THE RAM FUNDS
AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST
DECEMBER 20, 2007
THE RAM FUNDS
AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST
PAGE
----
ARTICLE I. NAME AND DEFINITIONS...........................................1
Section 1.1 Name...........................................................1
Section 1.2 Definitions....................................................1
(a) "Trust"...............................................1
(b) "Trustees"............................................1
(c) "Shares"..............................................1
(d) "Series"..............................................1
(e) "Shareholder".........................................2
(f) "1940 Act"............................................2
(g) "Commission"..........................................2
(h) "Declaration of Trust"................................2
(i) "Bylaws"..............................................2
(j) "Class" ..............................................2
ARTICLE II. PURPOSE OF TRUST...............................................2
ARTICLE III. THE TRUSTEES...................................................2
Section 3.1 Number, Designation, Election, Term, etc.......................2
(a) Initial Trustees......................................2
(b) Number................................................2
(c) Term..................................................2
(d) Resignation and Retirement............................3
(e) Mandatory Retirement..................................3
(f) Removal...............................................3
(g) Vacancies.............................................3
(h) Effect of Death, Resignation, etc.....................4
(i) No Accounting.........................................4
(j) Delegation of Power to Other Trustees.................4
Section 3.2 Powers of the Trustees.........................................4
(a) Investments...........................................5
(b) Disposition of Assets.................................5
(c) Ownership Powers......................................5
- i -
(d) Subscription..........................................5
(e) Form of Holding.......................................5
(f) Reorganization, etc...................................6
(g) Voting Trusts, etc....................................6
(h) Compromise............................................6
(i) Partnerships, etc.....................................6
(j) Borrowing and Security................................6
(k) Guarantees, etc.......................................6
(l) Insurance.............................................6
(m) Pensions, etc.........................................7
(n) Investment in Other Investment Companies..............7
Section 3.3 Certain Contracts..............................................7
(a) Advisory..............................................8
(b) Administration........................................8
(c) Distribution..........................................8
(d) Custodian and Depository..............................8
(e) Transfer and Dividend Disbursing Agency...............8
(f) Shareholder Servicing.................................8
(g) Legal, Accounting, Taxes and Other....................8
Section 3.4 Payment of Trust Expenses and Compensation
of Trustees....................................................9
Section 3.5 Ownership of Assets of the Trust...............................9
ARTICLE IV. SHARES........................................................10
Section 4.1 Description of Shares.........................................10
Section 4.2 Establishment and Designation of Series.......................11
(a) Assets Belonging to Series...........................11
(b) Liabilities Belonging to Series......................12
(c) Dividends............................................12
(d) Liquidation..........................................13
(e) Voting...............................................14
(f) Redemption by Shareholder............................14
(g) Redemption by Trust..................................14
(h) Net Asset Value......................................15
- ii -
(i) Transfer.............................................15
(j) Equality.............................................15
(k) Fractions............................................15
(l) Conversion Rights....................................16
Section 4.3 Ownership of Shares...........................................16
Section 4.4 Investments in the Trust......................................16
Section 4.5 No Preemptive Rights..........................................16
Section 4.6 Status of Shares and Limitation of Personal
Liability.....................................................16
ARTICLE V. SHAREHOLDERS' VOTING POWERS AND MEETINGS......................17
ARTICLE VI. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY; INDEMNIFICATION......................17
Section 6.1 Trustees, Shareholders, etc. Not Personally
Liable; Notice................................................17
Section 6.2 Trustee's or Officer's Good Faith Action; Expert Advice;
No Bond or Surety.............................................18
Section 6.3 Indemnification of Shareholders...............................19
Section 6.4 Indemnification of Trustees, Officers, etc....................19
Section 6.5 Advances of Expenses..........................................19
Section 6.6 Indemnification Not Exclusive, etc............................19
Section 6.7 Liability of Third Persons Dealing with
Trustees......................................................20
Section 6.8 Derivative Actions............................................20
- iii -
ARTICLE VII. MISCELLANEOUS.................................................20
Section 7.1 Duration and Termination of Trust.............................20
Section 7.2 Reorganization................................................21
Section 7.3 Amendments....................................................22
Section 7.4 Use of Names..................................................23
Section 7.5 Filing of Copies; References; Headings........................23
Section 7.6 Applicable Law................................................24
- iv -
THE RAM FUNDS
AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST
AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST made this 20th day of December, 2007,
by the Trustees hereunder, and by the holders of Shares of beneficial interest
to be issued hereunder as hereinafter provided.
WITNESSETH:
WHEREAS, this Trust is being formed to carry on the business of an
investment company; and
WHEREAS, the Trustees have agreed to manage all property coming into their
hands as trustees of an Ohio business trust in accordance with the provisions
hereinafter set forth;
NOW, THEREFORE, the Trustees hereby declare that they will hold all cash,
securities and other assets which they may from time to time acquire in any
manner as Trustees hereunder IN TRUST to manage and dispose of the same upon the
following terms and conditions for the benefit of the holders from time to time
of shares of beneficial interest in this Trust as hereinafter set forth.
ARTICLE I
NAME AND DEFINITIONS
SECTION 1.1 NAME. This Trust shall be known as "The RAM Funds" and the
Trustees shall conduct the business of the Trust under that name or any other
name as they may from time to time determine.
SECTION 1.2 DEFINITIONS. Whenever used herein, unless otherwise required
by the context or specifically provided:
(a) The "Trust" refers to the Ohio business trust established by this
Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended from time to time;
(b) "Trustees" refers to the Trustees of the Trust named herein or
elected in accordance with Article III;
(c) "Shares" refers to the transferable units of interest into which the
beneficial interest in the Trust or any Series or Class of shares of
the Trust (as the context may require) shall be divided from time to
time;
(d) "Series" refers to Series of Shares established and designated under
or in accordance with the provisions of Article IV;
1
(e) "Shareholder" means a record owner of Shares;
(f) The "1940 Act" refers to the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the
Rules and Regulations thereunder, all as amended from time to time;
(g) "Commission" shall have the meaning given it in the 1940 Act;
(h) "Declaration of Trust" shall mean this Agreement and Declaration of
Trust as amended or restated from time to time;
(i) "Bylaws" shall mean the Bylaws of the Trust as amended from time to
time; and
(j) "Class" refers to any Class of Shares established and designated
under or in accordance with the provisions of Article IV hereof.
ARTICLE II
PURPOSE OF TRUST
The purpose of the Trust is to operate as an investment company, to offer
Shareholders one or more investment programs primarily in securities and
financial instruments and to engage in any and all lawful acts or activities for
which business trusts may be formed under Chapter 1746.01 through 1746.99 of the
Ohio Revised Code. Until the Trustees determine otherwise, the Trust will
maintain an office within Ohio located at ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇,
▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇.
ARTICLE III
THE TRUSTEES
SECTION 3.1 NUMBER, DESIGNATION, ELECTION, TERM, ETC.
(a) INITIAL TRUSTEES. Upon execution of this Declaration of Trust or a
counterpart hereof or some other writing in which he accepts such
Trusteeship and agrees to the provisions hereof, ▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇
shall become a Trustee hereof.
(b) NUMBER. The Trustees serving as such, whether named above or
hereafter becoming a Trustee, may increase or decrease the number of
Trustees to a number other than the number theretofore determined.
No decrease in the number of Trustees shall have the effect of
removing any Trustee from office prior to the expiration of his
term, but the number of Trustees may be decreased in conjunction
with the removal of a Trustee pursuant to subsection (f) of this
Section 3.1.
(c) TERM. Subject to the provisions set forth below, and subject to the
applicable provisions of the 1940 Act, each Trustee shall serve as a
Trustee during the lifetime
2
of the Trust and until its termination as hereinafter provided or
until such Trustee sooner dies, resigns, retires or is removed or
the election and qualification of his successor, provided however
that any Trustee who has served to the end of his term of office as
has been established pursuant to any written policy adopted from
time to time by a majority of the Trustees shall, automatically and
without action of such Trustee or the remaining Trustees, be deemed
to have retired in accordance with the terms of such policy,
effective as of the date determined in accordance with such policy.
The Trustees may elect their own successors and may, pursuant to
Section 3.1(g) hereof, appoint Trustees to fill vacancies.
(d) RESIGNATION AND RETIREMENT. Any Trustee may resign his trust or
retire as a Trustee, by written instrument signed by him and
delivered to the other Trustees or to any officer of the Trust, and
such resignation or retirement shall take effect upon such delivery
or upon such later date as is specified in such instrument.
(e) MANDATORY RETIREMENT. Any Trustee who has attained a mandatory
retirement age established pursuant to any written policy adopted
from time to time by a majority of the Trustees shall, automatically
and without action of such Trustee or the remaining Trustees, be
deemed to have retired in accordance with the terms of such policy,
effective as of the date determined in accordance with such policy.
(f) REMOVAL. Any Trustee may be removed with or without cause at any
time: (i) by written instrument, signed by at least two-thirds of
the number of Trustees prior to such removal, specifying the date
upon which such removal shall become effective, (ii) by vote of the
Shareholders holding not less than two-thirds of the Shares then
outstanding, cast in person or by proxy at any meeting called for
the purpose, or (iii) by a declaration in writing signed by
Shareholders holding not less than two-thirds of the Shares then
outstanding and filed with the Trust's Custodian.
(g) VACANCIES. Any vacancy or anticipated vacancy resulting from any
reason, including without limitation, the death, resignation,
retirement, removal or incapacity of any of the Trustees or
resulting from an increase in the number of Trustees by the
Trustees, may (but so long as there are at least two remaining
Trustees, need not unless required by the ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇) be filled either
by a majority of the remaining Trustees through the appointment of
such other person as such remaining Trustees in their discretion
shall determine (unless a shareholder election is required by the
▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇) or by the election by the Shareholders, at a meeting
called for the purpose, of a person to fill such vacancy, and such
appointment or election shall be effective upon the written
acceptance of the person named therein to serve as a Trustee and
agreement by such person to be bound by the provisions of this
Declaration of Trust, except that any such appointment or election
in anticipation of a vacancy to occur by reason of retirement,
resignation, or increase in number of Trustees to be effective at a
later date shall become effective only at or after the effective
date of said retirement, resignation, or increase in number of
3
Trustees. As soon as any Trustee so appointed or elected shall have
accepted such appointment or election and shall have agreed in
writing to be bound by this Declaration of Trust and the appointment
or election is effective, the Trust estate shall vest in the new
Trustee, together with the continuing Trustees, without any further
act or conveyance.
(h) EFFECT OF DEATH, RESIGNATION, ETC. The death, resignation,
retirement, removal, or incapacity of the Trustees, or any one of
them, shall not operate to annul or terminate the Trust or to revoke
or terminate any existing agency or contract created or entered into
pursuant to the terms of this Declaration of Trust. Whenever a
vacancy in the number of Trustees shall occur, until such vacancy is
filled as provided herein, the other Trustees in office, regardless
of their number, shall have all the powers granted to the Trustees
and shall discharge all the duties imposed upon the Trustees by this
Declaration of Trust, and only such other Trustees shall be counted
for the purposes of the existence of a quorum or the taking of any
action to be taken by the Trustees. A written instrument certifying
the existence of such vacancy signed by a majority of the Trustees
shall be conclusive evidence of the existence thereof.
(i) NO ACCOUNTING. Except to the extent required by the 1940 Act or
under circumstances which would justify his removal for cause, no
person ceasing to be a Trustee as a result of his death,
resignation, retirement, removal or incapacity (nor the estate of
any such person) shall be required to make an accounting to the
Shareholders or remaining Trustees upon such cessation.
(j) DELEGATION OF POWER TO OTHER TRUSTEES. Any Trustee may, by power of
attorney, delegate his power for a period not exceeding six months
at any one time to any other Trustee or Trustees; provided that in
no case shall fewer than two Trustees personally exercise the powers
granted to the Trustees under this Declaration of Trust except as
otherwise expressly provided herein.
SECTION 3.2 POWERS OF THE TRUSTEES. Subject to the provisions of this
Declaration of Trust, the business of the Trust shall be managed by the
Trustees, and they shall have all powers necessary or convenient to carry out
that responsibility and the purpose of the Trust. Without limiting the
foregoing, the Trustees may adopt Bylaws not inconsistent with this Declaration
of Trust providing for the conduct of the business and affairs of the Trust and
may amend and repeal them to the extent that such Bylaws do not reserve that
right to the Shareholders; they may as they consider appropriate elect and
remove officers and appoint and terminate agents and consultants and hire and
terminate employees, any one or more of the foregoing of whom may be a Trustee,
and may provide for the compensation of all of the foregoing; they may appoint
from their own number, and terminate, any one or more committees consisting of
two or more Trustees, including without implied limitation an executive
committee, which may, when the Trustees are not in session and subject to the
1940 Act, exercise some or all of the power and authority of the Trustees as the
Trustees may determine; in accordance with Section 3.3 they may employ one or
more advisers,
4
administrators, depositories and custodians and may authorize any depository or
custodian to employ subcustodians or agents and to deposit all or any part of
such assets in a system or systems for the central handling of securities and
debt instruments, retain transfer, dividend, accounting or Shareholder servicing
agents or any of the foregoing, provide for the distribution of Shares by the
Trust through one or more distributors, principal underwriters or otherwise, set
record dates or times for the determination of Shareholders or various of them
with respect to various matters; they may compensate or provide for the
compensation of the Trustees, officers, advisers, administrators, custodians,
other agents, consultants and employees of the Trust or the Trustees on such
terms as they deem appropriate; and in general they may delegate to any officer
of the Trust, to any committee of the Trustees and to any employee, adviser,
administrator, distributor, principal underwriter, depository, custodian,
transfer and dividend disbursing agent, or any other agent or consultant of the
Trust such authority, powers, functions and duties as they consider desirable or
appropriate for the conduct of the business and affairs of the Trust, including
without implied limitation the power and authority to act in the name of the
Trust and of the Trustees, to sign documents and to act as attorney-in-fact for
the Trustees.
Without limiting the foregoing and to the extent not inconsistent with the
1940 Act or other applicable law, the Trustees shall have power and authority:
(a) INVESTMENTS. To purchase, sell and sell short securities of any kind
including, without limitation, common and preferred stocks, bonds,
call options, put options, futures contracts, debentures, notes,
bank certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances, mortgage-backed
securities and other debt obligations, and any certificates,
receipts, warrants or other instruments representing rights to
receive, purchase or subscribe for the same, or evidencing or
representing any other rights or interests therein; and to hold cash
or other property uninvested without in any event being bound or
limited by any present or future law or custom in regard to
investments by trustees;
(b) DISPOSITION OF ASSETS. To sell, exchange, lend, pledge, mortgage,
hypothecate, write options on and lease any or all of the assets of
the Trust;
(c) OWNERSHIP POWERS. To vote or give assent, or exercise any rights of
ownership, with respect to stock or other securities, instruments or
property; and to execute and deliver proxies or powers of attorney
to such person or persons as the Trustees shall deem proper,
granting to such person or persons such power and discretion with
relation to securities, instruments or property as the Trustees
shall deem proper;
(d) SUBSCRIPTION. To exercise powers and rights of subscription or
otherwise which in any manner arise out of ownership of securities
or debt instruments;
(e) FORM OF HOLDING. To hold any security, debt instrument or property
in a form not indicating any trust, whether in bearer, unregistered
or other negotiable form, or in
5
the name of the Trustees or of the Trust or in the name of a
custodian, subcustodian or other depository or a nominee or nominees
or otherwise;
(f) REORGANIZATION, ETC. To consent to or participate in any plan for
the reorganization, consolidation or merger of any corporation or
issuer, any security or instrument of which is or was held in the
Trust; to consent to any contract, lease, mortgage, purchase or sale
of property by such corporation or issuer, and to pay calls or
subscriptions with respect to any security or instrument held in the
Trust;
(g) VOTING TRUSTS, ETC. To join with other holders of any securities or
debt instruments in acting through a committee, depository, voting
trustee or otherwise, and in that connection to deposit any security
or debt instrument with, or transfer any security or debt instrument
to, any such committee, depository or trustee, and to delegate to
them such power and authority with relation to any security or debt
instrument (whether or not so deposited or transferred) as the
Trustees shall deem proper, and to agree to pay, and to pay, such
portion of the expenses and compensation of such committee,
depository or trustee as the Trustees shall deem proper;
(h) COMPROMISE. To pay, defend, abandon, compromise, arbitrate or
otherwise adjust claims in favor of or against the Trust or any
matter in controversy, including but not limited to claims for
taxes, and to enter into releases, agreements and other instruments;
(i) PARTNERSHIPS, ETC. To enter into joint ventures, general or limited
partnerships and any other combinations or associations;
(j) BORROWING AND SECURITY. To borrow funds and to mortgage and pledge
the assets of the Trust or any part thereof to secure obligations
arising in connection with such borrowing;
(k) GUARANTEES, ETC. To endorse or guarantee the payment of any notes or
other obligations of any person; to make contracts of guaranty or
suretyship, or otherwise assume liability for payment thereof; and
to mortgage and pledge the Trust property or any part thereof to
secure any of or all such obligations;
(l) INSURANCE. To purchase and pay for entirely out of Trust property
such insurance as they may deem necessary or appropriate for the
conduct of the business, including, without limitation, insurance
policies insuring the assets of the Trust and payment of
distributions and principal on its portfolio investments, and
insurance policies insuring the Shareholders, Trustees, officers,
employees, agents, consultants, investment advisers, managers,
administrators, distributors, principal underwriters, or independent
contractors, or any thereof (or any person connected therewith), of
the Trust individually against all claims and liabilities of every
nature arising by reason of holding, being or having held any such
office or position, or by reason of
6
any action alleged to have been taken or omitted by any such person
in any such capacity, including any action taken or omitted that may
be determined to constitute negligence; provided, however, that
insurance which protects the Trustees and officers against
liabilities rising from action involving willful misfeasance, bad
faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved
in the conduct of their offices may not be purchased;
(m) PENSIONS, ETC. To pay pensions for faithful service, as deemed
appropriate by the Trustees, and to adopt, establish and carry out
pension, profit-sharing, share bonus, share purchase, deferred
compensation, savings, thrift and other retirement, incentive and
benefit plans, trusts and provisions, including the purchasing of
life insurance and annuity contracts as a means of providing such
retirement and other benefits, for any or all of the Trustees,
officers, employees and agents of the Trust; and
(n) INVESTMENT IN OTHER INVESTMENT COMPANIES. To either invest all or a
portion of the property of the Trust or, as applicable, the property
of one or more Series of the Trust, or sell all or a portion of such
property and invest the proceeds of such sales, in one or more other
investment companies, in each case without any requirement of
approval by Shareholders, to the extent not prohibited by the 1940
Act.
Except as otherwise provided by the 1940 Act or other applicable law, this
Declaration of Trust or the Bylaws, any action to be taken by the Trustees may
be taken by a majority of the Trustees present at a meeting of Trustees (a
quorum, consisting of at least a majority of the Trustees then in office, being
present), within or without Ohio, including (to the extent permissible under the
▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇) any meeting held by means of a conference telephone or other
communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the
meeting can hear each other at the same time and participation by such means
shall constitute presence in person at a meeting, or by written consents of a
majority of the Trustees then in office (or such larger or different number as
may be required by the 1940 Act or other applicable law).
SECTION 3.3 CERTAIN CONTRACTS. Subject to compliance with the provisions
of the 1940 Act, but notwithstanding any limitations of present and future law
or custom in regard to delegation of powers by trustees generally, the Trustees
may, at any time and from time to time and without limiting the generality of
their powers and authority otherwise set forth herein, enter into one or more
contracts with any one or more corporations, limited liability companies,
trusts, associations, partnerships, limited partnerships, other type of
organizations, or individuals ("Contracting Party") to provide for the
performance and assumption of some or all of the following services, duties and
responsibilities to, for or of the Trust or any Series or Class thereof and/or
the Trustees, and to provide for the performance and assumption of such other
services, duties and responsibilities in addition to those set forth below as
the Trustees may determine appropriate:
7
(a) ADVISORY. Subject to the general supervision of the Trustees and in
conformity with the stated policy of the Trustees with respect to
the investments of the Trust or of the assets belonging to any
Series of Shares of the Trust (as that phrase is defined in
subsection (a) of Section 4.2), to manage such investments and
assets, make investment decisions with respect thereto, and to place
purchase and sale orders for portfolio transactions relating to such
investments and assets;
(b) ADMINISTRATION. Subject to the general supervision of the Trustees
and in conformity with any policies of the Trustees with respect to
the operations of the Trust, to supervise all or any part of the
operations of the Trust, and to provide all or any part of the
administrative and clerical personnel, office space and office
equipment and services appropriate for the efficient administration
and operations of the Trust;
(c) DISTRIBUTION. To distribute the Shares of the Trust, to be principal
underwriter of such Shares, and/or to act as agent of the Trust in
the sale of Shares and the acceptance or rejection of orders for the
purchase of Shares;
(d) CUSTODIAN AND DEPOSITORY. To act as depository for and to maintain
custody of the property of the Trust and accounting records in
connection therewith;
(e) TRANSFER AND DIVIDEND DISBURSING AGENCY. To maintain records of the
ownership of outstanding Shares, the issuance and redemption and the
transfer thereof, and to disburse any dividends declared by the
Trustees and in accordance with the policies of the Trustees and/or
the instructions of any particular Shareholder to reinvest any such
dividends;
(f) SHAREHOLDER SERVICING. To provide service with respect to the
relationship of the Trust and its Shareholders, records with respect
to Shareholders and their Shares, and similar matters; and
(g) LEGAL, ACCOUNTING, TAXES AND OTHER. To handle all or any part of the
legal, accounting, tax or other responsibilities, whether with
respect to the Trust's properties, Shareholders or otherwise.
The same person may be the Contracting Party for some or all of the services,
duties and responsibilities to, for and of the Trust or any Series or Class
thereof and/or the Trustees, and the contracts with respect thereto may contain
such terms interpretive of or in addition to the delineation of the services,
duties and responsibilities provided for, including provisions that are not
inconsistent with the 1940 Act relating to the standard of duty of and the
rights to indemnification of the Contracting Party and others, as the Trustees
may determine. Nothing herein shall preclude, prevent or limit the Trust or a
Contracting Party from entering into subcontractual arrangements relative to any
of the matters referred to in Sections 3.3(a) through (g) hereof.
8
Subject to the provisions of the 1940 Act, the fact that:
(i) any of the Shareholders, Trustees or officers of the Trust is a
shareholder, director, officer, partner, trustee, employee, manager,
adviser, principal underwriter or distributor or agent of or for any
Contracting Party, or of or for any parent or affiliate of any Contracting
Party or that the Contracting Party or any parent or affiliate thereof is
a Shareholder or has an interest in the Trust, or that
(ii) any Contracting Party may have a contract providing for the
rendering of any similar services to one or more other corporations,
trusts, associations, partnerships, limited partnerships or other
organizations, or has other business or interests,
shall not affect the validity of any contract for the performance and assumption
of services, duties and responsibilities to, for or of the Trust or any Series
or Class thereof and/or the Trustees or disqualify any Shareholder, Trustee or
officer of the Trust from voting upon or executing the same or create any
liability or accountability to the Trust or its Shareholders, provided that in
the case of any relationship or interest referred to in the preceding clause (i)
on the part of any Trustee or officer of the Trust either (1) the material facts
as to such relationship or interest have been disclosed to or are known by the
Trustees not having any such relationship or interest and the contract involved
is approved in good faith reasonably justified by such facts by a majority of
such Trustees not having any such relationship or interest (even though such
unrelated or disinterested Trustees are less than a quorum of all of the
Trustees), or (2) the specific contract involved is fair to the Trust as of the
time it is authorized, approved or ratified by the Trustees or by the
Shareholders.
SECTION 3.4 PAYMENT OF TRUST EXPENSES AND COMPENSATION OF TRUSTEES. The
Trustees are authorized to pay or to cause to be paid out of the principal or
income of the Trust, or partly out of principal and partly out of income, and to
charge or allocate the same to, between or among such one or more of the Series
or Classes that may be established and designated pursuant to Article IV, as the
Trustees deem fair, all expenses, fees, charges, taxes and liabilities incurred
or arising in connection with the Trust, or in connection with the management
thereof, including, but not limited to, the Trustees' compensation and such
expenses and charges for the services of the Trust's officers, employees,
investment adviser, administrator, distributor, principal underwriter, auditor,
counsel, depository, custodian, transfer agent, dividend disbursing agent,
accounting agent, Shareholder servicing agent, and such other agents,
consultants, and independent contractors and such other expenses and charges as
the Trustees may deem necessary or proper to incur. Without limiting the
generality of any other provision hereof, the Trustees shall be entitled to
reasonable compensation from the Trust for their services as Trustees and may
fix the amount of such compensation.
SECTION 3.5 OWNERSHIP OF ASSETS OF THE TRUST. Title to all of the assets
of the Trust shall at all times be considered as vested in the Trustees.
9
ARTICLE IV
SHARES
SECTION 4.1 DESCRIPTION OF SHARES. The beneficial interest in the Trust
shall be divided into Shares, all without par value, but the Trustees shall,
subject to the applicable requirements of the 1940 Act, have the authority from
time to time to divide the Shares into two or more Series of Shares, as they
deem necessary or desirable, to establish and designate such Series, and to fix
and determine the relative rights and preferences as between the different
Series of Shares as to right of redemption and the price, terms and manner of
redemption, special and relative rights as to dividends and other distributions
and on liquidation, sinking or purchase fund provisions, conversion rights, and
conditions under which the several Series shall have separate voting rights.
Except as aforesaid all Shares of the different Series shall be identical.
The Shares of each Series may be issued or reissued from time to time in
one or more Classes, as determined by the Board of Trustees pursuant to
resolution. Each Class shall be appropriately designated, prior to the issuance
of any shares thereof, by some distinguishing letter, number or title. All
Shares within a Class shall be alike in every particular. All Shares of each
Series shall be of equal rank and have the same powers, preferences and rights,
and shall be subject to the same qualifications, limitations and restrictions
without distinction between the shares of different Classes thereof, except with
respect to such differences among such Classes, as the Board of Trustees shall
from time to time determine to be necessary or desirable, including differences
in the rate or rates of dividends or distributions. The Board of Trustees may
from time to time increase the number of Shares allocated to any Class already
created by providing that any unissued Shares of the applicable Series shall
constitute part of such Class, or may decrease the number of Shares allocated to
any Class already created by providing that any unissued Shares previously
assigned to such Class shall no longer constitute part thereof. The Board of
Trustees is hereby empowered to classify or reclassify from time to time any
unissued Shares of each Series by fixing or altering the terms thereof and by
assigning such unissued shares to an existing or newly created Class.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this paragraph the Board of Trustees
is hereby empowered (i) to redesignate any issued Shares of any Series by
assigning a distinguishing letter, number or title to such shares and (ii) to
reclassify all or any part of the issued Shares of any Series to make them part
of an existing or newly created Class. The number of authorized Shares and the
number of Shares of each Series that may be issued is unlimited, and the
Trustees may issue Shares of any Series for such consideration and on such terms
as they may determine (or for no consideration if pursuant to a Share dividend
or split-up), all without action or approval of the Shareholders. All Shares
when so issued on the terms determined by the Trustees shall be fully paid and
non-assessable (but may be subject to mandatory contribution back to the Trust
as provided in subsection (g) of Section 4.2). The Trustees may classify or
reclassify any unissued Shares or any Shares previously issued and reacquired of
any Series into one or more Series that may be established and designated from
time to time. The Trustees may hold as treasury Shares (of
10
the same or some other Series), reissue for such consideration and on such terms
as they may determine, or cancel, at their discretion from time to time, any
Shares of any Series reacquired by the Trust.
The Trustees may from time to time close the transfer books or establish
record dates and times for the purposes of determining the holders of Shares
entitled to be treated as such, to the extent provided or referred to in the
Bylaws.
The establishment and designation of any Series of Shares in addition to that
established and designated in Section 4.2, or of any Class of Shares, shall be
effective (a) upon the execution by a majority of the then Trustees of an
instrument setting forth such establishment and designation and the relative
rights and preferences of such Series or Class, (b) upon the vote of a majority
of the Trustees as set forth in an instrument executed by an officer of the
Trust, or (c) otherwise or at such other time as the instrument referred to in
the foregoing clause (a) or the vote referred to in the foregoing clause (b) may
provide. At any time that there are no Shares outstanding of any particular
Series or Class previously established and designated the Trustees may by an
instrument executed by a majority of their number abolish that Series or Class
and the establishment and designation thereof. Each instrument referred to in
this paragraph shall have the status of an amendment to this Declaration of
Trust.
Any Trustee, officer or other agent of the Trust, and any organization in
which any such person is interested may acquire, own, hold and dispose of Shares
of any Series of the Trust to the same extent as if such person were not a
Trustee, officer or other agent of the Trust; and the Trust may issue and sell
or cause to be issued and sold and may purchase Shares of any Series from any
such person or any such organization subject only to the general limitations,
restrictions or other provisions applicable to the sale or purchase of Shares of
such Series generally.
SECTION 4.2 ESTABLISHMENT AND DESIGNATION OF SERIES. Without limiting the
authority of the Trustees set forth in Section 4.1 to establish and designate
any further Series, the Trustees hereby establish and designate two Series of
Shares: "RAM Capital Appreciation Fund" and "RAM Enhanced Income Fund." The
Shares of these Series and any Shares of any further Series that may from time
to time be established and designated by the Trustees shall (unless the Trustees
otherwise determine with respect to some further Series or Class at the time of
establishing and designating the same) have the following relative rights and
preferences:
(a) ASSETS BELONGING TO SERIES. All consideration received by the Trust
for the issue or sale of Shares of a particular Series, together
with all assets in which such consideration is invested or
reinvested, all income, earnings, profits, and proceeds thereof,
including any proceeds derived from the sale, exchange or
liquidation of such assets, and any funds or payments derived from
any reinvestment of such proceeds in whatever form the same may be,
shall irrevocably belong to that Series for all purposes, subject
only to the rights of creditors of such Series, and shall be so
recorded upon the books of account of the Trust. Such consideration,
assets, income, earnings, profits and proceeds thereof, including
any proceeds derived from
11
the sale, exchange or liquidation of such assets, and any funds or
payments derived from any reinvestment of such proceeds, in whatever
form the same may be, together with any General Items allocated to
that Series as provided in the following sentence, are herein
referred to as "assets belonging to" that Series. In the event that
there are any assets, incomes, earnings, profits, and proceeds
thereof, funds, or payments which are not readily identifiable as
belonging to any particular Series (collectively "General Items"),
the Trustees shall allocate such General Items to and among any one
or more of the Series established and designated from time to time
in such manner and on such basis as they, in their sole discretion,
deem fair and equitable; and any General Items so allocated to a
particular Series shall belong to that Series. Each such allocation
by the Trustees shall be conclusive and binding upon the
Shareholders of all Series for all purposes. No holder of Shares of
any particular Series shall have any claim on or right to any assets
allocated or belonging to any other Series of Shares. No holder of
Shares of any particular Series shall be entitled to participate in
a derivative or class action on behalf of any other Series or the
Shareholders of any other Series.
The Trustees shall have full discretion, to the extent not
inconsistent with the 1940 Act, to determine which items shall be
treated as income and which items as capital; and each such
determination and allocation shall be conclusive and binding upon
the Shareholders.
(b) LIABILITIES BELONGING TO SERIES. The assets belonging to each
particular Series shall be charged with the liabilities of the Trust
in respect of that Series and all expenses, costs, charges and
reserves attributable to that Series, and any general liabilities,
expenses, costs, charges or reserves of the Trust which are not
readily identifiable as belonging to any particular Series shall be
allocated and charged by the Trustees to and among any one or more
of the Series established and designated from time to time in such
manner and on such basis as the Trustees in their sole discretion
deem fair and equitable. The liabilities, expenses, costs, charges
and reserves allocated and so charged to a Series are herein
referred to as "liabilities belonging to" that Series. Each
allocation of liabilities, expenses, costs, charges and reserves by
the Trustees shall be conclusive and binding upon the holders of all
Series for all purposes. Under no circumstances shall the assets
allocated or belonging to any particular Series be charged with
liabilities attributable to any other Series. All persons who have
extended credit which has been allocated to a particular Series, or
who have a claim or contract which has been allocated to any
particular Series, shall look only to the assets of that particular
Series for payment of such credit, claim or contract.
(c) DIVIDENDS. Dividends and distributions on Shares of a particular
Series may be paid with such frequency as the Trustees may
determine, which may be daily or otherwise pursuant to a standing
resolution or resolutions adopted only once or with such frequency
as the Trustees may determine, to the holders of Shares of that
12
Series, from such of the estimated income and capital gains, accrued
or realized, from the assets belonging to that Series, as the
Trustees may determine, after providing for actual and accrued
liabilities belonging to that Series. All dividends and
distributions on Shares of a particular Series shall be distributed
pro rata to the holders of that Series in proportion to the number
of Shares of that Series held by such holders at the date and time
of record established for the payment of such dividends or
distributions, except that in connection with any dividend or
distribution program or procedure the Trustees may determine that no
dividend or distribution shall be payable on Shares as to which the
Shareholder's purchase order and/or payment have not been received
by the time or times established by the Trustees under such program
or procedure, and except that if Classes have been established for
any Series, the rate of dividends or distributions may vary among
such Classes pursuant to resolution, which may be a standing
resolution, of the Board of Trustees. Such dividends and
distributions may be made in cash or Shares or a combination thereof
as determined by the Trustees or pursuant to any program that the
Trustees may have in effect at the time for the election by each
Shareholder of the mode of the making of such dividend or
distribution to that Shareholder. Any such dividend or distribution
paid in Shares will be paid at the net asset value thereof as
determined in accordance with subsection (h) of Section 4.2.
The Trust intends to qualify each Series as a "regulated investment
company" under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or any
successor or comparable statute thereto, and regulations promulgated
thereunder. Inasmuch as the computation of net income and gains for
federal income tax purposes may vary from the computation thereof on
the books of the Trust, the Board of Trustees shall have the power,
in its sole discretion, to distribute in any fiscal year as
dividends, including dividends designated in whole or in part as
capital gains distributions, amounts sufficient, in the opinion of
the Board of Trustees, to enable each Series to qualify as a
regulated investment company and to avoid liability of the Series
for federal income tax in respect of that year. However, nothing in
the foregoing shall limit the authority of the Board of Trustees to
make distributions greater than or less than the amount necessary to
qualify as a regulated investment company and to avoid liability of
each Series for such tax.
(d) LIQUIDATION. In event of the liquidation or dissolution of a Series,
or of the Trust as a whole, the Shareholders of each Series that has
been established and designated shall be entitled to receive, as a
Series, when and as declared by the Trustees, the excess of the
assets belonging to that Series over the liabilities belonging to
that Series. The assets so distributable to the Shareholders of any
particular Series shall be distributed among such Shareholders in
proportion to the number of Shares of that Series held by them and
recorded on the books of the Trust. The liquidation of any
particular Series may be authorized by vote of a majority of the
Trustees then in office subject to the approval of a majority of the
outstanding voting Shares of that Series, as defined in the 1940
Act.
13
(e) VOTING. All shares of all Series shall have "equal voting rights" as
such term is defined in the 1940 Act and except as otherwise
provided by the 1940 Act. Shareholders entitled to vote on any
matter will have one vote for each Share owned. On each matter
submitted to a vote of the Shareholders, all Shares of all Series
shall vote as a single class ("Single Class Voting"); provided,
however, that (a) as to any matter with respect to which a separate
vote of any Series or Class is required by the 1940 Act, such
requirements as to a separate vote by that Series or Class shall
apply in lieu of Single Class Voting as described above; (b) in the
event that the separate vote requirements referred to in (a) above
apply with respect to one or more Series or Class, then, subject to
(c) below, the Shares of all other Series or Classes shall vote as a
single class; and (c) as to any matter which does not affect the
interest of a particular Series or Class, only the holders of Shares
of the one or more affected Series or Class shall be entitled to
vote.
(f) REDEMPTION BY SHAREHOLDER. Each holder of Shares of a particular
Series shall have the right at such times as may be permitted by the
Trust, but no less frequently than required by the 1940 Act, to
require the Trust to redeem all or any part of his Shares of that
Series or Class at a redemption price equal to the net asset value
per Share of that Series or Class next determined in accordance with
subsection (h) of this Section 4.2, less any applicable redemption
fee or sales charge, after the Shares are properly tendered for
redemption. Payment of the redemption price shall be made from the
assets of the applicable Series in cash; provided, however, that if
the Trustees determine, which determination shall be conclusive,
that conditions exist which make payment wholly in cash unwise or
undesirable, the Trust may make payment wholly or partly in
securities or other assets belonging to the Series of which the
Shares being redeemed are part at the value of such securities or
assets used in such determination of net asset value.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Trust may postpone payment of the
redemption price and may suspend the right of the holders of Shares
of any Series or Class to require the Trust to redeem Shares of that
Series or Class during any period or at any time when and to the
extent permissible under the 1940 Act, and such redemption is
conditioned upon the Trust having funds or property legally
available therefor.
(g) REDEMPTION BY TRUST. Each Share of each Series that has been
established and designated is subject to redemption by the Trust at
the redemption price which would be applicable if such Share was
then being redeemed by the Shareholder pursuant to subsection (f) of
this Section 4.2 at any time and for any reason under the terms set
by the Trustees, including but not limited to: (a) the determination
of the Trustees that direct or indirect ownership of Shares of any
Series has or may become concentrated in such Shareholder to an
extent that would disqualify that Series as a regulated investment
company under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (or any
successor statute thereto), (b) the failure of a
14
Shareholder to supply a tax identification number if required to do
so, (c) the failure of a Shareholder to pay when due for the
purchase of Shares issued to that Shareholder, (d) the value of a
Shareholder's Shares being less than a minimum amount established
from time to time by the Trustees, (e) the failure of a Shareholder
to meet or maintain the qualifications for ownership of a particular
Series or Class of Shares, or (f) the determination by the Trustees
or pursuant to policies adopted by the Trustees that ownership of
Shares by a particular Shareholder is not in the best interests of
the remaining Shareholders of the Trust or applicable Series or
Class. Upon such redemption the holders of the Shares so redeemed
shall have no further right with respect thereto other than to
receive payment of such redemption price.
(h) NET ASSET VALUE. The net asset value per Share of any Series shall
be the quotient obtained by dividing the value of the net assets of
that Series (being the value of the assets belonging to that Series
less the liabilities belonging to that Series) by the total number
of Shares of that Series outstanding, all determined in accordance
with the methods and procedures, including without limitation those
with respect to rounding, established by the Trustees from time to
time. The Trustees may determine to maintain the net asset value per
Share of any Series at a designated constant dollar amount and in
connection therewith may reduce the number of outstanding Shares of
the Series by reducing the number of Shares in the account of each
Shareholder on a pro rata basis, so as to maintain the net asset
value per Share of such Series at a constant dollar amount.
(i) TRANSFER. All Shares of each particular Series shall be
transferable, but transfers of Shares of a particular Series will be
recorded on the Share transfer records of the Trust applicable to
that Series only at such times as Shareholders shall have the right
to require the Trust to redeem Shares of that Series and at such
other times as may be permitted by the Trustees.
(j) EQUALITY. All Shares of each particular Series shall represent an
equal proportionate interest in the assets belonging to that Series
(subject to the liabilities belonging to that Series), and each
Share of any particular Series shall be equal to each other Share of
that Series; but the provisions of this sentence shall not restrict
any distinctions among Classes permissible under this Section 4.2
that may exist with respect to Shares of the same Series. The
Trustees may from time to time divide or combine the Shares of any
particular Series into a greater or lesser number of Shares of that
Series without thereby changing the proportionate beneficial
interest in the assets belonging to that Series or in any way
affecting the rights of Shares of any other Series.
(k) FRACTIONS. Any fractional Share of any Series or Class, if any such
fractional Share is outstanding, shall carry proportionately all the
rights and obligations of a whole
15
Share of that Series or Class, including with respect to voting,
receipt of dividends and distributions, redemption of Shares, and
liquidation of the Trust.
(l) CONVERSION RIGHTS. Subject to compliance with the requirements of
the 1940 Act, the Trustees shall have the authority to provide that
holders of Shares of any Series shall have the right to convert said
Shares into Shares of one or more other Series of Shares in
accordance with such requirements and procedures as may be
established by the Trustees.
SECTION 4.3 OWNERSHIP OF SHARES. The ownership of Shares shall be recorded
on the books of the Trust or of a transfer or similar agent for the Trust, which
books shall be maintained separately for the Shares of each Series that has been
established and designated. No certificates certifying the ownership of Shares
need be issued except as the Trustees may otherwise determine from time to time,
and, if so issued, may be retired by the Trustees at any time. The Trustees may
make such rules as they consider appropriate for the issuance of Share
certificates, the use of facsimile signatures, the transfer of Shares and
similar matters. The record books of the Trust as kept by the Trust or any
transfer or similar agent, as the case may be, shall be conclusive as to who are
the Shareholders and as to the number of Shares of each Series and Class held
from time to time by each such Shareholder.
SECTION 4.4 INVESTMENTS IN THE TRUST. The Trustees may accept investments
in the Trust from such persons and on such terms and for such consideration, not
inconsistent with the provisions of the 1940 Act, as they from time to time
authorize. The Trustees may authorize any distributor, principal underwriter,
custodian, transfer agent or other person to accept orders for the purchase of
Shares that conform to such authorized terms and to reject any purchase orders
for Shares whether or not conforming to such authorized terms.
SECTION 4.5 NO PREEMPTIVE RIGHTS. Shareholders shall have no preemptive or
other right to subscribe to any additional Shares or other securities issued by
the Trust.
SECTION 4.6 STATUS OF SHARES AND LIMITATION OF PERSONAL LIABILITY. Shares
shall be deemed to be personal property giving only the rights provided in this
instrument. Every Shareholder by virtue of having become a Shareholder shall be
held to have expressly assented and agreed to the terms hereof and to have
become a party hereto. The death of a Shareholder during the continuance of the
Trust shall not operate to terminate the Trust nor entitle the representative of
any deceased Shareholder to an accounting or to take any action in court or
elsewhere against the Trust or the Trustees, but only to the rights of said
decedent under this Trust. Ownership of Shares shall not entitle the Shareholder
to any title in or to the whole or any part of the Trust property or right to
call for a partition or division of the same or for an accounting, nor shall the
ownership of Shares constitute the Shareholders as partners. Neither the Trust
nor the Trustees, nor any officer, employee or agent of the Trust shall have any
power to bind personally any Shareholder, nor except as specifically provided
herein to call upon any Shareholder for the payment of any sum of money or
assessment whatsoever other than such as the Shareholder may at any time
personally agree to pay.
16
ARTICLE V
SHAREHOLDERS' VOTING POWERS AND MEETINGS
The Shareholders shall have power to vote only (i) for the election or
removal of Trustees as provided in Section 3.1, (ii) with respect to any
contract with a Contracting Party as provided in Section 3.3 as to which
Shareholder approval is required by the 1940 Act, (iii) with respect to any
termination or reorganization of the Trust or any Series to the extent and as
provided in Sections 7.1 and 7.2, (iv) with respect to any amendment of this
Declaration of Trust to the extent and as provided in Section 7.3, (v) to the
same extent as the stockholders of an Ohio business corporation as to whether or
not a court action, proceeding or claim should or should not be brought or
maintained derivatively or as a class action on behalf of the Trust or the
Shareholders, and (vi) with respect to such additional matters relating to the
Trust as may be required by the 1940 Act, this Declaration of Trust, the Bylaws
or any registration of the Trust with the Commission (or any successor agency)
or any state, or as the Trustees may consider necessary or desirable. There
shall be no cumulative voting in the election of any Trustee or Trustees. Shares
may be voted in person or by proxy. A proxy with respect to Shares held in the
name of two or more persons shall be valid if executed by any one of them unless
at or prior to exercise of the proxy the Trust receives a specific written
notice to the contrary from any one of them. A proxy purporting to be executed
by or on behalf of a Shareholder shall be deemed valid unless challenged at or
prior to its exercise and the burden of proving invalidity shall rest on the
challenger. Until Shares are issued, the Trustees may exercise all rights of
Shareholders and may take any action required by law, this Declaration of Trust
or the Bylaws to be taken by Shareholders. A majority of the Shares present in
person or by proxy, at a meeting of which a quorum is present, shall decide any
questions and a plurality shall elect a Trustee, except when a different vote is
required or permitted by any provision of the 1940 Act or other applicable law
or by this Declaration of Trust or the Bylaws.
The Bylaws may include further provisions for Shareholders' votes and
meetings, including the establishment of record dates, the determination of a
quorum and related matters not inconsistent with the provisions hereof.
ARTICLE VI
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY; INDEMNIFICATION
SECTION 6.1 TRUSTEES, SHAREHOLDERS, ETC. NOT PERSONALLY LIABLE; NOTICE. No
Trustee, officer, employee or agent of the Trust shall be subject to any
personal liability whatsoever to any person in connection with Trust property or
the affairs of the Trust; and all persons shall look solely to the Trust
property for satisfaction of claims of any nature arising in connection with the
affairs of the Trust. No Shareholder or former Shareholder shall be subject to
any personal liability whatsoever to any person in connection with Trust
property or the acts, obligations or affairs of the Trust solely by reason of
being or having been a Shareholder.
17
All persons extending credit to, contracting with or having any claim
against the Trust shall look only to the assets of the Trust for payment under
such credit, contract or claim; and neither the Shareholders nor the Trustees,
nor any of the Trust's officers, employees or agents, whether past, present or
future, shall be personally liable therefor. Every note, bond, contract,
instrument, certificate or undertaking and every other act or thing whatsoever
executed or done by or on behalf of the Trust or the Trustees or any of them in
connection with the Trust shall be conclusively deemed to have been executed or
done only by or for the Trust or the Trustees and not personally. Nothing in
this Declaration of Trust shall protect any Trustee or officer against any
liability to the Trust or the Shareholders to which such Trustee or officer
would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross
negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the
office of Trustee or of such officer.
Every written note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking
made or issued by the Trustees or by any officers or officer shall give notice
that this Declaration of Trust is on file with the Secretary of the State of
Ohio and shall recite to the effect that the same was executed or made by or on
behalf of the Trust or by them as Trustees or Trustee or as officers or officer
and not individually and that the obligations of such instrument are not binding
upon any of them or the Shareholders individually but are binding only upon the
assets and property of the Trust, but the omission thereof shall not operate to
bind any Trustees or Trustee or officers or officer or Shareholders or
Shareholder individually.
SECTION 6.2 TRUSTEE'S OR OFFICER'S GOOD FAITH ACTION; EXPERT ADVICE; NO
BOND OR SURETY. The exercise by the Trustees or the officers of the Trust of
their powers and discretions hereunder shall be binding upon everyone
interested. A Trustee or officer of the Trust shall be liable for his own
willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the
duties involved in the conduct of the office of Trustee or officer, and for
nothing else, and shall not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact
or law. Subject to the foregoing, (a) neither the Trustees nor the officers
shall be responsible or liable in any event for any neglect or wrongdoing of any
officer, agent, employee, consultant, adviser, administrator, distributor or
principal underwriter, custodian or transfer, dividend disbursing, shareholder
servicing or accounting agent of the Trust, nor shall any Trustee be responsible
for the act or omission of any other Trustee; (b) the Trustees and the officers
may take advice of counsel or other experts with respect to the meaning and
operation of this Declaration of Trust and their duties as Trustees and
officers, and shall be under no liability for any act or omission in accordance
with such advice or for failing to follow such advice; and (c) in discharging
their duties, the Trustees and officers, when acting in good faith, shall be
entitled to rely upon the books of account of the Trust and upon written reports
made to the Trustees by any of its officers, any independent public accountant,
and (with respect to the subject matter of the contract involved) any officer,
partner or responsible employee of a Contracting Party appointed by the Trustees
pursuant to Section 3.3. The Trustees as such shall not be required to give any
bond or surety or any other security for the performance of their duties.
Nothing stated herein is intended to detract from the protection accorded to
Trustees by Ohio Revised Code Sections 1746.08 and 1701.59, as amended from time
to time.
18
SECTION 6.3 INDEMNIFICATION OF SHAREHOLDERS. In case any Shareholder or
former Shareholder shall be charged or held to be personally liable for any
obligation or liability of the Trust or any Series solely by reason of being or
having been a Shareholder (other than taxes payable by virtue of owning shares)
and not because of such Shareholder's acts or omissions or for some other
reason, the Trust (upon proper and timely request by the Shareholder) shall
assume the defense against such charge and satisfy any judgment thereon, and the
Shareholder or former Shareholder (or his heirs, executors, administrators or
other legal representatives or in the case of a corporation or other entity, its
corporate or other general successor) shall be entitled out of the assets of the
applicable series to be held harmless from and indemnified against all loss and
expense arising from such liability.
SECTION 6.4 INDEMNIFICATION OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS, ETC. Subject to and
except as otherwise provided in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the
1940 Act, the Trust shall indemnify each of its Trustees and officers, including
persons who serve at the Trust's request as directors, officers or trustees of
another organization in which the Trust has any interest as a shareholder,
creditor or otherwise (hereinafter referred to as a "Covered Person") against
all liabilities, including but not limited to amounts paid in satisfaction of
judgments, in compromise or as fines and penalties, and expenses, including
reasonable accountants' and counsel fees, incurred by any Covered Person in
connection with the defense or disposition of any action, suit or other
proceeding, whether civil or criminal, before any court or administrative or
legislative body, in which such Covered Person may be or may have been involved
as a party or otherwise or with which such person may be or may have been
threatened, while in office or thereafter, by reason of being or having been
such a Trustee or officer, director or trustee, and except that no Covered
Person shall be indemnified against any liability to the Trust or its
Shareholders to which such Covered Person would otherwise be subject by reason
of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the
duties involved in the conduct of such Covered Person's office.
SECTION 6.5 ADVANCES OF EXPENSES. The Trust shall advance attorneys' fees
or other expenses incurred by a Covered Person in defending a proceeding to the
full extent permitted by the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the 1940 Act,
and Ohio Revised Code Chapter 1707, as amended. In the event any of these laws
conflict with Ohio Revised Code Section 1701.13(E), as amended, these laws, and
not Ohio Revised Code Section 1701.13(E), shall govern.
SECTION 6.6 INDEMNIFICATION NOT EXCLUSIVE, ETC. The right of
indemnification provided by this Article VI shall not be exclusive of or affect
any other rights to which any such Covered Person may be entitled. As used in
this Article VI, "Covered Person" shall include such person's heirs, executors
and administrators. Nothing contained in this article shall affect any rights to
indemnification to which personnel of the Trust, other than Trustees and
officers, and other persons may be entitled by contract or otherwise under law,
nor the power of the Trust to purchase and maintain liability insurance on
behalf of any such person.
19
SECTION 6.7 LIABILITY OF THIRD PERSONS DEALING WITH TRUSTEES. No person
dealing with the Trustees shall be bound to make any inquiry concerning the
validity of any transaction made or to be made by the Trustees or to see to the
application of any payments made or property transferred to the Trust or upon
its order.
SECTION 6.8. DERIVATIVE ACTIONS. No Shareholder shall have the right to
bring or maintain any court action, proceeding or claim on behalf of the Trust
or any Series or Class thereof without first making demand on the Trustees
requesting the Trustees to bring or maintain such action, proceeding or claim.
Such demand shall be excused only when the plaintiff makes a specific showing
that irreparable injury to the Trust or any Series or Class thereof would
otherwise result, or if a majority of the Trustees, or a majority of any
committee established to consider the merits of such action, has a personal
financial interest in the action at issue. A Trustee shall not be deemed to have
a personal financial interest in an action or otherwise be disqualified from
ruling on a Shareholder demand by virtue of the fact that such Trustee receives
remuneration from his or her service on the Board of Trustees of the Trust or on
the boards of one or more investment companies with the same or an affiliated
investment advisor or underwriter, or the amount of such remuneration.
Such demand shall be mailed to the Secretary of the Trust at the Trust's
principal office and shall set forth in reasonable detail the nature of the
proposed court action, proceeding or claim and the essential facts relied upon
by the Shareholder to support the allegations made in the demand. The Trustees
shall consider such demand within 45 days of its receipt by the Trust. In their
sole discretion, the Trustees may submit the matter to a vote of Shareholders of
the Trust or any Series or Class thereof, as appropriate. Any decision by the
Trustees to bring, maintain or settle (or not to bring, maintain or settle) such
court action, proceeding or claim, or to submit the matter to a vote of
Shareholders, shall be made by the Trustees in their business judgment and shall
be binding upon the Shareholders. Any decision by the Trustees to bring or
maintain a court action, proceeding or suit on behalf of the Trust or any Series
or Class thereof shall be subject to the right of the Shareholders under Article
V of this Declaration of Trust to vote on whether or not such court action,
proceeding or suit should or should not be brought or maintained.
ARTICLE VII
MISCELLANEOUS
SECTION 7.1 DURATION AND TERMINATION OF TRUST. Unless terminated as
provided herein, the Trust shall continue without limitation of time. The Trust
may be terminated at any time by a majority of the Trustees then in office.
Upon termination, after paying or otherwise providing for all charges,
taxes, expenses and liabilities, whether due or accrued or anticipated as may be
determined by the Trustees, the Trust shall in accordance with such procedures
as the Trustees consider appropriate reduce the
20
remaining assets to distributable form in cash, securities or other property, or
any combination thereof, and distribute the proceeds to the Shareholders, in
conformity with the provisions of subsection (d) of Section 4.2.
SECTION 7.2 REORGANIZATION.
(a) The Trustees may sell, convey and transfer the assets of the Trust,
or the assets belonging to any one or more Series, to another trust,
partnership, association or corporation organized under the laws of
any state of the United States, or to the Trust to be held as assets
belonging to another Series of the Trust, in exchange for cash,
shares or other securities (including, in the case of a transfer to
another Series of the Trust, Shares of such other Series) with such
transfer being made subject to, or with the assumption by the
transferee of, all or substantially all the liabilities belonging to
each Series the assets of which are so transferred; provided,
however, that, if shareholder approval is required by applicable
law, no assets belonging to any particular Series shall be so
transferred unless the terms of such transfer shall have first been
approved at a meeting called for the purpose by the affirmative vote
of the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting Shares, as
defined in the 1940 Act, of that Series.
(b) Notwithstanding Section 7.2(a) above, any one or more Series may,
either as the successor, survivor or non-survivor, (1) consolidate
or merge with one or more other trusts, partnerships, associations
or corporations, including any series or class thereof, organized
under the laws of the State of Ohio or any other state of the United
States; or (2) transfer a substantial portion of its assets to one
or more other trusts, partnerships, associations or corporations,
including any series or class thereof, organized under the laws of
the State of Ohio or any other state of the United States, any such
consolidation, merger or transfer to be upon such terms and
conditions as are specified in an agreement and plan of
reorganization authorized and approved by the Trustees and entered
into by the relevant series in connection therewith. Any such
consolidation, merger or transfer may be authorized by vote of a
majority of the Trustees then in office without the approval of
Shareholders of any Series.
(c) Following such transfer, the Trustees shall distribute such cash,
shares or other securities (giving due effect to the assets and
liabilities belonging to and any other differences among the various
Series the assets belonging to which have so been transferred) among
the Shareholders of the Series the assets belonging to which have
been so transferred; and if all of the assets of the Trust have been
so transferred, the Trust shall be terminated.
21
SECTION 7.3 AMENDMENTS.
(a) All rights granted to the Shareholders under this Declaration of
Trust are granted subject to the reservation of the right to amend
this Declaration of Trust as herein provided. Subject to the
foregoing, the Trustees may, by an instrument in writing signed by a
majority of the then Trustees (or by an officer of the Trust
pursuant to the vote of a majority of such Trustees), without any
Shareholder vote, amend or otherwise supplement this Declaration of
Trust by making an amendment, a Declaration of Trust supplemental
hereto or an amended and restated Declaration of Trust. Without
limiting the foregoing power reserved to the Trustees, the Trustees
may, without any Shareholder vote, amend this Declaration of Trust
in order to (a) establish and designate any new Series of Shares not
established and designated in Section 4.2, or any Class or amend any
such establishment or designation; (b) change the name of the Trust
or the name of any Series or Class theretofore established and
designated or the name of its principal office or agent, as
applicable; (iii) supply any omission, cure any ambiguity or cure,
correct or supplement any provision hereof which is internally
inconsistent with any other provision hereof ; or (iv) if the
Trustees deem it necessary and advisable, to conform this
Declaration of Trust to the requirements of applicable law,
including the 1940 Act and the Internal Revenue Code and applicable
regulations, in order that the Trust may obtain the most favorable
treatment thereunder available to regulated investment companies,
but the Trustees shall not be liable for failing to do so. Subject
to the foregoing, any such amendment shall be effective as provided
in the instrument containing the terms of such amendment or, if
there is no provision therein with respect to effectiveness, upon
the execution of such instrument and of a certificate (which may be
a part of such instrument) executed by a Trustee or officer of the
Trust to the effect that such amendment has been duly adopted.
(b) Shareholders shall have the right to vote on (i) any amendment that
would affect their right to vote granted hereunder; (ii) any
amendment to this Section; (iii) any amendment as may be required by
law, or by the Trust's registration statement, to be approved by
Shareholders; and (iv) any amendment submitted to them by the
Trustees. Any amendment on which Shareholders have the right to vote
shall require the vote, or the written consent, without a meeting,
of the holders of Shares representing not less than a majority of
the outstanding Shares of the Trust. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
if the Trustees shall determine that any amendment required or
permitted to be submitted to Shareholders would affect only the
interest of Shareholders of particular Series or Classes of Shares,
then only Shareholders of such Series or Classes, as applicable,
shall be entitled to vote thereon, and no vote of Shareholders of
any other Series or Classes shall be required. Subject to the
foregoing, any such amendment shall be effective as provided in the
instrument containing the terms of such amendment or, if there is no
provision therein with respect to effectiveness, upon the execution
of such
22
instrument and of a certificate (which may be a part of such
instrument) executed by a Trustee or officer of the Trust to the
effect that such amendment has been duly adopted.
(c) Nothing contained in this Declaration of Trust shall permit the
amendment of this Declaration of Trust to impair the exemption from
personal liability of the Shareholders, former Shareholders,
Trustees, officers, employees and agents of the Trust or to permit
assessments upon Shareholders or former Shareholders.
Notwithstanding anything else herein, any amendment to Section 6.4
shall not limit the rights to indemnification or insurance provided
therein with respect to actions or omissions of persons entitled to
indemnification under such Section prior to such amendment.
(d) Notwithstanding any other provision hereof, until such time as
Shares of a particular Series or Class are first issued, this
Declaration of Trust may be terminated or amended in any respect as
to that Series or Class, and as to any Series or Class in which
Shares are not outstanding, by the affirmative vote of a majority of
the Trustees or by an instrument signed by a majority of the
Trustees.
SECTION 7.4 USE OF NAMES. If ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Asset Management, LLC ("▇▇▇▇▇▇")
ceases to act as investment adviser to a series of the Trust, or, in any event,
if ▇▇▇▇▇▇ so requests in writing, the Trust agrees to take all necessary action
to change the names of the Trust and any series of the Trust to a name not
including the term "▇▇▇▇▇▇ or "RAM." ▇▇▇▇▇▇ may from time to time make available
to the Trust for its use, without charge to the Trust, such marks or symbols
owned by ▇▇▇▇▇▇, including marks or symbols containing the term "▇▇▇▇▇▇, "RAM"
or any variation thereof, as ▇▇▇▇▇▇ may consider appropriate. Any such marks or
symbols so made available will remain ▇▇▇▇▇▇'▇ property and it shall have the
right, upon notice in writing, to require the Trust to cease the use of such
▇▇▇▇ or symbol at any time.
SECTION 7.5 FILING OF COPIES; REFERENCES; HEADINGS. The original or a copy
of this instrument and of each amendment hereto shall be kept at the office of
the Trust where it may be inspected by any Shareholder. A copy of this
instrument and of each amendment hereto shall be filed by the Trust with the
Secretary of the State of Ohio, as well as any other governmental office where
such filing may from time to time be required, but the failure to make any such
filing shall not impair the effectiveness of this instrument or any such
amendment. Anyone dealing with the Trust may rely on a certificate by an officer
of the Trust as to whether or not any such amendments have been made, as to the
identities of the Trustees and officers, and as to any matters in connection
with the Trust hereunder; and, with the same effect as if it were the original,
may rely on a copy certified by an officer of the Trust to be a copy of this
instrument or of any such amendments. In this instrument and in any such
amendment, references to this instrument, and all expressions like "herein,"
"hereof" and "hereunder" shall be deemed to refer to this instrument as a whole
as the same may be amended or affected by any such amendments. The masculine
gender shall include the feminine and neuter genders. Headings are placed herein
for convenience of reference only and shall not be taken as a part hereof or
control or affect the meaning, construction or effect of this
23
instrument. This instrument may be executed in any number of counterparts each
of which shall be deemed an original.
SECTION 7.6 APPLICABLE LAW. This Declaration of Trust is created under and
is to be governed by and construed and administered according to the laws of the
State of Ohio, including the Ohio General Corporation Law as the same may be
amended from time to time, but the reference to said Corporation Law is not
intended to give the Trust, the Trustees, the Shareholders or any other person
any right, power, authority or responsibility available only to or in connection
with an entity organized in corporate form. The Trust shall be of the type
referred to in Section 1746.01 of the Ohio Revised Code, and without limiting
the provisions hereof, the Trust may exercise all powers which are ordinarily
exercised by such a trust.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has hereunto set his hand for himself
and his assigns, as of the day and year first above written.
/s/ ▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇
--------------------------
▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇, Trustee
STATE OF OHIO )
) ss:
COUNTY OF ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ )
Before me, a Notary Public in and for said county and state, personally
appeared the above named ▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇, who acknowledged that he did sign the
foregoing instrument and that the same is his free act and deed.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and affixed my official
seal on this 20th day of December, 2007.
/s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇
-------------------------
Notary Public
My Commission Expires: July 27, 2010
24