least ten Business Days prior to the Mandatory Redemption Date and such Holder shall have the right to withdraw its election at anytime prior to the tenth (10^th) Business Day before the Mandatory Redemption Date. Any written notice of such Holder’s election to require redemption pursuant to this Section 8 shall be duly executed by the Holder and specify the number of shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock to be redeemed.

(c)

The Company shall provide each Holder who has notified the Company of its redemption election and has not withdrawn pursuant to Section 8(b) with a written notice of the Holder’s rights to require redemption (addressed to each such Holder at its address as it appears on the stock transfer books of the Company or its Transfer Agent), not later than five Business Days prior to the Mandatory Redemption Date. The Company’s notice of redemption shall specify (i) the Mandatory Redemption Price; (ii) that the Holders who have elected to redeem their shares are to surrender to the Company their shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock in the manner and at the place designated in the notice; and (iii) that the Holders may obtain payment of the Mandatory Redemption Price upon surrender of their shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock in the manner and at the place designated in the notice. If lawful funds to pay the Redemption Price are available on the Mandatory Redemption Date, then whether or not shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock are surrendered for payment of the Mandatory Redemption Price, shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock subject to redemption pursuant to this Section 8 shall no longer be outstanding, dividends shall cease to accrue on such shares and the Holders thereof shall cease to have any rights with respect to such shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock on and after the Mandatory Redemption Date, except for the right to receive the Mandatory Redemption Price, without interest, upon the surrender of such shares. The Company shall take all such actions as are necessary to maximize the funds that are legally available for the payment of dividends on, and the redemption of, shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, including, without limitation, the revaluation of the Company’s assets to their actual values.

(d)

The funds necessary for the payment of the Mandatory Redemption Price shall be deposited with the Transfer Agent in trust at least one Business Day prior to the Mandatory Redemption Date, for the pro rata benefit of the Holders of record as they appear on the stock transfer books of the Company or its Transfer Agent, so as to be and continue to be available therefor. The deposit of monies in trust with the Transfer Agent up to the amount necessary for the payment of the aggregate Mandatory Redemption Price shall be irrevocable except that the Company shall be entitled to receive from the Transfer Agent the interest earned on monies so deposited in trust, and the Holders of the shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock redeemed shall have no claim to such interest or other earnings, and any balance of monies so deposited by the Company and unclaimed by the Holders entitled thereto at the expiration of two years from the Mandatory Redemption Date shall be repaid, together with any interest or other earnings thereon, to the Company, and after any such repayment, the Holders of the shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock entitled to the funds so repaid to the Company shall look only to the Company for such payment, without interest. On the Mandatory Redemption Date and subject to the receipt by

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the Company of a completed and duly executed notice of redemption pursuant to Section 8(b), compliance with the instructions set forth in the notice provided by the Company pursuant to Section 8(c), including surrender of any certificates representing share(s) of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock to be redeemed, the Company shall instruct the Transfer Agent to pay the Mandatory Redemption Price to each Holder who has duly exercised its redemption rights pursuant to this Section 8 for each share of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock of such Holder subject to redemption under this Section 8.

(9)

Redemption Upon a Change of Control.

(a)

Upon the occurrence of a Change of Control, each Holder shall have the right to require the Company to redeem, in cash from legally available funds and provided that the Company is permitted to do so under the terms of any then-outstanding Indebtedness, Senior Stock or Parity Stock, all or any of its shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, on the date that is 45 days after the Company Notice Date (as defined below) (the “CHANGE OF CONTROL PURCHASE DATE”) at a cash price per share equal to the sum of (A) (i) 110% of the then-effective Conversion Price multiplied by the number of shares of Common Stock into which one share of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock is then convertible under Section 7(a) above, if the average of the Volume Weighted Average Price for 30 consecutive Trading Days immediately prior to the Company Notice Date is equal to or less than the then-effective Conversion Price, or (ii) 100% of the then-effective Conversion Price multiplied by the number of shares of Common Stock into which one share of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock is then convertible under Section 7(a), if the average of the Volume Weighted Average Price for 30 consecutive Trading Days immediately prior to the Company Notice Date is greater than the then-effective Conversion Price, plus (B) an amount equal to all accrued and unpaid dividends on one share of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, whether or not declared prior to the Change of Control Purchase Date, for the then-current dividend period until the Change of Control Purchase Date and all prior dividend periods (other than previously declared dividends on the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock payable to Holders of record as of a prior date) (such per-share sum, the “CHANGE OF CONTROL REDEMPTION PRICE”).

(b)

In the event of a Change of Control, the Company must give notice of such Change of Control within 10 Trading Days after the effective date of the Change of Control (such date, being the “COMPANY NOTICE DATE”), by mail, to each Holder, at such Holder’s address as the same appears on the stock register of the Company or its Transfer Agent. Each such notice shall state (i) that a Change of Control has occurred and a description of the resulting redemption right; (ii) the Change of Control Redemption Price and the Change of Control Purchase Date; and (iii) instructions each Holder must follow to exercise its redemption right. For the avoidance of doubt, the Company’s failure to provide notice to any Holder pursuant to this Section 9(b) shall not in any way limit, impair or otherwise adversely effect the Holder’s right to request the Company to redeem its shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock under this Certificate of Designations.

(c)

In order to exercise the redemption right upon a Change of Control, a Holder must deliver to the Company prior to the Change of Control Purchase Date, a notice in compliance with the instructions provided in the Company’s notice given pursuant to Section 9(b) above (the “CHANGE OF CONTROL NOTICE”). A Holder may withdraw a Change of Control Notice by delivering a written notice of withdrawal to the Transfer Agent prior to the close of business on the Business Day prior to the Change of Control Purchase Date, stating (i) the number of shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock that are being withdrawn; (ii) the certificate numbers of the withdrawn shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock (if any such shares are evidenced by certificates); and (iii) the number of shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, if any, which remain subject to the Holder’s Change of Control Notice.

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(d)

If funds to pay the aggregate Change of Control Redemption Price are lawfully are available on the Change of Control Purchase Date, then whether or not shares are surrendered for payment of the Change of Control Redemption Price, shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock tendered for redemption and not validly withdrawn pursuant to this Section 9 shall no longer be outstanding, dividends will cease to accrue on such shares and the Holders thereof shall cease to have any rights with respect to such shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock on and after the Change of Control Purchase Date except for the right to receive the Change of Control Redemption Price, without interest, upon the surrender of such shares. The Company shall take all such actions as are necessary to maximize the funds that are legally available for the payment of dividends on, and the redemption of, shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, including, without limitation, the revaluation of the Company’s assets to their actual values.

(e)

The funds necessary for the payment of the Change of Control Redemption Price shall be deposited with the Transfer Agent in trust at least one Business Day prior to the Change of Control Purchase Date, for the pro rata benefit of the Holders of record as they appear on the stock register of the Company or its Transfer Agent, so as to be, and continue to be, available therefor. The deposit of monies in trust with the Transfer Agent up to the amount necessary for the payment of the aggregate Change of Control Redemption Price shall be irrevocable, except that the Company shall be entitled to receive from the Transfer Agent the interest earned on monies so deposited in trust, and the Holders of the shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock converted shall have no claim to such interest or other earnings, and any balance of monies so deposited by the Company and unclaimed by the Holders entitled thereto at the expiration of two years from the Change of Control Purchase Date shall be repaid, together with any interest or other earnings thereon, to the Company, and after any such repayment, the Holders of the shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock entitled to the funds so repaid to the Company shall look only to the Company for such payment, without interest. On the Change of Control Purchase Date and subject to the receipt by the Transfer Agent of a completed and duly executed Change of Control Notice and compliance with the instructions set forth in the notice provided by the Company pursuant to Section 9(b), including surrender of any certificates representing share(s) of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock to be redeemed, the Company shall instruct the Transfer Agent to pay the Change of Control Purchase Price to each Holder who has duly exercised its redemption rights pursuant to this Section 9 for each share of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock of such Holder subject to redemption under this Section 9.

(10)

Preemptive Rights. For so long as any shares of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock are outstanding, Holders will be entitled to purchase the debt or equity securities of the Company or securities of the Company convertible into equity of the Company or in which there is a Company equity component (as the case may be, “ADDITIONAL SECURITIES”) proposed to be sold or issued by the Company in any of the Company’s future offerings (or series of related offerings). Such purchase right will be allocated among the Holders on a pro rata basis according to their then-ownership of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock.

Each time the Company proposes to offer any Additional Securities, the Company shall make an unconditional offering of such Additional Securities to each Holder in accordance with the following provisions:

(i)

The Company shall deliver a notice (the “ISSUANCE NOTICE”) to the Holders stating (A) its bona fide intention to offer such Additional Securities, (B) the number of such Additional Securities to be offered, (C) the price and terms, if any, upon which it proposes to offer such Additional Securities, and (D) the anticipated closing date of the sale of such Additional Securities.

(ii)

By written notification delivered to the Company within ten Trading Days after the date of the Issuance Notice, any Holder may elect to purchase, at the price and on the terms specified in the Issuance Notice, up to that number of such Additional Securities which equals such Holder’s pro rata amount.

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The rights of Holders under this Section 10 shall not apply to: (A) the conversion of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, the Company’s Senior Redeemable Preferred Stock, Junior Redeemable Preferred Stock or Series B-2 Stock, or any other securities convertible into equity of the Company or in which there is an equity component previously issued in compliance with this Section 10, (B) the exercise of any warrants, options or other convertible securities of the Company outstanding on the date this Certificate of Designations is filed with the Office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, including warrants issued by the Company to the Initial Holder on the date of such filing, (C) the issuance of Common Stock to the Initial Holder pursuant to the terms of the Investment Agreement, (D) the issuance of the Shares of Newly Issued Common Stock, (E) the issuance (at issuance or exercise prices at or above Market Value) of Common Stock, stock awards or options under, or the exercise of any options granted pursuant to, any employee stock option or similar employee incentive or benefit plan for the issuance of stock awards, options or capital stock of the Company approved by the Board of Directors or (F) the issuance of shares of Common Stock or preferred stock of the Company pursuant to a stock split, combination or subdivision of the outstanding shares of Common Stock or preferred stock (as the case may be) of the Company. Notwithstanding anything herein contained to the contrary, the Holders’ rights to Additional Securities set forth in this Section 10 shall apply even if it is contemplated that the shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock will not be outstanding on the anticipated closing date of the sale of such Additional Securities if the shares were outstanding at the time of the giving of the Issuance Notice.

(11)

Reservation of Common Stock.

(a)

The Company shall at all times reserve and keep available out of its authorized and unissued Common Stock or shares held in the treasury of the Company, solely for issuance upon the conversion, or in payment of accrued and unpaid dividends upon redemption pursuant to Section 8(a), of shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock as herein provided, free from any preemptive or other similar rights, such number of shares of Common Stock as shall from time to time be issuable upon the conversion, or in payment of accrued and unpaid dividends upon redemption pursuant to Section 8(a), of all the shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock then outstanding, or potentially issuable as dividends through the Mandatory Redemption Date, assuming the Company is not eligible to pay dividends pursuant to Section 3A in cash or shares of Common Stock. For purposes of this Section 11(a), the number of shares of Common Stock that shall be deliverable upon the conversion, or in payment of accrued and unpaid dividends upon redemption pursuant to Section 8(a), of all outstanding or potentially issuable shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock shall be computed as if at the time of computation all such outstanding shares were held by a single Holder. The Company shall at all times reserve and keep available out of its authorized and unissued shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock or shares held in the treasury of the Company, solely for issuance as dividends on shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock as herein provided, free from any preemptive or other similar rights, such number of shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock that are potentially issuable as dividends through the Mandatory Redemption Date, assuming the Company is not eligible to pay dividends pursuant to Section 3A in cash or shares of Common Stock.

(b)

Notwithstanding the foregoing Section 11(a), the Company shall be entitled to deliver upon conversion, or in payment of accrued and unpaid dividends upon redemption pursuant to Section 8(a), of shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock or issued in payment of dividends on the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, as herein provided, shares of Common Stock reacquired and held in the treasury of the Company (in lieu of the issuance of authorized and unissued shares of Common Stock), so long as any such treasury shares are free and clear of all Liens (other than Liens created by the Holders).

(c)

All shares of Common Stock delivered in payment of dividends on, or upon conversion, or in payment of accrued and unpaid dividends upon redemption pursuant to Section 8(a), of, the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and all shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred

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Stock delivered as payment of dividends shall be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, free and clear of all Liens (other than Liens created by the Holders).

(d)

Prior to the delivery of any securities that the Company shall be obligated to deliver upon conversion, or in payment of accrued and unpaid dividends upon redemption pursuant to Section 8(a), of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock or as payment of dividends, the Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to comply with all federal and state laws and regulations thereunder regarding the registration of such securities with, or any approval of or consent to the delivery thereof by, any governmental authority.

(e)

The Company hereby covenants and agrees that, if at any time the Common Stock shall be listed on the American Stock Exchange or any other national securities exchange or automated quotation system, the Company will, if permitted by the rules of such exchange or automated quotation system, list and keep listed, so long as the Common Stock shall be so listed on such exchange or automated quotation system, all Common Stock issuable upon conversion, or in payment of accrued and unpaid dividends upon redemption pursuant to Section 8(a), of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock or issued in payment of dividends on the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock; provided, however, that if the rules of such exchange or automated quotation system permit the Company to defer the listing of such Common Stock until the first conversion of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock into Common Stock or first issuance of Common Stock in payment of dividends on the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock in accordance with the provisions hereof, the Company covenants to list such Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock or issued in payment of dividends on the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock in accordance with the requirements of such exchange or automated quotation system at such time.

(12)

Fractional Shares.

(a)

No fractional shares of Common Stock will be issued as a result of any conversion of shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock or any payment of accrued and unpaid dividends in shares of Common Stock in lieu of cash upon redemption pursuant to Section 8(a) and, in lieu thereof, a cash adjustment will be paid to each Holder that would otherwise be entitled to a fraction of a share of Common Stock. Any portion of any such payment that is declared and not paid through the delivery of Common Stock will be paid in cash based on the Closing Price of Common Stock on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of conversion or redemption (as the case may be). Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that the Company is not permitted by the terms of any outstanding Indebtedness to pay the amount required under this Section 12(a) in cash, the Company will deliver one share of Common Stock in lieu of a fractional share of Common Stock.

(b)

If more than one share of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock is surrendered for conversion at one time by or for the same Holder, the number of full shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion thereof shall be computed on the basis of the aggregate number of shares of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock so surrendered.

(13)

Adjustments to the Conversion Price and Dividend Rate.

(a)

The Conversion Price shall be subject to the following adjustments:

(i)

Stock Dividends and Distributions. In case the Company shall pay or make a dividend or other distribution on any Capital Stock (other than the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock) in shares of Common Stock, the Conversion Price, as in effect at the opening of business on the day following the date fixed for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or other distribution, shall be decreased by multiplying such Conversion Price by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding at the close of business on the date fixed for such determination

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and the denominator shall be the sum of such number of shares of Common Stock outstanding and the total number of shares of Common Stock constituting such dividend or other distribution, such decrease to become effective immediately after the opening of business on the day following the date fixed for such determination. For purposes of this Section 13(a)(i), the number of shares of Common Stock at the time outstanding shall not include shares held in the treasury of the Company but shall include any shares issuable in respect of any scrip certificates issued in lieu of fractions of shares of Common Stock. Except as provided in Section 11(b), the Company will not pay any dividend or make any distribution on shares of Common Stock held in the treasury of the Company.

(ii)

Dilutive Issuances. In case the Company issues or sells, or is deemed to have issued or sold, any shares of its Common Stock (other than Excluded Stock) for no consideration or consideration per share less than $1.40 (which price shall be adjusted from time to time in the manner set forth in Sections 13(a)(i) and 13(a)(iv)) (as so adjusted, the “THRESHOLD PRICE”), then immediately upon such issue or sale, the Conversion Price shall be reduced to the lowest price per share for which any one such share of its Common Stock has been issued or deemed issued. For purposes of this Section 13(a)(ii), “EXCLUDED STOCK” means shares of Common Stock (in each case as adjusted for any stock splits, stock dividends, recapitalizations, combinations or similar transactions), Options and Convertible Securities issued (i) pursuant to one or more Approved Plans, (ii) upon conversion of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, the Senior Redeemable Preferred Stock, Junior Redeemable Preferred Stock or Series B-2 Stock, (iii) upon conversion, exercise or exchange of any Options or Convertible Securities outstanding as of the Issue Date pursuant to and in accordance with the terms of such Options or Convertible Securities as of such date, (iv) pursuant to Sections 4.02 and 4.04 of the Investment Agreement, (v) pursuant to the preemptive rights set forth in Section 10 or preemptive rights of holders of the Senior Redeemable Preferred Stock or Series B-2 Stock, and (vi) in connection with any stock splits or stock dividends, or any recapitalizations, reorganizations, mergers or consolidations contemplated by Section 13(e).

(iii)

Options and Convertible Securities. For purposes of determining the adjusted Conversion Price under Section 13(a)(ii), the following shall be applicable (it being acknowledged that the issuance of Excluded Stock shall not be subject to the provisions of this Section 13(a)(iii)):

(A)

If the Company in any manner issues or grants any options, warrants, or similar rights (“OPTIONS”) to purchase or acquire Common Stock or other Capital Stock convertible or exchangeable, with or without consideration, into or for Common Stock (“CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES”), the price per share for which Common Stock is issuable upon the exercise of such Options or upon conversion or exchange of such Convertible Securities shall be determined by dividing (1) the total amount, if any, received or receivable by the Company as consideration for the granting of such Options, plus the minimum aggregate amount of additional consideration payable to the Company upon exercise of all such Options, plus, in the case of such Options which relate to Convertible Securities, the minimum aggregate amount of additional consideration, if any, payable to the Company upon the issuance or sale of such Convertible Securities and the conversion or exchange of such Convertible Securities, by (2) the total maximum number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of such Options or upon the conversion or exchange of all such Convertible Securities issuable upon the exercise of such Options. No further adjustment of the Conversion Price shall be made when Convertible Securities are actually issued upon the exercise of such Options or when Common Stock is actually issued upon the exercise of such Options or the conversion or exchange of such Convertible Securities.

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(B)

If the Company in any manner issues or sells any Convertible Securities, the price per share for which Common Stock is issuable upon such conversion or exchange shall be determined by dividing (1) the total amount received or receivable by the Company as consideration for the issue or sale of such Convertible Securities, plus the minimum aggregate amount of additional consideration, if any, payable to the Company upon the conversion or exchange of such Convertible Securities, by (2) the total maximum number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon the conversion or exchange of all such Convertible Securities. No further adjustment of the Conversion Price shall be made when Common Stock is actually issued upon the conversion or exchange of such Convertible Securities, and if any such issue or sale of such Convertible Securities is made upon exercise of any Options for which adjustments of the Conversion Price had been or are to be made pursuant to other provisions of this Section 13(a)(iii), no further adjustment of the Conversion Price shall be made by reason of such issue or sale.

(C)

If the exercise price provided for in any Options, the additional consideration, if any, payable upon the conversion or exchange of any Convertible Securities or the rate at which any Convertible Securities are convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock changes at any time, the Conversion Price in effect at the time of such change shall be readjusted to the Conversion Price which would have been in effect at such time had an adjustment been made upon the issuance of such Options or Convertible Securities still outstanding on the basis of such changed exercise price, additional consideration, or changed Conversion Price, as the case may be, at the time initially granted, issued, or sold.

(D)

Upon the expiration of any Option or the termination of any right to convert or exchange any Convertible Security without the exercise of any such Option or right, the Conversion Price then in effect shall be adjusted to the Conversion Price which would have been in effect at the time of such expiration or termination had such Option or Convertible Security, to the extent outstanding immediately prior to such expiration or termination, never been issued.

(E)

If any Common Stock, Option or Convertible Security is issued or sold for cash, the consideration received for such Common Stock, Option or Convertible Security shall be deemed to be the net amount received by the Company for such Common Stock, Option or Convertible Security. In case any Common Stock, Options or Convertible Securities are issued or sold for a consideration other than cash, the amount of the consideration other than cash received by the Company shall be the fair market value of such non-cash consideration as of the date of receipt as determined by the Board of Directors. If any Common Stock, Option or Convertible Security is issued in connection with any merger in which the Company is the surviving Person, the amount of consideration for such Common Stock, Option, or Convertible Security shall be deemed to be the fair market value (as determined by the Board of Directors) of such portion of the net assets and business of the non-surviving Person as is attributable to such Common Stock, Options or Convertible Securities, as the case may be.

(F)

In case any Option is issued in connection with the issue or sale of other securities of the Company, together comprising one integrated transaction in which no specific consideration is allocated to such Option by the parties to such transaction, the Option shall be deemed to have been issued for a consideration of $0.0006.

(G)

The number of shares of Common Stock outstanding at any given time does not include shares owned or held by or for the account of the Company or any Subsidiary, and the disposition of any shares so owned or held shall be considered an issue or sale of Common Stock.

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(H)

If the Company fixes a record date for the purpose of determining the holders of Common Stock entitled (1) to receive a dividend or other distribution payable in Common Stock, Options, or Convertible Securities or (2) to subscribe for or purchase Common Stock, Options or Convertible Securities, then such record date shall be deemed to be the date of the issue or sale of the shares of Common Stock deemed to have been issued or sold upon the payment of such dividend or upon the making of such other distribution or the date of the granting of such right of subscription or purchase, as the case may be.

(iv)

Subdivisions, Splits and Combinations of the Common Stock. In case outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be subdivided or split into a greater number of shares of Common Stock, the Conversion Price in effect at the opening of business on the day following the day upon which such subdivision or split becomes effective shall be proportionately reduced, and, conversely, in case outstanding shares of Common Stock shall each be combined into a smaller number of shares of Common Stock, the Conversion Price in effect at the opening of business on the day following the day upon which such combination becomes effective shall be proportionately increased, such reduction or increase, as the case may be, to become effective immediately after the opening of business on the day following the day upon which such subdivision, split or combination becomes effective.

(v)

Distributions Pursuant to a Rights Plan. In case the Company shall at any time or from time to time pay a dividend or make a distribution of Capital Stock to all holders of shares of Common Stock pursuant to a stockholder rights plan, “poison pill” or similar arrangement, then the Conversion Price in effect immediately prior to such event shall be adjusted (and any other appropriate actions shall be taken by the Company) so that the holder of any share of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock thereafter surrendered for conversion shall be entitled to receive the number of shares of Capital Stock that such holder would have owned or would have been entitled to receive upon or by reason of such dividend or distribution, had such share of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock been converted into shares of Common Stock immediately prior to such dividend or distribution. An adjustment made pursuant to this Section 13(a)(v) shall become effective retroactively to the day immediately following the close of business on the record date for the determination of holders of Common Stock entitled to receive such dividend or distribution.

(vi)

Cash Distributions. If the Company shall at any time make a distribution, by dividend or otherwise, to all holders of shares of its Common Stock consisting exclusively of cash (excluding any cash portion of distributions referred to in Section 13(a)(v) above and cash distributed upon a merger or consolidation to which Section 13(e) applies) then the Conversion Price will be adjusted by multiplying:

(A)

the Conversion Price in effect immediately prior to the close of business on the record date fixed for the determination of holders of Common Stock entitled to receive such distribution by

(B)

a fraction, the numerator of which will be the Market Value determined on the Trading Day prior to such record date minus the amount of cash per share of Common Stock so distributed and the denominator of which will be the Market Value determined on the Trading Day prior to such record date.

Such adjustment shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of holders of Common Stock entitled to receive the distribution giving rise to an adjustment pursuant to this Section 13(a)(vi).

(vii)

Debt or Asset Distribution. If the Company shall at any time or from time to time make a distribution to all holders of its Common Stock consisting of evidences of indebtedness,

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shares of its Capital Stock other than Common Stock or assets (including securities, but excluding those Options, Convertible Securities, dividends, rights and distributions referred to in Sections 13(a)(iii) and (v) above), then, and in each such case, the Conversion Price then in effect shall be adjusted by multiplying the Conversion Price in effect immediately prior to the date of such distribution or by a fraction (A) the numerator of which shall be the Market Value less the then fair market value (as determined by the Board of Directors) of the portion of the cash, evidences of indebtedness, securities or other assets so distributed applicable to one share of Common Stock (but such numerator shall not be less than one); and (B) the denominator of which shall be the Market Value; provided, however, that no adjustment shall be made with respect to any distribution of rights to purchase Capital Stock of the Company if the Holders would otherwise be entitled to receive such rights upon conversion at any time of shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock into shares of Common Stock unless such rights are subsequently redeemed by the Company, in which case such redemption shall be treated for purposes of this Section 13(a)(vii) as a dividend on the Common Stock. Such adjustment shall be made whenever any such distribution is made and shall become effective retroactively to a date immediately following the close of business on the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such distribution.

(b)

Adjustment for Tax Reasons. The Company reserves the right to make such reductions in the Conversion Price in addition to those required in the foregoing provisions as it considers advisable in order that any event treated for Federal income tax purposes as a dividend of stock or stock rights will not be taxable to the recipients. In the event the Company elects to make such a reduction in the Conversion Price, the Company will comply with the requirements of Rule 14e-1 under the Exchange Act, and any other securities laws and regulations thereunder if and to the extent that such laws and regulations are applicable in connection with the reduction of the Conversion Price.

(c)

Calculation of Adjustments. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, no adjustment under this Section 13 need be made to the Conversion Price unless such adjustment would require an increase or decrease of at least 1% of the Conversion Price then in effect. Any lesser adjustment shall be carried forward and shall be made at the time of and together with the next subsequent adjustment, if any, which, together with any adjustment or adjustments so carried forward, shall amount to an increase or decrease of at least 1% of such Conversion Price; provided, however, that with respect to adjustments to be made to the Conversion Price in connection with cash dividends paid by the Company, the Company shall make such adjustments, regardless of whether such aggregate adjustments amount to 1% or more of the Conversion Price, no later than November 15 of each calendar year.

(d)

Notice of Adjustment. Whenever the Conversion Price is to be adjusted, the Company shall: (i) compute such adjusted Conversion Price and prepare and transmit to the Transfer Agent an Officer’s Certificate setting forth such adjusted Conversion Price, the method of calculation thereof in reasonable detail, and the facts requiring such adjustment and upon which such adjustment is based; (ii) as soon as practicable following the occurrence of an event that requires an adjustment to the Conversion Price (or if the Company is not aware of such occurrence, as soon as practicable after becoming so aware), provide, or cause to be provided, a written notice to the Holders of the occurrence of such event; and (iii) as soon as practicable following the determination of a revised Conversion Price a statement setting forth in reasonable detail the method by which the adjustment to the Conversion Price was determined and setting forth such revised Conversion Price.

(e)

Reorganization Events. In the event of:

(i)

any consolidation or merger of the Company with or into another Person (other than a merger or consolidation in which the Company is the continuing or surviving Person and in which

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the Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the merger or consolidation is not exchanged for cash, securities or other property of the Company or another Person or cancelled);

(ii)

any sale, transfer, lease or conveyance to another Person of all or substantially all of the property and assets of the Company (computed on a consolidated basis);

(iii)

any reclassification of Common Stock into securities including securities other than Common Stock; or

(iv)

any statutory exchange of securities of the Company with another Person (other than in connection with a merger or acquisition) (any such event specified in this Section 13(e), a “REORGANIZATION EVENT”);

each share of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock then outstanding shall, without the consent of any holder of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, become convertible at any time, at the option of the holder thereof, only into the kind and amount of securities (of the Company or another Person), cash and other property receivable upon such Reorganization Event by a holder of the number of shares of Common Stock into which such share of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock could have been converted immediately prior to such Reorganization Event, after giving effect to any adjustment event. The provisions of this Section 13(e) and any equivalent thereof in any such securities similarly shall apply to successive Reorganization Events.

The Company (or any successor) shall, within 20 days of the occurrence of any Reorganization Event, provide written notice to the Holders of such occurrence of such event and of the kind and amount of the cash, securities or other property that constitutes the assets into which the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock is then convertible. Failure to deliver such notice shall not affect the operation of this Section 13(e).

(f)

Most Favored Conversion Price. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Certificate of Designations, if the conversion price applicable to any other Convertible Securities of the Company is, at any time, lower than the Conversion Price, the Conversion Price shall be automatically reduced to match the conversion price for such other Convertible Securities.

(14)

Incurrence of Indebtedness.

(a)

Except as otherwise provided in Section 14(b), for so long as any shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock are outstanding, the Company will not, and will not permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to, without the consent of the Holders of at least 66-²/3% of the outstanding voting power of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, directly or indirectly, create, incur, issue, assume, guarantee or otherwise become directly or indirectly liable, contingently or otherwise, with respect to (collectively, “incur”) any Indebtedness (including Acquired Debt).

(b)

So long as the Company has declared and paid all dividends on the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock for all prior Dividend Periods, Section 14(a) will not prohibit the incurrence of any of the following items of Indebtedness (collectively, “PERMITTED INDEBTEDNESS”):

(i)

the incurrence by the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries of Indebtedness existing on the Issue Date;

(ii)

the incurrence by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness in exchange for, or the net proceeds of which are used to refund, refinance or replace, Indebtedness (other than intercompany Indebtedness) that was permitted to be incurred under Section 14(a) or sub-section (i), sub-section (viii) or this sub-section (ii) of this Section 14(b);

(iii)

the incurrence by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries of intercompany Indebtedness between or among the Company and any of its Restricted Subsidiaries;

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provided, however, that (A) any subsequent issuance or transfer of Equity Interests that results in any such Indebtedness being held by a Person other than the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary thereof and (B) any sale or other transfer of any such Indebtedness to a Person that is not either the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary thereof, shall be deemed, in each case, to constitute an incurrence of such Indebtedness by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be, that was not permitted by this sub-section;

(iv)

the accrual of interest, accretion or amortization of original issue discount, the payment of interest on any Indebtedness in the form of additional Indebtedness with the same terms, and the payment of dividends on Disqualified Stock in the form of additional shares of the same class of Disqualified Stock; provided, however, in each such case that the amount thereof is included in Fixed Charges of the Company as accrued;

(v)

any obligations in respect of completion bonds, performance bonds, bid bonds, appeal bonds, surety bonds, bankers acceptances, letters of credit, insurance obligations or bonds and other similar bonds and obligations incurred by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary in the ordinary course of business and any guaranties or letters of credit functioning as or supporting any of the foregoing bonds or obligations;

(vi)

any obligation under Interest Rate Agreements, Currency Agreements and Commodity Agreements; provided, however, that such Interest Rate Agreements, Currency Agreements and Commodity Agreements are related to business transactions of the Company or its Restricted Subsidiaries entered into in the ordinary course of business and are entered into for bona fide hedging purposes (and not financing or speculative purposes) of the Company or its Restricted Subsidiaries (as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors, or senior management of the Company);

(vii)

any obligation arising from the honoring by a bank or other financial institution of a check, draft or similar instrument (except in the case of daylight overdrafts) drawn against insufficient funds in the ordinary course of business; provided, however, that such Indebtedness is extinguished within five Business Days of incurrence; and

(viii)

Indebtedness of a Restricted Subsidiary incurred after the Issue Date and outstanding on the date on which such Subsidiary was acquired by the Company (other than Indebtedness incurred in connection with, or to provide all or any portion of the funds or credit support utilized to consummate, the transaction or series of related transactions pursuant to which such Subsidiary became a Subsidiary or was acquired by the Company) and excluding therefrom any of such Indebtedness that is extinguished, retired or repaid in connection with such acquisition; provided, however, that on the date of such acquisition and after giving pro forma effect thereto, the Company would have been able to incur at least $1.00 of additional Indebtedness pursuant to Section 14(a).

(c)

For purposes of determining compliance with this Section 14:

(i)

in the event that an item of proposed Indebtedness meets the criteria of more than one of the categories of Permitted Indebtedness described in sub-sections (i) through (viii) of Section 14(b) above, or is entitled to be incurred pursuant to Section 14(a), the Company will be permitted to classify and reclassify such item of Indebtedness (or any portion thereof) in any manner that complies with Section 14, and only be required to include the amount and type of such Indebtedness in one of such clauses;

(ii)

guarantees of, or obligations in respect of letters of credit relating to, Indebtedness which is otherwise included in the determination of a particular amount of Indebtedness shall not be included;

(iii)

Indebtedness permitted by this covenant need not be permitted solely by reference to one provision permitting such Indebtedness but may be permitted in part by one such provision and in part by one or more other provisions of this covenant permitting such Indebtedness;

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(iv)

the amount of Indebtedness issued at a price that is less than the principal amount thereof will be equal to the amount of the liability in respect thereof determined in accordance with GAAP; and

(v)

Indebtedness of any Person existing at the time such Person becomes a Restricted Subsidiary shall be deemed to have been incurred by the Company and the Restricted Subsidiary at the time such Person becomes a Restricted Subsidiary.

(d)

For purposes of determining compliance with any U.S. dollar-denominated restriction on the incurrence of Indebtedness, the U.S. dollar equivalent principal amount of Indebtedness denominated in a foreign currency shall be calculated based on the relevant currency exchange rate in effect on the date such Indebtedness was incurred, in the case of term Indebtedness, or first committed, in the case of revolving credit Indebtedness; provided, however, that if such Indebtedness is incurred to refinance other Indebtedness denominated in a foreign currency, and such refinancing would cause the applicable U.S. dollar-dominated restriction to be exceeded if calculated at the relevant currency exchange rate in effect on the date of such refinancing, such U.S. dollar-dominated restriction shall be deemed not to have been exceeded so long as the principal amount of such refinancing Indebtedness does not exceed the principal amount of such Indebtedness being refinanced. Notwithstanding any other provision of this covenant, the maximum amount of Indebtedness that may be incurred pursuant to this covenant shall not be deemed to be exceeded solely as a result of fluctuations in the exchange rate of currencies. The principal amount of any Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness, if incurred in a different currency from the Indebtedness being refinanced, shall be calculated based on the currency exchange rate applicable to the currencies in which such Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness is denominated that is in effect on the date of such refinancing.

(15)

Restricted Payments.

(a)

(i)

declare or pay any dividend or make any other payment or distribution on account of the Company’s or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries’ Equity Interests (including, without limitation, any payment in connection with any merger or consolidation involving the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries) or to the direct or indirect holders of the Company’s or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries’ Equity Interests in their capacity as such (other than dividends or distributions payable in Equity Interests (other than Disqualified Stock of the Company) or to the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company and other than dividends on the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and any Senior Stock);

(ii)

purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire or retire for value (including, without limitation, in connection with any merger or consolidation involving the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary) any Equity Interests of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary (other than any such Equity Interests owned by any of its Restricted Subsidiaries) except in exchange for Equity Interests (other than Disqualified Stock) of the Company and except for redemptions of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and any Senior Stock;

(iii)

make any payment on or with respect to, or purchase, redeem, defease or otherwise acquire or retire for value any Junior Stock held by Persons other than the Company or a Wholly-Owned Restricted Subsidiary; or

(iv)

make any Investment other than a Permitted Investment (all such payments and other actions set forth in sub-sections (i) through (iv) being collectively referred to as “RESTRICTED PAYMENTS”),

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(b)

unless, at the time of and after giving effect to such Restricted Payment:

(i)

there are no arrearages on the payment of dividends on the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock; and

(ii)

the Company would, at the time of such Restricted Payment and after giving pro forma effect thereto as if such Restricted Payment had been made at the beginning of the applicable four-quarter period, have been permitted to incur at least $1.00 of additional Indebtedness pursuant to the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio test set forth in Section 14(a); and

(iii)

such Restricted Payment, together with the aggregate amount of all other Restricted Payments made by the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries after the Issue Date (excluding Restricted Payments permitted by clauses (i) and (ii) of the next succeeding subparagraph), is less than $5,000,000.

(c)

The preceding provisions will not prohibit:

(i)

the payment of any dividend within 60 days after the date of declaration thereof, if at said date of declaration such payment would have complied with the provisions of this Section 15; or

(ii)

any dividend, payment, distribution, purchase, redemption, acquisition, retirement for value or defeasance permitted under the indenture, as supplemented, governing the Company’s Senior Secured Notes due 2010.

(d)

The amount of all Restricted Payments (other than cash) shall be the Fair Market Value on the date of the Restricted Payment of the asset(s) or securities proposed to be transferred or issued by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be, pursuant to the Restricted Payment.

(16)

Dividend and Other Payment Restrictions.

(a)

For so long as any shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock are outstanding, the Company will not, and will not permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly, without the consent of the Holders of at least 66-²/3% of the outstanding voting power of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock create or permit to exist or become effective any consensual encumbrance or restriction (other than pursuant to this Certificate of Designations, other Senior Stock, the Series B-2 Stock or the indenture, as supplemented, governing the Company’s Senior Secured Notes due 2010) on the ability of any Restricted Subsidiary to:

(i)

pay dividends or make any other distributions on its Capital Stock or pay any Indebtedness owed to the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries;

(ii)

make loans or advances to the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries; or

(iii)

transfer any of its properties or assets to the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries.

(b)

The preceding restrictions will not apply to encumbrances or restrictions existing under or by reason of:

(i)

any instrument governing Indebtedness or Capital Stock of a Person acquired by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries as in effect at the time of such acquisition (except to the extent such Indebtedness was incurred in connection with or in contemplation of such acquisition), which encumbrance or restriction is not applicable to any Person, or the properties or assets of any Person, other than the Person, or the property or assets of the Person, so acquired, provided that, in the case of Indebtedness, such Indebtedness was permitted by Section 14 to be incurred;

(ii)

any agreement for the sale or other disposition of a Restricted Subsidiary that restricts distributions by such Restricted Subsidiary pending its sale or other disposition; and

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(iii)

with respect to Section 16(a)(iii) only, any of the following encumbrances or restrictions:

(A)

customary non-assignment provisions in leases, licenses and contracts entered into in the ordinary course of business;

(B)

purchase money obligations for property acquired in the ordinary course of business that impose restrictions on the property so acquired;

(C)

customary restrictions contained in asset sale agreements limiting the transfer of such assets pending the closing of such sale;

(D)

customary restrictions on the subletting, assignment or transfer of any property or asset that is subject to a lease, farm-in agreement or farm-out agreement, license or similar contract, or the assignment or transfer of any such lease, license or other contract; and

(E)

customary restrictions on the disposition or distribution of assets or property in operating agreements, joint venture agreements, development agreements, area of mutual interest agreements and other agreements that are customary in the Oil and Gas Business and entered into in the ordinary course of business.

(17)

Replacement Stock Certificates. If physical certificates are issued, and any of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock certificates shall be mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed, the Company shall, at the expense of the Holder, issue, in exchange and in substitution for and upon cancellation of the mutilated Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock certificate, or in lieu of and substitution for the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock certificate lost, stolen or destroyed, a new Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock certificate of like tenor and representing an equivalent amount of shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, but only upon receipt of evidence of such loss, theft or destruction of such Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock certificate and indemnity, if requested, satisfactory to the Company and the Transfer Agent.

(18)

Transfer Agent, Registrar and Paying Agent. The duly appointed Transfer Agent, Registrar and Paying Agent for the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock shall be The Bank of New York; provided, however, that the Company may, at its option, serve as the Transfer Agent, Registrar and Paying Agent for the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock for a period of up to 10 Business Days from the Issue Date.

The Company may, in its sole discretion, remove the Transfer Agent in accordance with the agreement between the Company and the Transfer Agent; provided, however, that the Company shall appoint a successor transfer agent who shall accept such appointment prior to the effectiveness of such removal. Upon any such removal or appointment, the Company shall send notice thereof by first class mail, postage prepaid, to the Holders.

(19)

SEC Reports.

(a)

If any shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock are outstanding, the Company shall file with the Commission all such reports and other information as it is required to file with the Commission by Section 13(a) or 15(d) under the Exchange Act. The Company shall supply each Holder, upon written request, without cost to such Holder, copies of such reports or other information.

(b)

For so long as any shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock are outstanding, if at any time the Company is not required to file with the Commission the reports and other information required by Section 13(a) or 15(d) under the Exchange Act, the Company shall furnish to each Holder, upon written request, without cost to such Holder, all reports and other information that would be required to be contained in filings with the Commission if the Company were required to make such filings under Section 13(a) or 15(d) under the Exchange Act.

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(20)

Miscellaneous.

(a)

The Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock shall be subject to those provisions set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation that are applicable to all classes and series of preferred stock of the Company.

(b)

All notices referred to herein shall be in writing, and, unless otherwise specified herein, all notices hereunder shall be deemed to have been given upon the earlier of receipt thereof or 3 Business Days after the mailing thereof if sent by registered or certified mail (unless first class mail shall be specifically permitted for such notice under the terms of this Certificate of Designations) with postage prepaid, addressed: (i) if to the Company, to its office at ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ (Attention: Corporate Secretary) or to the Transfer Agent at its Corporate Trust Office, or other agent of the Company designated as permitted by this Certificate of Designations, or (ii) if to any Holder, to such Holder at the address of such Holder as listed in the stock transfer records of the Company (which may include the records of the Transfer Agent) or (iii) to such other address as the Company or any such Holder, as the case may be, shall have designated by notice similarly given.

(c)

The Company shall pay any and all stock transfer and documentary stamp taxes that may be payable in respect of any issuance or delivery of shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock or shares of Common Stock or other Capital Stock issued on account of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock pursuant hereto or certificates representing such shares. The Company shall not, however, be required to pay any such tax that may be payable in respect of any transfer involved in the issuance or delivery of shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock or Common Stock or other Capital Stock in a name other than that in which the shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock with respect to which such shares are issued or delivered were registered, or in respect of any payment to any Person other than a payment to the registered holder thereof, and shall not be required to make any such issuance, delivery or payment unless and until the Person otherwise entitled to such issuance, delivery or payment has paid to the Company the amount of any such tax or has established, to the satisfaction of the Company, that such tax has been paid or is not payable.

(d)

The Liquidation Preference and the annual Dividend Rate set forth herein each shall be subject to equitable adjustment whenever there shall occur a stock split, combination or reclassification of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock. Such adjustments shall be determined in good faith by the Board of Directors and submitted by the Board of Directors to the Transfer Agent and the Holders.

(21)

Definitions. Unless otherwise defined herein, capitalized terms used in this Certificate of Designations shall have the following meanings:

“ACQUIRED DEBT” means, with respect to any specified Person:

(1)

Indebtedness of any other Person existing at the time such other Person is merged with or into or became a Subsidiary of such specified Person, whether or not such Indebtedness is incurred in connection with, or in contemplation of, such other Person merging with or into, or becoming a Subsidiary of, such specified Person; and

(2)

Indebtedness secured by a Lien encumbering any asset acquired by such specified Person.

“ADDITIONAL SECURITIES” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 10 hereof.

“AFFILIATE” of any specified Person means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified Person. For purposes of this definition, “control,” as used with respect to any Person, shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the

F-1-25

power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by agreement or otherwise. For purposes of this definition, the terms “controlling,” “controlled by” and “under common control with” shall have correlative meanings.

“APPROVED PLAN” means any written stock option, stock purchase, stock incentive or stock appreciation plan or arrangement that is approved by the Board of Directors and the Company’s stockholders, to the extent required by law or other regulation.

“ASSET SALE” means:

(1)

the sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition of any assets, including, without limitation, by means of a sale and leaseback transaction, and:

(a) any sale of a net profits or overriding royalty interest, in each case conveyed from or burdening proved developed or proved undeveloped reserves; and

(b) any sale of hydrocarbons or other mineral products as a result of the creation of Dollar-Denominated Production Payments or Volumetric Production Payments (other than Dollar-Denominated Production Payments and Volumetric Production Payments created or sold in connection with the financing of, and within 30 days after, the acquisition of the properties subject thereto); and

(2)

the issuance of Equity Interests by any of the Company’s Restricted Subsidiaries or the sale of Equity Interests in any of its Restricted Subsidiaries.

Notwithstanding the preceding, the following items shall not be deemed to be Asset Sales:

(1)

any single transaction or series of related transactions that together involves assets having a Fair Market Value of less than $250,000;

(2)

a transfer of assets between or among the Company and its Wholly-Owned Restricted Subsidiaries;

(3)

an issuance of Equity Interests by a Restricted Subsidiary to the Company or to another Restricted Subsidiary;

(4)

a disposition of Cash Equivalents in the ordinary course of business;

(5)

a Restricted Payment or Permitted Investment that is permitted by Section 15;

(6)

a sale of oil, gas or other hydrocarbons or other mineral products in the ordinary course of business of the Company’s and its Restricted Subsidiaries’ oil and gas production operations;

(7)

any abandonment, farm-in, farm-out, lease and sub-lease of developed and/or undeveloped properties made or entered into in the ordinary course of business, but excluding any disposition described in either subclause (a) or (b) of the preceding clause 1;

(8)

the provision of services and equipment for the operation and development of the Company’s and its Restricted Subsidiaries’ oil and gas ▇▇▇▇▇, in the ordinary course of the Company’s and its Restricted Subsidiaries’ oil and gas service businesses, notwithstanding that such transactions may be recorded as asset sales in accordance with full cost accounting guidelines;

(9)

the creation or perfection of a Lien (but not the sale or other disposition of any asset subject to such Lien) in accordance with this Certificate of Designations;

(10)

disposition of surplus or obsolete equipment in the ordinary course of business of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries; and

(11)

the issuance of Foreign Required Minority Shares.

F-1-26

of the lease included in such sale and leaseback transaction including any period for which such lease has been extended or may, at the option of the lessor, be extended. Such present value shall be calculated using a discount rate equal to the rate of interest implicit in such transaction, determined in accordance with GAAP. As used in the preceding sentence, the “net rental payments” under any lease for any such period shall mean the sum of rental and other payments required to be paid with respect to such period by the lessee thereunder, excluding any amounts required to be paid by such lessee on account of maintenance and repairs, insurance, taxes, assessments, water rates or similar charges. In the case of any lease that is terminable by the lessee upon payment of penalty, such net rental payment shall also include the amount of such penalty, but no rent shall be considered as required to be paid under such lease subsequent to the first date upon which it may be so terminated.

“BOARD OF DIRECTORS” means the Board of Directors of the Company or, with respect to any action to be taken by the Board of Directors, any committee of the Board of Directors duly authorized to take such action.

“BUSINESS DAY” means any day other than a Saturday or Sunday or any other day on which commercial banks in the City of New York are authorized or required by law or executive order to close.

“CAPITAL LEASE OBLIGATION” means, at the time any determination thereof is to be made, the amount of the liability of a Person in respect of a capital lease that would at that time be required to be capitalized on a balance sheet of such Person in accordance with GAAP.

“CAPITAL STOCK” means:

(1)

in the case of a corporation, corporate stock;

(2)

in the case of an association or business entity, any and all shares, interests, participations, rights or other equivalents (however designated) of corporate stock;

(3)

in the case of a partnership or limited liability company, partnership or membership interests (whether general or limited); and

(4)

any other interest or participation that confers on a Person the right to receive a share of the profits and losses of, or distributions of assets of, the issuing Person.

“CASH EQUIVALENTS” means:

(1)

United States dollars;

(2)

securities issued or directly and fully guaranteed or insured by the United States government or any agency or instrumentality thereof (provided that the full faith and credit of the United States is pledged in support thereof) having maturities of not more than one year from the date of acquisition;

(3)

demand accounts, time deposit accounts, certificates of deposit and Eurodollar time deposits with maturities of six months or less from the date of acquisition, bankers’ acceptances with maturities not exceeding six months and overnight bank deposits, in each case, with any domestic commercial bank having capital and surplus in excess of $500.0 million and a ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Bank Watch rating of “B” or better (or an equivalent rating by any successor to the business of ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Bank Watch, including Fitch Ratings);

(4)

repurchase obligations with a term of not more than 7 days for underlying securities of the types described in clauses (2) and (3) above entered into with any financial institution meeting the qualifications specified in clause (3) above;

(5)

commercial paper having the highest rating obtainable from ▇▇▇▇▇’▇ Investors Service, Inc. (or its successor) or Standard & Poor’s Ratings Service (or its successor) and in each case maturing within 270 days after the date of acquisition;

(6)

money market or other mutual funds at least 95% of the assets of which constitute Cash Equivalents of the kinds described in clauses (1) through (5) of this definition; and

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(7)

deposits available for withdrawal on demand with any commercial bank that is organized under the laws of any country in which the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary maintains its chief executive office or is engaged in the Oil and Gas Business; provided, however, that all such deposits are made in such accounts in the ordinary course of business.

“CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals.

“CHANGE OF CONTROL” means the occurrence of any of the following events:

(i)

the Company consolidates with, amalgamates or merges with or into, another Person, or any Person consolidates with, or amalgamates or merges with or into the Company, other than pursuant to a transaction in which the Persons that “beneficially owned” (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act) directly or indirectly, the Company’s Voting Stock immediately prior to such transaction beneficially own, directly or indirectly, Voting Stock representing a majority of the total voting power of all outstanding classes of Voting Stock of the continuing or surviving Person in substantially the same proportion among themselves as such ownership immediately prior to such transaction;

(ii)

the sale, lease or transfer, in one or a series of related transactions, of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company (determined on a consolidated basis) to any person or group (as such term is used in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act) other than pursuant to a transaction in which persons that “beneficially owned” (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act) directly or indirectly, the Company’s Voting Stock immediately prior to such transaction beneficially own, directly or indirectly, such Voting Stock representing a majority of the total voting power of such person or group;

(iii)

the adoption of a plan the consummation of which would result in the Company’s liquidation or dissolution other than with the consent or approval of the Initial Holder or its Affiliates;

(iv)

the acquisition, directly or indirectly, by any person or group (as such term is used in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act) other than the Initial Holder or its Affiliates, of beneficial ownership (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act) of more than 50% of the aggregate voting power of the Company’s Voting Stock; or

(v)

during any period of two consecutive years, individuals who at the beginning of such period comprised the Board of Directors (together with (A) any new directors whose appointment by such Board of Directors (or the Preferred Directors with respect to the Preferred Directors) or whose nomination for election by the Company’s stockholders was approved by a vote of a majority of the Board of Directors (or the Preferred Directors with respect to the Preferred Directors) then still in office who were either directors at the beginning of such period or whose election or nomination for election was previously so approved and (B) any new directors elected under Section 5(a)(ii) hereof) cease for any reason to constitute a majority of the Board of Directors then in office.

“CHANGE OF CONTROL NOTICE” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 9(c) hereof.

“CHANGE OF CONTROL PURCHASE DATE” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 9(a) hereof.

“CHANGE OF CONTROL REDEMPTION PRICE” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 9(a) hereof.

“CLOSING PRICE” means, as of any date of determination, the closing sale price per share of Common Stock (or if no closing sale price is reported, the average of the closing bid and ask prices or, if more than one in either case, the average of the average closing bid and the average closing ask prices) on such date as reported on the principal United States national or regional securities exchange on which the Common Stock is then traded or, if the Common Stock is not listed on a United States national or regional securities exchange, by Pink Sheets LLC (formerly the National Quotation Bureau, Inc.).

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“COMMISSION” means the United States Securities Exchange Commission.

“COMMODITY AGREEMENT” means any oil or natural gas hedging agreement and other agreement or arrangement designed to protect the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary against fluctuations in oil or natural gas prices.

“COMMON STOCK” means the Company’s Common Stock, par value $0.0006 per share, as the same exists at the date of filing of this Certificate of Designations relating to the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, or any other class of stock resulting from successive changes or reclassifications of such Common Stock consisting solely of changes in par value, or from par value to no par value, or from no par value to par value. However, subject to the provisions of Section 13(e), shares of Common Stock issuable on conversion of shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock shall include only shares of the class designated as Common Stock of the Company at the date of the filing of this Certificate of Designations with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware or shares of any class or classes resulting from any reclassification or reclassifications thereof and which have no preference in respect of dividends or of amounts payable in the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company and which are not subject to redemption by the Company except as provided in the Certificate of Incorporation; provided, however, that if at any time there shall be more than one such resulting class, the shares of each such class then so issuable shall be substantially in the proportion which the total number of shares of such class resulting from all such reclassifications bears to the total number of shares of all classes resulting from all such reclassifications.

“COMPANY” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals.

“COMPANY NOTICE DATE” have the meaning set forth in Section 9(b) hereof.

“CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOW” means, with respect to any Person for any period, the Consolidated Net Income of such Person for such period plus:

(1)

an amount equal to any extraordinary loss plus any net loss realized in connection with an Asset Sale, to the extent such losses were deducted in computing such Consolidated Net Income; plus

(2)

provision for taxes based on income or profits of such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries for such period, to the extent that such provision for taxes was deducted in computing such Consolidated Net Income; plus

(3)

Fixed Charges of such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries for such period, whether paid or accrued and whether or not capitalized, to the extent that any such expense was deducted in computing such Consolidated Net Income; plus

(4)

depreciation, depletion, amortization (including amortization of goodwill and other intangibles but excluding amortization of prepaid cash expenses that were paid in a prior period), impairment and other non-cash expenses (excluding any such non-cash expense to the extent that it represents an accrual of or reserve for cash expenses in any future period or amortization of a prepaid cash expense that was paid in a prior period) of such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries for such period to the extent that such amounts were deducted in computing such Consolidated Net Income; minus

(5)

non-cash items increasing such Consolidated Net Income for such period, other than items that were accrued in the ordinary course of business, in each case, on a consolidated basis and determined in accordance with GAAP; minus

(6)

to the extent included in determining Consolidated Net Income, the sum of:

(a)

the amount of deferred revenues that are amortized during the period and are attributable to reserves that are subject to Volumetric Production Payments; and

F-1-29

(b)

amounts recorded in accordance with GAAP as repayments of principal and interest pursuant to Dollar-Denominated Production Payments.

Notwithstanding the preceding, the provision for taxes based on the income or profits of, and the depreciation, depletion, amortization, impairment and other non-cash charges of, a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company shall be added to Consolidated Net Income to compute Consolidated Cash Flow of the Company only to the extent that a corresponding amount would be permitted at the date of determination to be paid as a dividend to the Company by such Restricted Subsidiary without prior approval (that has not been obtained), pursuant to the terms of its charter and all agreements, instruments, judgments, decrees, orders, statutes, rules and governmental regulations applicable to that Subsidiary or its stockholders.

“CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME” means, with respect to any specified Person for any period, the aggregate of the Net Income of such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries for such period, on a consolidated basis, determined in accordance with GAAP; provided, however, that:

(1)

the Net Income (but not loss) of any Person that is not a Restricted Subsidiary or that is accounted for by the equity method of accounting shall be included only to the extent of the amount of dividends or distributions paid in cash to the specified Person or a Subsidiary thereof;

(2)

the Net Income of any Restricted Subsidiary shall be excluded to the extent that the declaration or payment of dividends or similar distributions by that Restricted Subsidiary of that Net Income is not at the date of determination permitted without any prior governmental approval (that has not been obtained) or, directly or indirectly, by operation of the terms of its charter or any agreement, instrument, judgment, decree, order, statute, rule or governmental regulation applicable to that Restricted Subsidiary or its stockholders;

(3)

the cumulative effect of a change in accounting principles shall be excluded;

(4)

any write-downs or impairments of non-current assets shall be excluded; and

(5)

any non-cash gains or losses or changes in respect of hedge or non-hedge derivatives (including those resulting from the application of FAS 133) shall be excluded.

“CONVERSION PRICE” means $1.40, subject to adjustment as set forth in Section 13 hereof.

“CONVERSION RATE” on any date of determination means the number of shares of Common Stock into which one share of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock is convertible as of such date.

“CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 13(a)(iii)(A) hereof.

“CORPORATE TRUST OFFICE” means the principal corporate trust office of the Transfer Agent at which, at any particular time, its corporate trust business shall be administered.

“CURRENCY AGREEMENTS” means, at any time as to the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries, any foreign currency exchange agreement, option or future contract or other similar agreement or arrangement designed to protect against or manage the Company’s or any or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries’ exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

“DGCL” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals.

“DISQUALIFIED STOCK” means any Capital Stock that, by its terms (or by the terms of any security into which it is convertible, or for which it is exchangeable, in each case at the option of the holder thereof), or upon the happening of any event, matures or is mandatorily redeemable pursuant to a sinking fund obligation or otherwise, or is redeemable at the option of the holder thereof, in whole or in part, on or prior to the date that is 91 days after the Mandatory Redemption Date. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, (i) the Senior Redeemable Preferred Stock and the Junior Redeemable Preferred Stock shall not constitute Disqualified Stock and (ii) any Capital Stock that

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would constitute Disqualified Stock solely because the holders thereof have the right to require the Company to repurchase such Capital Stock upon the occurrence of a change of control or an Asset Sale shall not constitute Disqualified Stock if the terms of such Capital Stock provide that the Company may not repurchase or redeem any such Capital Stock pursuant to such provisions unless such repurchase or redemption complies with Section 15.

“DIVIDEND PAYMENT DATE” means the 1st calendar day of January, April, July and October of each year, or the following Business Day if such day is not a Business Day, commencing [ ], 2008.

“DIVIDEND PERIOD” means the period ending on the day before a Dividend Payment Date and beginning on the preceding Dividend Payment Date or, if there is no preceding Dividend Payment Date, on the Issue Date.

“DIVIDEND RATE” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3(a) hereof.

“DOLLAR-DENOMINATED PRODUCTION PAYMENTS” means production payment obligations recorded as liabilities in accordance with GAAP, together with all undertakings and obligations in connection therewith.

“EMBA-TRANS” means Emba Trans LLP, a Kazakhstan limited liability partnership.

“EQUITY INTERESTS” means Capital Stock and all Options to acquire Capital Stock (but excluding any debt security that is convertible into, or exchangeable for, Capital Stock).

“EXCHANGE ACT” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

“EXCLUDED STOCK” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 13(a)(ii)(C) hereof.

“FAIR MARKET VALUE” means, with respect to any Restricted Payment or other item, the price that would be negotiated in an arm’s-length transaction for cash between a willing seller and a willing and able buyer, neither of which is under any compulsion to complete the transaction, as such price is determined in good faith by an officer of the Company if such value is less than $2,000,000; provided, however, if the value of such Restricted Payment or other item is $2,000,000 or greater, such determination shall be made in good faith by the Board of Directors; and provided further, however, if the value of such Restricted Payment or other item is $5,000,000 or greater, such determination shall be made by an accounting, appraisal or investment banking firm of national standing that is not an Affiliate of the Company.

“FIXED CHARGE COVERAGE RATIO” means, with respect to any specified Person for any period, the ratio of the Consolidated Cash Flow of such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries for such period to the Fixed Charges of such Person for such period. In the event that the specified Person or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries incurs, assumes, guarantees, or redeems, retires or repays any Indebtedness (other than revolving credit borrowings not constituting a permanent commitment reduction) or issues or redeems preferred stock subsequent to the commencement of the period for which the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio is being calculated but prior to the date on which the event for which the calculation of the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio is made (the “CALCULATION DATE”), then the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio shall be calculated giving pro forma effect to such incurrence, assumption, guarantee, redemption, retirement or repayment of Indebtedness, or such issuance or redemption of preferred stock, as if the same had occurred at the beginning of the applicable four-quarter reference period.

In addition, for purposes of calculating the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio:

(1)

acquisitions that have been made by the specified Person or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries, including through mergers or consolidations and including any related financing transactions, during

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the four-quarter reference period or subsequent to such reference period and on or prior to the Calculation Date shall be deemed to have occurred on the first day of the four-quarter reference period;

(2)

the Consolidated Cash Flow attributable to discontinued operations, as determined in accordance with GAAP, and operations or businesses disposed of prior to the Calculation Date, shall be excluded; and

(3)

the Fixed Charges attributable to discontinued operations, as determined in accordance with GAAP, and operations or businesses disposed of prior to the Calculation Date, shall be excluded, but only to the extent that the obligations giving rise to such Fixed Charges will not be obligations of the specified Person or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries following the Calculation Date.

“FIXED CHARGES” means, with respect to any Person for any period, the sum, without duplication, of:

(1)

the consolidated interest expense of such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries for such period, whether paid or accrued, including, without limitation, amortization of debt issuance costs and original issue discount, non-cash interest payments, the interest component of any deferred payment obligations, the interest component of all payments associated with Capital Lease Obligations, imputed interest with respect to Attributable Debt, commissions, discounts, and other fees and charges incurred in respect of letter of credit or bankers’ acceptance financings, and net payments, if any, pursuant to Interest Rate Agreements; plus

(2)

the consolidated interest of such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries that was capitalized during such period; plus

(3)

any interest expense on Indebtedness of another Person that is guaranteed by such Person or one of its Restricted Subsidiaries or secured by a Lien on assets of such Person or one of its Restricted Subsidiaries, whether or not such guarantee or Lien is called upon; plus

(4)

the product of:

(a)

all dividend payments, whether or not in cash, on any series of preferred stock of such Person or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries, other than dividend payments on Equity Interests payable solely in Equity Interests of the Company (other than Disqualified Stock) or to the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company, times

(b)

a fraction, the numerator of which is one and the denominator of which is one minus the then current combined federal, state and local statutory tax rate of such Person, expressed as a decimal, in each case, on a consolidated basis and in accordance with GAAP.

“FOREIGN REQUIRED MINORITY SHARES” means the minimum amount of Capital Stock of a Foreign Restricted Subsidiary that is required by the applicable laws and regulations of such foreign jurisdiction to be owned by the government of such foreign jurisdiction or individual or corporate citizens of such foreign jurisdiction in order for such Foreign Restricted Subsidiary to transact business in such foreign jurisdiction.

“FOREIGN RESTRICTED SUBSIDIARY” means any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company organized under the law of, and conducting a substantial portion of its business in, any jurisdiction other than the United States of America or any state thereof or the District of Columbia.

“GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, as in effect as of the Issue Date.

“HEDGING OBLIGATIONS” means, with respect to any Person, the obligations of such Person under Currency Agreements, Interest Rate Agreements and Commodity Agreements.

“HOLDER” means the Person in whose name the shares of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock are registered, which may be treated by the Company and the Transfer Agent as the absolute owner of the shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock for the purpose of making payment and settling conversions and for all other purposes.

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“INDEBTEDNESS” means, with respect to any specified Person, without duplication,

(1)

all obligations of such Person, whether or not contingent, in respect of:

(a)

borrowed money;

(b)

evidenced by bonds, notes, debentures or similar instruments or letters of credit (or reimbursement agreements in respect thereof);

(c)

bankers’ acceptances;

(d)

Capital Lease Obligations; and

(e)

the balance deferred and unpaid of the purchase price of any property due more than six months after the date of acquisition thereof, except any such balance that constitutes a trade payable;

(2)

all net obligations in respect of Currency Agreements, Interest Rate Agreements and Commodity Agreements or Dollar Denominated Production Payments;

(3)

all liabilities of others of the kind described in the preceding clauses (1) or (2) that such Person has guaranteed or assumed or that are otherwise its legal responsibility (including, with respect to any Production Payment, any warranties or guaranties of production or payment by such Person with respect to such Production Payment but excluding other contractual obligations of such Person with respect to such Production Payment);

(4)

Indebtedness (as otherwise defined in this definition) of another Person secured by a Lien on any asset of such Person, whether or not such Indebtedness is assumed by such Person, the amount of such obligations being deemed to be the lesser of:

(a)

the full amount of such obligations so secured and

(b)

the Fair Market Value of such asset;

(5)

Disqualified Stock of such Person or a Restricted Subsidiary in an amount equal to the greater of the maximum mandatory redemption or repurchase price (not including, in either case, any redemption or repurchase premium) or the liquidation preference thereof;

(6)

Attributable Debt in respect of a sale and leaseback transaction; and

(7)

any and all deferrals, renewals, extensions, refinancings and refundings (whether direct or indirect) of, or amendments, modifications or supplements to, any liability of the kind described in any of the preceding clauses (1) through (6) or this clause (7), whether or not between or among the same parties.

Subject to clause (3) of the preceding sentence, Volumetric Production Payments shall not be deemed to be Indebtedness.

“INITIAL HOLDER” means United Energy Group Limited, a company incorporated in the Cayman Islands and continued in Bermuda, having its registered office at ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇, ▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ and its principal place of business in Hong Kong at Unit 2112, 21 Floor, Two ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇.

“INTEREST RATE AGREEMENTS” means, with respect to the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries, interest rate agreements, interest rate cap agreements and interest rate collar agreements and other agreements or arrangements designed to protect such Person against fluctuations in interest rates, with respect to any Indebtedness that is permitted to be incurred under Section 14 hereof.

“INVESTMENT AGREEMENT” means that certain Investment Agreement, dated as of June 11, 2008 and amended and restated as of September 22, 2008, between the Company and the Initial Holder, as may be amended from time to time.

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“INVESTMENTS” means, with respect to any Person, all investments by such Person in other Persons (including Affiliates) in the forms of direct or indirect loans (including guarantees of Indebtedness or other obligations), advances or capital contributions (excluding commission, travel and similar advances to officers and employees made in the ordinary course of business), purchases or other acquisitions for consideration of Indebtedness, Equity Interests or other securities, together with all items that are or would be classified as investments on a balance sheet prepared in accordance with GAAP. If the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company sells or otherwise disposes of any Equity Interests of any direct or indirect Restricted Subsidiary of the Company such that, after giving effect to any such sale or disposition, such Person is no longer a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company, the Company shall be deemed to have made an Investment on the date of any such sale or disposition equal to the Fair Market Value of the Equity Interests of such Restricted Subsidiary not sold or disposed of in an amount determined as provided in Section 14(c) hereof.

“INVESTOR RIGHTS AGREEMENT” means the definitive agreement, or provisions of a definitive agreement, to be entered into in connection with the original issuance of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, by and between the Company and the Initial Holder with respect to, among other matters, the filing with the Commission, and effectiveness, of the Shelf Registration Statement, as may be amended from time to time.

“ISSUANCE NOTICE” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 10 hereof.

“ISSUE DATE” means [ ], 2008, the date of original issuance of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock.

“JUNIOR REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK” means the Company’s 20% Junior Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock initially issued on June 18, 2007.

“JUNIOR STOCK” means all classes of Common Stock of the Company, the Junior Redeemable Preferred Stock, the Senior Redeemable Preferred Stock and each other class of Capital Stock or series of preferred stock established after the Issue Date, by the Board of Directors, the terms of which do not expressly provide that such class or series ranks senior to, or on parity with, the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock as to dividend rights or rights upon the liquidation, winding-up or dissolution of the Company.

“LIEN” means, with respect to any asset, any mortgage, lien, pledge, charge, security interest or encumbrance of any kind in respect of such asset, whether or not filed, recorded or otherwise perfected under applicable law, including any conditional sale or other title retention agreement, any lease in the nature thereof, any option or other agreement to sell or give a security interest in and any filing of or agreement to give any financing statement under the Uniform Commercial Code (or equivalent statutes) of any jurisdiction.

“LIQUIDATION PREFERENCE” means, as to the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, $100.00 per share.

“MANDATORY REDEMPTION DATE” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 8(a) hereof.

“MANDATORY REDEMPTION PRICE” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 8(a) hereof.

“MARKET VALUE” means the average Closing Price of the Common Stock for a 10 consecutive Trading Day period on the American Stock Exchange (or such other national securities exchange or automated quotation system on which the Common Stock is then listed or authorized for quotation or, if not so listed or authorized for quotation, an amount determined in good faith by the Board of Directors to be the fair value of the Common Stock) ending immediately prior to the date of determination.

“NET INCOME” means, with respect to any Person, the consolidated net income (loss) of such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries, determined in accordance with GAAP and before any reduction in respect of preferred stock dividends, excluding, however:

(1)

any gain (but not loss), together with any related provision for taxes on such gain (but not loss), realized in connection with: (a) any Asset Sale; or (b) the disposition of any securities by such Person

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or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries or the extinguishment of any Indebtedness of such Person or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries; and

(2)

any extraordinary gain (but not loss), together with any related provision for taxes on such extraordinary gain (but not loss).

“NON-RECOURSE DEBT” means Indebtedness:

(1)

as to which neither the Company nor any of its Restricted Subsidiaries (a) provides credit support of any kind (including any undertaking, agreement or instrument that would constitute Indebtedness), (b) is directly or indirectly liable as a guarantor or otherwise, or (c) constitutes the lender with respect to such Indebtedness; and

(2)

no default with respect to which (including any rights that the holders thereof may have to take enforcement action against an Unrestricted Subsidiary) would permit upon notice, lapse of time or both any holder of any other Indebtedness of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to declare a default on such other Indebtedness or cause the payment thereof to be accelerated or payable prior to its Stated Maturity

“OFFICER” means the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Operating Officer, any Vice President, the Chief Financial Officer, the Treasurer, any Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary of the Company.

“OFFICER’S CERTIFICATE” means a certificate of the Company, signed by any duly authorized Officer of the Company.

“OIL AND GAS BUSINESS” means:

(1)

the acquisition, exploration, exploitation, development, operation or disposition of interests in, or obtaining production from, oil, natural gas or other hydrocarbon properties;

(2)

the gathering, marketing, treating, processing (but not refining), storage, selling or transporting of any production from such interests or properties; or

(3)

any activity that is ancillary, necessary or appropriate to facilitate, or that is incidental to, the activities described in clauses (1) and (2) of this definition.

“OPTIONS” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 13(a)(iii)(A) hereof.

“PARITY STOCK” means Series B-2 Stock and any class of Capital Stock established after the Issue Date by the Board of Directors, the terms of which expressly provide that such class or series will rank on parity with the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock as to dividend rights or rights upon the liquidation, winding-up or dissolution of the Company.

“PERMITTED INDEBTEDNESS” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 14(b) hereof.

“PERMITTED INVESTMENT” means:

(1)

any Investment in the Company or in a Wholly-Owned Restricted Subsidiary of the Company;

(2)

any Investment in Cash Equivalents;

(3)

any Investment made as a result of the receipt of non-cash consideration from an Asset Sale;

(4)

receivables owing to the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary created or acquired in the ordinary course of business and payable or dischargeable in accordance with customary trade terms; provided, however, that such trade terms may include such concessionary trade terms as the Company or any such Restricted Subsidiary deems reasonable under the circumstances;

F-1-35

(5)

payroll, travel and similar advances to cover matters that are expected at the time of such advances ultimately to be treated as expenses for accounting purposes and that are made in the ordinary course of business;

(6)

Capital Stock, obligations or securities received in settlement of debts created in the ordinary course of business and owing to the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary or in satisfaction of judgments or pursuant to any plan of reorganization or similar arrangement upon the bankruptcy or insolvency of a debtor;

(7)

Hedging Obligations, which transactions or obligations are incurred in compliance with Section 14 hereof; and

(8)

Investments in prepaid expenses, negotiable instruments held for collection or deposit and lease, utility and workers compensation, performance and similar deposits entered into as a result of the operations of the business in the ordinary course.

“PERMITTED REFINANCING INDEBTEDNESS” means any Indebtedness of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries issued in exchange for, or the net proceeds of which are used to extend, refinance, renew, replace, defease or refund Indebtedness of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries (other than intercompany Indebtedness); provided, however, that:

(1)

the principal amount (or accreted value, if applicable) of such Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness does not exceed the principal amount of (or accreted value, if applicable), plus premium, if any, and accrued interest on the Indebtedness so extended, refinanced, renewed, replaced, defeased or refunded (plus the amount of reasonable expenses incurred in connection therewith);

(2)

(a) if the final maturity date of the Indebtedness being extended, refinanced, renewed, replaced, deferred or refunded is earlier than the Mandatory Redemption Date, the Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness has a final maturity date no earlier than the final maturity date of the Indebtedness being extended, refinanced, renewed, replaced, deferred or refunded, or

(b) if the final maturity date of the Indebtedness being extended, refinanced, renewed, replaced, deferred or refunded is later than the Mandatory Redemption Date, the Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness has a final maturity date at least 91 days later than the Mandatory Redemption Date; and

(3)

the Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness has a Weighted Average Life to Maturity at the time such Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness is incurred that is equal to or greater than the Weighted Average Life to Maturity of the Indebtedness being extended, refinanced, renewed, replaced, deferred or refunded.

“PERSON” means any individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, association, joint stock company, trust, unincorporated organization, government or any agency or political subsidiary thereof or any other entity.

“PREFERRED BOARD OBSERVER” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5(a)(ii) hereof.

“PREFERRED DIRECTORS” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5(a)(ii) hereof.

“PRODUCTION PAYMENTS” means, collectively, Dollar-Denominated Production Payments and Volumetric Production Payments.

“RECORD DATE” means December 15, March 15, June 15 or September 15, as the case may be, or the date that may be fixed by the Board of Directors that is not more than 60 days nor less than 10 days preceding the applicable Dividend Payment Date.

“REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 1 hereof.

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“REGISTRATION DEFAULT” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3(d) hereof.

“REORGANIZATION EVENT” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 13(e).

“RESTRICTED PAYMENTS” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 15(a)(iv) hereof.

“RESTRICTED SUBSIDIARY” of a Person means any Subsidiary of the referenced Person that is not an Unrestricted Subsidiary.

“SECURITIES ACT” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

“SERIES B-2 STOCK” means the Company’s Series B-2 Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, issued on [ ], 2008.

“SENIOR REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK” means the Company’s 15% Senior Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock initially issued on December 1, 2006.

“SENIOR STOCK” means each class of Capital Stock or series of preferred stock established after the Issue Date by the Board of Directors, the terms of which expressly provide that such class or series will rank senior to the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock as to dividend rights or rights upon the liquidation, winding-up or dissolution of the Company.

“SHARES OF NEWLY ISSUED COMMON STOCK” shall have the meaning set forth in the Investment Agreement.

“SHELF REGISTRATION STATEMENT” means the shelf registration statement to be filed with the Commission with respect to resales of Transfer Restricted Securities by the holders thereof, as required by the Investor Rights Agreement.

“STATED MATURITY” means, with respect to any installment of interest or principal on any series of Indebtedness, the date on which such payment of interest or principal was scheduled to be paid in the original documentation governing such Indebtedness, and shall not include any contingent obligations to repay, redeem or repurchase any such interest or principal prior to the date originally scheduled for the payment thereof.

“SUBSIDIARY” of any Person means any corporation, association, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company or other business entity of which more than 50% of the total voting power of shares of Capital Stock or other Equity Interests (including partnership and joint venture interests) entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers or trustees thereof is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by (1) such Person, (2) such Person and one or more Affiliates of such Person or (3) one or more Subsidiaries of such Person. Unless otherwise specified herein, each reference to a Subsidiary will refer to a Subsidiary of the Company.

“THRESHOLD PRICE” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 13(a)(ii) hereof.

“TRADING DAY” means a day during which trading in securities generally occurs on the American Stock Exchange or, if the Common Stock is not then listed on the American Stock Exchange, on the principal other national or regional securities exchange on which the Common Stock is then listed or, if the Common Stock is not listed on a United States national or regional securities exchange, on the principal other market on which the Common Stock is then traded.

“TRANSMERIDIAN CASPIAN” means Transmeridian Caspian Petroleum LLP, a Kazakhstan limited liability partnership.

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“TRANSFER AGENT” means, except as provided in Section 18 hereof, The Bank of New York, the Company’s duly appointed transfer agent, registrar and conversion and dividend disbursing agent for the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock.

“TRANSFER RESTRICTED SECURITIES” shall mean each share of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock (or the shares of Common Stock into which such share of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock is convertible) and each share of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock or Common Stock issued as a dividend on the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock or into which such share of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock is convertible), until (1) the date on which each such share has been effectively registered under the Securities Act and disposed of in accordance with the Shelf Registration Statement or (2) the date on which each such share is distributed to the public pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act or is saleable without volume limitations or compliance with the manner of sale, public information or notice requirements under Rule 144 under the Securities Act pursuant to Rule 144(b) thereof or any successor rule.

“UNRESTRICTED SUBSIDIARY” means Transmeridian Caspian, Emba-Trans and any other Subsidiary of the Company (other than Transmeridian Exploration Inc.) that is designated by the Board of Directors as an Unrestricted Subsidiary, but only to the extent that such Subsidiary:

(1)

has no Indebtedness other than Non-Recourse Debt;

(2)

is not party to any agreement, contract, arrangement or understanding with the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company unless the terms of any such agreement, contract, arrangement of understanding are no less favorable to the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary than those that might be obtained at the time from Persons who are not Affiliates of the Company;

(3)

is a Person with respect to which neither the Company nor any of its Restricted Subsidiaries has any direct or indirect obligation (a) to subscribe for additional Equity Interests or (b) to maintain or preserve such Person’s financial condition or to cause such Person to achieve any specified levels of operating results, except in each case to the extent that the full amount of any such commitment is treated as an Investment in compliance with Section 15 hereof or a Permitted Investment;

(4)

such Subsidiary, either alone or in the aggregate with all other Unrestricted Subsidiaries, does not operate, directly or indirectly, all or substantially all of the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries; and

(5)

has not guaranteed or otherwise directly or indirectly provided credit support for any Indebtedness of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries.

The Board of Directors may designate any Restricted Subsidiary (other than Transmeridian Exploration Inc.) to be an Unrestricted Subsidiary if that designation would not cause a breach of the provisions in this Certificate of Designations. If a Restricted Subsidiary is designated as an Unrestricted Subsidiary, all outstanding Investments owned by the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries in the Subsidiary so designated will be deemed to be an Investment made as of the time of such designation and will reduce the amount available for Restricted Payments under Section 15(a). All such outstanding Investments will be valued at their Fair Market Value at the time of such designation. That designation will only be permitted if such Restricted Payment would be permitted at that time and if such Restricted Subsidiary otherwise meets the definition of an Unrestricted Subsidiary.

If, at any time, any Unrestricted Subsidiary would fail to meet the preceding requirements as an Unrestricted Subsidiary, it shall thereafter cease to be an Unrestricted Subsidiary for purposes of this Certificate of Designations and any Indebtedness of such Subsidiary shall be deemed to be incurred by a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company as of such date and, if such Indebtedness is not permitted to be incurred as of such date under Section 14, the Company shall be in default of such covenant.

F-1-38

Subsidiary of the Company of any outstanding Indebtedness of such Unrestricted Subsidiary and such designation shall only be permitted if such Indebtedness is permitted under Section 14, calculated on a pro forma basis as if such designation had occurred at the beginning of the four-quarter reference period.

“VOLUME WEIGHTED AVERAGE PRICE” means for a share of Common Stock as of any date, the dollar volume-weighted average price for such Common Stock on the American Stock Exchange during the period beginning at 9:30:01 a.m., New York City time (or such other time as the American Stock Exchange publicly announces is the official open of trading), and ending at 4:00:00 p.m., New York City time (or such other time as the American Stock Exchange publicly announces is the official close of trading) as reported by Bloomberg through its “Volume at Price” functions, or, if the foregoing does not apply, the dollar volume/weighted average price of such Common Stock in the over-the-counter market on the electronic bulletin board for such Common Stock during the period beginning at 9:30:01 a.m., New York City time (or such other time as the American Stock Exchange publicly announces is the official open of trading), and ending at 4:00:00 p.m., New York City time (or such other time as the American Stock Exchange publicly announces is the official close of trading) as reported by Bloomberg, or, if no dollar/volume weighted average price is reported for the Common Stock by Bloomberg for such hours, the average of the highest closing bid price and the lowest closing ask price of any of the market makers for such Common Stock as reported in the “pink sheets” by Pink Sheets LLC (formerly the National Quotation Bureau, Inc.). All such determinations are to be appropriately adjusted for any stock dividend, stock split, stock combination or other similar transaction during the applicable calculation period.

“VOLUMETRIC PRODUCTION PAYMENTS” mean production payment obligations recorded as deferred revenue in accordance with GAAP, together with all undertakings and obligations in connection therewith.

“VOTING RIGHTS CLASS” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5(b) hereof.

“VOTING RIGHTS TRIGGERING EVENT” means (1) if dividends on or any shares of the Voting Rights Class are in arrears and unpaid for two or more calendar years or (2) the failure of the Company to redeem any shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock pursuant to Sections 8 or 9 hereof.

“VOTING STOCK” means, with respect to any Person, securities of any class or classes of Capital Stock in such Person entitling the holders thereof to vote without any contingency on the election of members of the Board of Directors or other governing body of such Person.

“WEIGHTED AVERAGE LIFE TO MATURITY” means, when applied to any Indebtedness at any date, the number of years obtained by dividing:

(1)

the sum of the products obtained by multiplying (a) the amount of each then remaining installment, sinking fund, serial maturity or other required payments of principal, including payment at final maturity, in respect thereof, by (b) the number of years (calculated to the nearest one-twelfth) that will elapse between such date and the making of such payment; by

(2)

the then outstanding principal amount of such Indebtedness.

“WHOLLY-OWNED RESTRICTED SUBSIDIARY” of any Person means a Restricted Subsidiary of such Person all of the outstanding Capital Stock of which (other than Foreign Required Minority Shares) shall at the time be owned by such Person and/or by one or more other Wholly-Owned Restricted Subsidiaries of such Person.

F-1-39

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being a duly authorized officer of the Company, does file this Certificate of Designations hereby declaring and certifying that the facts stated herein are true and accordingly has hereunto set his hand this day of , 2008.


TRANSMERIDIAN EXPLORATION INCORPORATED

By:
Name:		▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇
Title:		Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Exhibit 4.01(d)(ii)

CERTIFICATE OF DESIGNATIONS

SERIES B-2 REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK

TRANSMERIDIAN EXPLORATION INCORPORATED

Pursuant to Section 151 of the General Corporation Law

of the State of Delaware

TRANSMERIDIAN EXPLORATION INCORPORATED, a Delaware corporation (the “COMPANY”), does hereby certify that, pursuant to the authority expressly granted to and vested in the Board of Directors of the Company (the “BOARD OF DIRECTORS”) by the provisions of Article Fourth of the Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, as amended from time to time (the “CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION”), and pursuant to Section 151 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”), the Board of Directors, by resolution adopted on , 2008, duly approved and adopted the following resolution, which resolution remains in full force and effect on the date hereof:

(1)

Designation and Amount. There shall be created from the 15,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0006 per share, of the Company authorized to be issued pursuant to the Certificate of Incorporation, a series of preferred stock, designated as the “Series B-2 Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock” (the “REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK”), and the number of shares of such series shall be 2,500,000. Such number of shares may be decreased by resolution of the Board of Directors; provided, however, that no decrease shall reduce the number of shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock to a number less than that of the shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock then outstanding plus the number of shares potentially issuable as dividend payments on the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock pursuant to Section 3 of this Certificate of Designations.

(2)

(3)

Dividends.

(a)

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the close of business on the Record Date applicable to such Dividend Payment Date. Such dividends shall be cumulative from the most recent date as to which dividends shall have been paid or, if no dividends have been paid, from the Issue Date (whether or not in any Dividend Period or Dividend Periods there shall be funds of the Company legally available for the payment of such dividends) and shall accrue on a day-to-day basis, whether or not earned or declared, from and after the Issue Date. Dividends payable for any partial Dividend Period or for the initial Dividend Period ending on the day immediately prior to [Note: the first Dividend Payment Date after the Swap Closing to be inserted], shall be computed on the basis of days elapsed over a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months. Accumulations of dividends on shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock shall not bear interest. The initial dividend rate on the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock for the initial Dividend Period, commencing on the Issue Date (assuming an Issue Date of [Note: the date of the Swap Closing to be inserted] and a then-applicable Dividend Rate of 15% per annum), will be $15 per share, subject to adjustment as provided for herein, and will be payable, when, as and if declared by the Board of Directors, on [Note: the first Dividend Payment Date after the Swap Closing to be inserted] out of funds lawfully available therefor. Each subsequent quarterly dividend on the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, when, as and if declared by the Board of Directors, will be $3.75 per share, subject to adjustment as provided for herein.

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

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(3A)

Method of Payment of Dividends.

(a)

Subject to the restrictions set forth herein, dividends on the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock may be paid, as determined in the Company’s sole discretion:

(i)

in cash;

(ii)

by delivery of additional shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock;

(iii)

(iv)

(b)

(c)

(d)

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under this Section (3A)(d) in cash, the Company will (i) in the case of dividends paid in shares of Common Stock, deliver one share of Common Stock in lieu of delivery of a fractional share of Common Stock; and (ii) in the case of dividends paid in shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, deliver shares of Common Stock, valued at 95% of the Market Value as determined on the second Trading Day immediately prior to the Record Date for such dividend, in lieu of delivery of a fractional share of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, and will deliver one share of Common Stock in lieu of delivery of any resulting fractional share of Common Stock.

(e)

(4)

Payment Restrictions.

(a)

(i)

declare or pay any dividend or make any distribution of assets on any Junior Stock;

(ii)

(iii)

declare or pay any dividend or make any distribution of assets on any shares of Parity Stock; or

(iv)

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(5)

Voting Rights.

(a)

(i)

(ii)

In addition to and separate from the voting rights set forth in Sections 5(b) - (d) below, the Holders, with holders of any Parity Stock having similar voting rights, acting together as a class, to the exclusion of the holders of Common Stock, shall have the right to elect up to that number of directors to the Board of Directors that constitutes a majority of the authorized number of members of the Board of Directors (the “PREFERRED DIRECTORS”); provided, however, that if, the percentage of Common Stock owned by the Holders on an as-converted basis, based on the Conversion Price (subject to adjustment pursuant to Section 13(a)(i), (iv) and (v)), is less than 50%, assuming exercise or conversion of all then-outstanding Options and Convertible Securities, then the Holders and holders of any Parity Stock having similar voting rights, acting together as a class, to the exclusion of the holders of Common Stock, shall have the right to elect a number of Preferred Directors which represent a percentage of the Board of Directors that is equal to the percentage of Common Stock owned by the Holders on such as-converted basis, rounded to the nearest multiple of 10 percent. The Company and the Board of Directors shall take such action as may be necessary to ensure that the number of directors on the Board of Directors would allow for a whole number of Preferred Directors to be elected for such specified percentage of Preferred Directors.

(iii)

If the holders of a majority of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and the Parity Stock having similar voting rights, acting together as a class, notify the Company in writing that they have determined to waive their right to elect all or any Preferred Directors, the

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Holders and holders of any Parity Stock having similar voting rights nevertheless shall have the right, during the effectiveness of such waiver, to designate one observer, to the Board of Directors (the “PREFERRED BOARD OBSERVER”), who, subject to the execution and delivery of a confidentiality agreement to the Company (in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Company), may attend meetings of the Board of Directors and receive any materials distributed to the Board of Directors in connection with such meetings.

(b)

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(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

So long as any shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock remain outstanding, unless a greater percentage shall then be required by law, the Company shall not, without the affirmative vote or consent of the Holders of at least 66-²/3% of the then-outstanding voting power of the shares of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock whether by merger, consolidation or otherwise, create, authorize, increase the authorized amount of, or issue (i) any additional shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock (except in payment of dividends on outstanding Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock), or (ii) any class or series of Senior Stock or Parity Stock (or any security convertible into Senior Stock or Parity Stock), except for Series B-1 Stock. In addition, so long as any shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock remain outstanding, unless a greater percentage shall then be required by law, the Company shall not, without the affirmative vote or consent of the Holders of at least 66-²/3% of the then-outstanding voting

F-2-7

power of the shares of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, (i) amend the Certificate of Incorporation or this Certificate of Designations, whether by merger, consolidation, combination or otherwise, in a manner that would adversely affect the rights of the Holders, (ii) approve any transaction (or series of related transactions) that may result in a Change of Control or (iii) increase or decrease the size of the Board of Directors. Unless a greater percentage shall then be required by law, compliance by the Company with the covenants set forth in Sections 14, 15 or 16 may be waived by the affirmative vote or consent of the Holders of at least 66-²/3% of the then-outstanding voting power of the shares of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock.

(h)

In exercising the voting rights set forth in Sections 5(a) through 5(g), each share of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock shall be entitled to one vote. Except with respect to any vote where solely the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Series B-1 Stock are entitled to vote together as a class, in any case where the Holders of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to vote as members of a single class with holders of shares of any Senior Stock or Parity Stock having similar voting rights, each class or series shall have a number of votes proportionate to the aggregate liquidation preference of the outstanding shares of such class or series.

(i)

(6)

Liquidation, Dissolution or Winding Up.

(a)

(b)

(c)

After the payment to the Holders of the full preferential amounts provided for in Section 6(a), the Holders as such shall have no right or claim to any of the remaining assets of the Company.

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(d)

(7)

Conversion at the Option of the Holder.

(a)

(b)

Any written notice of conversion pursuant to this Section 7 shall be duly executed by the Holder, and specify:

(i)

the number of shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock to be converted;

(ii)

(iii)

any other transfer forms, tax forms or other relevant documentation required and specified by the Company or the Transfer Agent, if necessary, to effect the conversion.

(c)

(d)

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(e)

(f)

(g)

(8)

Mandatory Redemption.

(a)

On , 2013 [Note: the date being the fifth anniversary of the date of the Swap Closing] (the “MANDATORY REDEMPTION DATE”), each Holder of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock will have the right to require the Company to redeem, in cash, from any source of funds legally available therefor and subject to the terms of any of the Company’s Indebtedness, Senior Stock or Parity Stock all or any of such Holder’s shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, at a cash price per share (the “MANDATORY REDEMPTION PRICE”) equal to the sum of the Liquidation Preference plus an amount equal to all accrued and unpaid dividends on one share of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, whether or not declared prior to that date, for the then-current Dividend Period through the Mandatory Redemption Date and all prior dividend periods (other than previously declared dividends on shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock payable to Holders of record as of a prior date). If the Company is not legally

F-2-10

permitted to pay dividends in cash on the Mandatory Redemption Date, such Holders will have the right to receive, in lieu of cash in payment of such dividends, an additional number of whole shares of Common Stock equal to the amount of dividends otherwise payable divided by the Market Value as determined on the Mandatory Redemption Date, with any resulting fractional share of Common Stock to be settled in accordance with Section 12.

(b)

Each Holder desiring to exercise its right to require redemption of all or any of its shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock pursuant to this Section 8 must deliver a written notice of such election to the Company on or after [Note: the date two months ahead of the Mandatory Redemption Date to be inserted] but in any event at least ten Business Days prior to the Mandatory Redemption Date and such Holder shall have the right to withdraw its election at anytime prior to the tenth (10^th) Business Day before the Mandatory Redemption Date. Any written notice of such Holder’s election to require redemption pursuant to this Section 8 shall be duly executed by the Holder and specify the number of shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock to be redeemed.

(c)

(d)

F-2-11

Section 8(c), including surrender of any certificates representing share(s) of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock to be redeemed, the Company shall instruct the Transfer Agent to pay the Mandatory Redemption Price to each Holder who has duly exercised its redemption rights pursuant to this Section 8 for each share of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock of such Holder subject to redemption under this Section 8.

(9)

Redemption Upon a Change of Control.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

F-2-12

tendered for redemption and not validly withdrawn pursuant to this Section 9 shall no longer be outstanding, dividends will cease to accrue on such shares and the Holders thereof shall cease to have any rights with respect to such shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock on and after the Change of Control Purchase Date except for the right to receive the Change of Control Redemption Price, without interest, upon the surrender of such shares. The Company shall take all such actions as are necessary to maximize the funds that are legally available for the payment of dividends on, and the redemption of, shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, including, without limitation, the revaluation of the Company’s assets to their actual values.

(e)

(10)

(i)

(ii)

F-2-13

(C) the issuance of Common Stock to the Initial Holder pursuant to the terms of the Investment Agreement, (D) the issuance of the Shares of Newly Issued Common Stock, (E) the issuance (at issuance or exercise prices at or above Market Value) of Common Stock, stock awards or options under, or the exercise of any options granted pursuant to, any employee stock option or similar employee incentive or benefit plan for the issuance of stock awards, options or capital stock of the Company approved by the Board of Directors or (F) the issuance of shares of Common Stock or preferred stock of the Company pursuant to a stock split, combination or subdivision of the outstanding shares of Common Stock or preferred stock (as the case may be) of the Company. Notwithstanding anything herein contained to the contrary, the Holders’ rights to Additional Securities set forth in this Section 10 shall apply even if it is contemplated that the shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock will not be outstanding on the anticipated closing date of the sale of such Additional Securities if the shares were outstanding at the time of the giving of the Issuance Notice.

(11)

Reservation of Common Stock.

(a)

(b)

(c)

F-2-14

Stock delivered as payment of dividends shall be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, free and clear of all Liens (other than Liens created by the Holders).

(d)

(e)

(12)

Fractional Shares.

(a)

(b)

(13)

Adjustments to the Conversion Price and Dividend Rate.

(a)

The Conversion Price shall be subject to the following adjustments:

(i)

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other distribution, such decrease to become effective immediately after the opening of business on the day following the date fixed for such determination. For purposes of this Section 13(a)(i), the number of shares of Common Stock at the time outstanding shall not include shares held in the treasury of the Company but shall include any shares issuable in respect of any scrip certificates issued in lieu of fractions of shares of Common Stock. Except as provided in Section 11(b), the Company will not pay any dividend or make any distribution on shares of Common Stock held in the treasury of the Company.

(ii)

Dilutive Issuances. In case the Company issues or sells, or is deemed to have issued or sold, any shares of its Common Stock (other than Excluded Stock) for no consideration or consideration per share less than $1.84 (which price shall be adjusted from time to time in the manner set forth in Sections 13(a)(i) and 13(a)(iv)) (as so adjusted, the “THRESHOLD PRICE”), then immediately upon such issue or sale, the Conversion Price shall be reduced to the lowest price per share for which any one such share of its Common Stock has been issued or deemed issued. For purposes of this Section 13(a)(ii), “EXCLUDED STOCK” means shares of Common Stock (in each case as adjusted for any stock splits, stock dividends, recapitalizations, combinations or similar transactions), Options and Convertible Securities issued (i) pursuant to one or more Approved Plans, (ii) upon conversion of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, the Senior Redeemable Preferred Stock, Junior Redeemable Preferred Stock or Series B-1 Stock, (iii) upon conversion, exercise or exchange of any Options or Convertible Securities outstanding as of the Issue Date pursuant to and in accordance with the terms of such Options or Convertible Securities as of such date, (iv) pursuant to Sections 4.02 and 4.04 of the Investment Agreement, (v) pursuant to the preemptive rights set forth in Section 10 or preemptive rights of holders of the Senior Redeemable Preferred Stock or Series B-1 Stock, and (vi) in connection with any stock splits or stock dividends, or any recapitalizations, reorganizations, mergers or consolidations contemplated by Section 13(e).

(iii)

(A)

(B)

F-2-16

consideration for the issue or sale of such Convertible Securities, plus the minimum aggregate amount of additional consideration, if any, payable to the Company upon the conversion or exchange of such Convertible Securities, by (2) the total maximum number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon the conversion or exchange of all such Convertible Securities. No further adjustment of the Conversion Price shall be made when Common Stock is actually issued upon the conversion or exchange of such Convertible Securities, and if any such issue or sale of such Convertible Securities is made upon exercise of any Options for which adjustments of the Conversion Price had been or are to be made pursuant to other provisions of this Section 13(a)(iii), no further adjustment of the Conversion Price shall be made by reason of such issue or sale.

(C)

(D)

(E)

(F)

(G)

(H)

F-2-17

Common Stock, Options or Convertible Securities, then such record date shall be deemed to be the date of the issue or sale of the shares of Common Stock deemed to have been issued or sold upon the payment of such dividend or upon the making of such other distribution or the date of the granting of such right of subscription or purchase, as the case may be.

(iv)

(v)

(vi)

(A)

the Conversion Price in effect immediately prior to the close of business on the record date fixed for the determination of holders of Common Stock entitled to receive such distribution by

(B)

(vii)

Debt or Asset Distribution. If the Company shall at any time or from time to time make a distribution to all holders of its Common Stock consisting of evidences of indebtedness, shares of its Capital Stock other than Common Stock or assets (including securities, but excluding those Options, Convertible Securities, dividends, rights and distributions referred to in Sections 13(a)(iii) and (v) above), then, and in each such case, the Conversion Price

F-2-18

then in effect shall be adjusted by multiplying the Conversion Price in effect immediately prior to the date of such distribution or by a fraction (A) the numerator of which shall be the Market Value less the then fair market value (as determined by the Board of Directors) of the portion of the cash, evidences of indebtedness, securities or other assets so distributed applicable to one share of Common Stock (but such numerator shall not be less than one); and (B) the denominator of which shall be the Market Value; provided, however, that no adjustment shall be made with respect to any distribution of rights to purchase Capital Stock of the Company if the Holders would otherwise be entitled to receive such rights upon conversion at any time of shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock into shares of Common Stock unless such rights are subsequently redeemed by the Company, in which case such redemption shall be treated for purposes of this Section 13(a)(vii) as a dividend on the Common Stock. Such adjustment shall be made whenever any such distribution is made and shall become effective retroactively to a date immediately following the close of business on the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such distribution.

(b)

Adjustment for Tax Reasons. The Company reserves the right to make such reductions in the Conversion Price in addition to those required in the foregoing provisions as it considers advisable in order that any event treated for Federal income tax purposes as a dividend of stock or stock rights will not be taxable to the recipients. In the event the Company elects to make such a reduction in the Conversion Price, the Company will comply with the requirements of Rule 14e-1 under the Exchange Act, and any other securities laws and regulations thereunder if and to the extent that such laws and regulations are applicable in connection with the reduction of the Conversion Price.

(c)

Calculation of Adjustments. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, no adjustment under this Section 13 need be made to the Conversion Price unless such adjustment would require an increase or decrease of at least 1% of the Conversion Price then in effect. Any lesser adjustment shall be carried forward and shall be made at the time of and together with the next subsequent adjustment, if any, which, together with any adjustment or adjustments so carried forward, shall amount to an increase or decrease of at least 1% of such Conversion Price; provided, however, that with respect to adjustments to be made to the Conversion Price in connection with cash dividends paid by the Company, the Company shall make such adjustments, regardless of whether such aggregate adjustments amount to 1% or more of the Conversion Price, no later than November 15 of each calendar year.

(d)

(e)

Reorganization Events. In the event of:

(i)

any consolidation or merger of the Company with or into another Person (other than a merger or consolidation in which the Company is the continuing or surviving Person and in which the Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the merger or consolidation is not exchanged for cash, securities or other property of the Company or another Person or cancelled);

F-2-19

(ii)

any sale, transfer, lease or conveyance to another Person of all or substantially all of the property and assets of the Company (computed on a consolidated basis);

(iii)

any reclassification of Common Stock into securities including securities other than Common Stock; or

(iv)

(f)

Most Favored Conversion Price. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Certificate of Designations, if the conversion price applicable to any other Convertible Securities of the Company (other than the Series B-1 Stock and the Junior Redeemable Preferred Stock) is, at any time, lower than the Conversion Price, the Conversion Price shall be automatically reduced to match the conversion price for such other Convertible Securities.

(14)

Incurrence of Indebtedness.

(a)

Except as otherwise provided in Section 14(b), for so long as any shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock are outstanding, the Company will not, and will not permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to, without the consent of the Holders of at least 66-2/3% of the outstanding voting power of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, directly or indirectly, create, incur, issue, assume, guarantee or otherwise become directly or indirectly liable, contingently or otherwise, with respect to (collectively, “incur”) any Indebtedness (including Acquired Debt).

(b)

(i)

the incurrence by the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries of Indebtedness existing on the Issue Date;

(ii)

(iii)

the incurrence by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries of intercompany Indebtedness between or among the Company and any of its Restricted Subsidiaries; provided, however, that (A) any subsequent issuance or transfer of Equity Interests that

F-2-20

results in any such Indebtedness being held by a Person other than the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary thereof and (B) any sale or other transfer of any such Indebtedness to a Person that is not either the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary thereof, shall be deemed, in each case, to constitute an incurrence of such Indebtedness by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be, that was not permitted by this sub-section;

(iv)

(v)

(vi)

(vii)

(viii)

(c)

For purposes of determining compliance with this Section 14:

(i)

(ii)

guarantees of, or obligations in respect of letters of credit relating to, Indebtedness which is otherwise included in the determination of a particular amount of Indebtedness shall not be included;

(iii)

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(iv)

the amount of Indebtedness issued at a price that is less than the principal amount thereof will be equal to the amount of the liability in respect thereof determined in accordance with GAAP; and

(v)

(d)

(15)

Restricted Payments.

(a)

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

make any Investment other than a Permitted Investment (all such payments and other actions set forth in sub-sections (i) through (iv) being collectively referred to as “RESTRICTED PAYMENTS”),

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(b)

unless, at the time of and after giving effect to such Restricted Payment:

(i)

there are no arrearages on the payment of dividends on the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock; and

(ii)

(iii)

(c)

The preceding provisions will not prohibit:

(i)

the payment of any dividend within 60 days after the date of declaration thereof, if at said date of declaration such payment would have complied with the provisions of this Section 15; or

(ii)

(d)

(16)

Dividend and Other Payment Restrictions.

(a)

For so long as any shares of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock are outstanding, the Company will not, and will not permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly, without the consent of the Holders of at least 66-2/3% of the outstanding voting power of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock create or permit to exist or become effective any consensual encumbrance or restriction (other than pursuant to this Certificate of Designations, other Senior Stock, the Series B-1 Stock or the indenture, as supplemented, governing the Company’s Senior Secured Notes due 2010) on the ability of any Restricted Subsidiary to:

(i)

pay dividends or make any other distributions on its Capital Stock or pay any Indebtedness owed to the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries;

(ii)

make loans or advances to the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries; or

(iii)

transfer any of its properties or assets to the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries.

(b)

The preceding restrictions will not apply to encumbrances or restrictions existing under or by reason of:

(i)

(ii)

any agreement for the sale or other disposition of a Restricted Subsidiary that restricts distributions by such Restricted Subsidiary pending its sale or other disposition; and

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(iii)

with respect to Section 16(a)(iii) only, any of the following encumbrances or restrictions:

(A)

customary non-assignment provisions in leases, licenses and contracts entered into in the ordinary course of business;

(B)

purchase money obligations for property acquired in the ordinary course of business that impose restrictions on the property so acquired;

(C)

customary restrictions contained in asset sale agreements limiting the transfer of such assets pending the closing of such sale;

(D)

(E)

(17)

(18)

Transfer Agent, Registrar and Paying Agent. The duly appointed Transfer Agent, Registrar and Paying Agent for the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock shall be The Bank of New York; provided, however, that the Company may, at its option, serve as the Transfer Agent, Registrar and Paying Agent for the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock for a period of up to 10 Business Days from the Issue Date.

(19)

SEC Reports.

(a)

(b)

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(20)

Miscellaneous.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(21)

Definitions. Unless otherwise defined herein, capitalized terms used in this Certificate of Designations shall have the following meanings:

“ACQUIRED DEBT” means, with respect to any specified Person:

(1)

(2)

Indebtedness secured by a Lien encumbering any asset acquired by such specified Person.

“ADDITIONAL SECURITIES” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 10 hereof.

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ownership of voting securities, by agreement or otherwise. For purposes of this definition, the terms “controlling,” “controlled by” and “under common control with” shall have correlative meanings.

“ASSET SALE” means:

(1)

the sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition of any assets, including, without limitation, by means of a sale and leaseback transaction, and:

(a)

any sale of a net profits or overriding royalty interest, in each case conveyed from or burdening proved developed or proved undeveloped reserves; and

(b)

any sale of hydrocarbons or other mineral products as a result of the creation of Dollar-Denominated Production Payments or Volumetric Production Payments (other than Dollar-Denominated Production Payments and Volumetric Production Payments created or sold in connection with the financing of, and within 30 days after, the acquisition of the properties subject thereto); and

(2)

the issuance of Equity Interests by any of the Company’s Restricted Subsidiaries or the sale of Equity Interests in any of its Restricted Subsidiaries.

Notwithstanding the preceding, the following items shall not be deemed to be Asset Sales:

(1)

any single transaction or series of related transactions that together involves assets having a Fair Market Value of less than $250,000;

(2)

a transfer of assets between or among the Company and its Wholly-Owned Restricted Subsidiaries;

(3)

an issuance of Equity Interests by a Restricted Subsidiary to the Company or to another Restricted Subsidiary;

(4)

a disposition of Cash Equivalents in the ordinary course of business;

(5)

a Restricted Payment or Permitted Investment that is permitted by Section 15;

(6)

a sale of oil, gas or other hydrocarbons or other mineral products in the ordinary course of business of the Company’s and its Restricted Subsidiaries’ oil and gas production operations;

(7)

(8)

(9)

the creation or perfection of a Lien (but not the sale or other disposition of any asset subject to such Lien) in accordance with this Certificate of Designations;

(10)

disposition of surplus or obsolete equipment in the ordinary course of business of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries; and

(11)

the issuance of Foreign Required Minority Shares.

“ATTRIBUTABLE DEBT” in respect of a sale and leaseback transaction means, at the time of determination, the present value of the obligation of the lessee for net rental payments during the remaining term of the lease included in such sale and leaseback transaction including any period for which such lease has been

F-2-26

extended or may, at the option of the lessor, be extended. Such present value shall be calculated using a discount rate equal to the rate of interest implicit in such transaction, determined in accordance with GAAP. As used in the preceding sentence, the “net rental payments” under any lease for any such period shall mean the sum of rental and other payments required to be paid with respect to such period by the lessee thereunder, excluding any amounts required to be paid by such lessee on account of maintenance and repairs, insurance, taxes, assessments, water rates or similar charges. In the case of any lease that is terminable by the lessee upon payment of penalty, such net rental payment shall also include the amount of such penalty, but no rent shall be considered as required to be paid under such lease subsequent to the first date upon which it may be so terminated.

“BUSINESS DAY” means any day other than a Saturday or Sunday or any other day on which commercial banks in the City of New York are authorized or required by law or executive order to close.

“CAPITAL STOCK” means:

(1)

in the case of a corporation, corporate stock;

(2)

in the case of an association or business entity, any and all shares, interests, participations, rights or other equivalents (however designated) of corporate stock;

(3)

in the case of a partnership or limited liability company, partnership or membership interests (whether general or limited); and

(4)

any other interest or participation that confers on a Person the right to receive a share of the profits and losses of, or distributions of assets of, the issuing Person.

“CASH EQUIVALENTS” means:

(1)

United States dollars;

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

money market or other mutual funds at least 95% of the assets of which constitute Cash Equivalents of the kinds described in clauses (1) through (5) of this definition; and

F-2-27

(7)

“CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals.

“CHANGE OF CONTROL” means the occurrence of any of the following events:

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

the adoption of a plan the consummation of which would result in the Company’s liquidation or dissolution other than with the consent or approval of the Initial Holder or its Affiliates;

(iv)

(v)

“CHANGE OF CONTROL NOTICE” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 9(c) hereof.

“CHANGE OF CONTROL PURCHASE DATE” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 9(a) hereof.

“CHANGE OF CONTROL REDEMPTION PRICE” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 9(a) hereof.

F-2-28

“COMMISSION” means the United States Securities Exchange Commission.

“COMPANY” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals.

“COMPANY NOTICE DATE” have the meaning set forth in Section 9(b) hereof.

“CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOW” means, with respect to any Person for any period, the Consolidated Net Income of such Person for such period plus:

(1)

an amount equal to any extraordinary loss plus any net loss realized in connection with an Asset Sale, to the extent such losses were deducted in computing such Consolidated Net Income; plus

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

to the extent included in determining Consolidated Net Income, the sum of:

(a)

the amount of deferred revenues that are amortized during the period and are attributable to reserves that are subject to Volumetric Production Payments; and

(b)

amounts recorded in accordance with GAAP as repayments of principal and interest pursuant to Dollar-Denominated Production Payments.

F-2-29

(1)

(2)

(3)

the cumulative effect of a change in accounting principles shall be excluded;

(4)

any write-downs or impairments of non-current assets shall be excluded; and

(5)

any non-cash gains or losses or changes in respect of hedge or non-hedge derivatives (including those resulting from the application of FAS 133) shall be excluded.

“CONVERSION PRICE” means $1.84, subject to adjustment as set forth in Section 13 hereof.

“CONVERSION RATE” on any date of determination means the number of shares of Common Stock into which one share of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock is convertible as of such date.

“CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 13(a)(iii)(A) hereof.

“CORPORATE TRUST OFFICE” means the principal corporate trust office of the Transfer Agent at which, at any particular time, its corporate trust business shall be administered.

“DGCL” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals.

F-2-30

right to require the Company to repurchase such Capital Stock upon the occurrence of a change of control or an Asset Sale shall not constitute Disqualified Stock if the terms of such Capital Stock provide that the Company may not repurchase or redeem any such Capital Stock pursuant to such provisions unless such repurchase or redemption complies with Section 15.

“DIVIDEND PAYMENT DATE” means the 1st calendar day of January, April, July and October of each year, or the following Business Day if such day is not a Business Day, commencing [ ], 2008.

“DIVIDEND RATE” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3(a) hereof.

“EMBA-TRANS” means Emba Trans LLP, a Kazakhstan limited liability partnership.

“EQUITY INTERESTS” means Capital Stock and all Options to acquire Capital Stock (but excluding any debt security that is convertible into, or exchangeable for, Capital Stock).

“EXCHANGE ACT” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

“EXCLUDED STOCK” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 13(a)(ii)(C) hereof.

In addition, for purposes of calculating the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio:

(1)

acquisitions that have been made by the specified Person or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries, including through mergers or consolidations and including any related financing transactions, during

F-2-31

(2)

(3)

“FIXED CHARGES” means, with respect to any Person for any period, the sum, without duplication, of:

(1)

(2)

the consolidated interest of such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries that was capitalized during such period; plus

(3)

(4)

the product of:

(a)

(b)

“GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, as in effect as of the Issue Date.

“HEDGING OBLIGATIONS” means, with respect to any Person, the obligations of such Person under Currency Agreements, Interest Rate Agreements and Commodity Agreements.

F-2-32

“INDEBTEDNESS” means, with respect to any specified Person, without duplication,

(1)

all obligations of such Person, whether or not contingent, in respect of:

(a)

borrowed money;

(b)

evidenced by bonds, notes, debentures or similar instruments or letters of credit (or reimbursement agreements in respect thereof);

(c)

bankers’ acceptances;

(d)

Capital Lease Obligations; and

(e)

the balance deferred and unpaid of the purchase price of any property due more than six months after the date of acquisition thereof, except any such balance that constitutes a trade payable;

(2)

all net obligations in respect of Currency Agreements, Interest Rate Agreements and Commodity Agreements or Dollar Denominated Production Payments;

(3)

(4)

(a)

the full amount of such obligations so secured and

(b)

the Fair Market Value of such asset;

(5)

(6)

Attributable Debt in respect of a sale and leaseback transaction; and

(7)

Subject to clause (3) of the preceding sentence, Volumetric Production Payments shall not be deemed to be Indebtedness.

“INVESTMENT AGREEMENT” means that certain Investment Agreement, dated as of June 11, 2008 and amended and restated as of September 22, 2008, between the Company and the Initial Holder, as may be amended from time to time.

F-2-33

“ISSUANCE NOTICE” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 10 hereof.

“ISSUE DATE” means [ ], 2008, the date of original issuance of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock.

“JUNIOR REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK” means the Company’s 20% Junior Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock initially issued on June 18, 2007.

“LIQUIDATION PREFERENCE” means, as to the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, $100.00 per share.

“MANDATORY REDEMPTION DATE” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 8(a) hereof.

“MANDATORY REDEMPTION PRICE” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 8(a) hereof.

(1)

F-2-34

or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries or the extinguishment of any Indebtedness of such Person or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries; and

(2)

any extraordinary gain (but not loss), together with any related provision for taxes on such extraordinary gain (but not loss).

“NON-RECOURSE DEBT” means Indebtedness:

(1)

(2)

“OFFICER’S CERTIFICATE” means a certificate of the Company, signed by any duly authorized Officer of the Company.

“OIL AND GAS BUSINESS” means:

(1)

the acquisition, exploration, exploitation, development, operation or disposition of interests in, or obtaining production from, oil, natural gas or other hydrocarbon properties;

(2)

the gathering, marketing, treating, processing (but not refining), storage, selling or transporting of any production from such interests or properties; or

(3)

any activity that is ancillary, necessary or appropriate to facilitate, or that is incidental to, the activities described in clauses (1) and (2) of this definition.

“OPTIONS” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 13(a)(iii)(A) hereof.

“PARITY STOCK” means Series B-1 Stock and any class of Capital Stock established after the Issue Date by the Board of Directors, the terms of which expressly provide that such class or series will rank on parity with the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock as to dividend rights or rights upon the liquidation, winding-up or dissolution of the Company.

“PERMITTED INDEBTEDNESS” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 14(b) hereof.

“PERMITTED INVESTMENT” means:

(1)

any Investment in the Company or in a Wholly-Owned Restricted Subsidiary of the Company;

(2)

any Investment in Cash Equivalents;

(3)

any Investment made as a result of the receipt of non-cash consideration from an Asset Sale;

(4)

F-2-35

(5)

(6)

(7)

Hedging Obligations, which transactions or obligations are incurred in compliance with Section 14 hereof; and

(8)

(1)

(2)

(b)

if the final maturity date of the Indebtedness being extended, refinanced, renewed, replaced, deferred or refunded is later than the Mandatory Redemption Date, the Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness has a final maturity date at least 91 days later than the Mandatory Redemption Date; and

(3)

“PREFERRED BOARD OBSERVER” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5(a)(ii) hereof.

“PREFERRED DIRECTORS” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5(a)(ii) hereof.

“PRODUCTION PAYMENTS” means, collectively, Dollar-Denominated Production Payments and Volumetric Production Payments.

F-2-36

“REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 1 hereof.

“REGISTRATION DEFAULT” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3(d) hereof.

“REORGANIZATION EVENT” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 13(e).

“RESTRICTED PAYMENTS” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 15(a)(iv) hereof.

“RESTRICTED SUBSIDIARY” of a Person means any Subsidiary of the referenced Person that is not an Unrestricted Subsidiary.

“SECURITIES ACT” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

“SERIES B-1 STOCK” means the Company’s Series B-1 Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, issued on [ ], 2008.

“SENIOR REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK” means the Company’s 15% Senior Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock initially issued on December 1, 2006.

“SHARES OF NEWLY ISSUED COMMON STOCK” shall have the meaning set forth in the Investment Agreement.

“THRESHOLD PRICE” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 13(a)(ii) hereof.

F-2-37

“TRANSMERIDIAN CASPIAN” means Transmeridian Caspian Petroleum LLP, a Kazakhstan limited liability partnership.

(1)

has no Indebtedness other than Non-Recourse Debt;

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

has not guaranteed or otherwise directly or indirectly provided credit support for any Indebtedness of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries.

F-2-38

The Board of Directors may at any time designate any Unrestricted Subsidiary to be a Restricted Subsidiary; provided, however, that such designation shall be deemed to be an incurrence of Indebtedness by a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company of any outstanding Indebtedness of such Unrestricted Subsidiary and such designation shall only be permitted if such Indebtedness is permitted under Section 14, calculated on a pro forma basis as if such designation had occurred at the beginning of the four-quarter reference period.

“VOTING RIGHTS CLASS” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5(b) hereof.

“WEIGHTED AVERAGE LIFE TO MATURITY” means, when applied to any Indebtedness at any date, the number of years obtained by dividing:

(1)

(2)

the then outstanding principal amount of such Indebtedness.

F-2-39


TRANSMERIDIAN EXPLORATION INCORPORATED

By:
Name:		▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇
Title:		Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

EXHIBIT 4.03(a)

NEITHER THIS WARRANT NOR THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON EXERCISE OF THIS WARRANT HAVE BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR REGISTERED OR QUALIFIED UNDER ANY STATE SECURITIES OR “BLUE SKY” LAWS OF ANY JURISDICTION. SUCH SECURITIES MAY NOT BE OFFERED, SOLD, ENCUMBERED OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED UNLESS THE REGISTRATION PROVISIONS OF SAID ACT AND THE REGISTRATION, QUALIFICATION AND FILING REQUIREMENTS OF ALL APPLICABLE JURISDICTIONS HAVE BEEN COMPLIED WITH OR UNLESS THE COMPANY HAS RECEIVED AN OPINION OF ITS COUNSEL OR LEGAL COUNSEL REASONABLY SATISFACTORY TO THE COMPANY THAT SUCH REGISTRATION AND QUALIFICATION ARE NOT REQUIRED OR THAT THE PROPOSED TRANSACTION WILL BE EXEMPT FROM REGISTRATION, QUALIFICATION AND FILING IN ALL SUCH JURISDICTIONS.

Issue Date:

WARRANT

to Purchase 33,653,960 shares of Common Stock of

TRANSMERIDIAN EXPLORATION INCORPORATED

a Delaware corporation

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT: Upon payment of the Exercise Price (as defined below), UNITED ENERGY GROUP LIMITED, an exempted company with limited liability existing under the laws of Bermuda (the “Initial Holder”) is entitled to purchase from TRANSMERIDIAN EXPLORATION INCORPORATED, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), at any time and from time to time during the Exercise Period (as defined below) an aggregate of up to 33,653,960 shares of Common Stock (as defined below), in whole or in part, at the Exercise Price, all on the terms and conditions and subject to the adjustments provided for in this warrant (this “Warrant”). All capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the respective meanings ascribed thereto in the Investment Agreement (as defined below).

1. DEFINITIONS. As used in this Warrant, unless the context otherwise requires:

“Common Stock” means (except where the context otherwise indicates), the Common Stock, $0.0006 par value per share, of the Company as constituted on the date hereof, and any capital stock into which such Common Stock may thereafter be changed or converted, and shall also include (i) capital stock of the Company of any other class (regardless of how denominated) issued to the holders of shares of Common Stock upon any reclassification thereof which is also not preferred as to dividends or assets on liquidation over any other class of stock of the Company and which is not subject to redemption; and (ii) shares of common stock of any successor or acquiring corporation received by or distributed to the holders of Common Stock of the Company in the circumstances contemplated by Section 3(d).

“Common Stock Equivalents” means any stock or security convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock and any right, warrants or option to acquire Common Stock or any such convertible or exchangeable security.

“Exercise Period” means the period commencing as of the Original Issue Date and ending at 5:00 PM New York time on the Expiration Date.

“Exercise Price” means, in respect of a share of Common Stock at any date herein specified, the price at which a share of Common Stock may be purchased pursuant to this Warrant on such date. Until the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to the terms hereof, the Exercise Price shall be equal to the Original Exercise Price.

“Exercise Rate” means the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of the Warrant.

“Expiration Date” means the ten (10) year anniversary of the Original Issue Date, or such earlier date as all Warrants have been exercised pursuant hereto.

“Holder” means the Initial Holder and/or any registered assignee of the Initial Holder.

“Investment Agreement” means that certain Amended and Restated Investment Agreement, dated as of June 11, 2008 and amended and restated as of September 22, 2008, between the Company and the Initial Holder.

“Investor Rights Agreement” means that certain Amended and Restated Investor Rights Agreement, dated as of June 11, 2008 and amended and restated as of September 22, 2008, between the Company and the Initial Holder.

“Market Price” means, as of any date of determination, the closing sale price per share (or if no closing sale price is reported, the average of the closing bid and ask prices or, if more than one in either case, the average of the average closing bid and the average closing ask prices) on such date as reported on the principal United States securities exchange on which the Common Stock or securities are then traded, or if the Common Stock or securities are not listed on a United States national or regional securities exchange, as reported by Nasdaq or by the Pink Sheets LLC, or if the Common Stock is not publicly traded, then the Market Price for such day shall be the fair market value thereof determined in good faith by the Board, or in the event the Holder disagrees with such determination, based on the opinion of an investment banking firm of international reputation jointly selected by the Company and the Holder of this Warrant. All fees and expenses of such investment banking firm incurred in connection with the foregoing opinion shall be paid by the Company.

“Original Exercise Price” means, in respect of any share of Common Stock, $1.20 per share.

“Original Issue Date” means the one (1) year anniversary of the Closing Date.

“Other Warrants” means the warrants issued to the Initial Holder on the Closing Date pursuant to the terms of the Investment Agreement, other than this Warrant.

“Warrant Shares” at any time means the Common Stock then purchasable by the Holder upon the exercise of this Warrant.

2. EXERCISE OF WARRANT.

(a) Procedure. This Warrant may be exercised, in whole or in part, at any time and from time to time during the Exercise Period at the election of the Holder, upon surrender at the principal office of the Company of the certificate or certificates evidencing this Warrant with the form of election to purchase attached hereto as Exhibit A duly completed and signed (the “Purchase Form”), and upon payment to the Company of the Exercise Price.

(b) Exercise Date. Each exercise of this Warrant shall be deemed to have been effected immediately prior to the close of business on the day on which this Warrant shall have been surrendered to the Company as provided in Section 2(a) above (the “Exercise Date”). At such time, the person or persons in whose name or names any certificates for Warrant Shares shall be issuable upon such exercise as provided in Section 2(c) below shall be deemed to have become the holder or holders of record of the Warrant Shares represented by such certificates.

(c) Certificates. As soon as practicable after the exercise of this Warrant in whole or in part, and in any event within three (3) Business Days thereafter, the Company, at its expense, will cause to be issued in the name of, and delivered to, the Holder, or as such Holder (upon payment by such Holder of any applicable transfer taxes) may direct:

(i) a certificate or certificates for the number of fully paid and non-assessable Warrant Shares to which such Holder shall be entitled upon such exercise, in such denomination or denominations as the Holder shall request; and

(ii) in the event that this Warrant is exercised in respect of fewer than all of the Warrant Shares issuable on such exercise at any time prior to the Expiration Date, a new certificate evidencing the remaining Warrant or Warrants will be issued, and the Company shall countersign and deliver the required new Warrant certificate or certificates. When surrendered upon exercise of the Warrant, this Warrant shall be cancelled and disposed of by the Company.

(d) Payment of Exercise Price. Payment of the aggregate Exercise Price shall be made in either of the following forms, or at the Holder’s election, a combination thereof:

(i) (A) through a cash exercise by payment of immediately available funds in the form of a certified check or official bank check payable to the order of the Company or (B) by wire transfer of immediately available funds to such account as the Company may specify; or

(ii) in lieu of exercising this Warrant by payment of cash, if on the Exercise Date the Market Price is greater than the Exercise Price, the Holder may elect to receive shares of Common Stock equal in value to the value (as determined below) of this Warrant (or the portion thereof being cancelled) by surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of the Company together with the exercise form attached hereto as Exhibit B duly completed and signed (the “Exercise Form”), in which event the Company shall issue to the Holder a number of shares of Common Stock computed using the following formula:


X = Y x (A-B)/A

where:

X	=	the number of Warrant Shares to be issued to the Holder.

Y	=	the number of Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant is being exercised.

A	=	the Market Price of one share of Common Stock as of the Exercise Date.

B	=	the Exercise Price.

(e) Restrictions on Exercise Amount. If the Company is prohibited at any time during the Exercise Period from issuing Warrant Shares as a result of any restrictions or prohibitions under applicable laws or the rules or regulations of any stock exchange, interdealer quotation system or other self-regulatory organization, the Company shall as soon as possible seek the approval of its shareholders and take such other action to authorize the issuance of the full number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant.

(f) Fractional Shares. The Company shall not be required upon the exercise of this Warrant to issue any fractional shares, and in lieu of such fractional shares the Company shall within five (5) Business Days following the Exercise Date make a cash payment therefor on the basis of the Market Price of one share of Common Stock on the Exercise Date, multiplied by the fraction represented by such fractional share.

(g) Registration. The Company shall number and register the Warrant certificates on the books of the Company maintained at its principal office. Warrant certificates shall be manually countersigned by the Company by a duly authorized officer and shall not be valid for any purpose unless so countersigned.

3. ADJUSTMENTS. The Exercise Price and the number of Warrant Shares are subject to adjustment from time to time as set forth in this Section 3.

(a) Adjustment for Change in Capital Stock. If at any time during the Exercise Period the Company:

(i) pays a dividend or makes a distribution on its Common Stock in shares of its Common Stock;

(ii) subdivides its outstanding shares of Common Stock into a greater number of shares of Common Stock;

(iii) combines its outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares of Common Stock; or

(iv) issues, by reclassification of its shares of Common Stock, any shares of its capital stock; then:

(1) the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon exercise of this Warrant immediately after the occurrence of any such event shall be adjusted to equal the number of shares of Common Stock which a record holder of the same number of shares of Common Stock that would have been acquirable under this Warrant immediately prior to the record date for such dividend or distribution or the effective date of such subdivision or combination would own or be entitled to receive after such record date or the effective date of such subdivision or combination, as applicable; and

(2) the Exercise Price shall be adjusted to equal:

(A) the Exercise Price in effect at the time of the record date for such dividend or distribution or of the effective date of such subdivision or combination, multiplied by the number of shares of Common Stock into which this Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to the adjustment, divided by

(B) the number of shares of Common Stock into which this Warrant is exercisable immediately after such adjustment.

Any adjustment made pursuant to clause (i) of this Section 3(a) shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution, and any adjustment pursuant to clauses (ii), (iii) or (iv) of this Section 3(a) shall become effective immediately after the effective date of such subdivision, combination or reclassification. Such adjustment shall be made successively whenever any event listed above shall occur.

(b) Adjustment for Certain Issuances of Common Stock. If at any time during the Exercise Period the Company shall issue any shares of Common Stock, or shall issue any Common Stock Equivalents, for a consideration per share less than the Exercise Price then in effect immediately prior to the issuance of such Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents, then, except as provided for in clause (iv) below, the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to each such issuance shall be decreased to the amount determined in accordance with the following formula:

Exercise Price =

(P1 * Q1) + (P2 * Q2)

Q1 + Q2

where:

the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to such issuance.

the number of shares of Common Stock and Common Stock Equivalents outstanding immediately prior to such issuance.

the average price per share received by the Company upon such issuance (determined in accordance with clauses (ii) and (iii) below).

the number of shares of Common Stock and Common Stock Equivalents issued or sold, or deemed to have been issued or sold (in accordance with clause (iii) below) upon such issuance.

No further adjustment to the Exercise Price shall be made upon the subsequent issue of shares of Common Stock upon the exercise, conversion or exchange of any Common Stock Equivalents.

For purpose of any adjustment of the Exercise Price pursuant to this Section 3(b), the following provisions shall be applicable:

(i) The per share consideration for the sale or issuance of Common Stock Equivalents shall be the price per share received by the Company before payment of commissions, discounts and other expenses. The value of any non-cash consideration received or receivable upon the sale or issuance of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents shall be determined in good faith by the Board.

(ii) In the case of the sale or issuance of Common Stock Equivalents, the per share consideration shall be determined by dividing the maximum number of shares of Common Stock issuable with respect to such Common Stock Equivalents into the aggregate consideration received by the Company upon the sale of issuance of such Common Stock Equivalents plus the minimum aggregate amount of any additional consideration receivable by the Company upon the conversion or exercise of such Common Stock Equivalents. Such maximum number of shares shall be deemed issued on the earlier of the payment date or record date for a distribution of Common Stock Equivalents.

(iii) If any Common Stock Equivalents included in adjustments under this Section 3(b) expire or terminate without the Common Stock to which they related having been issued, the Exercise Price shall be readjusted to eliminate the effect of the assumed issuance of such Common Stock. If any Common Stock Equivalents by their terms provide for subsequent increases in the additional consideration payable for the related Common Stock or for subsequent decreases in the number of shares of Common Stock obtainable, upon any such increase or decrease, the Exercise Price shall be appropriately readjusted to the extent such Common Stock Equivalents have not then expired or been exercised or converted. The aggregate increase in the Exercise Price caused by all such readjustments shall not exceed the decrease in Exercise Price made upon the issuance of the Common Stock Equivalents to which such readjustment relates.

(iv) The following issuances of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents shall be excluded from the adjustment of the Exercise Price: (A) any dividend or distribution on the Common Stock for which adjustment of the Exercise Price is made pursuant to Section 3(a) or 3(c); (B) shares of Common Stock issued to, or issuable upon exercise of Common Stock Equivalents issued to, employees, directors, consultants or advisors of the Company pursuant to a plan approved by the Board; (C) shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents issued as dividends on, or otherwise pursuant to, the New Preferred Stock or pursuant to other Common Stock Equivalents outstanding at the date hereof (including the Other Warrants); (D) shares of Common Stock issued to the Initial Holder pursuant to the terms of the Investment Agreement; and (E) the Shares of Newly Issued Common Stock.

(c) Certain Other Distributions. If at any time during the Exercise Period the Company shall cause the holders of its Common Stock to be entitled to receive any dividend or other distribution of: (i) cash; (ii) any evidences of its indebtedness, any shares of stock of any class or any other securities or property or assets of any nature whatsoever (other than cash or additional shares of Common Stock as provided in Section 3(a) hereof); or (iii) any warrants or other rights to subscribe for or purchase any evidences of its indebtedness, any shares of stock of any class or any other securities or property or assets of any nature whatsoever, then:

(1) the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be adjusted to equal the product of the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon exercise of this Warrant immediately prior to the record date for such dividend or distribution, multiplied by a fraction (A) the numerator of which shall be the Exercise Price at the date of taking such record and (B) the denominator of which shall be such Exercise Price minus the amount allocable to one share of Common Stock of any such cash so distributable and of the fair value (as determined in good faith by the Board) of any and all such evidences of indebtedness, shares of stock, other securities or property or warrants or other subscription or purchase rights so distributable; and

immediately prior to the adjustment, divided by (B) the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon exercise of this Warrant immediately after such adjustment.

A reclassification of the Common Stock (other than a change in par value, or from par value to no par value or from no par value to par value) into shares of Common Stock and shares of any other class of stock shall be deemed a distribution by the Company to the holders of its Common Stock of such shares of such other class of stock within the meaning of this Section 3(c) and, if the outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be changed into a larger or smaller number of shares of Common Stock as a part of such reclassification, such change shall be deemed a subdivision or combination, as the case may be, of the outstanding shares of Common Stock within the meaning of Section 3(a).

(d) Adjustment for Mergers or Reorganizations, etc.

(i) If at any time during the Exercise Period there shall occur any reclassification, reorganization, recapitalization, consolidation, sale of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, property or business, or any merger involving the Company, in each case in which the Common Stock is converted into or exchanged for securities (including warrants or other subscription or purchase rights), cash or other property, or pursuant to which any such securities, cash or other property is to be received by or distributed to the holders of Common Stock of the Company (other than a transaction covered by Sections 3(a)-(c) above) (each, a “Reorganization Event”), then, following any such Reorganization Event, and without payment by the Holder of any additional consideration thereof, the Holder shall receive upon the exercise hereof the kind and amount of securities, cash or other property which the Holder would have been entitled to receive if, immediately prior to such Reorganization Event, the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock subject to this Warrant, giving application to all adjustments called for during such period under this Section 3 with respect to the rights of the Holder. The Company shall not effect any Reorganization Event unless, prior to the consummation thereof, the successor or surviving entity (if other than the Company) and, if an entity different from the successor or surviving entity, the entity whose stock, securities, assets or other property the holders of Common Stock are entitled to receive as a result of such Reorganization Event, assumes by written instrument (A) the obligations to deliver to each Holder such shares of stock, securities, assets or other property as, in accordance with the foregoing provisions, such Holder may be entitled to acquire and (B) the due and punctual observance and performance of each and every covenant and condition contained in this Warrant to be performed and observed by the Company and all the obligations and liabilities hereunder, in order to provide for adjustments of shares of the Common Stock into which this Warrant is exercisable which shall be as nearly equivalent as practicable to the adjustments provided for in Section 3.

(ii) The foregoing provisions of Section 3(d)(i) shall similarly apply to successive Reorganization Events and to the stock or securities of any other corporation that are at the time receivable upon the exercise of this Warrant. If the per share consideration payable to the holder hereof for Warrant Shares in connection with any such transaction is in a form other than cash or marketable securities, then the value of such consideration shall be determined reasonably and in good faith by the Board. In all events, appropriate adjustment (as determined reasonably and in good faith by the Board) shall be made in the application of the provisions of this Warrant with respect to the rights and interests of the Holder after the transaction, to the end that the provisions of this Warrant shall be applicable after that event, as near as reasonably may be, in relation to any shares or other property deliverable after that event upon exercise of this Warrant.

(e) Additional Adjustments. If at any time or from time to time during the Exercise Period the Company shall take any action in respect of its Common Stock, other than the payment of dividends described in Section 3 or any other action described in Section 3, then, unless such action will not have a materially adverse effect upon the rights of the Holder of this Warrant, the number of Warrant Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable and/or the purchase price thereof shall be adjusted in such manner as may be equitable in the circumstances. In addition, in the event any shares of Common Stock shall be issued or sold by the Company for cash, the consideration payable therefor shall be deemed to be the amount payable

therefor by the purchaser thereof, without deduction therefrom of any expenses incurred or any underwriting commissions or concessions paid or allowed by the Company in connection therewith.

(f) Certain Limitations. During the Exercise Period the Company will take no action to increase the par value of the Common Stock to an amount in excess of the Exercise Price, including entering into any transaction which, by reason of any adjustment hereunder, would cause the Exercise Price to be less than the par value per share of Common Stock, and the Company will not enter into any agreements inconsistent with the rights of the Holder hereunder.

(g) Other Provisions Applicable to Adjustments. The following provisions shall be applicable to the making of adjustments of the number of Warrant Shares and the Exercise Price provided for in Section 3:

(i) When Adjustments to Be Made. The adjustments required by Section 3 shall be made whenever and as often as any specified event requiring an adjustment shall occur, except that any that would otherwise be required may be postponed (except in the case of a subdivision or combination of shares of the Common Stock, as provided for in Section 3(a)) up to, but not beyond, the date of exercise if such adjustment either by itself or with other adjustments not previously made adds or subtracts less than 1% of the shares of Common Stock into which this Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to the making of such adjustment. Any adjustment representing a change of less than such minimum amount (except as aforesaid) which is postponed shall be carried forward and made as soon as such adjustment, together with other adjustments required by this Section 3 and not previously made, would result in a minimum adjustment or on the date of exercise, whichever is earlier.

(ii) Fractional Interests. In computing adjustments under this Section 3, fractional interests in Common Stock shall be taken into account to the nearest 1/100th of a share.

(iii) When Adjustment Not Required. If the Company undertakes a transaction contemplated under this Section 3 and as a result takes a record of the holders of its Common Stock for the purpose of entitling them to receive a dividend or distribution or subscription or purchase rights or other benefits contemplated under this Section 3 and shall, thereafter and before the distribution to stockholders thereof, legally abandon its plan to pay or deliver such dividend, distribution, subscription or purchase rights or other benefits contemplated under this Section 3, then thereafter no adjustment shall be required by reason of the taking of such record and any such adjustment previously made in respect thereof shall be rescinded and annulled.

(iv) Escrow of Distribution. If after any property becomes distributable pursuant to Section 3 by reason of the taking of any record of the holders of Common Stock, but prior to the occurrence of the event for which such record is taken, a Holder of this Warrant exercises the Warrant during such time, then such Holder shall continue to be entitled to receive any shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise hereunder by reason of such adjustment and such shares or other property shall be held in escrow for the Holder of this Warrant by the Company to be issued to the Holder of this Warrant upon and to the extent that the event actually takes place. Notwithstanding any other provision to the contrary herein, if the event for which such record was taken fails to occur or is rescinded, then such escrowed shares shall be cancelled by the Company and escrowed property returned to the Company.

4. NOTICES TO WARRANT HOLDERS.

(a) Certificate as to Adjustments. Upon the occurrence of each adjustment or readjustment pursuant to Section 3, the Company shall, at its expense, promptly compute such adjustment or readjustment in accordance with the terms hereof and furnish to the Holder a certificate setting forth such adjustment or readjustment (including the kind and amount of securities, cash or other property for which this Warrant shall be exercisable, the Exercise Rate and Exercise Price and, in reasonable detail, the method of calculation of each, including the facts upon which such calculation is based) and showing in detail the facts upon which such adjustment or readjustment is based. The Company shall, upon the written request at any time of a Holder, furnish or cause to be furnished to such Holder a certificate setting forth (i) such adjustments and readjustments; (ii) the Exercise Price then in effect; and (iii) the number of shares of

Common Stock and the amount, if any, of other securities, cash or property which then would be received upon the exercise of this Warrant.

(b) Notice of Corporate Action. If at any time during the Exercise Period:

(i) the Company shall take a record of the holders of its Common Stock for the purpose of entitling them to receive a dividend (other than a cash dividend payable out of earnings or earned surplus legally available for the payment of dividends under the laws of the jurisdiction of incorporation of the Company) or other distribution, or any right to subscribe for or purchase any evidences of its indebtedness, any shares of stock of any class or any other securities or property, or to receive any other right;

(ii) there shall be any Reorganization Event;

(iii) there shall be any voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding-up of the Company; or

(iv) there shall be any other event that would result in an adjustment pursuant to Section 3 in the Exercise Price or the Exercise Rate;

the Company will cause to be mailed to the Holder, at least twenty (20) days (or ten (10) days in any case specified in clause (i) above) before the applicable record date or effective date hereinafter specified, and in any event no later than the date the Company provides notice of the record date, effective date or event to its other security holders or the date that its transfer books are closed in respect thereof, a notice stating (A) the date as of which the holders of Common Stock of record entitled to receive any such dividends or distributions is to be determined or (B) the date on which any such Reorganization Event, dissolution, liquidation or winding-up is expected to become effective, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of Common Stock of record will be entitled to exchange their shares of Common Stock for securities or other property, if any, deliverable upon such Reorganization Event, dissolution, liquidation or winding-up. Each such written notice shall be sufficiently given if addressed to the Holder at the last address of the Holder appearing on the books of the Company and delivered in accordance with Section 19(m). Any Holder may change such Holder’s address as shown on the books of the Company or warrant register by written notice to the Company requesting such change.

(c) Failure to Give Notice. The failure to give the notice required by Section 4(b) hereof or any defect therein shall not affect the legality or validity of any dividend or distribution, Reorganization Event, dissolution, liquidation or winding-up or the vote upon any such action.

5. TRANSFER AND EXCHANGE.

(a) Transfers. The Warrants and the Warrant Shares shall be freely transferable after the Original Issue Date, subject to compliance with all applicable laws, including, but not limited to, the Securities Act or any applicable state securities laws, and the terms and conditions hereof.

(b) Acknowledgment and Representation. The Holder, by acceptance of this Warrant, acknowledges that this Warrant and the Warrant Shares which may be issued pursuant hereto have not been registered under the Securities Act or applicable state securities laws. The Holder, by acceptance of this Warrant, represents that it is fully informed as to the applicable limitations upon any distribution or resale of the Warrant Shares under the Securities Act or any applicable state securities laws and agrees not to distribute or resell any Warrant Shares if such distribution or resale would constitute a violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities laws or would cause the issuance by the Company of the Warrant or the Warrant Shares to be in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities laws. Any exercise hereof by the Holder shall constitute a representation by the Holder that the Holder is an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501(a) promulgated under the Securities Act and that the Warrant Shares are

not being acquired with the view to, or for resale in connection with, any distribution or public offering thereof in violation of the Securities Act or applicable state securities laws.

(c) Certain Transfers. If, at the time of the surrender of this Warrant in connection with any transfer of this Warrant or the resale of the Warrant Shares, this Warrant or the Warrant Shares, as applicable, shall not be registered under the Securities Act, the Company may require, as a condition of allowing such transfer (i) that the Holder or transferee of this Warrant or the Warrant Shares, as the case may be, furnish to the Company a written opinion of counsel that is reasonably acceptable to the Company to the effect that such transfer may be made without registration under the Securities Act, (ii) that the Holder or transferee execute and deliver to the Company an investment letter in form and substance acceptable to the Company and substantially in the form attached as Exhibit C hereto and (iii) that the transferee be an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501(a) promulgated under the Securities Act.

(d) Expenses. If the Holder proposes to transfer the Warrant in accordance with the terms and conditions hereof, then the Holder shall be responsible for any reasonable expenses incurred by the Company in connection with such transfer.

(e) Mechanics of Transfer. Subject to the foregoing, this Warrant may be transferred and assigned upon surrender of this Warrant to the Company at its principal office or to the Company’s agent at its office, with the warrant Assignment Form substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit D (the “Assignment Form”) duly completed and signed, and accompanied by funds sufficient to pay any transfer tax, except that no transfer or assignment of this Warrant may be made unless the transferee has agreed in writing for the benefit of the Company to be bound by the provisions of this Section 5, to the extent this Section 5 is then applicable. Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall as promptly as practicable, and in any event within five (5) Business Days, execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in the name of the assignee or assignees named in such Assignment Form, and in the denomination specified therein, and shall issue to and in the name of the Holder that is the transferor or assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not so transferred or assigned, and this Warrant shall promptly be cancelled. Following a transfer that complies with the requirements of this Section 5, the Warrant may be exercised by a new Holder for the purchase of shares of Common Stock regardless of whether the Company issued or registered a new Warrant on the books of the Company.

(f) Exchange of Warrants. This Warrant (as well as any new or replacement Warrants in respect hereof) is exchangeable, upon the surrender by the Holder hereof, at the principal office of the Company for any number of new Warrants of like terms, tenor and date representing in the aggregate the right to subscribe for and purchase the number of shares of Common Stock of the Company which may be subscribed for and purchased hereunder. This Warrant may be divided or combined with other Warrants upon presentation hereof at the principle office or agency of the Company, together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new Warrants are to be issued, signed by the Holder or its agent or attorney. Subject to compliance with Sections 5(b) and (c) as to any transfer which may be involved in such division or combination, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in exchange for the Warrant or Warrants to be divided or combined in accordance with such notice and Sections 5(b) and (c). The Company shall prepare, issue and deliver at its own expense the new Warrant or Warrants under this Section 5. The Company agrees to maintain, at its aforesaid office or agency, books for the registration and the registration of transfer of the Warrants.

6. REPRESENTATIONS.

(a) Representations by the Company. The Company hereby represents and warrants as of the date hereof as follows:

(i) the Company is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of Delaware. The Company has all requisite corporate power and authority to execute and deliver this Warrant and to perform its obligations hereunder; and

(ii) the Company represents that all corporate actions on the part of the Company, its officers, directors, and stockholders necessary for the sale and issuance of this Warrant have been taken. This Warrant has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company, and constitutes its valid and legally binding obligation, enforceable in accordance with its terms.

(b) Representations by the Holder. The Holder hereby represents and warrants as follows:

(i) this Warrant and the right to acquire the Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of the Holder’s rights contained herein will be acquired for investment for the Holder’s own account and not with a view to the resale or distribution of any part thereof, and the Holder has no present intention of selling, granting any participation in, or otherwise distributing the same;

(ii) the Holder does not have any contract, undertaking, agreement or arrangement with any person to sell, transfer or grant participations to such person or to any third person, with respect to this Warrant or any of the Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of the Holder’s rights contained herein; and

(iii) the Holder is an “accredited investor” as that term is defined in Rule 501(a) of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act.

7. TAXES. The Company will pay all documentary stamp taxes attributable to the initial issuance of Warrant Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant. The issue of stock certificates upon exercise of this Warrant shall be made without charge to the Holder for any tax or other cost incurred by the Company in respect of any such issue; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to pay any tax or taxes which may be payable in respect of any transfer involved in the issuance of any Warrant certificates or any certificates for Warrant Shares in a name other than that of the registered holder of a Warrant certificate surrendered upon the exercise of a Warrant, and the Company shall not be required to issue or deliver such Warrant certificates unless or until the person or persons requesting the issuance thereof shall have paid to the Company the amount of such tax or shall have established to the satisfaction of the Company that such tax has been paid.

8. LEGEND. Each certificate representing Warrant Shares (unless registered under the Securities Act) shall bear a legend substantially in the following form:

“THE SHARES REPRESENTED HEREBY HAVE BEEN ACQUIRED FOR INVESTMENT, HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR REGISTERED OR QUALIFIED UNDER ANY STATE SECURITIES OR “BLUE SKY” LAWS OF ANY JURISDICTION. SUCH SHARES MAY NOT BE OFFERED, SOLD, ENCUMBERED OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED, UNLESS THE REGISTRATION PROVISIONS OF SAID ACT AND REGISTRATION, QUALIFICATION AND FILING REQUIREMENTS OF ALL APPLICABLE JURISDICTIONS HAVE BEEN COMPLIED WITH OR UNLESS THE COMPANY HAS RECEIVED AN OPINION OF ITS COUNSEL OR LEGAL COUNSEL REASONABLY SATISFACTORY TO THE COMPANY THAT SUCH REGISTRATION AND QUALIFICATION ARE NOT REQUIRED.”

The foregoing legend shall be removed from the certificates representing any Warrant Shares, at the request of the Holder thereof, at such time as (i) they become eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144 without restriction under the Securities Act or (ii) the Company shall have received either an opinion of counsel or a “no-action” letter from the SEC to the effect that any transfer of the Warrant Shares represented by such certificates will not violate the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws.

against impairment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company will (a) not increase the par value of any shares of Common Stock receivable upon the exercise of this Warrant above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately prior to such increase in par value, (b) take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable shares of Common Stock upon the exercise of this Warrant, and (c) use its reasonable best efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof as may be necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Warrant. Upon the request of the Holder, the Company will at any time during the Exercise Period acknowledge in writing, in form satisfactory to the Holder, the continuing validity of this Warrant and the obligations of the Company hereunder.

10. STOCK FULLY PAID. The Company covenants that the Warrant Shares, when issued pursuant to the exercise of any Warrant, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free from all taxes, liens, charges and security interests, and other encumbrances or restrictions on sale, and free of all preemptive rights.

11. RESERVATION OF STOCK.

(a) The Company shall at all times during the Exercise Period reserve and keep available, free from preemptive rights and solely for issuance and delivery pursuant to this Warrant, out of the aggregate of its authorized but unissued Common Stock or its authorized and issued Common Stock held in its treasury, for the purpose of enabling it to satisfy any obligation to issue Warrant Shares upon exercise of this Warrant, the maximum number of shares of Common Stock which may then be deliverable upon the exercise of the Warrant in full (without regard to any ownership limitations provided in Section 11(c)).

(b) The Company or, if appointed, the transfer agent for the Common Stock (the “Transfer Agent”) and every subsequent transfer agent for any shares of the Company’s capital stock issuable upon the exercise of this Warrant will be irrevocably authorized and directed at all times during the Exercise Period to reserve such number of authorized shares as shall be required for such purpose. The Company will keep a copy of this Warrant on file with the Transfer Agent and with every subsequent transfer agent for any shares of the Company’s capital stock issuable upon the exercise of the Warrant. The Company will supply such Transfer Agent with duly executed certificates for such purposes and will provide or otherwise make available any cash which may be payable as provided in Section 2(f). The Company will furnish such Transfer Agent a copy of all notices of adjustments and certificates related thereto transmitted to each Holder pursuant to Sections 4 and 18 hereof.

(c) The Company shall obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof as may be necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations hereunder, including before taking any action which would result in an adjustment in the number of shares of Common Stock for which this Warrant is exercisable or in the Exercise Price. The Company shall not take any action reasonably within its control, including the hiring of a broker to solicit exercises, which would render unavailable an exemption from registration under the Securities Act which might otherwise be available with respect to the issuance of Warrant Shares upon exercise of the Warrant. If any shares of Common Stock required to be reserved for issuance upon exercise of Warrants require registration or qualification with any governmental authority under any federal or state law before such shares may be so issued (other than as a result of a prior or contemplated distribution by the Holder of this Warrant), the Company will in good faith and as expeditiously as possible and at its expense endeavor to cause such shares to be duly registered. In the event the Company is prohibited at any time during the Exercise Period from issuing Warrant Shares as a result of any restrictions or prohibitions under applicable law or the rules or regulations of any stock exchange, interdealer quotation system or other self-regulatory organization, the Company shall as soon as possible seek the approval of its stockholders and take such other action to authorize the issuance of the full number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant.

satisfactory indemnification, and upon surrender and cancellation of this Warrant if mutilated, the Company or its agent shall, at the Company’s expense, execute and deliver a new Warrant of like tenor and date to the Holder in exchange for this Warrant.

13. OBTAINING STOCK EXCHANGE LISTINGS. During the Exercise Period the Company will from time to time take all action which may be necessary so that the Warrant Shares, immediately upon their issuance upon the exercise of the Warrant, will be listed on the principal securities exchanges and markets within the U.S. on which other shares of Common Stock are then listed. In the event that, at any time during the Exercise Period, the Common Stock is not listed on any principal securities exchanges or markets within the U.S., the Company will use its reasonable best efforts to permit the Warrant Shares to be designated PORTAL securities in accordance with the rules and regulations adopted by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority relating to trading in the Private Offering, Resale and Trading through Automated Linkages market.

14. REGISTRY. The Company will register this Warrant in the Warrant register in the name of the record holder to whom it has been distributed or assigned in accordance with the terms hereof. The Company may deem and treat the registered Holder of this Warrant as the absolute owner hereof (notwithstanding any notation of ownership or other writing hereon made by anyone) for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder and for all other purposes, and the Company shall not be affected by any notice to the contrary.

15. NO RIGHTS AS STOCKHOLDER. The Holder shall not, by virtue hereof, and until the Warrant shall have been exercised and the Warrant Shares purchasable upon the exercise hereof shall have become deliverable, in each case as provided herein, be entitled to any rights of a stockholder in the Company, either at law or in equity, and the rights of the Holder are limited to those expressed in this Warrant and the Investor Rights Agreement.

16. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY. No provision hereof, in the absence of affirmative action by the Holder to purchase shares of Common Stock, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the Holder hereof, shall give rise to any liability of the Holder for the purchase price of any Common Stock, whether such liability is asserted by the Company or by creditors of the Company.

17. NONWAIVER AND EXPENSES. No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of the Holder shall operate as a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder’s rights, powers or remedies. If the Company fails to make, when due, any payments provided for hereunder, or fails to comply with any other provision of this Warrant, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts as shall be sufficient to cover any third party costs and expenses including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys’ fees, including those of appellate proceedings, incurred by the Holder in collecting any amounts due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.

18. OFFICER’S CERTIFICATES. Whenever the number of Warrant Shares that may be purchased on exercise of this Warrant or the Exercise Price is adjusted as required by the provisions of Section 3 hereof, the Company will forthwith file in the custody of its Secretary (or its equivalent) at its principal office and at the office of its agent an officer’s certificate showing the adjusted number of Warrant Shares that may be purchased at the Exercise Price on the exercise of this Warrant and the adjusted Exercise Price determined as herein provided, setting forth in reasonable detail the facts requiring such adjustment and the manner of computing such adjustment. Each such officer’s certificate shall be signed by the Chief Executive Officer, President or Chief Financial Officer of the Company. Each such officer’s certificate shall be made available at all reasonable times for inspection by the Holder. The Company shall, forthwith after each such adjustment, cause such certificate to be mailed to the Holder.

19. MISCELLANEOUS.

respect to any amendment hereto shall be made by the Holders of Warrants exercisable for a majority of the unissued Warrant Shares, provided that no amendment may change the Exercise Price without the written consent of the Holders of all of the Warrants.

(b) Other Rights. The registration rights and all other rights of the Initial Holder with respect to the Common Stock provided for under the Investor Rights Agreement and the Investment Agreement shall also extend and apply with respect to any and all Warrant Shares issued upon the exercise of this Warrant to the Initial Holder, or any other Holder if and to the same extent as the rights under the Investor Rights Agreement and Investment Agreement are transferable or assignable, if so transferred or assigned.

(c) Assignment; Successors. This Warrant shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and assigns of the Company and the Holder. The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of all Holders from time to time of this Warrant, and shall be enforceable by any such Holder.

(d) Specific Performance. The parties hereto agree that irreparable damage would occur in the event any provision of this Warrant were not performed in accordance with the terms hereof and that the parties shall be entitled to specific performance of the terms hereof, in addition to any other remedy at law or equity.

(e) Governing Law. This Warrant shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York applicable to contracts executed in and to be performed in that State (other than those provisions set forth herein that are required to be governed by the DGCL). All actions and proceedings arising out of or relating to this Warrant shall be heard and determined exclusively in any New York state or federal court sitting in The City of New York. The parties hereto hereby (a) submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of any state or federal court sitting in The City of New York for the purpose of any Action arising out of or relating to this Warrant brought by any party hereto, and (b) irrevocably waive, and agree not to assert by way of motion, defense, or otherwise, in any such Action, any claim that it is not subject personally to the jurisdiction of the above-named courts, that its property is exempt or immune from attachment or execution, that the Action is brought in an inconvenient forum, that the venue of the Action is improper, or that this Warrant or the transactions contemplated hereby may not be enforced in or by any of the above-named courts.

(f) Waiver of Jury Trial. Each of the parties hereto hereby waives to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law any right it may have to a trial by jury with respect to any litigation directly or indirectly arising out of, under or in connection with this Warrant or the transactions contemplated hereby. Each of the parties hereto (i) certifies that no representative, agent or attorney of any other party has represented, expressly or otherwise, that such other party would not, in the event of litigation, seek to enforce that foregoing waiver and (ii) acknowledges that it and the other party hereto have been induced to enter into this Warrant and the transactions contemplated hereby, as applicable, by, among other things, the mutual waivers and certifications in this Section 19(f).

(g) Headings. The descriptive headings contained in this Warrant are included for convenience of reference only and shall not affect in any way the meaning or interpretation of this Warrant.

(h) Severability. If any term or other provision of this Warrant is invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced by any rule of law, or public policy, all other conditions and provisions of this Warrant shall nevertheless remain in full force and effect so long as the economic or legal substance of the transactions contemplated hereby is not affected in any manner adverse to any party. Upon such determination that any term or other provision is invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced, the parties hereto shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Warrant so as to effect the original intent of the parties as closely as possible in a mutually acceptable manner in order that the transactions contemplated hereby be consummated as originally contemplated to the fullest extent possible.

Said rights and remedies are given in addition to any other rights the parties may have by law, statute, ordinance or otherwise.

(j) Construction. Each party hereto acknowledges and agrees it has had the opportunity to draft, review and edit the language of this Warrant and that no presumption for or against any party arising out of drafting all or any part of this Warrant will be applied in any dispute relating to, in connection with or involving this Warrant. Accordingly, the parties hereto hereby waive the benefit of any rule of Law or any legal decision that would require, in cases of uncertainty, that the language of a contract should be interpreted most strongly against the party who drafted such language.

(k) Rights and Obligations Survive Exercise of Warrant. Unless otherwise provided herein, the rights and obligations of the Company, of any Holder, and of any holder of the Warrant Shares issued upon exercise of this Warrant shall survive the exercise of this Warrant.

(l) Counterparts. This Warrant may be executed and delivered (including by facsimile transmission) in one or more counterparts, and by the different parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when executed shall be deemed to be an original but all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement.

(m) Notices. All notices, requests, claims, demands and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be given (and shall be deemed to have been duly given upon receipt) by delivery in person, by overnight courier, by facsimile upon written confirmation of delivery or by registered or certified mail (postage prepaid, return receipt requested) to the respective parties at the following addresses (or at such other address for a party as shall be specified in a notice given in accordance with this Section 19(m)):

If to the Initial Holder, at:

United Energy Group Limited

▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇

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Attention: ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇, Executive Director

Facsimile: ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇

with a copy to:

Shearman & Sterling LLP

12^th Floor Gloucester Tower

The Landmark, ▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇

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Attention: ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇

Facsimile: ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇

If to the Company, at:

Transmeridian Exploration Incorporated

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Attention: Chief Financial Officer

Facsimile: ▇▇ ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇

with a copy to:

Akin Gump ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇ LLP

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Attention: ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇ III

Facsimile: ▇▇ ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇

If to any Holder (besides the Initial Holder), at its last known address appearing on the books of the Company maintained for such purpose or at such other address as may be substituted by notice given as herein provided.

[Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank; Signatures Follow]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has duly caused this Warrant to be signed and attested by its duly authorized officer and to be dated as of , 2008.


TRANSMERIDIAN EXPLORATION INCORPORATED

By:
		Name:
		Title:

Address:		▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇.▇.▇.


ACCEPTED AND AGREED:

By:
		Title:

Address:

EXHIBIT A

PURCHASE FORM

TO:	TRANSMERIDIAN EXPLORATION INCORPORATED Attention: [ ]

The undersigned hereby elects to purchase shares of Common Stock of Transmeridian Exploration Incorporated (the “Warrant Shares”) pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant.

The undersigned elects to exercise the attached Warrant by means of a cash payment in the amount of US$ , and tenders herewith payment in full thereof, for the purchase price of the Warrant Shares, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.

Please issue a certificate or certificates representing the Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:

(Name)

(Address)

The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that the Warrant Shares are being acquired for the account of the undersigned for investment and not with a view to, or for resale in connection with, the distribution thereof, and the undersigned has no present intention of distributing or reselling such shares.


		, a corporation

Date
		By:
		Name:
		Title:

EXHIBIT B

EXERCISE FORM

The undersigned Holder exercises the right to purchase Warrant Shares, evidenced by the enclosed Warrant and requests that the Company exchange the Warrant for the Warrant Shares as provided in Section 2(d) of the Warrant.

Date:

Holder

[Holder Name]

By:

Its:


Address:

Employer Identification Number, Social Security Number

or other tax identification number:

If the foregoing exercise is not for all of the Common Stock purchasable under the Warrant, please register and deliver a new Warrant for the unexercised portion as follows:

Name to appear on

the Warrant:

(Please Print)


Address:

Employer Identification Number, Social Security Number

or other tax identification number:

Calculation of Cashless Exercise:

X = Y (A-B)

where X = the number of Warrant Shares to be issued to the Holder.

Y = the number of Warrant Shares in respect of which this cashless exercise election.

A = the Market Price of the Common Stock as of the Exercise Date.

B = the Exercise Price in effect under the Warrant at the time the cashless exercised election is

made.

Total number of Warrant Shares issuable:

Total number of Warrant Shares to be issued:

EXHIBIT C

INVESTMENT REPRESENTATION LETTER

In connection with the acquisition of [warrants (the “Warrants”) to purchase shares of common stock of Transmeridian Exploration Incorporated (the “Company”), par value $0.0006 per share (the “Common Stock”)][ shares of common stock of Transmeridian Exploration Incorporated (the “Company”), par value $0.0006 per share (the “Common Stock”) upon the exercise of warrants by ], by (the “Holder”) from , the Holder hereby represents and warrants to the Company as follows:

The Holder (i) is an “Accredited Investor” as that term is defined in Rule 501(a) of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”); and (ii) has the ability to bear the economic risks of such Holder’s prospective investment, including a complete loss of Holder’s investment in the [Warrants and the shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise thereof] [shares of Common Stock] (collectively, the “Securities”).

The Holder, by acceptance of the [Warrants] [shares of Common Stock], represents and warrants to the Company that the [Warrants and all securities acquired upon any and all exercises of the Warrants] [shares of Common Stock] are purchased for the Holder’s own account, and not with view to distribution of either the Warrants or any securities purchasable upon exercise thereof in violation of applicable securities laws.

The Holder acknowledges that (i) the Securities have not been registered under the Act, (ii) the Securities are “restricted securities” and the certificate(s) representing the Securities shall bear the following legend, or a similar legend to the same effect, until (i) in the case of the shares of Common Stock underlying the Warrants, such shares shall have been registered for resale by the Holder under the Act and effectively been disposed of in accordance with a registration statement that has been declared effective; or (ii) in the opinion of counsel reasonably acceptable to the Company such Securities may be sold without registration under the Act:

[NEITHER] THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE [NOR THE SECURITIES INTO WHICH THEY ARE EXERCISABLE] HAVE [NOT] BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “ACT”), OR REGISTERED OR QUALIFIED UNDER ANY STATE SECURITIES OR “BLUE SKY” LAWS OF ANY JURISDICTION, AND ALL SUCH SECURITIES ARE SUBJECT TO RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFERABILITY AS SET FORTH IN THIS CERTIFICATE. [NEITHER] THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED HEREBY [NOR THE SECURITIES INTO WHICH THEY ARE EXERCISABLE] MAY [NOT] BE OFFERED, SOLD, ENCUMBERED OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED IN THE ABSENCE OF AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE ACT OR AN OPINION OF COUNSEL, REASONABLY ACCEPTABLE TO COUNSEL FOR THE COMPANY, TO THE EFFECT THAT THE PROPOSED OFFER, SALE, TRANSFER, OR DISPOSITION MAY BE EFFECTUATED WITHOUT REGISTRATION UNDER THE ACT.”

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Holder has caused this Investment Representation Letter to be executed in its corporate name by its duly authorized officer this day of 20 .


[Name]

By:
		Name:
		Title:

EXHIBIT D

ASSIGNMENT FORM

(To be signed only upon assignment or transfer of Warrant)

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the undersigned hereby sells, assigns, and transfers unto the rights represented by the attached Warrant to purchase shares of of TRANSMERIDIAN EXPLORATION INCORPORATED to which the attached Warrant relates, and appoints Attorney to transfer such right on the books of , with full power of substitution in the premises.



Dated:

(Signature must conform in all respects to name of Holder as specified on the face of the Warrant)



Address:

Signed in the presence of:

EXHIBIT 4.03(b)

Issue Date:

WARRANT

to Purchase 5,000,000 shares of Common Stock of

TRANSMERIDIAN EXPLORATION INCORPORATED

a Delaware corporation

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT: Upon payment of the Exercise Price (as defined below), UNITED ENERGY GROUP LIMITED, an exempted company with limited liability existing under the laws of Bermuda (the “Initial Holder”) is entitled to purchase from TRANSMERIDIAN EXPLORATION INCORPORATED, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), at any time and from time to time during the Exercise Period (as defined below) an aggregate of up to 5,000,000 shares of Common Stock (as defined below), in whole or in part, at the Exercise Price, all on the terms and conditions and subject to the adjustments provided for in this warrant (this “Warrant”). All capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the respective meanings ascribed thereto in the Investment Agreement (as defined below).

1. DEFINITIONS. As used in this Warrant, unless the context otherwise requires:

“Exercise Period” means the period commencing as of the Original Issue Date and ending at 5:00 PM New York time on the Expiration Date.

“Exercise Rate” means the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of the Warrant.

“Expiration Date” means the ten (10) year anniversary of the Original Issue Date, or such earlier date as all Warrants have been exercised pursuant hereto.

“Holder” means the Initial Holder and/or any registered assignee of the Initial Holder.

“Original Exercise Price” means, in respect of any share of Common Stock, $1.00 per share.

“Original Issue Date” means the one (1) year anniversary of the Closing Date.

“Other Warrants” means the warrants issued to the Initial Holder on the Closing Date pursuant to the terms of the Investment Agreement, other than this Warrant.

“Warrant Shares” at any time means the Common Stock then purchasable by the Holder upon the exercise of this Warrant.

2. EXERCISE OF WARRANT.

name of, and delivered to, the Holder, or as such Holder (upon payment by such Holder of any applicable transfer taxes) may direct:

(d) Payment of Exercise Price. Payment of the aggregate Exercise Price shall be made in either of the following forms, or at the Holder’s election, a combination thereof:

X = Y x (A-B)/A

where:


X	=	the number of Warrant Shares to be issued to the Holder.

Y	=	the number of Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant is being exercised.

A	=	the Market Price of one share of Common Stock as of the Exercise Date.

B	=	the Exercise Price.

3. ADJUSTMENTS. The Exercise Price and the number of Warrant Shares are subject to adjustment from time to time as set forth in this Section 3.

(a) Adjustment for Change in Capital Stock. If at any time during the Exercise Period the Company:

(i) pays a dividend or makes a distribution on its Common Stock in shares of its Common Stock;

(ii) subdivides its outstanding shares of Common Stock into a greater number of shares of Common Stock;

(iii) combines its outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares of Common Stock; or

(iv) issues, by reclassification of its shares of Common Stock, any shares of its capital stock; then:

(2) the Exercise Price shall be adjusted to equal:

(B) the number of shares of Common Stock into which this Warrant is exercisable immediately after such adjustment.


Exercise Price	=	(P1 * Q1)	+	(P2 * Q2)
		Q1 + Q2

where:


P1	=	the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to such issuance.
Q1	=	the number of shares of Common Stock and Common Stock Equivalents outstanding immediately prior to such issuance.


P2	=	the average price per share received by the Company upon such issuance (determined in accordance with clauses (ii) and (iii) below).
Q2	=	the number of shares of Common Stock and Common Stock Equivalents issued or sold, or deemed to have been issued or sold (in accordance with clause (iii) below) upon such issuance.

No further adjustment to the Exercise Price shall be made upon the subsequent issue of shares of Common Stock upon the exercise, conversion or exchange of any Common Stock Equivalents.

For purpose of any adjustment of the Exercise Price pursuant to this Section 3(b), the following provisions shall be applicable:

issued to, or issuable upon exercise of Common Stock Equivalents issued to, employees, directors, consultants or advisors of the Company pursuant to a plan approved by the Board; (C) shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents issued as dividends on, or otherwise pursuant to, the New Preferred Stock or pursuant to other Common Stock Equivalents outstanding at the date hereof (including the Other Warrants); (D) shares of Common Stock issued to the Initial Holder pursuant to the terms of the Investment Agreement; and (E) the Shares of Newly Issued Common Stock.

(2) the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to the record date fixed for determination of stockholders entitled to receive such distribution shall be adjusted to equal (A) the Exercise Price multiplied by the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon exercise of this Warrant immediately prior to the adjustment, divided by (B) the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon exercise of this Warrant immediately after such adjustment.

(d) Adjustment for Mergers or Reorganizations, etc.

instrument (A) the obligations to deliver to each Holder such shares of stock, securities, assets or other property as, in accordance with the foregoing provisions, such Holder may be entitled to acquire and (B) the due and punctual observance and performance of each and every covenant and condition contained in this Warrant to be performed and observed by the Company and all the obligations and liabilities hereunder, in order to provide for adjustments of shares of the Common Stock into which this Warrant is exercisable which shall be as nearly equivalent as practicable to the adjustments provided for in Section 3.

(ii) Fractional Interests. In computing adjustments under this Section 3, fractional interests in Common Stock shall be taken into account to the nearest 1/100th of a share.

(iii) When Adjustment Not Required. If the Company undertakes a transaction contemplated under this Section 3 and as a result takes a record of the holders of its Common Stock for the purpose

of entitling them to receive a dividend or distribution or subscription or purchase rights or other benefits contemplated under this Section 3 and shall, thereafter and before the distribution to stockholders thereof, legally abandon its plan to pay or deliver such dividend, distribution, subscription or purchase rights or other benefits contemplated under this Section 3, then thereafter no adjustment shall be required by reason of the taking of such record and any such adjustment previously made in respect thereof shall be rescinded and annulled.

4. NOTICES TO WARRANT HOLDERS.

(b) Notice of Corporate Action. If at any time during the Exercise Period:

(ii) there shall be any Reorganization Event;

(iii) there shall be any voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding-up of the Company; or

(iv) there shall be any other event that would result in an adjustment pursuant to Section 3 in the Exercise Price or the Exercise Rate;

5. TRANSFER AND EXCHANGE.

the warrant Assignment Form substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit D (the “Assignment Form”) duly completed and signed, and accompanied by funds sufficient to pay any transfer tax, except that no transfer or assignment of this Warrant may be made unless the transferee has agreed in writing for the benefit of the Company to be bound by the provisions of this Section 5, to the extent this Section 5 is then applicable. Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall as promptly as practicable, and in any event within five (5) Business Days, execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in the name of the assignee or assignees named in such Assignment Form, and in the denomination specified therein, and shall issue to and in the name of the Holder that is the transferor or assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not so transferred or assigned, and this Warrant shall promptly be cancelled. Following a transfer that complies with the requirements of this Section 5, the Warrant may be exercised by a new Holder for the purchase of shares of Common Stock regardless of whether the Company issued or registered a new Warrant on the books of the Company.

6. REPRESENTATIONS.

(a) Representations by the Company. The Company hereby represents and warrants as of the date hereof as follows:

(b) Representations by the Holder. The Holder hereby represents and warrants as follows:

(iii) the Holder is an “accredited investor” as that term is defined in Rule 501(a) of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act.

8. LEGEND. Each certificate representing Warrant Shares (unless registered under the Securities Act) shall bear a legend substantially in the following form:

9. NO IMPAIRMENT. The Company will not, by amendment of its certificate of incorporation or other constitutional or similar documents, through reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issuance or sale of securities or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant, but will at all times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order to protect the rights of the Holder against impairment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company will (a) not increase the par value of any shares of Common Stock receivable upon the exercise of this Warrant above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately prior to such increase in par value, (b) take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable shares of Common Stock upon the exercise of this Warrant, and (c) use its reasonable best efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof as may be necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Warrant. Upon the request of the Holder, the Company will at any time during the Exercise Period acknowledge in writing, in form satisfactory to the Holder, the continuing validity of this Warrant and the obligations of the Company hereunder.

11. RESERVATION OF STOCK.

authorized but unissued Common Stock or its authorized and issued Common Stock held in its treasury, for the purpose of enabling it to satisfy any obligation to issue Warrant Shares upon exercise of this Warrant, the maximum number of shares of Common Stock which may then be deliverable upon the exercise of the Warrant in full (without regard to any ownership limitations provided in Section 11(c)).

12. LOSS OR MUTILATION. Upon receipt by the Company or its agent of evidence reasonably satisfactory to it of the loss, theft or destruction of this Warrant, and if requested by the Company, of reasonably satisfactory indemnification, and upon surrender and cancellation of this Warrant if mutilated, the Company or its agent shall, at the Company’s expense, execute and deliver a new Warrant of like tenor and date to the Holder in exchange for this Warrant.

ownership or other writing hereon made by anyone) for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder and for all other purposes, and the Company shall not be affected by any notice to the contrary.

19. MISCELLANEOUS.

(a) Amendments. The terms of this Warrant may be amended, and the observance of any term herein may be waived, but only with the written consent of the Holder and the Company. If at any time during the Exercise Period this Warrant is split into multiple Warrants, any consent to be given by the Holder with respect to any amendment hereto shall be made by the Holders of Warrants exercisable for a majority of the unissued Warrant Shares, provided that no amendment may change the Exercise Price without the written consent of the Holders of all of the Warrants.

shall be entitled to specific performance of the terms hereof, in addition to any other remedy at law or equity.

(g) Headings. The descriptive headings contained in this Warrant are included for convenience of reference only and shall not affect in any way the meaning or interpretation of this Warrant.

(i) Cumulative Remedies. The rights and remedies provided by this Warrant are cumulative and the use of any one right or remedy by any party shall not preclude or waive its right to use any or all other remedies. Said rights and remedies are given in addition to any other rights the parties may have by law, statute, ordinance or otherwise.

If to the Initial Holder, at:

United Energy Group Limited

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Attention: ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇, Executive Director

Facsimile: ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇

with a copy to:

Shearman & Sterling LLP 12^th Floor Gloucester Tower

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Facsimile: ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇

If to the Company, at:

Transmeridian Exploration Incorporated

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Attention: Chief Financial Officer

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with a copy to:

Akin Gump ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇ LLP

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▇.▇.▇. Attention: ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇ III

Facsimile: ▇▇ ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇

[Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank; Signatures Follow]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has duly caused this Warrant to be signed and attested by its duly authorized officer and to be dated as of , 2008.


TRANSMERIDIAN EXPLORATION INCORPORATED

By:
		Name: Title:



Address:		▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇.▇.▇.

ACCEPTED AND AGREED:




By:
		Title:

Address:

EXHIBIT A

PURCHASE FORM

TO:	TRANSMERIDIAN EXPLORATION INCORPORATED Attention: [ ]

The undersigned hereby elects to purchase shares of Common Stock of Transmeridian Exploration Incorporated (the “Warrant Shares”) pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant.

Please issue a certificate or certificates representing the Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:



		(Name)




		(Address)

EXHIBIT B

EXERCISE FORM

Date:

Holder

[Holder Name]

By:

Its:




				Address:

Employer Identification Number, Social Security Number

or other tax identification number:

If the foregoing exercise is not for all of the Common Stock purchasable under the Warrant, please register and deliver a new Warrant for the unexercised portion as follows:

Name to appear on

the Warrant:

(Please Print)




				Address:

Employer Identification Number, Social Security Number

or other tax identification number:

Calculation of Cashless Exercise:

X = Y (A-B)

where X = the number of Warrant Shares to be issued to the Holder.

Y = the number of Warrant Shares in respect of which this cashless exercise election.

A = the Market Price of the Common Stock as of the Exercise Date.

B = the Exercise Price in effect under the Warrant at the time the cashless exercised election is made.

Total number of Warrant Shares issuable:

Total number of Warrant Shares to be issued:

EXHIBIT C

INVESTMENT REPRESENTATION LETTER

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Holder has caused this Investment Representation Letter to be executed in its corporate name by its duly authorized officer this day of 20 .


[Name]

By:
		Name:
		Title:

EXHIBIT D

ASSIGNMENT FORM (To be signed only upon assignment or transfer of Warrant)



Dated:

(Signature must conform in all respects to name of Holder as specified on the face of the Warrant)



Address:

Signed in the presence of:

EXHIBIT 4.04(a)(ii)

Issue Date:

WARRANT

to Purchase 150,000,000 shares of Common Stock of

TRANSMERIDIAN EXPLORATION INCORPORATED

a Delaware corporation

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT: Upon payment of the Exercise Price (as defined below), UNITED ENERGY GROUP LIMITED, an exempted company with limited liability existing under the laws of Bermuda (the “Initial Holder”) is entitled to purchase from TRANSMERIDIAN EXPLORATION INCORPORATED, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), at any time and from time to time during the Exercise Period (as defined below) an aggregate of up to 150,000,000 shares of Common Stock (as defined below), in whole or in part, at the Exercise Price, all on the terms and conditions and subject to the adjustments provided for in this warrant (this “Warrant”). All capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the respective meanings ascribed thereto in the Investment Agreement (as defined below).

1. DEFINITIONS. As used in this Warrant, unless the context otherwise requires:

“Exercise Period” means the period commencing as of the Original Issue Date and ending at 5:00 PM New York time on the Expiration Date.

“Exercise Rate” means the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of the Warrant.

“Expiration Date” means the ten (10) year anniversary of the Original Issue Date, or such earlier date as all Warrants have been exercised pursuant hereto.

“Holder” means the Initial Holder and/or any registered assignee of the Initial Holder.

“Original Exercise Price” means, in respect of any share of Common Stock, $0.60 per share.

“Original Issue Date” means the one (1) year anniversary of the Closing Date.

“Other Warrants” means the warrants issued to the Initial Holder on the Closing Date pursuant to the terms of the Investment Agreement, other than this Warrant.

“Warrant Shares” at any time means the Common Stock then purchasable by the Holder upon the exercise of this Warrant.

2. EXERCISE OF WARRANT.

(d) Payment of Exercise Price. Payment of the aggregate Exercise Price shall be made in either of the following forms, or at the Holder’s election, a combination thereof:


X = Y x (A-B)/A

where:

X	=	the number of Warrant Shares to be issued to the Holder.

Y	=	the number of Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant is being exercised.

A	=	the Market Price of one share of Common Stock as of the Exercise Date.

B	=	the Exercise Price.

3. ADJUSTMENTS. The Exercise Price and the number of Warrant Shares are subject to adjustment from time to time as set forth in this Section 3.

(a) Adjustment for Change in Capital Stock. If at any time during the Exercise Period the Company:

(i) pays a dividend or makes a distribution on its Common Stock in shares of its Common Stock;

(ii) subdivides its outstanding shares of Common Stock into a greater number of shares of Common Stock;

(iii) combines its outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares of Common Stock; or

(iv) issues, by reclassification of its shares of Common Stock, any shares of its capital stock; then:

(2) the Exercise Price shall be adjusted to equal:

(B) the number of shares of Common Stock into which this Warrant is exercisable immediately after such adjustment.

Exercise Price = (P1 * Q1) + (P2 * Q2)

Q1 + Q2


where:

P1	=	the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to such issuance.

Q1	=	the number of shares of Common Stock and Common Stock Equivalents outstanding immediately prior to such issuance.

P2	=	the average price per share received by the Company upon such issuance (determined in accordance with clauses (ii) and (iii) below).

Q2	=	the number of shares of Common Stock and Common Stock Equivalents issued or sold, or deemed to have been issued or sold (in accordance with clause (iii) below) upon such issuance.

No further adjustment to the Exercise Price shall be made upon the subsequent issue of shares of Common Stock upon the exercise, conversion or exchange of any Common Stock Equivalents.

For purpose of any adjustment of the Exercise Price pursuant to this Section 3(b), the following provisions shall be applicable:

(d) Adjustment for Mergers or Reorganizations, etc.

Holder. The Company shall not effect any Reorganization Event unless, prior to the consummation thereof, the successor or surviving entity (if other than the Company) and, if an entity different from the successor or surviving entity, the entity whose stock, securities, assets or other property the holders of Common Stock are entitled to receive as a result of such Reorganization Event, assumes by written instrument (A) the obligations to deliver to each Holder such shares of stock, securities, assets or other property as, in accordance with the foregoing provisions, such Holder may be entitled to acquire and (B) the due and punctual observance and performance of each and every covenant and condition contained in this Warrant to be performed and observed by the Company and all the obligations and liabilities hereunder, in order to provide for adjustments of shares of the Common Stock into which this Warrant is exercisable which shall be as nearly equivalent as practicable to the adjustments provided for in Section 3.

(ii) Fractional Interests. In computing adjustments under this Section 3, fractional interests in Common Stock shall be taken into account to the nearest 1/100th of a share.

4. NOTICES TO WARRANT HOLDERS.

(b) Notice of Corporate Action. If at any time during the Exercise Period:

(ii) there shall be any Reorganization Event;

(iii) there shall be any voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding-up of the Company; or

(iv) there shall be any other event that would result in an adjustment pursuant to Section 3 in the Exercise Price or the Exercise Rate;

determined or (B) the date on which any such Reorganization Event, dissolution, liquidation or winding-up is expected to become effective, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of Common Stock of record will be entitled to exchange their shares of Common Stock for securities or other property, if any, deliverable upon such Reorganization Event, dissolution, liquidation or winding-up. Each such written notice shall be sufficiently given if addressed to the Holder at the last address of the Holder appearing on the books of the Company and delivered in accordance with Section 19(m). Any Holder may change such Holder’s address as shown on the books of the Company or warrant register by written notice to the Company requesting such change.

5. TRANSFER AND EXCHANGE.

in the name of the assignee or assignees named in such Assignment Form, and in the denomination specified therein, and shall issue to and in the name of the Holder that is the transferor or assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not so transferred or assigned, and this Warrant shall promptly be cancelled. Following a transfer that complies with the requirements of this Section 5, the Warrant may be exercised by a new Holder for the purchase of shares of Common Stock regardless of whether the Company issued or registered a new Warrant on the books of the Company.

6. REPRESENTATIONS.

(a) Representations by the Company. The Company hereby represents and warrants as of the date hereof as follows:

(b) Representations by the Holder. The Holder hereby represents and warrants as follows:

(iii) the Holder is an “accredited investor” as that term is defined in Rule 501(a) of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act.

payable in respect of any transfer involved in the issuance of any Warrant certificates or any certificates for Warrant Shares in a name other than that of the registered holder of a Warrant certificate surrendered upon the exercise of a Warrant, and the Company shall not be required to issue or deliver such Warrant certificates unless or until the person or persons requesting the issuance thereof shall have paid to the Company the amount of such tax or shall have established to the satisfaction of the Company that such tax has been paid.

8. LEGEND. Each certificate representing Warrant Shares (unless registered under the Securities Act) shall bear a legend substantially in the following form:

11. RESERVATION OF STOCK.

19. MISCELLANEOUS.

arising out of or relating to this Warrant brought by any party hereto, and (b) irrevocably waive, and agree not to assert by way of motion, defense, or otherwise, in any such Action, any claim that it is not subject personally to the jurisdiction of the above-named courts, that its property is exempt or immune from attachment or execution, that the Action is brought in an inconvenient forum, that the venue of the Action is improper, or that this Warrant or the transactions contemplated hereby may not be enforced in or by any of the above-named courts.

(g) Headings. The descriptive headings contained in this Warrant are included for convenience of reference only and shall not affect in any way the meaning or interpretation of this Warrant.

If to the Initial Holder, at:

United Energy Group Limited

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Attention: ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇, Executive Director

Facsimile: ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇

with a copy to:

Shearman & Sterling LLP

12^th Floor Gloucester Tower

The Landmark, ▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇

▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇

Attention: ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇

Facsimile: ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇

If to the Company, at:

Transmeridian Exploration Incorporated

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Attention: Chief Financial Officer

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with a copy to:

Akin Gump ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇ LLP

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Attention: ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇ III

Facsimile: ▇▇ ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇

[Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank; Signatures Follow]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has duly caused this Warrant to be signed and attested by its duly authorized officer and to be dated as of , 2008.


TRANSMERIDIAN EXPLORATION INCORPORATED

By:
		Name:
		Title:

Address:

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ACCEPTED AND AGREED:

By:
		Title:

Address:

EXHIBIT A

PURCHASE FORM

TO:	TRANSMERIDIAN EXPLORATION INCORPORATED Attention: [ ]

The undersigned hereby elects to purchase shares of Common Stock of Transmeridian Exploration Incorporated (the “Warrant Shares”) pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant.

Please issue a certificate or certificates representing the Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:



		(Name)




		(Address)


		, a corporation

Date
		By:
		Name:
		Title:

EXHIBIT B

EXERCISE FORM

Date:

Holder

[Holder Name]

By:

Its:




		Address:

Employer Identification Number, Social Security Number

or other tax identification number:

If the foregoing exercise is not for all of the Common Stock purchasable under the Warrant, please register and deliver a new Warrant for the unexercised portion as follows:

Name to appear on

the Warrant:

(Please Print)




		Address:

Employer Identification Number, Social Security Number

or other tax identification number:

Calculation of Cashless Exercise:


		X = Y (A-B)
		A

where X = the number of Warrant Shares to be issued to the Holder.

Y = the number of Warrant Shares in respect of which this cashless exercise election.

A = the Market Price of the Common Stock as of the Exercise Date.

B = the Exercise Price in effect under the Warrant at the time the cashless exercised election is

made.

Total number of Warrant Shares issuable:

Total number of Warrant Shares to be issued:

EXHIBIT C

INVESTMENT REPRESENTATION LETTER

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Holder has caused this Investment Representation Letter to be executed in its corporate name by its duly authorized officer this day of 20 .


[Name]

By:
		Name:
		Title:

EXHIBIT D

ASSIGNMENT FORM

(To be signed only upon assignment or transfer of Warrant)



Dated:

(Signature must conform in all respects to name of Holder as specified on the face of the Warrant)



Address:

Signed in the presence of:

EXHIBIT 4.04(a)(iii)

Issue Date:

WARRANT

to Purchase 75,000,000 shares of Common Stock of

TRANSMERIDIAN EXPLORATION INCORPORATED

a Delaware corporation

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT: Upon payment of the Exercise Price (as defined below), UNITED ENERGY GROUP LIMITED, an exempted company with limited liability existing under the laws of Bermuda (the “Initial Holder”) is entitled to purchase from TRANSMERIDIAN EXPLORATION INCORPORATED, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), at any time and from time to time during the Exercise Period (as defined below) an aggregate of up to 75,000,000 shares of Common Stock (as defined below), in whole or in part, at the Exercise Price, all on the terms and conditions and subject to the adjustments provided for in this warrant (this “Warrant”). All capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the respective meanings ascribed thereto in the Investment Agreement (as defined below).