Exhibit 1.1
PSINET INC.
___________ Shares of Common Stock
(___________ Additional Shares)
UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
----------------------
April [28], 1999
▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇
SECURITIES CORPORATION
▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ & CO.
BEAR, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ & CO., INC.
BANCBOSTON ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ INC.
▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ INCORPORATED
As representatives of the
several Underwriters
named in Schedule I hereto
c/▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, Lufkin & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇
Securities Corporation
▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇
▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇
Dear Ladies and Gentlemen:
PSINet Inc., a New York corporation (the "Company"), proposes to issue and
sell ___________ shares of its common stock, par value $.01 per share (the "Firm
Shares"), to the several underwriters named in Schedule I hereto (the
"Underwriters"). The Company also proposes to issue and sell to the several
April [____], 1999
Page 2
Underwriters not more than an additional [___________] shares of its common
stock (the "Additional Shares") if requested by the Underwriters as provided in
Section 2 hereof. The Firm Shares and the Additional Shares are hereinafter
referred to collectively as the "Shares." The shares of common stock of the
Company to be outstanding after giving effect to the sales contemplated hereby
are hereinafter referred to as the "Common Stock."
Section 1. Registration Statement and Prospectus. The Company has
prepared and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the
"Commission") in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933,
as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder
(collectively, the "Act"), a registration statement on Form S-3, including a
related preliminary prospectus, and each supplement thereto (collectively, the
"Preliminary Prospectus"), relating to the Shares. The Company may have filed
one or more amendments thereto, including the related preliminary prospectus,
and each supplement thereto, each which has previously been furnished to you.
The Company will cause the prospectus, properly completed, and any supplement
thereto to be filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) within the time
period prescribed and will provide the Underwriters with satisfactory evidence
of timely filing. The Company has complied with the conditions for the use of
Form S-3. The registration statement, as amended at the time it became
effective, including all exhibits thereto and the information (if any) deemed to
be part of the registration statement at the time of effectiveness pursuant to
Rule 430A under the Act, is hereinafter referred to as the "Registration
Statement"; and the prospectus, and each supplement thereto, in the forms first
used to confirm sales of Shares are hereinafter collectively referred to as the
"Prospectus." If the Company has filed or is required pursuant to the terms
hereof to file a registration statement pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Act
registering additional shares of Common Stock (a "Rule 462(b) Registration
Statement"), then, unless otherwise specified, any reference herein to the term
"Registration Statement" shall be deemed to include such Rule 462(b)
Registration Statement.
Section 2. Agreements to Sell and Purchase and Lock-Up Agreements. On the
basis of the representations and warranties contained in this Agreement, and
subject to its terms and conditions, the Company agrees to issue and sell, and
each Underwriter agrees, severally and not jointly, to purchase from the Company
at a price per Share of $[______] (the "Purchase Price") the number of Firm
Shares set forth opposite the name of such Underwriter in Schedule I hereto.
April [____], 1999
Page 3
On the basis of the representations and warranties contained in this
Agreement, and subject to its terms and conditions, the Company agrees to issue
and sell the Additional Shares and the Underwriters shall have the right to
purchase, severally and not jointly, up to [_________] Additional Shares from
the Company at the Purchase Price. Additional Shares may be purchased solely
for the purpose of covering over-allotments made in connection with the offering
of the Firm Shares. The Underwriters may exercise their right to purchase
Additional Shares in whole or in part from time to time by giving written notice
thereof to the Company within 30 days after the date of this Agreement. You
shall give any such notice on behalf of the Underwriters and such notice shall
specify the aggregate number of Additional Shares to be purchased pursuant to
such exercise and the date for payment and delivery thereof, which date shall be
a business day (i) no earlier than two business days after such notice has been
given (and, in any event, no earlier than the Closing Date (as hereinafter
defined)) and (ii) no later than ten business days after such notice has been
given. If any Additional Shares are to be purchased, each Underwriter,
severally and not jointly, agrees to purchase from the Company the number of
Additional Shares (subject to such adjustments to eliminate fractional shares as
you may determine) which bears the same proportion to the total number of
Additional Shares to be purchased from the Company as the number of Firm Shares
set forth opposite the name of such Underwriter in Schedule I bears to the total
number of Firm Shares.
The Company hereby agrees not to (i) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell,
sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to
sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, or otherwise transfer or
dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of Common Stock or any securities
convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or (ii) enter
into any swap or other arrangement that transfers all or a portion of the
economic consequences associated with the ownership of any Common Stock
(regardless of whether any of the transactions described in clause (i) or (ii)
is to be settled by the delivery of Common Stock, or such other securities, in
cash or otherwise), except to the Underwriters pursuant to this Agreement, for a
period of 120 days after the date of the Prospectus without the prior written
consent of ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Securities Corporation. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, during such period the Company may (i) grant stock options
pursuant to the Company's Executive Stock Incentive Plan, Executive Stock
Options Plan, Directors Stock Incentive Plan and Strategic Stock Incentive Plan,
(ii) issue shares of Common Stock upon the exercise of an option or warrant or
the conversion of a security outstanding on the date hereof, (iii) issue up to
[_____] shares of Common Stock under an effective registration statement which
will be filed for the sole purpose of registering shares
April [____], 1999
Page 4
of Common Stock to be issued in consideration for the acquisition of, or
investment in, another entity (the "Acquisition Registration Statement"), and
which are being issued solely for such purpose, (iv) issue shares of Common
Stock under an effective registration statement which will be filed for the sole
purpose of registering shares of Common Stock to be issued (A) pursuant to the
conversion of shares of the Company's ___% Series C Cumulative Convertible
Preferred Stock (the "Series C Preferred Stock") or (B) in lieu of the payment
of any cash dividend on, or in consideration of any cash payment from the
deposit account established in respect of, the Series C Preferred Stock (the
"Series C Shares Registration Statement"), and which are being issued solely for
such purposes, or (v) issue such securities and take such other actions pursuant
to the Rights Agreement dated as of May 8, 1996 between the Company and First
Chicago Trust Company of New York, as Rights Agent, as amended. Except for the
Acquisition Registration Statement and the Series C Shares Registration
Statement, the Company also agrees not to file any registration statement with
respect to any shares of Common Stock or any securities convertible into or
exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock for a period of 120 days after the
date of the Prospectus without the prior written consent of ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇ &
▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Securities Corporation. The Company shall, prior to or concurrently
with the execution of this Agreement, deliver an agreement substantially in the
form of Exhibit A hereto executed by each of the directors and officers of the
Company listed on Annex I hereto to the effect that such person will not,
subject to the exceptions contained therein, during the period commencing on the
date such person signs such agreement and ending 120 days after the date of the
Prospectus, without the prior written consent of ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, Lufkin & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇
Securities Corporation, (A) engage in any of the transactions described in the
first sentence of this paragraph or (B) make any demand for, or exercise any
right with respect to, the registration of any shares of Common Stock or any
securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock.
Section 3. Terms of Public Offering. The Company is advised by you that
the Underwriters propose (i) to make a public offering of their respective
portions of the Shares as soon after the execution and delivery of this
Agreement as in your judgment is advisable and (ii) initially to offer the
Shares upon the terms set forth in the Prospectus.
Section 4. Delivery and Payment. The Shares shall be represented by
definitive certificates and shall be issued in such authorized denominations and
registered in such names as ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, Lufkin & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Securities Corporation
shall request no later than two business days prior to the Closing Date (as
defined
April [____], 1999
Page 5
below) or the applicable Option Closing Date (as defined below), as the
case may be. The Company shall deliver the Shares, with any transfer taxes
thereon duly paid by the Company, to ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, Lufkin & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Securities
Corporation through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company ("DTC"), for
the respective accounts of the several Underwriters, against payment to the
Company of the Purchase Price therefor by wire transfer of Federal or other
funds immediately available in New York City. The certificates representing the
Shares shall be made available for inspection not later than 9:30 a.m., New York
City time, on the business day prior to the Closing Date or the applicable
Option Closing Date, as the case may be, at the office of DTC or its designated
custodian (the "Designated Office"). The time and date of delivery and payment
for the Firm Shares shall be 9:00 a.m., New York City time, on [________], 1999
or such other time on the same or such other date as ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, Lufkin &
▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Securities Corporation and the Company shall agree in writing. The
time and date of delivery and payment for the Firm Shares are hereinafter
referred to as the "Closing Date." The time and date of delivery and payment
for any Additional Shares to be purchased by the Underwriters shall be 9:00
a.m., New York City time, on the date specified in the applicable exercise
notice given by you pursuant to Section 2 or such other time on the same or such
other date as ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, Lufkin & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Securities Corporation and the
Company shall agree in writing. The time and date of delivery and payment for
any Additional Shares are hereinafter referred to as an "Option Closing Date."
The documents to be delivered on the Closing Date or any Option Closing
Date on behalf of the parties hereto pursuant to Section 8 of this Agreement
shall be delivered at the offices of ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, Lufkin & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Securities
Corporation, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇, Attention: Syndicate
Department, and the Shares shall be delivered at the Designated Office, all on
the Closing Date or such Option Closing Date, as the case may be.
Section 5. Agreements of the Company. The Company agrees with you:
(a) To advise you immediately and, if requested by you, to confirm such
advice in writing, (i) of any request by the Commission for amendments to the
Registration Statement or amendments or supplements to the Prospectus or for
additional information, (ii) of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order
suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any post-effective
amendment thereto or of the suspension of qualification of the Shares for
offering or sale in any jurisdiction, or the initiation, or the threatening, of
any proceeding for such purposes, (iii) when any amendment to the Registration
Statement
April [____], 1999
Page 6
becomes effective, (iv) if the Company has filed or is required to
file a Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, when the Rule 462(b) Registration
Statement has become effective and (v) of the happening of any event during the
period referred to in Section 5(d) below which makes any statement of a material
fact made in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus untrue or which
requires any additions to or changes in the Registration Statement or the
Prospectus in order to make the statements therein not misleading. If at any
time the Commission shall propose to issue or issues any stop order suspending
the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, the Company will use its best
efforts to prevent the issuance, or obtain the withdrawal or lifting, of such
order at the earliest possible time.
(b) To furnish to you five signed copies of the Registration Statement as
first filed with the Commission and of each amendment to it, including all
exhibits, and to furnish to you and each Underwriter designated by you such
number of conformed copies of the Registration Statement as so filed and of each
amendment to it, without exhibits, as you may reasonably request.
(c) To prepare the Prospectus, the form and substance of which shall be
satisfactory to you, and to file the Prospectus in such form with the Commission
within the applicable period specified in Rule 424(b) under the Act; during the
period specified in Section 5(d) below, not to file any further amendment to the
Registration Statement and not to make any amendment or supplement to the
Prospectus of which you shall not previously have been advised or to which you
shall reasonably object after being so advised; and, during such period, to
prepare and file with the Commission, promptly upon your reasonable request, any
amendment to the Registration Statement or amendment or supplement to the
Prospectus which may be necessary or advisable in connection with the
distribution of the Shares by you, and to use its best efforts to cause any such
amendment to the Registration Statement to become promptly effective.
(d) Prior to 10:00 a.m., New York City time, on the first business day
after the date of this Agreement and from time to time thereafter for such
period as in the reasonable opinion of counsel for the Underwriters a Prospectus
is required by law to be delivered in connection with sales by an Underwriter or
a dealer, to furnish in New York City to each Underwriter and any dealer as many
copies of the Prospectus (and of any amendment or supplement to the Prospectus)
as such Underwriter or dealer may reasonably request.
April [____], 1999
Page 7
(e) If during the period specified in Section 5(d), any event shall occur
or condition shall exist as a result of which, in the reasonable opinion of
counsel for the Underwriters, it becomes necessary to amend or supplement the
Prospectus in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the
circumstances when the Prospectus is delivered to a purchaser, not misleading,
or if, in the reasonable opinion of counsel for the Underwriters, it is
necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus to comply with applicable law,
forthwith to prepare and file with the Commission an appropriate amendment or
supplement to the Prospectus so that the statements in the Prospectus, as so
amended or supplemented, will not in the light of the circumstances when it is
so delivered, be misleading, or so that the Prospectus will comply with
applicable law, and to furnish to each Underwriter and to any dealer as many
copies thereof as such Underwriter or dealer may reasonably request.
(f) Prior to any public offering of the Shares, to cooperate with you and
counsel for the Underwriters in connection with the registration or
qualification of the Shares for offer and sale by the several Underwriters and
by dealers under the state securities or Blue Sky laws of such jurisdictions as
you may request, to continue such registration or qualification in effect so
long as required for distribution of the Shares and to file such consents to
service of process or other documents as may be necessary in order to effect
such registration or qualification; provided, however, that the Company shall
not be required in connection therewith to qualify as a foreign corporation in
any jurisdiction in which it is not now so qualified or to take any action that
would subject it to general consent to service of process or taxation other than
as to matters and transactions relating to the Prospectus, the Registration
Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus or the offering or sale of the Shares, in
any jurisdiction in which it is not now so subject.
(g) To mail and make generally available to its stockholders as soon as
practicable an earnings statement covering the twelve-month period ending
[__________], 2000 that shall satisfy the provisions of Section 11(a) of the
Act, and to advise you in writing when such statement has been so made
available.
(h) During the period of three years after the date of this Agreement, to
furnish to you as soon as available copies of all reports or other
communications furnished to the record holders of Common Stock or furnished to
or filed with the Commission or any national securities exchange on which any
class of securities
April [____], 1999
Page 8
of the Company is listed and such other publicly available information
concerning the Company and its subsidiaries as you may reasonably request.
(i) Whether or not the transactions contemplated in this Agreement are
consummated or this Agreement is terminated, to pay or cause to be paid all
expenses incident to the performance of its obligations under this Agreement,
including: (i) the fees, disbursements and expenses of the Company's counsel
and the Company's accountants in connection with the registration and delivery
of the Shares under the Act and all other fees and expenses in connection with
the preparation, printing, duplication, filing and distribution of the
Registration Statement (including financial statements and exhibits), the
Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus and all amendments and supplements to any
of the foregoing, including the mailing and delivering of copies thereof to the
Underwriters and dealers in the quantities specified herein, (ii) all costs and
expenses related to the transfer and delivery of the Shares to the Underwriters,
including any transfer or other taxes payable thereon, (iii) all reasonable
document production charges and related expenses of counsel for the Underwriters
(but not including their fees for professional services) related to producing
this Agreement and any other agreements or documents produced by them in
connection with the offering, purchase, sale or delivery of the Shares, (iv) all
expenses in connection with the registration or qualification of the Shares for
offer and sale under the securities or Blue Sky laws of the several states and
all costs of printing or producing any Preliminary and Supplemental Blue Sky
Memoranda in connection therewith (including the filing fees and reasonable fees
and disbursements of counsel for the Underwriters in connection with such
registration or qualification and memoranda relating thereto), (v) the filing
fees and disbursements of counsel for the Underwriters in connection with the
review and clearance of the offering of the Shares by the National Association
of Securities Dealers, Inc., (vi) and all costs and expenses incident to the
listing of the Shares on the Nasdaq National Market, (vii) the cost of printing
certificates representing the Shares, (viii) the costs and charges of any
transfer agent, registrar and/or depositary and (ix) all other costs and
expenses incident to the performance of the obligations of the Company hereunder
for which provision is not otherwise made in this Section.
(j) To use its best efforts to list for quotation the Shares on the
Nasdaq National Market and to maintain the listing of the Shares on the Nasdaq
National Market for a period of three years after the date of this Agreement.
April [____], 1999
Page 9
(k) To use its best efforts to do and perform all things required or
necessary to be done and performed under this Agreement by the Company prior to
the Closing Date or any Option Closing Date, as the case may be, and to satisfy
all conditions precedent to the delivery of the Shares.
(l) If the Registration Statement at the time of the effectiveness of
this Agreement does not cover all of the Shares, to file a Rule 462(b)
Registration Statement with the Commission registering the Shares not so covered
in compliance with Rule 462(b) by 10:00 p.m., New York City time, on the date of
this Agreement and to pay to the Commission the filing fee for such Rule 462(b)
Registration Statement at the time of the filing thereof or to give irrevocable
instructions for the payment of such fee pursuant to Rule 111(b) under the Act.
Section 6. Representations and Warranties of the Company. The Company
represents and warrants to each Underwriter that:
(a) As filed, the Registration Statement, as amended, and the final
Prospectus, shall include all information required by Rule 430A to be included
therein, together with all other such required information, with respect to the
Shares, and the offering thereof, and except to the extent the Underwriters
shall agree in writing to a modification, shall be in all substantive respects
in the form furnished to you prior to the Closing Date. At the time the Company
first filed the Registration Statement, and on the date hereof, the Company
complied with the conditions for use of Form S-3.
(b) (i) On the effective date thereof, the Registration Statement did, and
when the Prospectus is first filed in accordance with Rule 424(b) and on the
Closing Date, the Prospectus will, comply in all material respects with the
applicable requirements of the Act, and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended (the "Exchange Act"), and on the effective date thereof the Registration
Statement did not contain and, as amended, if applicable, will not contain any
untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to
be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading,
(ii) if the Company is required to file a Rule 462(b) Registration Statement
after the effectiveness of this Agreement or if it has filed a Rule 462(b)
Registration Statement before the effectiveness of this Agreement, such Rule
462(b) Registration Statement and any amendments thereto, when they become
effective (or when they became effective) (A) will not (or did not) contain any
untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to
be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading and
(B) will
April [____], 1999
Page 10
(or did) comply in all material respects with the Act, and (iii) the Preliminary
Prospectus did not and the Prospectus does not, and, as amended or supplemented,
if applicable, will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit
to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light
of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, except that the
representations and warranties contained in this paragraph (b) shall not apply
to statements in or omissions from the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or
a Rule 462(b) Registration Statement based upon information relating to the
Underwriters furnished to the Company in writing by the Underwriters expressly
for use therein.
(c) Each of the Company and its subsidiaries has been duly incorporated or
formed, is validly existing as a corporation and is in good standing under the
laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation or formation and has the corporate
power and authority to carry on its business as described in the Prospectus and
to own, lease and operate its respective properties. The Company and each of
its subsidiaries is duly qualified and is in good standing as a foreign
corporation authorized to do business in each jurisdiction in which the nature
of its business or its ownership or leasing of property requires such
qualification, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing
would not have a material adverse effect on the business, prospects, financial
condition or results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as
a whole (a "Material Adverse Effect").
(d) There are no outstanding subscriptions, rights, warrants, options,
calls, convertible securities, commitments of sale or, except as specified on
Schedule A-2, liens granted or issued by the Company or any of its subsidiaries
------------
relating to or entitling any person to purchase or otherwise to acquire any
shares of the capital stock or other equity interest of the Company or any of
its subsidiaries, except as otherwise disclosed in the Prospectus.
(e) All outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company have been duly
authorized and validly issued and are fully paid, non-assessable, subject to
Section 630 of the New York Business Corporation Law (the "BCL").
(f) The entities listed on Schedule A-1 hereto are the only subsidiaries,
------------
direct or indirect, of the Company. The only significant subsidiaries of the
Company, within the meaning of Rule 1-02(w) of Regulation S-X under the Act, are
as set forth on Schedule A-2 hereto (the "Significant Subsidiaries"). Except as
------------
specified on Schedule A-2: all of the outstanding shares of capital stock of
------------
April [____], 1999
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each of the Company's subsidiaries have been duly authorized and validly issued
and are fully paid and non-assessable, subject, in the case of subsidiaries
incorporated in the State of New York, to Section 630 of the BCL, and provided
that the shares of each subsidiary incorporated or formed in jurisdictions
outside the United States of America (the "U.S.") continue to be held by at
least the minimum number of record owners necessary to ensure that such
subsidiary will enjoy limited liability status under the laws of such
jurisdiction, and are owned by the Company, directly or indirectly through one
or more subsidiaries, free and clear of any security interest, claim, lien,
encumbrance or adverse interest of any nature (each, a "Lien").
(g) This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the
Company.
(h) The Shares have been duly authorized and, when issued and delivered to
the Underwriters against payment therefor as provided by this Agreement, will be
validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, subject to Section 630 of the
BCL, and the issuance of such Shares will not be subject to any preemptive or
similar rights.
(i) The authorized capital stock of the Company conforms as to legal
matters to the description thereof contained in the Prospectus.
(j) Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is in violation of its
respective charter or by-laws or in default in the performance of any
obligation, agreement, covenant or condition contained in any indenture, loan
agreement, mortgage, lease or other agreement or instrument that is material to
the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, to which the Company or any
of its subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its
subsidiaries or their respective property is bound, which violation or default
would have a Material Adverse Effect.
(k) The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by the
Company, compliance by the Company with all provisions hereof and the
consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated hereby will not (i)
require any consent, approval, authorization or other order of, or qualification
with, any court or governmental body or agency (except such as may be required
under applicable federal, state and foreign securities laws), including without
limitation the Federal Communication Commission (the "FCC"), (ii) conflict with
April [____], 1999
Page 12
or constitute a breach of any of the terms or provisions of, or a default under,
the charter or by-laws of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any
indenture, loan agreement, mortgage, lease or other agreement or instrument that
is material to the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, to which the
Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of
its subsidiaries or their respective property is bound, (iii) assuming the
Shares are offered, sold, issued and delivered under the circumstances
contemplated by the Prospectus and this Agreement, violate or conflict with any
applicable law or any rule, regulation, judgment, order or decree of any court
or any governmental body or agency having jurisdiction over the Company, any of
its subsidiaries or their respective property, (iv) result in the imposition or
creation of (or the obligation to create or impose) a Lien under, any agreement
or instrument, to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or by
which the Company or any of its subsidiaries or their respective property is
bound, (v) result in the termination, suspension or revocation of any
Authorization (as defined below) of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or
result in any other impairment of the rights of the holder of any such
Authorization.
(l) There are no legal or governmental proceedings pending or, to the
knowledge of the Company, threatened to which the Company or any of its
subsidiaries is or could reasonably be expected to become a party or to which
any of their respective property is or could reasonably be expected to become
subject, which could reasonably be expected to result, singly or in the
aggregate, in a Material Adverse Effect that are required to be described in the
Registration Statement and Prospectus and are not so described.
(m) Neither the Company nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any of its
subsidiaries has violated any foreign, federal, state or local law or regulation
relating to the protection of human health and safety, the environment or
hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants
("Environmental Laws"), any provisions of the Employee Retirement Income
Security Act of 1974, as amended ("ERISA"), except for such violations which,
singly or in the aggregate, would not have a Material Adverse Effect.
(n) There are no costs or liabilities associated with Environmental Laws
(including, without limitation, any capital or operating expenditures required
for clean-up, closure of properties or compliance with Environmental Laws or any
Authorization, any related constraints on operating activities and any potential
liabilities to third parties) which would, singly or in the aggregate, have a
Material
April [____], 1999
Page 13
Adverse Effect that are required to be described in the Registration Statement
or Prospectus and are not so described.
(o) Each of the Company and its subsidiaries has such permits, licenses,
consents, exemptions, franchises, authorizations and other approvals (each, an
"Authorization") of, and has made all filings with and notices to, all
governmental or regulatory authorities and self-regulatory organizations and all
courts and other tribunals, including, without limitation, under any applicable
Environmental Laws, as are necessary to own, lease, license and operate its
respective properties and to conduct its business, except those which have been
commenced but not completed in respect of the recordation of title to certain
real property in Switzerland or where the failure to have any such Authorization
or to make any such filing or notice would not, singly or in the aggregate, have
a Material Adverse Effect. Each such Authorization is valid and in full force
and effect and each of the Company and its subsidiaries is in compliance in all
material respects with all the terms and conditions thereof and with the rules
and regulations of the authorities and governing bodies having jurisdiction with
respect thereto; and no event has occurred (including, without limitation, the
receipt of any notice from any authority or governing body) which allows or,
after notice or lapse of time or both, would allow, revocation, suspension or
termination of any such Authorization or results or, after notice or lapse of
time or both, would result in any other impairment of the rights of the holder
of any such Authorization; except in the case of any of the foregoing, where
such failure to be valid and in full force and effect or to be in compliance or
the occurrence of any such event would not, singly or in the aggregate, have a
Material Adverse Effect.
(p) The Company has obtained competitive local exchange carrier ("CLEC")
authorization or regulatory approval to provide CLEC services in each of the
following states: New York, Virginia, Colorado and Texas. No such regulatory
approval has been withdrawn, modified or suspended and, to the Company's
knowledge, no such regulatory approval is the subject of any legal challenge
(except as disclosed in the Prospectus).
(q) The accountants, PriceWaterhouse Coopers LLP, that have certified the
financial statements included or incorporated by reference in the Registration
Statement and Prospectus, are independent public accountants with respect to the
Company, as required by the Act and the Exchange Act. The historical financial
statements, together with related notes, set forth in the Prospectus comply as
to
April [____], 1999
Page 14
form in all material respects with the requirements applicable to registration
statements on Form S-1 under the Act.
(r) The historical financial statements, together with related schedules
and notes, forming part of the Registration Statement and Prospectus (and any
amendment or supplement thereto), present fairly the consolidated financial
position, results of operations and changes in financial position of the Company
and its subsidiaries on the basis stated in the Prospectus at the respective
dates or for the respective periods to which they apply; such statements and
related schedules and notes have been prepared in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles consistently applied throughout the periods
involved, except as disclosed therein; and the other financial and statistical
information and data relating to the Company and its subsidiaries set forth in
or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and Prospectus (and
any amendment or supplement thereto) are, in all material respects, fairly
presented and, to the extent derived therefrom, prepared on a basis consistent
with such financial statements and the books and records of the Company.
(s) The Company is not and, after giving effect to the offering and sale
of the Shares and the application of the net proceeds thereof as described in
the Registration Statement and Prospectus, will not be, an "investment company,"
as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
(t) Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries nor any agent thereof
acting on the behalf of them has taken, and none of them will take, any action
that might cause this Agreement or the issuance or sale of the Shares to violate
Regulation G (12 C.F.R. Part 207), Regulation T (12 C.F.R. Part 220), Regulation
U (12 C.F.R. Part 221) or Regulation X (12 C.F.R. Part 224) of the Board of
Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
(u) Since the respective dates as of which information is given in the
Registration Statement and Prospectus other than as set forth in the
Registration Statement and Prospectus (exclusive of any amendments or
supplements thereto subsequent to the date of this Agreement), (i) there has not
occurred any material adverse change or any development that is reasonably
expected to result in a material adverse change in the condition, financial or
otherwise, or the earnings, business, management or operations of the Company
and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, (ii) there has not been any material
adverse change or any development that is reasonably expected to result in a
material adverse change in the capital
April [____], 1999
Page 15
stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or the consolidated long-term
debt of the Company and its subsidiaries and (iii) neither the Company nor any
of its subsidiaries has incurred any liability or obligation, direct or
contingent, which could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse
Effect.
(v) Each certificate signed by any officer of the Company and delivered to
the Underwriters or counsel for the Underwriters on the Closing Date shall be
deemed to be a representation and warranty by the Company to the Underwriters as
of the date thereof (or such other date specified therein) as to the matters
certified thereby.
(w) The Common Stock (including the Shares) is registered pursuant to
Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act and is listed for quotation on the Nasdaq
National Market. The Company has taken no action designed to, or likely to have
the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common Stock under the
Exchange Act or delisting the Common Stock from the Nasdaq National Market, nor
has the Company received any notification that the Commission or the Nasdaq
National Market is contemplating terminating such registration or listing.
(x) The Company and its subsidiaries own or possess, or can acquire on
reasonable terms, all patent rights, licenses, inventions, copyrights, know-how
(including trade secrets and other unpatented and/or unpatentable proprietary or
confidential information, systems or procedures), trademarks, service marks and
trade names ("intellectual property") currently employed by them in connection
with the business now operated by them, except where the failure to own or
possess or otherwise be able to acquire such intellectual property would not,
singly or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect; and neither the
Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received any notice of infringement of
or conflict with asserted rights of others with respect to any of such
intellectual property which, singly or in the aggregate, if the subject of an
unfavorable decision, ruling or finding, would have a Material Adverse Effect.
(y) The Company and its subsidiaries have good and marketable title to all
real property owned by them and good and valid title to all personal property
owned by them which is material to the business of the Company and its
subsidiaries, in each case, free and clear or all Liens and defects, except such
as are described in the Registration Statement and Prospectus or referenced to
on Schedule A-2 and such others as do not, singly or in the aggregate,
------------
materially affect the value of such property and do not interfere with the use
made and
April [____], 1999
Page 16
proposed to be made of such property by the Company and its subsidiaries; and
any real property and buildings held under lease by the Company and its
subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases
with such exceptions as do not materially interfere with the use made and
proposed to be made of such property and buildings by the Company and its
subsidiaries.
(z) The Company and its subsidiaries are in compliance in all material
respects with all applicable laws, statutes, ordinances, rules or regulations of
any applicable jurisdiction, the enforcement of which, individually or in the
aggregate, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(aa) The Company has filed with the Commission all documents required to
have been filed by the Company pursuant to the Exchange Act. Each such
document, when filed with the Commission, conformed in all material respects to
the requirements of the Exchange Act and did not contain an untrue statement of
a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein
or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under
which they were made, not misleading.
(bb) The Company and its subsidiaries carry or are entitled to the
benefits of insurance in such amounts and covering such risks as is generally
deemed by the Company to be adequate for their business, and all such insurance
is in full force and effect.
(cc) The Company and its subsidiaries maintain a system of internal
accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that (i)
transactions are executed in accordance with management's general and specific
authorizations; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit the
preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted
accounting principles and to maintain accountability for assets; (iii) access to
assets is permitted only in accordance with management's general or specific
authorizations; and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with
the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with
respect to any differences.
(dd) No relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or among any of
the Company or any affiliate of the Company, on the one hand, and any director,
officer, shareholder, customer or supplier of any of them, on the other hand,
April [____], 1999
Page 17
which is required by the Act to be described in the Registration Statement and
Prospectus which is not described as required.
(ee) Neither the Company nor to the knowledge of the Company, any of its
officers, directors, partners, employees or affiliates has directly or
indirectly, given or agreed to give any money, gift or similar benefit (other
than legal price or services concessions to customers) to any customer,
supplier, employee or agent of a customer or supplier, official or employee of
any governmental agency (domestic or foreign), instrumentality of any government
(domestic or foreign) or other person who was, is or is reasonably likely to be
in a position to help or hinder the business of the Company (or assist the
Company in connection with any actual or proposed transaction) which (a) would
reasonably be expected to subject the Company to any damage or penalty in any
civil, criminal or governmental litigation or proceeding (domestic or foreign),
which would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect (b) if not
given in the past, would reasonably be expected to have had a Material Adverse
Effect or (c) if not continued in the future, would reasonably be expected to
have a Material Adverse Effect.
(ff) All material tax returns required to be filed by the Company in all
jurisdictions have been so filed, except insofar as the failure to file such
returns would not have a Material Adverse Effect, or appropriate extensions for
such filings have been obtained as required by law. All taxes, including
withholding taxes, penalties and interest, assessments, fees and other charges
due pursuant to such returns or pursuant to any assessment received by the
Company have been paid, other than those being contested in good faith and for
which adequate reserves have been provided. To the knowledge of the Company,
there are no material proposed additional tax assessments against the Company or
the assets or property of the Company. The Company has made adequate charges,
accruals and reserves in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles in the applicable financial statements included in the Prospectus in
respect of all federal, state and foreign income and franchise taxes for all
periods as to which the tax liability of the Company has not been finally
determined.
(gg) The Company has not (i) taken, directly or indirectly, any action
designed to, or that might reasonably be expected to, cause or result in
stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to
facilitate the sale or resale of the Shares or (ii) since the date of the
Preliminary Prospectus, except for underwriting fees, discounts and commissions
agreed to by
April [____], 1999
Page 18
the Company in connection with the offering of the Shares and the concurrent
offering of the Series C Preferred Stock, (1) sold, bid for, purchased or paid
any person any compensation for soliciting purchases of, the Shares or (2) paid
or agreed to pay to any person any compensation for soliciting another to
purchase any other securities of the Company.
(hh) Except pursuant to this Agreement, there are no contracts, agreements
or understandings between the Company and any other person that would give rise
to a valid claim against the Company or either of the Underwriters for a
brokerage commission, finder's fee or like payment in connection with the
issuance, purchase and sale of the Shares.
(ii) The statements (including the assumptions described therein) included
in the Prospectus, to the extent such statements constitute forward looking
statements as defined in Rule 175(c) under the Act, (a) are to the Company's
knowledge and belief, within the coverage of Rule 175(b) under the Act and (b)
were made by the Company with a reasonable basis and reflect the Company's good
faith estimate of the matters described therein.
(jj) To the knowledge of the Company, (a) no action has been taken and no
statue, rule, regulation or order has been enacted, adopted or issued by any
governmental agency that prevents the issuance of the Shares or prevents or
suspends the use of the Prospectus; (b) no injunction, restraining order or
order of any nature by a federal or state court of competent jurisdiction has
been issued that prevents the issuance of the Shares, prevents or suspends the
sale of the Shares in any jurisdiction referred to in Section 4(d) hereof or
that could adversely affect the consummation of the transactions contemplated by
this Agreement or the Prospectus; and (c) every request of any securities
authority or agency of any jurisdiction for additional information has been
complied with in all material respects.
(kk) The disclosures in the Registration Statement and Prospectus related
to Year 2000 compliance comply in all material respects with the requirements of
SEC Release 33-7558.
The Company acknowledges that the Underwriters and, for purposes of the
opinions to be delivered to the Underwriters pursuant to Section 8(e) hereof,
counsel to the Company and counsel to the Representatives will rely upon the
April [____], 1999
Page 19
accuracy and truth of the foregoing representations and warranties and hereby
consents to such reliance.
Section 7. Indemnification.
(a) The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter,
its directors, its officers and each person, if any, who controls any
Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the Act or Section 20 of the
Exchange Act from and against any and all losses, claims, damages, expenses,
liabilities and judgments (including, without limitation, any legal or other
expenses incurred in connection with investigating or defending any matter,
including any action, that could give rise to any such losses, claims, damages,
expenses, liabilities or judgments) caused by any untrue statement or alleged
untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement (or
any amendment thereto), the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto)
or the Preliminary Prospectus, or caused by any omission or alleged omission to
state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make
the statements therein not misleading, except insofar as such losses, claims,
damages, expenses, liabilities or judgments are caused by any such untrue
statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission based upon
information relating to any Underwriter furnished in writing to the Company by
or on behalf of such Underwriter through you expressly for use therein;
provided, however, that the foregoing indemnity agreement with respect to the
Preliminary Prospectus shall not inure to the benefit of any Underwriter who
failed to deliver a Prospectus, as then amended or supplemented (so long as the
Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto was provided by the Company
to the several Underwriters in the requisite quantity and on a timely basis to
permit proper delivery on or prior to the Closing Date), to the person asserting
any losses, claims, damages, expenses, liabilities or judgments caused by any
untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in
such Preliminary Prospectus, or caused by any omission or alleged omission to
state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make
the statements therein not misleading, if such material misstatement or omission
or alleged material misstatement or omission was cured in the Prospectus, as so
amended or supplemented, and such Prospectus was required by law to be delivered
at or prior to the written confirmation of sale to such person.
(b) Each Underwriter agrees, severally and not jointly, to indemnify and
hold harmless the Company, its directors, its officers who sign the Registration
April [____], 1999
Page 20
Statement and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning
of Section 15 of the Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, to the same extent
as the foregoing indemnity from the Company to such Underwriter but only with
reference to information relating to such Underwriter furnished in writing to
the Company by such Underwriter through you expressly for use in the
Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), the Prospectus (or any
amendment or supplement thereto) or the Preliminary Prospectus; provided,
--------
however, that in no case shall any Underwriter be liable or responsible for any
amount in excess of the underwriting discount applicable to the Shares purchased
by such Underwriter hereunder.
(c) In case any action shall be commenced involving any person in respect
of which indemnity may be sought pursuant to Section 7(a) or 7(b) (the
"indemnified party"), the indemnified party shall promptly notify the person
against whom such indemnity may be sought (the "indemnifying party") in writing
(but the failure so to notify an indemnifying party shall not relieve the
indemnifying party from any liability wich it may have under this Section 7,
except to the extent that the indemnifying party has been prejudiced in any
material respect by such failure, or from any liability that it may have
otherwise) and the indemnifying party shall assume the defense of such action,
including the employment of counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified
party and the payment of all reasonable fees and expenses of such counsel, as
incurred (except that in the case of any action in respect of which indemnity
may be sought pursuant to both Sections 7(a) and 7(b), the Underwriter shall not
be required to assume the defense of such action pursuant to this Section 7(c),
but may employ separate counsel and participate in the defense thereof, but the
fees and expenses of such counsel, except as provided below, shall be at the
expense of such Underwriter). Any indemnified party shall have the right to
employ separate counsel in any such action and participate in the defense
thereof, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of
the indemnified party unless (i) the employment of such counsel shall have been
specifically authorized in writing by the indemnifying party, (ii) the
indemnifying party shall have failed to assume the defense of such action or
employ counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party or (iii) the
named parties to any such action (including any impleaded parties) include both
the indemnified party and the indemnifying party, and the indemnified party
shall have been advised by such counsel that there may be one or more legal
defenses available to it which are different from or additional to those
available to the indemnifying party (in which case the indemnifying party
April [____], 1999
Page 21
shall not have the right to assume the defense of such action on behalf of the
indemnified party). In any such case, the indemnifying party shall not, in
connection with any one action or separate but substantially similar or related
actions in the same jurisdiction arising out of the same general allegations or
circumstances, be liable for the fees and expenses of more than one separate
firm of attorneys (in addition to any local counsel) for all indemnified parties
and all such fees and expenses shall be reimbursed as they are incurred. Such
firm shall be designated in writing by ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Securities
Corporation, in the case of parties indemnified pursuant to Section 7(a), and by
the Company, in the case of parties indemnified pursuant to Section 7(b). The
indemnifying party shall indemnify and hold harmless the indemnified party from
and against any and all losses, claims, damages, expenses, liabilities and
judgments by reason of any settlement of any action (i) effected with its
written consent or (ii) effected without its written consent if the settlement
is entered into more than twenty business days after the indemnifying party
shall have received a request from the indemnified party for reimbursement for
the fees and expenses of counsel (in any case where such fees and expenses are
at the expense of the indemnifying party) and, prior to the date of such
settlement, the indemnifying party shall have failed to comply with such
reimbursement request. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written
consent of the indemnified party, effect any settlement or compromise of, or
consent to the entry of judgment with respect to, any pending or threatened
action in respect of which the indemnified party is or could have been a party
and indemnity or contribution may be or could have been sought hereunder by the
indemnified party, unless such settlement, compromise or judgment (i) includes
an unconditional release of the indemnified party from all liability on claims
that are or could have been the subject matter of such action and (ii) does not
include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to
act, by or on behalf of the indemnified party.
(d) To the extent the indemnification provided for in this Section 7 is
unavailable to an indemnified party or insufficient in respect of any losses,
claims, damages, expenses, liabilities or judgments referred to therein, then
each indemnifying party, in lieu of indemnifying such indemnified party, shall
contribute to the amount paid or payable by such indemnified party as a result
of such losses, claims, damages, expenses, liabilities and judgments (i) in such
proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the
Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other hand from the offering
of the Shares or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause 7(d)(i) above is not
permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not
only the relative benefits referred to in clause 7(d)(i) above but also the
relative
April [____], 1999
Page 22
fault of the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other hand in
connection with the statements or omissions which resulted in such losses,
claims, damages, expenses, liabilities or judgments, as well as any other
relevant equitable considerations. The relative benefits received by the Company
on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other hand shall be deemed to be in
the same proportion as the total net proceeds from the offering (after deducting
underwriting discounts and commissions, but before deducting expenses) received
by the Company, and the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by
the Underwriters, bear to the total price to the public of the Shares, in each
case as set forth in the table on the cover page of the Prospectus. The relative
fault of the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other hand
shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or
alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission
to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or the
Underwriters and the parties' relative intent, knowledge, access to information
and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission.
The Company and the Underwriters agree that it would not be just and
equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 7(d) were determined by pro
rata allocation (even if the Underwriters were treated as one entity for such
purpose) or by any other method of allocation which does not take account of the
equitable considerations referred to in the immediately preceding paragraph.
The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result of the losses,
claims, expenses, damages, liabilities or judgments referred to in the
immediately preceding paragraph shall be deemed to include, subject to the
limitations set forth above, any legal or other expenses incurred by such
indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending any matter,
including any action, that could have given rise to such losses, claims,
expenses, damages, liabilities or judgments. Notwithstanding the provisions of
this Section 7, no Underwriter shall be required to contribute any amount in
excess of the amount by which the total price at which the Shares underwritten
by it and distributed to the public were offered to the public exceeds the
amount of any damages which such Underwriter has otherwise been required to pay
by reason of such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged
omission. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning
of Section 11(f) of the Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person
who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. The Underwriters'
obligations to contribute pursuant to this Section 7(d) are several in
proportion to the respective number of Shares purchased by each of the
Underwriters hereunder and not joint.
April [____], 1999
Page 23
(e) The remedies provided for in this Section 7 are not exclusive and
shall not limit any rights or remedies which may otherwise be available to any
indemnified party at law or in equity.
Section 8. Conditions of Underwriters' Obligations. The several
obligations of the Underwriters to purchase the Firm Shares under this Agreement
are subject to the satisfaction of each of the following conditions:
(a) All the representations and warranties of the Company contained in
this Agreement shall be true and correct on the Closing Date with the same force
and effect as if made on and as of the Closing Date.
(b) If the Company is required to file a Rule 462(b) Registration
Statement after the effectiveness of this Agreement, such Rule 462(b)
Registration Statement shall have become effective by 10:00 p.m., New York City
time, on the date of this Agreement; and no stop order suspending the
effectiveness of the Registration Statement shall have been issued and no
proceedings for that purpose shall have been commenced or shall be pending
before or contemplated by the Commission.
(c) You shall have received on the Closing Date a certificate, dated the
Closing Date, signed, on behalf of the Company, by ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ and
▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. Postal, in their capacities as the Chairman and Chief Executive
Officer and Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, respectively, of
the Company, confirming the matters set forth in Sections 6(s), 8(a) and 8(b)
and stating that, to the best of their knowledge based upon reasonable
investigation, the Company has complied with all of the agreements and satisfied
all of the conditions herein contained and required to be complied with or
satisfied by the Company on or prior to the Closing Date.
(d) Since the respective dates as of which information is given in the
Prospectus other than as set forth in the Prospectus (exclusive of any
amendments or supplements thereto subsequent to the date of this Agreement), (i)
there shall not have occurred any change or any development involving a
prospective change in the condition, financial or otherwise, or the earnings,
business, management or operations of the Company and its subsidiaries taken as
a whole, (ii) there shall not have been any change or any development involving
a prospective change in the capital stock or in the long-term debt of the
Company or any of its subsidiaries and (iii) neither the Company nor any of its
subsidiaries shall have incurred any liability or obligation, direct or
contingent, the effect of which, in any such case described in clause 8(d)(i),
8(d)(ii) or 8(d)(iii), in your judgment, is material and
April [____], 1999
Page 24
adverse and makes it impracticable to market the Shares on the terms and in the
manner contemplated in the Prospectus.
(e) You shall have received on the Closing Date an opinion
(satisfactory to you and counsel for the Underwriters), dated the Closing Date,
of Nixon, Hargrave, Devans & ▇▇▇▇▇ LLP, counsel for the Company (or, as to
matters relating to foreign subsidiaries, such other local counsel as may be
satisfactory to the Underwiters) to the effect that:
(i) The Company has been duly incorporated, is validly existing
as a corporation in good standing under the laws of the State of New York
and has the corporate power and authority to carry on its business as
described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and to own,
lease and operate its properties as described in the Registration
Statement and the Prospectus;
(ii) The Company is duly qualified as a foreign corporation to
transact business and is in good standing in the Commonwealth of Virginia
and in each other U.S. jurisdiction in which such qualification is
required, whether by reason of the ownership or leasing of property or
the conduct of business, except where the failure so to qualify or to be
in good standing would not have a Material Adverse Effect;
(iii) the authorized capital stock of the Company consists of (i)
30,000,000 shares of preferred stock of the Company, par value $.01 per
share, 1,000,000 shares of which have been designated Series A Junior
Participating Preferred Stock; and [___________] of which have been
designated [____]% Series C Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock; and
(ii) 250,000,000 shares of common stock of the Company, par value $.01
per share;
(iv) all the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company
have been duly authorized and validly issued and, to such counsel's
knowledge, are fully paid, non-assessable (subject to Section 630 of the
BCL) and not subject to any preemptive or similar rights.
April [____], 1999
Page 25
(v) Each of the Significant Subsidiaries (each, a "Significant
Subsidiary" and collectively, the "Significant Subsidiaries") has been
duly incorporated and is validly existing as a corporation in good
standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation, has
corporate power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties
and to conduct its business as described in the Registration Statement
and the Prospectus and is duly qualified as a foreign corporation to
transact business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which
such qualification is required, whether by reason of the ownership or
leasing of property or the conduct of business, except where the failure
so to qualify or to be in good standing would not have a Material Adverse
Effect; except as provided on Schedule A-2: all of the issued and
------------
outstanding capital stock of each such Significant Subsidiary has been
duly authorized and validly issued, and, to such counsel's knowledge, is
fully paid and non-assessable, subject, in the case of each Significant
Subsidiary incorporated in the State of New York, to Section 630 of the
BCL, and provided that the shares of each subsidiary incorporated in
jurisdictions outside the U.S. continue to be held by at least the
minimum number of record owners necessary to ensure that such subsidiary
will enjoy limited liability status under the laws of such jurisdiction;
to the knowledge of such counsel, except as specifically noted, all of
the issued and outstanding capital stock of each such Significant
Subsidiary is owned by the Company, directly or through subsidiaries,
except for such shares as are held by a minimum number of recordholders
to ensure that such subsidiary will enjoy limited liability status under
the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation, free and clear of any
security interest or adverse claim (as defined in Article 8 of the
Uniform Commercial Code).
(vi) the Shares have been duly authorized and when issued,
delivered and sold by the Company against payment therefor in accordance
with this Agreement will be duly authorized, validly issued and
outstanding, fully paid and non-assessable, (subject to Section 630 of
the BCL) and to the knowledge of such counsel, and will not be subject to
any preemptive rights of any shareholder of the Company or any similar
rights. Upon delivery of certificates evidencing the Shares and payment
therefor as contemplated hereby, the Underwriters will acquire good,
valid and marketable title to the
April [____], 1999
Page 26
Shares (and the Additional Shares, if any) free of any adverse claim,
assuming the Underwriters are acting in good faith and without notice of
any adverse claim. The Shares and the Additional Shares conform in all
material respects as to legal matters to the descriptions thereof
contained in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus under the
caption "Description of Common Stock." The form of certificate evidencing
the Shares to be delivered hereunder complies as to form in all material
respects with the requirements of the BCL.
(vii) such counsel is of the opinion ascribed to it in the
Prospectus under the caption "Important U.S. Tax Consequences to Non-U.S.
Holders," subject to the qualifications and limitations contained
thereunder;
(viii) to such counsel's knowledge, neither the Company nor any of
its Significant Subsidiaries is in violation of its respective
certificate of incorporation or by-laws, except to the extent any such
violation would not have a Material Adverse Effect;
(ix) to such counsel's knowledge, the Company and its Significant
Subsidiaries are in compliance with all judgments, decrees and orders of
any court to which they are subject, except to the extent any such
violation or noncompliance would not have a Material Adverse Effect;
(x) the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by
the Company, and the consummation by the Company of the transactions
contemplated hereby will not (i) require any consent, approval,
authorization or other order of, or qualification with, any court or
governmental body or agency (except such as may be required under
applicable federal, state and local securities laws), (ii) to such
counsel's knowledge, constitute a breach of any of the terms or
provisions of, or a default under, the charter or by-laws of the Company
or any of the Significant
April [____], 1999
Page 27
Subsidiaries or any material indenture, loan agreement or mortgage filed
or incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the Company's Annual Report
on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1998 known to such counsel
to which the Company or any of the Significant Subsidiaries is a party or
by which the Company or any of the Significant Subsidiaries or their
respective property is bound, (iii) to such counsel's knowledge, assuming
the Shares are offered, sold, issued and delivered under the
circumstances contemplated by the Prospectus and this Agreement, violate
or conflict with any applicable law or any rule or regulation which in
such counsel's experience is normally applicable to transactions of the
type contemplated by this Agreement, or any judgment, order or decree
known to such counsel of any court or any governmental body or agency
having jurisdiction over the Company, any of the Significant Subsidiaries
or their respective property, (iv) to such counsel's knowledge, except as
disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, result in the
imposition or creation of (or the obligation to create or impose) a Lien
under, any material agreement, lease, instrument or indenture filed or
incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the Company's Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1998, or (v) to such counsel's
knowledge, result in the termination, suspension or revocation of any
material Authorization (as defined above) of the Company or any of its
Significant Subsidiaries or result in any other impairment of the rights
of the holder of any such Authorization, in each case in clause (ii),
(iii), (iv) or (v) above (except in the case of the Shares), where the
conflict, breach, default, imposition or violation, considered alone or
taken together with all such other conflicts, breaches, impositions or
violations, might have a Material Adverse Effect ;
(xi) except as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the
Prospectus, such counsel does not know of any action, suit or proceeding
pending or threatened to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is
a party or to which any of their respective property is subject, before
or brought by any court or governmental agency or body, which could
reasonably be expected to result, singly or in the aggregate, in a
Material Adverse Effect;
(xii) the Company is not and, after giving effect to the offering
and sale of the Shares and the application of the net proceeds thereof as
described in the Registration Statement and Prospectus, will not be, an
"investment company" as such term is defined in the Investment Company
Act of 1940, as amended;
April [____], 1999
Page 28
(xiii) this Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and
delivered by the Company;
(xiv) the Registration Statement has become effective under the
Act, no stop order suspending its effectiveness has been issued and, to
such counsel's knowledge, no proceedings for that purpose are, pending
before or threatened by the Commission;
(xv) the statements under the captions "Description of Common
Stock" and "Underwriting" in the Prospectus except for the matters set
forth in the third, fourth, sixth, thirteenth and fourteenth paragraphs
under the caption "Underwriting", as to which such counsel need express
no opinion, in each case insofar as such statements constitute a summary
of the legal matters, documents or proceedings referred to therein,
fairly present in all material respects the information called for with
respect to such legal matters, documents and proceedings;
(xvi) to such counsel's knowledge, there are no written contracts
or agreements between the Company and any person granting such person the
right to require the Company to file a registration statement under the
Act with respect to any securities of the Company except as described in
the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, and no person has the
right which has not been waived to require the Company to include any
securities with the Shares registered pursuant to the Registration
Statement; and
(xvii) the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and any
supplement or amendment thereto (except for the financial statements,
noted thereto and supporting schedules and other financial, numerical,
statistical and accounting information and data included or incorporated
by reference therein, as to which no opinion need be expressed) comply as
to form in all material respects with the Act.
The opinion of Nixon, Hargrave, Devans & ▇▇▇▇▇ LLP described in Section
8(e) above shall be rendered to you at the request of the Company and shall so
state therein. In rendering such opinion, such counsel may (i) rely on
certificates of the Company or of officers of the Company as to matters of fact
and on certificates of and other information from governmental officials, and
(ii)
April [____], 1999
Page 29
state that it is opining only as to matters of federal and New York law
and, with respect to certain of the Significant Subsidiaries, the General
Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. In giving its opinion described in
Section 8(e), such counsel shall also state that, although such counsel has not
undertaken to determine independently, and therefore does not assume any
responsibility, explicitly or implicitly, for, the accuracy, completeness or
fairness of the statements contained in the Registration Statement and
Prospectus (and any amendments or supplements thereto), such counsel has
participated in the preparation of the Registration Statement and the Prospectus
(and any amendments or supplements thereto), including review and discussion of
the contents thereof and that, based upon and subject to the foregoing, nothing
has come to their attention that causes them to believe that, as of the
respective dates of the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, the
Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, contained
or contains an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or omits to state
a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, not
misleading, and that the Prospectus as of the Closing Date, contained or
contains an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or omits to state a
material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the
circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. Such counsel need
make no statement as to the financial statements (including, without limitation,
pro forma financial statements), notes thereto and supporting schedules and
other financial, numerical, statistical and accounting information and data
(including, without limitation, other pro forma financial, numerical,
statistical and accounting information and data) included in the Registration
Statement and the Prospectus (and any amendments or supplements thereto) or
omitted therefrom.
In giving such opinion with respect to the matters covered by Section 8(e)
counsel for the Company may state that its opinion and belief are based upon its
participation in the preparation of the Registration Statement and Prospectus
and any amendments or supplements thereto and review and discussion of the
contents thereof, but are without independent check or verification except as
specified.
(f) You shall have received on the Closing Date an opinion, dated the
Closing Date, of Paul, Hastings, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇▇ LLP, counsel for the
Underwriters, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Underwriters.
(g) You shall have received, on each of the date hereof and the Closing
Date, a letter dated the date hereof or the Closing Date, as the case may be, in
April [____], 1999
Page 30
form and substance satisfactory to you, from PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP,
independent public accountants, containing the information and statements of the
type ordinarily included in accountants' "comfort letters" to underwriters with
respect to the financial statements and certain financial information contained
in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, [including, without
limitation, an examination of "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations" in accordance with Statement on Standards
for Attestation Engagements No. 8.]
(h) The Company shall have delivered to you the agreements specified in
Section 2 hereof which agreements shall be in full force and effect on the
Closing Date.
(i) The Shares shall have been duly listed for quotation on the Nasdaq
National Market.
(j) The Company shall not have failed on or prior to the Closing Date to
perform or comply with any of the agreements herein contained and required to be
performed or complied with by the Company on or prior to the Closing Date.
The several obligations of the Underwriters to purchase any Additional
Shares hereunder are subject to the delivery to you on the applicable Option
Closing Date of such documents as you may reasonably request with respect to the
good standing of the Company, the due authorization and issuance of such
Additional Shares and other matters related to the issuance of such Additional
Shares.
Section 9. Effectiveness of Agreement and Termination. This Agreement
shall become effective upon the execution and delivery of this Agreement by the
parties hereto.
This Agreement may be terminated at any time on or prior to the Closing
Date by you by written notice to the Company if any of the following has
occurred: (i) any outbreak or escalation of hostilities or other national or
international calamity or crisis or change in economic conditions or in the
financial markets of the United States or elsewhere that, in your judgment, is
material and adverse and, in your judgment, makes it impracticable to market the
Shares on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the Prospectus, (ii) the
suspension or material limitation of trading in securities or other instruments
on the New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange, the Chicago Board
April [____], 1999
Page 31
of Options Exchange, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, the Chicago Board of Trade
or the Nasdaq National Market or limitation on prices for securities or other
instruments on any such exchange or the Nasdaq National Market, (iii) the
suspension of trading of any securities of the Company on any exchange or in the
over-the-counter market, (iv) the enactment, publication, decree or other
promulgation of any federal or state statute, regulation, rule or order of any
court or other governmental authority which in your opinion materially and
adversely affects, or will materially and adversely affect, the business,
prospects, financial condition or results of operations of the Company and its
subsidiaries, taken as a whole, (v) the declaration of a banking moratorium by
either federal or New York State authorities or (vi) the taking of any action by
any federal, state or local government or agency in respect of its monetary or
fiscal affairs which in your opinion has a material adverse effect on the
financial markets in the United States.
If on the Closing Date or on an Option Closing Date, as the case may be,
any one or more of the Underwriters shall fail or refuse to purchase the Firm
Shares or Additional Shares, as the case may be, which it has or they have
agreed to purchase hereunder on such date and the aggregate number of Firm
Shares or Additional Shares, as the case may be, which such defaulting
Underwriter or Underwriters agreed but failed or refused to purchase is not more
than one-tenth of the total number of Firm Shares or Additional Shares, as the
case may be, to be purchased on such date by all Underwriters, each non-
defaulting Underwriter shall be obligated severally, in the proportion which the
number of Firm Shares set forth opposite its name in Schedule I bears to the
total number of Firm Shares which all the non-defaulting Underwriters have
agreed to purchase, or in such other proportion as you may specify, to purchase
the Firm Shares or Additional Shares, as the case may be, which such defaulting
Underwriter or Underwriters agreed but failed or refused to purchase on such
date; provided that in no event shall the number of Firm Shares or Additional
Shares, as the case may be, which any Underwriter has agreed to purchase
pursuant to Section 2 hereof be increased pursuant to this Section 9 by an
amount in excess of one-ninth of such number of Firm Shares or Additional
Shares, as the case may be, without the written consent of such Underwriter. If
on the Closing Date any Underwriter or Underwriters shall fail or refuse to
purchase Firm Shares and the aggregate number of Firm Shares with respect to
which such default occurs is more than one-tenth of the aggregate number of Firm
Shares to be purchased by all Underwriters and arrangements satisfactory to you
and the Company for purchase of such Firm Shares are not made within 48 hours
after such default, this Agreement will terminate without liability on the part
of any non-defaulting Underwriter and the Company. In any such case which does
not result in termination of this
April [____], 1999
Page 32
Agreement, either you or the Company shall have the right to postpone the
Closing Date, but in no event for longer than seven days, in order that the
required changes, if any, in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus or
any other documents or arrangements may be effected. If, on an Option Closing
Date, any Underwriter or Underwriters shall fail or refuse to purchase
Additional Shares and the aggregate number of Additional Shares with respect to
which such default occurs is more than one-tenth of the aggregate number of
Additional Shares to be purchased on such date, the non-defaulting Underwriters
shall have the option to (i) terminate their obligation hereunder to purchase
such Additional Shares or (ii) purchase not less than the number of Additional
Shares that such non-defaulting Underwriters would have been obligated to
purchase on such date in the absence of such default. Any action taken under
this paragraph shall not relieve any defaulting Underwriter from liability in
respect of any default of any such Underwriter under this Agreement.
Section 10. Miscellaneous. Notices given pursuant to any provision of
this Agreement shall be addressed as follows: (i) if to the Company, to PSINet
Inc., ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ Attention: ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇.
▇▇▇▇▇▇, Executive Vice President and General Counsel, with a copy to Nixon,
Hargrave, Devans & ▇▇▇▇▇ LLP, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇,
Attention: ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇. and (ii) if to any Underwriter or to you, to
you c/▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Securities Corporation, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇,
▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇, Attention: Syndicate Department, or in any case to
such other address as the person to be notified may have requested in writing.
The respective indemnities, contribution agreements, representations,
warranties and other statements of the Company and the several Underwriters set
forth in or made pursuant to this Agreement shall remain operative and in full
force and effect, and will survive delivery of and payment for the Shares,
regardless of (i) any investigation, or statement as to the results thereof,
made by or on behalf of any Underwriter, the officers or directors of any
Underwriter, any person controlling any Underwriter, the Company, the officers
or directors of the Company or any person controlling the Company, (ii)
acceptance of the Shares and payment for them hereunder and (iii) termination of
this Agreement.
If for any reason the Shares are not delivered by or on behalf of the
Company as provided herein (other than as a result of any termination of this
Agreement pursuant to Section 9), the Company agrees to reimburse the several
Underwriters for all out-of-pocket expenses (including the reasonable fees and
April [____], 1999
Page 33
disbursements of counsel) incurred by them. Notwithstanding any termination of
this Agreement, the Company shall be liable for all expenses which it has agreed
to pay pursuant to Section 5(i) hereof. The Company also agrees to reimburse
the several Underwriters, their directors and officers and any persons
controlling any of the Underwriters for any and all fees and expenses
(including, without limitation, the reasonable fees and disbursements of
counsel) incurred by them in connection with enforcing their rights hereunder
(including, without limitation, pursuant to Section 7 hereof).
Except as otherwise provided, this Agreement has been and is made solely
for the benefit of and shall be binding upon the Company, the Underwriters, the
Underwriters' directors and officers, any controlling persons referred to
herein, the Company's directors and officers who sign the Registration Statement
and their respective successors and assigns, all as and to the extent provided
in this Agreement, and no other person shall acquire or have any right under or
by virtue of this Agreement. The term "successors and assigns" shall not
include a purchaser of any of the Shares from any of the several Underwriters
merely because of such purchase.
This Agreement shall be governed and construed in accordance with the laws
of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of the conflicts of
law thereof.
April [____], 1999
Page 34
This Agreement may be signed in various counterparts which together shall
constitute one and the same instrument.
Please confirm that the foregoing correctly sets forth the agreement
between the Company and the several Underwriters.
Very truly yours,
PSINET INC.
By:
-----------------------
Name:
Title:
▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, LUFKIN & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇
SECURITIES CORPORATION
▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ & CO.
BEAR, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ & CO. INC.
BANCBOSTON ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ INC.
▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ INCORPORATED
Acting severally on behalf of
themselves and the several
Underwriters named in
Schedule I hereto
By ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, LUFKIN & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇
SECURITIES CORPORATION
By
-----------------------------
SCHEDULE I
----------
Underwriters Number of Firm Shares
to be Purchased
▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, Lufkin & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Securities
Corporation
▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ & Co.
Bear, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ & Co. Inc.
BancBoston ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Inc.
▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Incorporated
Total
Annex I
[To be determined]
Exhibit A
---------
[FORM OF LOCK-UP LETTER]
[PSINET INC.]
[___________], 1999
PSINet Inc.
▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇
▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇
▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, Lufkin & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Securities Corporation
▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ & Co.
Bear, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ & Co. Inc.
BancBoston ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Inc.
▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Incorporated
c/▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, Lufkin & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Securities Corporation
▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇
▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇
Re: Public Offering of Common Stock
-------------------------------
Dear Ladies and Gentlemen:
The undersigned understands that ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, Lufkin & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Securities
Corporation, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ & Co., Bear, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ & Co. Inc., BancBoston ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇
▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Inc., and ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Incorporated (together, the
"Underwriters"), propose to enter into an Underwriting Agreement with PSINet
Inc., a New York corporation (the "Company"), providing for the public offering
(the "Public Offering") by the Underwriters, including the Underwriters, of
[________] Million ([________]) shares of common stock value $0.01 per share, of
the Company (the "Common Stock").
In consideration of the Underwriters' agreement to purchase and undertake
the Public Offering of the Common Stock and for other good and valuable
consideration, receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the undersigned agrees
not to (i) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to
purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or
warrant to purchase, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or
indirectly, any shares of Common Stock or any securities convertible into or
exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or (ii)
[______]
Page 2
enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers all or a portion of the
economic consequences associated with the ownership of any Common Stock
(regardless of whether any of the transactions described in clause (i) or (ii)
is to be settled by the delivery of Common Stock, or such other securities, in
cash or otherwise), except to the Underwriters pursuant to the Underwriting
Agreement, for a period of 120 days after the date of the Prospectus without the
prior written consent of ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Securities Corporation;
provided, however, that notwithstanding the foregoing, the undersigned may
-------- -------
transfer shares of Common Stock pursuant to one or more bona fide gifts (such
transferred shares of Common Stock being referred to as the "Gift Shares")
provided that each donee of Gift Shares enters into a lock-up agreement (each, a
"Donee Lock-Up") substantially similar to this letter agreement except that this
proviso shall not be included in any Donee Lock-Up. The undersigned also agrees
not to make any demand for, or exercise any right with respect to, the
registration of any shares of Common Stock or any securities convertible into or
exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock for a period of 120 days after the
date of the Prospectus without the prior written consent of ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, Lufkin &
▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Securities Corporation.
The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that the undersigned has full
power and authority to enter into this letter agreement, and that, upon request,
the undersigned will execute any additional documents necessary or desirable in
connection with the enforcement hereof. All authority herein conferred or
agreed to be conferred shall survive the death or incapacity of the undersigned
and any obligation of the undersigned shall be binding upon the heirs, personal
Underwriters, successors, and assigns of the undersigned.
Very truly yours,
--------------------------------------
(Signature)
--------------------------------------
(Name - Please Type)
--------------------------------------
(Address)
--------------------------------------
(Social Security or Taxpayer Identification No.)
Number of shares owned or subject to warrants, options or
convertible securities:
Certificate number:__________________