EXHIBIT 10.43
[Form of Indemnification Agreement]
AGREEMENT, effective as of [__________________________], 2000, between
▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), and [INDEMNITEE]
(the "Indemnitee").
WHEREAS, it is essential to the Company to retain and attract as
directors and officers the most capable persons available;
WHEREAS, Indemnitee is a director or officer of the Company;
WHEREAS, both the Company and Indemnitee recognize the increased risk
of litigation and other claims being asserted against directors and officers of
public companies in today's environment;
[WHEREAS, basic protection against undue risk of personal liability of
directors and officers heretofore has been provided through insurance coverage
providing reasonable protection at reasonable cost, and Indemnitee has relied on
the availability of such coverage; but as a result of substantial changes in the
marketplace for such insurance it has become increasingly more difficult to
obtain such insurance on terms providing reasonable protection at reasonable
cost];
WHEREAS, the By-laws of the Company require the Company to indemnify
and advance expenses to its directors and officers to the full extent permitted
by law and the Indemnitee has been serving and continues to serve as a director
or officer of the Company in part in reliance on such By-laws;
WHEREAS, in recognition of Indemnitee's need for substantial
protection against personal liability in order to enhance Indemnitee's continued
service to the Company in an effective manner, [the increasing difficulty in
obtaining satisfactory director and officer liability insurance coverage,] and
Indemnitee's reliance on the aforesaid By-laws, and in part to provide
Indemnitee with specific contractual assurance that the protection promised by
such By-laws will be available to Indemnitee (regardless of, among other things,
any amendment to or revocation of such By-laws or any change in the composition
of the Company's Board of Directors or acquisition transaction relating to the
Company), the Company wishes to provide in this Agreement for the
indemnification of and the advancing of expenses to Indemnitee to the fullest
extent (whether partial or complete) permitted by law and as set forth in this
Agreement, and, to the extent insurance is maintained, for the continued
coverage of Indemnitee under the Company's directors' and officers' liability
insurance policies;
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and of Indemnitee
continuing to serve the Company directly or, at its request, another enterprise,
and intending to be legally bound hereby, the parties hereto agree as follows:
1. Certain Definitions:
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(a) Change in Control: shall be deemed to have occurred if (i) any
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"person" (as such term is used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), other than a trustee or
other fiduciary holding securities under an employee benefit plan of
the Company or a corporation owned directly or indirectly by the
stockholders of the Company in substantially the same proportions as
their ownership of stock of the Company, is or becomes the "beneficial
owner" (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under said Act), directly or
indirectly, of securities of the Company representing [20%] or more of
the total voting power represented by the Company's then outstanding
Voting Securities, or (ii) during any period of two consecutive years,
individuals who at the beginning of such period constitute the Board
of Directors of the Company and any new director whose election by the
Board of Directors or nomination for election by the Company's
stockholders was approved by a vote of at least two-thirds (2/3) of
the directors then still in office who either were directors at the
beginning of the period or whose election or nomination for election
was previously so approved, cease for any reason to constitute a
majority thereof, or (iii) the stockholders of the Company approve a
merger or consolidation of the Company with any other corporation,
other than a merger or consolidation which would result in the Voting
Securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior thereto
continuing to represent (either by remaining outstanding or by being
converted into Voting Securities of the surviving entity) at least
[80%] of the total voting power represented by the Voting Securities
of the Company or such surviving entity outstanding immediately after
such merger or consolidation, or the stockholders of the Company
approve a plan of complete liquidation of the Company or an agreement
for the sale or disposition by the Company of (in one transaction or a
series of transactions) all or substantially all the Company's assets.
(b) Claim: any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or
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proceeding, or any inquiry or investigation, whether instituted by the
Company or any other party, that Indemnitee in good faith believes
might lead to the institution of any such action, suit or proceeding,
whether civil, criminal, administrative, investigative or other.
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(c) Expenses: include attorneys' fees and all other costs, expenses and
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obligations paid or incurred in connection with investigating,
defending, being a witness in or participating in (including on
appeal), or preparing to defend, be a witness in or participate in,
any Claim relating to any Indemnifiable Event.
(d) Indemnifiable Event: any event or occurrence related to the fact that
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Indemnitee is or was a director, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary
of the Company, or is or was serving at the request of the Company as
a director, officer, employee, trustee, agent or fiduciary of another
corporation, partnership, joint venture, employee benefit plan, trust
or other enterprise, or by reason of anything done or not done by
Indemnitee in any such capacity.
(e) Independent Legal Counsel: an attorney or firm of attorneys, selected
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in accordance with the provisions of Section 3, who shall not have
otherwise performed services for the Company or Indemnitee within the
last [five] years (other than with respect to matters concerning the
rights of Indemnitee under this Agreement, or of other indemnitees
under similar indemnity agreements).
[(f) Potential Change in Control: shall be deemed to have occurred if (i)
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the Company enters into an agreement, the consummation of which would
result in the occurrence of a Change in Control; (ii) any person
(including the Company) publicly announces an intention to take or to
consider taking actions which if consummated would constitute a Change
in Control; (iii) any person, other than a trustee or other fiduciary
holding securities under an employee benefit plan of the Company or a
corporation owned, directly or indirectly, by the stockholders of the
Company in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of
stock of the Company, who is or becomes the beneficial owner, directly
or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing [9.5%] or
more of the combined voting power of the Company's then outstanding
Voting Securities, increases his beneficial ownership of such
securities by [five percentage points (5%)] or more over the
percentage so owned by such person; or (iv) the Board adopts a
resolution to the effect that, for purposes of this Agreement, a
Potential Change in Control has occurred.]
(g) Reviewing Party: any appropriate person or body consisting of a
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member or members of the Company's Board of Directors or any other
person or body appointed by the Board who is not a party to the
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particular Claim for which Indemnitee is seeking indemnification, or
Independent Legal Counsel.
(h) Voting Securities: any securities of the Company which vote generally
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in the election of directors.
2. Basic Indemnification Arrangement. (a) In the event Indemnitee was,
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is or becomes a party to or witness or other participant in, or is threatened to
be made a party to or witness or other participant in, a Claim by reason of (or
arising in part out of) an Indemnifiable Event, the Company shall indemnify
Indemnitee to the fullest extent permitted by law/1/ as soon as practicable but
in any event no later than thirty days after written demand is presented to the
Company, against any and all Expenses, judgments, fines, penalties and amounts
paid in settlement (including all interest, assessments and other charges paid
or payable in connection with or in respect of such Expenses, judgments, fines,
penalties or amounts paid in settlement) of such Claim./2/ If so requested by
Indemnitee, the Company shall advance (within two business days of such request)
any and all Expenses to Indemnitee (an "Expense Advance").
_________________________
/1/ Notwithstanding GCL (S) 145(f) (which provides that statutory
indemnification rights are not exclusive), it should be presumed that, as
a matter of Delaware public policy, indemnification in respect of actions
by or in the right of the Company (including derivative lawsuits) would
not be available, other than for Expenses. Consideration might be given
to specifying certain clear exclusions to the basic indemnification
obligation, e.g.: liability under Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act or
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under federal or state securities laws for "▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇"; conduct
finally adjudged as constituting active or deliberate dishonesty or
willful fraud or illegality; or conduct finally adjudged as producing an
unlawful personal benefit.
/2/ The indemnification agreement may be construed to require advancement of
expenses, including attorneys' fees, in litigation initiated by an
Indemnitee. For example, in a proxy contest, a dissident director might
claim that the corporation was required to advance expenses to him in
connection with litigation filed against other directors or the
corporation. See ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ v. Hollywood Part, Inc., Del. Supr., 457 A.2d
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339 (1983). If a particular company wishes to foreclose this possibility,
consideration should be given to adding a provision such as the
following: "Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary,
[prior to a Change in Control] Indemnitee shall not be entitled to
indemnification pursuant to this Agreement in connection with any Claim
initiated by Indemnitee unless the Board of Directors has authorized or
consented to the initiation of such Claim."
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(b) Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) the obligations of the Company
under Section 2(a) shall be subject to the condition that the Reviewing Party
shall not have determined (in a written opinion, in any case in which the
Independent Legal Counsel referred to in Section 3 hereof is involved) that
Indemnitee would not be permitted to be indemnified under applicable law, and
(ii) the obligation of the Company to make an Expense Advance pursuant to
Section 2(a) shall be subject to the condition that, if, when and to the extent
that the Reviewing Party determines that Indemnitee would not be permitted to be
so indemnified under applicable law, the Company shall be entitled to be
reimbursed by Indemnitee (who hereby agrees to reimburse the Company) for all
such amounts theretofore paid; provided, however, that if Indemnitee has
commenced or thereafter commences legal proceedings in a court of competent
jurisdiction to secure a determination that Indemnitee should be indemnified
under applicable law, any determination made by the Reviewing Party that
Indemnitee would not be permitted to be indemnified under applicable law shall
not be binding and Indemnitee shall not be required to reimburse the Company for
any Expense Advance until a final judicial determination is made with respect
thereto (as to which all rights of appeal therefrom have been exhausted or
lapsed). If there has not been a Change in Control, the Reviewing Party shall be
selected by the Board of Directors, and if there has been such a Change in
Control (other than a Change in Control which has been approved by a majority of
the Company's Board of Directors who were directors immediately prior to such
Change in Control), the Reviewing Party shall be the Independent Legal Counsel
referred to in Section 3 hereof. If there has been no determination by the
Reviewing Party or if the Reviewing Party determines that Indemnitee
substantively would not be permitted to be indemnified in whole or in part under
applicable law, Indemnitee shall have the right to commence litigation in any
court in the State of [California] or Delaware having subject matter
jurisdiction thereof and in which venue is proper seeking an initial
determination by the court or challenging any such determination by the
Reviewing Party or any aspect thereof, including the legal or factual bases
therefor, and the Company hereby consents to service of process and to appear in
any such proceeding. Any determination by the Reviewing Party otherwise shall be
conclusive and binding on the Company and Indemnitee.
3. Change in Control. The Company agrees that if there is a Change in
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Control of the Company (other than a Change in Control which has been approved
by a majority of the Company's Board of Directors who were directors immediately
prior to such Change in Control) then with respect to all matters thereafter
arising concerning the rights of Indemnitee to indemnity payments and Expense
Advances under this Agreement or any other agreement or Company By-law now or
hereafter in effect relating to Claims for Indemnifiable Events, the Company
shall seek legal advice only from Independent Legal Counsel selected by
Indemnitee and approved by the Company (which approval shall not be unreasonably
withheld). Such counsel, among other things, shall render its written opinion
to the Company and Indemnitee
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as to whether and to what extent the Indemnitee would be permitted to be
indemnified under applicable law. The Company agrees to pay the reasonable fees
of the Independent Legal Counsel referred to above and to indemnify fully such
counsel against any and all expenses (including attorneys' fees), claims,
liabilities and damages arising out of or relating to this Agreement or its
engagement pursuant hereto.
[4. Establishment of Trust. In the event of a Potential Change in
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Control, the Company shall, upon written request by Indemnitee, create a trust
for the benefit of Indemnitee and from time to time upon written request of
Indemnitee shall fund such trust in an amount sufficient to satisfy any and all
Expenses reasonably anticipated at the time of each such request to be incurred
in connection with investigating, preparing for and defending any Claim relating
to an Indemnifiable Event, and any and all judgments, fines, penalties and
settlement amounts of any and all Claims relating to an Indemnifiable Event from
time to time actually paid or claimed, reasonably anticipated or proposed to be
paid [, provided that in no event shall more than $[______________________] be
required to be deposited in any trust created hereunder in excess of amounts
deposited in respect of reasonably anticipated Expenses]. The amount or amounts
to be deposited in the trust pursuant to the foregoing funding obligation shall
be determined by the Reviewing Party, in any case in which the Independent Legal
Counsel referred to above is involved. The terms of the trust shall provide
that upon a Change in Control (i) the trust shall not be revoked or the
principal thereof invaded, without the written consent of the Indemnitee, (ii)
the trustee shall advance, within two business days of a request by the
Indemnitee, any and all Expenses to the Indemnitee (and the Indemnitee hereby
agrees to reimburse the trust under the circumstances under which the Indemnitee
would be required to reimburse the Company under Section 2(b) of this
Agreement), (iii) the trust shall continue to be funded by the Company in
accordance with the funding obligation set forth above, (iv) the trustee shall
promptly pay to Indemnitee all amounts for which Indemnitee shall be entitled to
indemnification pursuant to this Agreement or otherwise, and (v) all unexpended
funds in such trust shall revert to the Company upon a final determination by
the Reviewing Party or a court of competent jurisdiction, as the case may be,
that Indemnitee has been fully indemnified under the terms of this Agreement.
The trustee shall be chosen by Indemnitee. Nothing in this Section 4 shall
relieve the Company of any of its obligations under this Agreement.]
5. Indemnification for Additional Expenses. The Company shall indemnify
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Indemnitee against any and all expenses (including attorneys' fees) and, if
requested by Indemnitee, shall (within two business days of such request)
advance such expenses to Indemnitee, which are incurred by Indemnitee in
connection with any action brought by Indemnitee for (i) indemnification or
advance payment of Expenses by the Company under this Agreement or any other
agreement or Company By-law now or hereafter in effect relating to Claims for
Indemnifiable Events and/or
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(ii) recovery under any directors' and officers' liability insurance policies
maintained by the Company, regardless of whether Indemnitee ultimately is
determined to be entitled to such indemnification, advance expense payment or
insurance recovery, as the case may be.
6. Partial Indemnity, Etc. If Indemnitee is entitled under any provision
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of this Agreement to indemnification by the Company for some or a portion of the
Expenses, judgments, fines, penalties and amounts paid in settlement of a Claim
but not, however, for all of the total amount thereof, the Company shall
nevertheless indemnify Indemnitee for the portion thereof to which Indemnitee is
entitled. Moreover, notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, to
the extent that Indemnitee has been successful on the merits or otherwise in
defense of any or all Claims relating in whole or in part to an Indemnifiable
Event or in defense of any issue or matter therein, including dismissal without
prejudice, Indemnitee shall be indemnified against all Expenses incurred in
connection therewith.
7. Burden of Proof. In connection with any determination by the
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Reviewing Party or otherwise as to whether Indemnitee is entitled to be
indemnified hereunder the burden of proof shall be on the Company to establish
that Indemnitee is not so entitled.
8. No Presumptions. For purposes of this Agreement, the termination of
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any claim, action, suit or proceeding, by judgment, order, settlement (whether
with or without court approval) or conviction, or upon a plea of nolo
contendere, or its equivalent, shall not create a presumption that Indemnitee
did not meet any particular standard of conduct or have any particular belief or
that a court has determined that indemnification is not permitted by applicable
law. In addition, neither the failure of the Reviewing Party to have made a
determination as to whether Indemnitee has met any particular standard of
conduct or had any particular belief, nor an actual determination by the
Reviewing Party that Indemnitee has not met such standard of conduct or did not
have such belief, prior to the commencement of legal proceedings by Indemnitee
to secure a judicial determination that Indemnitee should be indemnified under
applicable law shall be a defense to Indemnitee's claim or create a presumption
that Indemnitee has not met any particular standard of conduct or did not have
any particular belief.
9. Nonexclusivity, Etc. The rights of the Indemnitee hereunder shall be
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in addition to any other rights Indemnitee may have under the Company's By-laws
or the Delaware General Corporation Law or otherwise. To the extent that a
change in the Delaware General Corporation Law (whether by statute or judicial
decision) permits greater indemnification by agreement than would be afforded
currently under the Company's By-laws and this Agreement, it is the intent of
the parties hereto that
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Indemnitee shall enjoy by this Agreement the greater benefits so afforded by
such change.
10. Liability Insurance. To the extent the Company maintains an insurance
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policy or policies providing directors' and officers' liability insurance,
Indemnitee shall be covered by such policy or policies, in accordance with its
or their terms, to the maximum extent of the coverage available for any Company
director or officer.
11. Period of Limitations. No legal action shall be brought and no cause
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of action shall be asserted by or in the right of the Company against
Indemnitee, Indemnitee's spouse, heirs, executors or personal or legal
representatives after the expiration of two years from the date of accrual of
such cause of action, and any claim or cause of action of the Company shall be
extinguished and deemed released unless asserted by the timely filing of a legal
action within such two-year period; provided, however, that if any shorter
period of limitations is otherwise applicable to any such cause of action such
shorter period shall govern.
12. Amendments, Etc. No supplement, modification or amendment of this
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Agreement shall be binding unless executed in writing by both of the parties
hereto. No waiver of any of the provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed or
shall constitute a waiver of any other provisions hereof (whether or not
similar) nor shall such waiver constitute a continuing waiver.
13. Subrogation. In the event of payment under this Agreement, the
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Company shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the rights
of recovery of Indemnitee, who shall execute all papers required and shall do
everything that may be necessary to secure such rights, including the execution
of such documents necessary to enable the Company effectively to bring suit to
enforce such rights.
14. No Duplication of Payments. The Company shall not be liable under
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this Agreement to make any payment in connection with any Claim made against
Indemnitee to the extent Indemnitee has otherwise actually received payment
(under any insurance policy, By-law or otherwise) of the amounts otherwise
indemnifiable hereunder.
15. Binding Effect, Etc. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure
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to the benefit of and be enforceable by the parties hereto and their respective
successors, assigns, including any direct or indirect successor by purchase,
merger, consolidation or otherwise to all or substantially all of the business
and/or assets of the Company, spouses, heirs, executors and personal and legal
representatives. This Agreement shall continue in effect regardless of whether
Indemnitee continues to
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serve as an officer or director of the Company or of any other enterprise at the
Company's request.
16. Severability. The provisions of this Agreement shall be severable in
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the event that any of the provisions hereof (including any provision within a
single section, paragraph or sentence) are held by a court of competent
jurisdiction to be invalid, void or otherwise unenforceable in any respect, and
the validity and enforceability of any such provision in every other respect and
of the remaining provisions hereof shall not be in any way impaired and shall
remain enforceable to the fullest extent permitted by law.
17. Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed and
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enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware applicable to
contracts made and to be performed in such state without giving effect to the
principles of conflicts of laws.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement
this [______] day of [______________________], 2000.
▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇, INC.
By _____________________________
Name:
Title:
_____________________________
[Indemnitee]
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