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EXHIBIT 4.1
TRUST AGREEMENT
among
WFS FINANCIAL AUTO LOANS, INC.,
WFS INVESTMENTS, INC.,
FINANCIAL SECURITY ASSURANCE INC.
and
CHASE MANHATTAN BANK DELAWARE,
as Owner Trustee
Dated as of __________, 1996
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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ARTICLE ONE
DEFINITIONS
Section 1.01. Capitalized Terms.................................................. 1
Section 1.02. Other Definitional Provisions...................................... 5
Section 1.03. Usage of Terms..................................................... 5
Section 1.04. Section References................................................. 5
Section 1.05. Accounting Terms................................................... 5
ARTICLE TWO
ORGANIZATION
Section 2.01. Name............................................................... 6
Section 2.02. Office............................................................. 6
Section 2.03. Purposes and Powers................................................ 6
Section 2.04. Appointment of Owner Trustee....................................... 7
Section 2.05. Initial Capital Contribution of Owner Trust Estate................. 7
Section 2.06. Declaration of Trust............................................... 7
Section 2.07. Liability of the Company........................................... 7
Section 2.08. Title to Trust Property............................................ 8
Section 2.09. Situs of Trust..................................................... 8
Section 2.10. Representations and Warranties of the Depositor and the Company.... 8
Section 2.11. Federal Income Tax Allocations..................................... 10
ARTICLE THREE
TRUST CERTIFICATES AND TRANSFER OF INTERESTS
Section 3.01. Initial Ownership.................................................. 12
Section 3.02. The Trust Certificates............................................. 12
Section 3.03. Authentication and Delivery of Trust Certificates.................. 12
Section 3.04. Registration of Transfer and Exchange of Trust Certificates........ 13
Section 3.05. Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Trust Certificates............ 14
Section 3.06. Persons Deemed Owners.............................................. 14
Section 3.07. Access to List of Certificateholders' Names and Addresses.......... 14
Section 3.08. Maintenance of Office or Agency.................................... 15
Section 3.09. Temporary Trust Certificates....................................... 15
Section 3.10. Appointment of Paying Agent........................................ 15
Section 3.11. Ownership by the Company of Trust Certificates..................... 16
Section 3.12. Book-Entry Certificates............................................ 16
(i)
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Section 3.13. Notices to Clearing Agency.................................................. 17
Section 3.14. Definitive Trust Certificates............................................... 17
ARTICLE FOUR
ACTIONS BY OWNER TRUSTEE
Section 4.01. Prior Notice to Owners with Respect to Certain Matters...................... 18
Section 4.02. Action by Owners with Respect to Certain Matters............................ 18
Section 4.03. Action by Owners with Respect to Bankruptcy................................. 19
Section 4.04. Restrictions on Owners' Power............................................... 19
Section 4.05. Majority Control............................................................ 19
ARTICLE FIVE
APPLICATION OF TRUST FUNDS;
CERTAIN DUTIES
Section 5.01. Establishment of Trust Account.............................................. 20
Section 5.02. Application of Trust Funds.................................................. 20
Section 5.03. Method of Payment........................................................... 21
Section 5.04. No Segregation of Monies; No Interest....................................... 21
Section 5.05. Accounting and Reports to the Noteholders, Owners, the Internal Revenue
Service and Others.......................................................... 21
Section 5.06. Signature on Returns; Tax Matters Partner................................... 21
ARTICLE SIX
AUTHORITY AND DUTIES OF OWNER TRUSTEE
Section 6.01. General Authority........................................................... 22
Section 6.02. General Duties.............................................................. 22
Section 6.03. Action Upon Instruction..................................................... 22
Section 6.04. No Duties Except as Specified in this Agreement or in Instructions.......... 23
Section 6.05. No Action Except Under Specified Documents or Instructions.................. 24
Section 6.06. Restrictions................................................................ 24
ARTICLE SEVEN
CONCERNING THE OWNER TRUSTEE
Section 7.01. Acceptance of Trusts and Duties............................................. 25
Section 7.02. Furnishing of Documents..................................................... 26
Section 7.03. Representations and Warranties.............................................. 26
(ii)
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Section 7.04. Reliance; Advice of Counsel............................................. 27
Section 7.05. Not Acting in Individual Capacity....................................... 27
Section 7.06. Owner Trustee Not Liable for Trust Certificates, Notes or Contracts..... 27
Section 7.07. Owner Trustee May Own Trust Certificates and Notes...................... 28
ARTICLE EIGHT
COMPENSATION OF OWNER TRUSTEE
Section 8.01. Owner Trustee's Fees and Expenses....................................... 29
Section 8.02. Indemnification......................................................... 29
Section 8.03. Payments to the Owner Trustee........................................... 29
ARTICLE NINE
TERMINATION OF TRUST AGREEMENT
Section 9.01. Termination of Trust Agreement.......................................... 30
Section 9.02. Dissolution upon Bankruptcy of the Company.............................. 31
ARTICLE TEN
SUCCESSOR OWNER TRUSTEES AND ADDITIONAL OWNER TRUSTEES
Section 10.01. Eligibility Requirements for Owner Trustee.............................. 32
Section 10.02. Resignation or Removal of Owner Trustee................................. 32
Section 10.03. Successor Owner Trustee................................................. 33
Section 10.04. Merger or Consolidation of Owner Trustee................................ 33
Section 10.05. Appointment of Co-Trustee or Separate Trustee........................... 33
ARTICLE ELEVEN
MISCELLANEOUS
Section 11.01. Supplements and Amendments.............................................. 36
Section 11.02. No Legal Title to Trust Estate in Owners................................ 37
Section 11.03. Limitations on Rights of Others......................................... 37
Section 11.04. Notices................................................................. 37
Section 11.05. Severability of Provisions.............................................. 38
Section 11.06. Counterparts............................................................ 38
Section 11.07. Successors and Assigns.................................................. 38
Section 11.08. No Petition............................................................. 38
Section 11.09. No Recourse............................................................. 39
Section 11.10. Certificates Nonassessable and Fully Paid............................... 39
(iii)
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Section 11.11. Headings................................................ 39
Section 11.12. Governing Law........................................... 39
Section 11.13. Depositor Payment Obligation............................ 39
Section 11.14. Insurer Default or Insolvency........................... 39
EXHIBITS
Exhibit A - Form of Certificate Depository Agreement...................... A-1
Exhibit B - Form of Certificate of Trust.................................. B-1
Exhibit C - Form of Trust Certificate..................................... C-1
(iv)
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This TRUST AGREEMENT dated as of , 1996, is among WFS
FINANCIAL AUTO LOANS, INC., a California corporation (the "Depositor"), WFS
INVESTMENTS, INC., a California corporation (the "Company"), FINANCIAL SECURITY
ASSURANCE INC., a New York corporation ("Financial Security"), and CHASE
MANHATTAN BANK DELAWARE, a Delaware corporation, as owner trustee (the "Owner
Trustee").
WHEREAS, in connection herewith, the Depositor is willing to assume
certain obligations pursuant hereto;
WHEREAS, in connection herewith, the Company is willing to purchase the
Company Trust Certificate (as defined herein) to be issued pursuant hereto and
to assume certain obligations pursuant hereto; and
WHEREAS, Financial Security is willing to issue a financial guaranty
insurance policy in respect of certain payments made on the Trust Certificates
to be issued pursuant hereto;
NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto hereby agree as follows:
ARTICLE ONE
DEFINITIONS
Section 1.01. Capitalized Terms. Except as otherwise provided in this
Agreement, whenever used in this Agreement the following words and phrases,
unless the context otherwise requires, shall have the following meanings:
"Administration Agreement" means the administration agreement, dated as
of the date hereof, among the Trust, the Company, the Depositor, the Indenture
Trustee and WFS, as administrator.
"Agreement" means this Trust Agreement, as the same may be amended and
supplemented from time to time.
"Applicants" shall have the meaning assigned to such term in Section
3.07.
"Benefit Plan" means (i) an employee benefit plan (as such term is
defined in Section 3(3) of ERISA) that is subject to the provisions of Title I
of ERISA, (ii) a plan described in Section 4975(e)(1) of the Code or (iii) any
entity whose underlying assets include plan assets by reason of a plan's
investment in the entity.
"Book-Entry Trust Certificate" means a beneficial interest in the Trust
Certificates, the ownership of which shall be evidenced, and transfers of which
shall be made, through book entries by a Clearing Agency as described in Section
3.12.
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"Business Trust Statute" means Chapter 38 of Title 12 of the Delaware
Code, 12 Del. Code Section 3801 et seq., as the same may be amended from time to
time.
"Certificate Depository Agreement" means the agreement dated
__________, 1996, among the Trust, the Owner Trustee, the Administrator and DTC,
as the initial Clearing Agency, substantially in the form attached as Exhibit A
hereto, relating to all Trust Certificates other than the Company Trust
Certificate, as the same may be amended and supplemented from time to time.
"Certificate Distribution Account" means the account established and
maintained as such pursuant to Section 5.01.
"Certificate of Trust" means the Certificate of Trust filed for the
Trust pursuant to Section 3810(a) of the Business Trust Statute, substantially
in the form of Exhibit B hereto.
"Certificate Owner" means, with respect to a Book-Entry Trust
Certificate, the Person who is the owner of such Book-Entry Trust Certificate,
as reflected on the books of the Clearing Agency, or on the books of a Person
maintaining an account with such Clearing Agency (directly or as an indirect
participant, in either case in accordance with the rules of such Clearing
Agency) and shall mean, with respect to a Definitive Trust Certificate, the
related Certificateholder.
"Certificate Register" and "Certificate Registrar" mean the register
maintained and the registrar (or any successor thereto) appointed pursuant to
Section 3.04.
"Certificateholder" or "Holder" means the Person in whose name a Trust
Certificate is registered in the Certificate Register, except that, solely for
the purposes of giving any consent, waiver, request or demand pursuant to this
Agreement or the other Basic Documents, the interest evidenced by any Trust
Certificate registered in the name of the Depositor, the Company, WFS or any of
their respective Affiliates shall not be taken into account in determining
whether the requisite percentage necessary to effect such consent, waiver,
request or demand in respect of the Trust Certificates shall have been obtained.
"Clearing Agency" means an organization registered as a "clearing
agency" pursuant to Section 17A of the Exchange Act.
"Clearing Agency Participant" means a broker, dealer, bank, other
financial institution or other Person for whom from time to time a Clearing
Agency effects book-entry transfers and pledges of securities deposited with the
Clearing Agency.
"Closing Date" means __________, 1996.
"Code" means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and
Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder.
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"Company" means WFS Investments, Inc., a California corporation, in its
capacity as Owner of the Company Trust Certificate hereunder, and its
successors.
"Company Trust Certificate" means the Trust Certificate purchased by
the Company on the Closing Date pursuant to Section 3.11, having an initial
principal balance equal to $ .
"Definitive Trust Certificates" shall have the meaning assigned to such
term in Section 3.12.
"Depositor" means WFS Financial Auto Loans, Inc. in its capacity as
depositor hereunder, and its successors.
"DTC" means The Depository Trust Company, and its successors.
"ERISA" means the Employment Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as
amended.
"Exchange Act" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
"Expenses" shall have the meaning assigned to such term in Section
8.02.
"Indemnified Parties" shall have the meaning assigned to such term in
Section 8.02.
"Indenture" means the indenture dated as of the date hereof among the
Trust and Bankers Trust Company, as Indenture Trustee.
"Instructing Party" shall have the meaning assigned to such term in
Section 6.03(a).
"Insurer" means Financial Security Assurance, Inc., and its successors.
"Note Depository Agreement" means the agreement dated __________, 1996,
among the Trust, the Indenture Trustee, the Administrator and DTC, as the
initial Clearing Agency, relating to the Notes, as the same may be amended and
supplemented from time to time.
"Notes" means the Class A-1 Notes, the Class A-2 Notes, the Class A-3
Notes and the Class A-4 Notes, in each case issued pursuant to the Indenture.
"Original Certificate Balance" means $__________
"Owner" means each Holder of a Trust Certificate.
"Owner Trustee" means Chase Manhattan Bank DELAWARE, a Delaware
banking corporation, not in its individual capacity but solely as owner trustee
under this Agreement, and any successor Owner Trustee hereunder.
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"Owner Trustee Corporate Trust Office" means the office of the Owner
Trustee at which its corporate trust business shall be administered, which
initially shall be Chase Manhattan Bank Delaware, ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇,
▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇, Attention: Corporate Trust Administration
Department, with a copy to The Chase Manhattan Bank, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇
▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇, Attention: Structured Finance Services (ABS),
or such other office at such other address as the Owner Trustee may designate
from time to time by notice to the Certificateholders, the Master Servicer, the
Depositor, the Company and the Insurer. The foregoing address of the Chase
Manhattan Bank, N.A. shall be its address for purposes of its acting as
Certificate Registrar and as agent of the Owner Trustee pursuant to Sections
3.04 and 3.08, or such other office at such other address as the Owner Trustee
may designate from time to time by notice to the Certificateholders, the Master
Servicer, the Depositor, the Company and the Insurer.
"Paying Agent" means any paying agent or co-paying agent appointed
pursuant to Section 3.10.
"Person" means a legal person, including any individual, corporation,
estate, partnership, joint venture, association, joint stock company, trust,
unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision
thereof.
"Record Date" means, with respect to any Distribution Date, the day
immediately preceding such Distribution Date or, if Definitive Trust
Certificates are issued, the 15th day of the month preceding the month in which
such Distribution Date occurs.
"Sale and Servicing Agreement" means the sale and servicing agreement,
dated as of the date hereof, among the Trust, as Issuer, the Depositor, as
Seller and WFS, as Master Servicer, as the same may be amended or supplemented
from time to time.
"Secretary of State" means the Secretary of State of the State of
Delaware.
"Seller" means WFS Financial Auto Loans, Inc., in its capacity as
seller under the Sale and Servicing Agreement, and its successors.
"Treasury Regulations" means regulations, including proposed or
temporary regulations, promulgated under the Code. References herein to specific
provisions of proposed or temporary regulations shall include analogous
provisions of final Treasury Regulations or other successor Treasury
Regulations.
"Trust" means the trust established by this Agreement.
"Trust Certificates" means the trust certificates evidencing the
beneficial interest of an Owner in the Trust, substantially in the form of
Exhibit C hereto.
"Trust Estate" means all right, title and interest of the Trust in and
to the property and rights assigned to the Trust pursuant to Article Two of the
Sale and Servicing Agreement, all funds on deposit from time to time in the
Trust Accounts and all other property of the Trust
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from time to time, including any rights of the Owner Trustee and the Trust
pursuant to the Sale and Servicing Agreement and the Administration Agreement.
"Underwriter" means ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Securities
Corporation.
"WFS" means WFS Financial Inc, and its successors.
Section 1.02. Other Definitional Provisions. Capitalized terms used
that are not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed thereto
in the Sale and Servicing Agreement or, if not defined therein, in the
Indenture.
Section 1.03. Usage of Terms. With respect to all terms in this
Agreement, the singular includes the plural and the plural the singular; words
importing any gender include the other genders; references to "writing" include
printing, typing, lithography and other means of reproducing words in a visible
form; references to agreements and other contractual instruments include all
amendments, modifications and supplements thereto or any changes therein entered
into in accordance with their respective terms and not prohibited by this
Agreement; references to Persons include their permitted successors and assigns;
and the term "including" means "including without limitation".
Section 1.04. Section References. All section references, unless
otherwise indicated, shall be to Sections in this Agreement.
Section 1.05. Accounting Terms. All accounting terms used but not
specifically defined herein shall be construed in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles in the United States.
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ARTICLE TWO
ORGANIZATION
Section 2.01. Name. The Trust created hereby shall be known as "WFS
Financial 1996-D Owner Trust", in which name the Owner Trustee may conduct the
activities of the Trust, make and execute contracts and other instruments on
behalf of the Trust and ▇▇▇ and be sued.
Section 2.02. Office. The office of the Trust shall be in care of the
Owner Trustee at the Owner Trustee Corporate Trust Office or at such other
address in Delaware as the Owner Trustee may designate by written notice to the
Owners, the Depositor and the Insurer.
Section 2.03. Purposes and Powers.
(a) The sole purpose of the Trust is to conserve the Trust Estate
and collect and disburse the periodic income therefrom for the use and benefit
of the Owners, and in furtherance of such purpose to engage in the following
ministerial activities:
(i) to issue the Notes pursuant to the Indenture and the
Trust Certificates pursuant to this Agreement and to sell the Notes and
the Trust Certificates;
(ii) with the proceeds of the sale of the Notes and the
Trust Certificates, to purchase the Contracts, to fund the Spread
Account and to pay the organizational, start-up and transactional
expenses of the Trust and to pay the balance to the Depositor pursuant
to the Sale and Servicing Agreement;
(iii) to Grant the Trust Estate pursuant to the Indenture and
to hold, manage and distribute to the Owners pursuant to the Sale and
Servicing Agreement any portion of the Trust Estate released from the
Lien of, and remitted to the Trust pursuant to, the Indenture;
(iv) to enter into and perform its obligations under the
Basic Documents to which it is to be a party;
(v) to engage in those activities, including entering into
agreements, that are necessary to accomplish the foregoing or are
incidental thereto or connected therewith; and
(vi) subject to compliance with the Basic Documents, to
engage in such other activities as may be required in connection with
conservation of the Trust Estate and the making of distributions to the
Owners and the Noteholders.
The Trust shall not engage in any activities other than in connection with the
foregoing. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to authorize the Owner
Trustee to engage in any business operations or any activities other than those
set forth in the introductory sentence of
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this Section . Specifically, the Owner Trustee shall have no authority to engage
in any business operations, acquire any assets other than those specifically
included in the Trust Estate under Section 1.01 or otherwise vary the assets
held by the Trust. Similarly, the Owner Trustee shall have no discretionary
duties other than performing those ministerial acts set forth above necessary to
accomplish the purpose of the Trust as set forth in the introductory sentence of
this Section .
Section 2.04. Appointment of Owner Trustee. The Depositor hereby
appoints the Owner Trustee as trustee of the Trust effective as of the date
hereof, to have all the rights, powers and duties set forth herein, and the
Owner Trustee hereby accepts such appointment.
Section 2.05. Initial Capital Contribution of Owner Trust Estate. The
Depositor hereby sells, assigns, transfers, conveys and sets over to the Owner
Trustee, as of the date hereof, the sum of $__________. The Owner Trustee hereby
acknowledges receipt in trust from the Depositor, as of the date hereof, of the
foregoing contribution, which shall constitute the initial Trust Estate and
shall be deposited in the Certificate Distribution Account. The Depositor shall
pay organizational expenses of the Trust as they may arise or shall, upon the
request of the Owner Trustee, promptly reimburse the Owner Trustee for any such
expenses paid by the Owner Trustee.
Section 2.06. Declaration of Trust. The Owner Trustee hereby declares
that it will hold the Trust Estate in trust upon and subject to the conditions
set forth herein for the sole purpose of conserving the Trust Estate and
collecting and disbursing the periodic income therefrom for the use and benefit
of the Owners, subject to the obligations of the Trust under the Basic
Documents. It is the intention of the parties hereto that the Trust constitute a
business trust under the Business Trust Statute and that this Agreement
constitute the governing instrument of such business trust. It is the intention
of the parties hereto that, solely for income and franchise tax purposes, the
Trust shall be treated as a partnership, with the assets of the partnership
being the Contracts and other assets held by the Trust and with the partners of
the partnership being the Certificateholders (including the Company) and the
Notes being debt of the partnership. The parties agree that, unless otherwise
required by appropriate tax authorities, the Trust will file or cause to be
filed annual or other necessary returns, reports and other forms consistent with
the characterization of the Trust as a partnership for such tax purposes.
Effective as of the date hereof, the Owner Trustee shall have all rights, powers
and duties set forth herein and in the Business Trust Statute for the sole
purpose and to the extent necessary to accomplish the purpose of the Trust as
set forth in the introductory sentence of Section 2.03.
Section 2.07. Liability of the Company.
(a) The Company shall be liable directly to and will indemnify any
injured party or any other creditor of the Trust for all losses, claims,
damages, liabilities and expenses of the Trust to the extent that the Company
would be liable if the Trust were a partnership under the Delaware Revised
Uniform Limited Partnership Act in which the Company were a general partner;
provided, however, that the Company shall not be liable for any losses incurred
by a Certificateholder in the capacity of an investor in the Trust Certificates
or a Noteholder in the
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capacity of an investor in the Notes. In addition, any third party creditors of
the Trust (other than in connection with the obligations described in the
immediately preceding sentence for which the Company shall not be liable) shall
be deemed third party beneficiaries of this paragraph. The obligations of the
Company under this paragraph shall be evidenced by the Company Trust Certificate
described in Section 3.11, which for purposes of the Business Trust Statute
shall be deemed to be a separate class of Trust Certificates from all other
Trust Certificates issued by the Trust; provided that the rights and obligations
evidenced by all Trust Certificates, regardless of class, shall, except as
otherwise provided in this Section , be identical.
(b) No Owner, other than to the extent set forth in Section
2.07(a), shall have any personal liability for any liability or obligation of
the Trust.
Section 2.08. Title to Trust Property. Legal title to the Trust Estate
shall be vested at all times in the Trust as a separate legal entity except
where applicable law in any jurisdiction requires title to any part of the Trust
Estate to be vested in a trustee or trustees, in which case title shall be
deemed to be vested in the Owner Trustee, a co-trustee and/or a separate
trustee, as the case may be.
Section 2.09. Situs of Trust. The Trust will be located and
administered in the State of Delaware. All bank accounts maintained by the Owner
Trustee on behalf of the Trust shall be located in the State of California, the
State of Delaware or the State of New York. The Trust shall not have any
employees in any state other than Delaware; provided, however, that nothing
herein shall restrict or prohibit the Owner Trustee from having employees within
or without the State of Delaware. Payments will be received by the Trust only in
Delaware and payments will be made by the Trust only from Delaware. The only
office of the Trust will be at the Owner Trustee Corporate Trust Office.
Section 2.10. Representations and Warranties of the Depositor and the Company.
(a) The Depositor hereby represents and warrants to the Owner
Trustee and the Insurer that:
(i) The Depositor is duly organized and validly existing as
a corporation organized and existing and in good standing under the
laws of the State of California, with power and authority to own its
properties and to conduct its business and had at all relevant times,
and has, power, authority and legal right to acquire and own the
Contracts.
(ii) The Depositor is duly qualified to do business as a
foreign corporation in good standing and has obtained all necessary
licenses and approvals in all jurisdictions in which the ownership or
lease of property or the conduct of its business requires such
qualifications.
(iii) The Depositor has the power and authority to execute
and deliver this Agreement and to carry out its terms; the Depositor
has full power and authority to
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sell and assign the property to be sold and assigned to and deposited
with the Owner Trustee on behalf of the Trust as part of the Trust
Estate and has duly authorized such sale and assignment and deposit
with the Owner Trustee on behalf of the Trust by all necessary
corporate action; and the execution, delivery and performance of this
Agreement have been duly authorized by the Depositor by all necessary
corporate action.
(iv) The consummation of the transactions contemplated by
this Agreement and the fulfillment of the terms hereof do not conflict
with, result in the breach of any of the terms and provisions of, nor
constitute (with or without notice or lapse of time) a default under,
the articles of incorporation or bylaws of the Depositor, or any
indenture, agreement or other instrument to which the Depositor is a
party or by which it is bound; nor result in the creation or imposition
of any Lien upon any of the properties of the Depositor pursuant to the
terms of any such indenture, agreement or other instrument (other than
pursuant to the Basic Documents); nor violate any law or any order,
rule or regulation applicable to the Depositor of any court or of any
federal or state regulatory body, administrative agency or other
governmental instrumentality having jurisdiction over the Depositor or
its properties.
(v) There are no proceedings or investigations pending, or
to the Depositor's best knowledge threatened, before any court,
regulatory body, administrative agency or other governmental
instrumentality having jurisdiction over the Depositor or its
properties: (A) asserting the invalidity of this Agreement, any of the
other Basic Documents or the Trust Certificates, (B) seeking to prevent
the issuance of the Trust Certificates or the consummation of any of
the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or any of the other
Basic Documents, (C) seeking any determination or ruling that might
materially and adversely affect the performance by the Depositor of its
obligations under, or the validity or enforceability of, this
Agreement, any of the other Basic Documents or the Trust Certificates
or (D) involving the Depositor and which might adversely affect the
federal income tax or other federal, state or local tax attributes of
the Trust Certificates.
(b) The Company hereby represents and warrants to the Owner
Trustee and the Insurer that:
(i) The Company is duly organized and validly existing as a
corporation organized and existing and in good standing under the laws
of the State of California, with power and authority to own its
properties and to conduct its business and had at all relevant times,
and has, power, authority and legal right to acquire and own the
Contracts.
(ii) The Company is duly qualified to do business as a
foreign corporation in good standing and has obtained all necessary
licenses and approvals in all jurisdictions in which the ownership or
lease of property or the conduct of its business requires such
qualifications.
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(iii) The Company has the power and authority to execute and
deliver this Agreement and to carry out its terms; and the execution,
delivery and performance of this Agreement have been duly authorized by
the Company by all necessary corporate action.
(iv) The consummation of the transactions contemplated by
this Agreement and the fulfillment of the terms hereof do not conflict
with, result in any breach of any of the terms and provisions of, nor
constitute (with or without notice or lapse of time) a default under,
the articles of incorporation or bylaws of the Company, or any
indenture, agreement or other instrument to which the Company is a
party or by which it is bound; nor result in the creation or imposition
of any Lien upon any of the properties of the Company pursuant to the
terms of any such indenture, agreement or other instrument (other than
pursuant to the Basic Documents); nor violate any law or any order,
rule or regulation applicable to the Company of any court or of any
federal or state regulatory body, administrative agency or other
governmental instrumentality having jurisdiction over the Company or
its properties.
(v) There are no proceedings or investigations pending, or
to the Company's best knowledge threatened, before any court,
regulatory body, administrative agency or other governmental
instrumentality having jurisdiction over the Company or its properties:
(A) asserting the invalidity of this Agreement, any of the other Basic
Documents or the Trust Certificates, (B) seeking to prevent the
issuance of the Trust Certificates or the consummation of any of the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement or any of the other Basic
Documents, (C) seeking any determination or ruling that might
materially and adversely affect the performance by the Company of its
obligations under, or the validity or enforceability of, this
Agreement, any of the other Basic Documents or the Trust Certificates
or (D) involving the Company and which might adversely affect the
federal income tax or other federal, state or local tax attributes of
the Trust Certificates.
Section 2.11. Federal Income Tax Allocations.
(a) Net income of the Trust for any calendar quarter as determined
for federal income tax purposes (and each item of income, gain, loss and
deduction entering into the computation thereof) shall be allocated:
(i) among the Certificate Owners as of the first day
following the end of such quarter, in proportion to their ownership of
the principal amount of Trust Certificates on such date, net income in
an amount up to the sum of (A) the Certificate Interest Distributable
Amount for such quarter, (B) interest on the excess, if any, of the
Certificate Interest Distributable Amount for the preceding
Distribution Date over the amount in respect of interest that is
actually deposited in the Certificate Distribution Account on such
preceding Distribution Date, to the extent permitted by law, at the
Pass-Through Rate from such preceding Distribution Date through the
current Distribution Date, (C) the portion of the market discount on
the Contracts accrued during such quarter that is allocable to the
excess, if any, of the initial
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aggregate principal amount of the Trust Certificates over their initial
aggregate issue price and (D) any other amounts of income payable to
the Certificateholders for such quarter; such sum to be reduced by any
amortization by the Trust of premium on Contracts that corresponds to
any excess of the issue price of Trust Certificates over their
principal amount; and
(ii) to the Depositor and the Company in the proportion of
99% and 1%, respectively, to the extent of any remaining net income.
(b) If the net income of the Trust for any calendar quarter is
insufficient for the allocations described in Section 2.11(a)(i), subsequent net
income shall first be allocated to make up such shortfall before being allocated
as provided in Section 2.11(a)(ii). Net losses of the Trust, if any, for any
calendar quarter as determined for federal income tax purposes (and each item of
income, gain, loss and deduction entering into the computation thereof) shall be
allocated to the Depositor and the Company in the proportion of 99% and 1%,
respectively, to the extent the Depositor and the Company are reasonably
expected to bear the economic burden of such net losses, and any remaining net
losses shall be allocated among the Certificate Owners as of the first day
following the end of such quarter in proportion to their ownership of the
principal amount of Trust Certificates on such day. The Depositor and the
Company are authorized to modify the allocations in this paragraph if necessary
or appropriate, in its sole discretion, for the allocations to fairly reflect
the income, gain, loss and deduction to the Depositor and the Company or to the
Certificate Owners, or as otherwise required by the Code.
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ARTICLE THREE
TRUST CERTIFICATES AND TRANSFER OF INTERESTS
Section 3.01. Initial Ownership. Upon the formation of the Trust by the
contribution by the Depositor pursuant to Section 2.05 and until the issuance of
the Trust Certificates, the Depositor shall be the sole beneficiary of the
Trust.
Section 3.02. The Trust Certificates. The Trust Certificates shall be
substantially in the form of Exhibit C hereto. The Trust Certificates shall be
issuable in minimum denominations of $__________ and integral multiples of
$__________ in excess thereof; provided, however, that the Trust Certificates
issued to the Company pursuant to Section 3.11 may be issued in such
denomination as required to include any residual amount. The Trust Certificates
shall be executed by the Owner Trustee on behalf of the Trust by manual or
facsimile signature of an authorized officer of the Owner Trustee under the
Owner Trustee's seal imprinted thereon and attested on behalf of the Owner
Trustee by the manual or facsimile signature of an authorized officer of the
Owner Trustee and shall be deemed to have been validly issued when so executed.
Trust Certificates bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of individuals who
were, at the time when such signatures were affixed, authorized to sign on
behalf of the Owner Trustee shall be valid and binding obligations of the Trust,
notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them have ceased to be so
authorized prior to the authentication and delivery of such Trust Certificates
or did not hold such offices at the date of such Trust Certificates. All Trust
Certificates shall be dated the date of their authentication.
Section 3.03. Authentication and Delivery of Trust Certificates. The
Owner Trustee shall cause to be authenticated and delivered upon the order of
the Depositor, in exchange for the Contracts and the other assets of the Trust,
simultaneously with the sale, assignment and transfer to the Trust of the
Contracts, and the constructive delivery to the Owner Trustee of the Contract
Files and the other assets of the Trust, Trust Certificates duly authenticated
by the Owner Trustee, in authorized denominations equaling in the aggregate the
Original Certificate Balance evidencing the entire ownership of the Trust and
Notes issued by the Owner Trustee and authenticated by the Indenture Trustee in
aggregate principal amount of, in the case of the (i) Class A-1 Notes,
$__________, (ii) Class A-2 Notes, $__________, (iii) Class A-3 Notes,
$__________, and (iv) Class A-4 Notes, $__________. No Trust Certificate shall
be entitled to any benefit under this Agreement, or be valid for any purpose,
unless there appears on such Trust Certificate a certificate of authentication
substantially in the form set forth in the form of Trust Certificate attached
hereto as Exhibit C, executed by the Owner Trustee or its authenticating agent,
by manual signature, and such certificate upon any Trust Certificate shall be
conclusive evidence, and the only evidence, that such Trust Certificate has been
duly authenticated and delivered hereunder. Upon issuance, authorization and
delivery pursuant to the terms hereof, the Trust Certificates will be entitled
to the benefits of this Agreement.
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Section 3.04. Registration of Transfer and Exchange of Trust
Certificates.
(a) The Certificate Registrar shall keep or cause to be kept, a
Certificate Register, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may
prescribe. The Certificate Register shall provide for the registration of Trust
Certificates and transfers and exchanges of Trust Certificates as provided
herein. The Chase Manhattan Bank, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇,
▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇, Attention: Structured Finance Services (ABS), as agent for the
Owner Trustee, is hereby initially appointed Certificate Registrar for the
purpose of registering Trust Certificates and transfers and exchanges of Trust
Certificates as herein provided. In the event that, subsequent to the Closing
Date, the Owner Trustee notifies the Master Servicer that The Chase Manhattan
Bank, is unable to act as Certificate Registrar, the Master Servicer shall
appoint another bank or trust company, having an office or agency located in The
City of New York, agreeing to act in accordance with the provisions of this
Agreement applicable to it, and otherwise acceptable to the Owner Trustee, to
act as successor Certificate Registrar hereunder.
(b) Upon surrender for registration of transfer of any Trust
Certificate at the Owner Trustee Corporate Trust Office or the office of the
Certificate Registrar, if the Owner Trustee is not the Certificate Registrar,
the Owner Trustee shall execute, authenticate and deliver (or shall cause its
authenticating agent to authenticate and deliver), in the name of the designated
transferee or transferees, one or more new Trust Certificates in authorized
denominations of a like aggregate principal amount.
(c) At the option of a Certificateholder, Trust Certificates may
be exchanged for other Trust Certificates in authorized denominations of a like
aggregate principal amount, upon surrender of the Trust Certificates to be
exchanged at the Owner Trustee Corporate Trust Office or the office of the
Certificate Registrar, if the Owner Trustee is not the Certificate Registrar.
Whenever any Trust Certificates are so surrendered for exchange, the Owner
Trustee on behalf of the Trust shall execute, authenticate and deliver (or shall
cause its authenticating agent to authenticate and deliver) the Trust
Certificates that the Certificateholder making the exchange is entitled to
receive. Every Trust Certificate presented or surrendered for registration of
transfer or exchange shall be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in
form satisfactory to the Owner Trustee and the Certificate Registrar duly
executed by the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing.
(d) No service charge shall be made for any registration of
transfer or exchange of Trust Certificates, but the Owner Trustee may require
payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or governmental charge that may be
imposed in connection with any transfer or exchange of Trust Certificates.
(e) The Trust Certificates may not be acquired by or for the
account of a Benefit Plan. By accepting and holding a Trust Certificate, the
Holder thereof shall be deemed to have represented and warranted that it is not
a Benefit Plan nor will it hold such Trust Certificate for the account of a
Benefit Plan.
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(f) All Trust Certificates surrendered for registration of
transfer or exchange shall be cancelled and subsequently destroyed by the Owner
Trustee.
Section 3.05. Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Trust Certificates.
If (i) any mutilated Trust Certificate is surrendered to the Certificate
Registrar, or the Certificate Registrar receives evidence to its satisfaction of
the destruction, loss or theft of any Trust Certificate, and (ii) there is
delivered to the Certificate Registrar and the Owner Trustee such security or
indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them harmless, then, in the
absence of notice that such Trust Certificate has been acquired by a bona fide
purchaser, the Owner Trustee on behalf of the Trust shall execute and the Owner
Trustee or its authenticating agent shall authenticate and deliver, in exchange
for or in lieu of any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Trust
Certificate, a new Trust Certificate of like tenor and fractional undivided
interest. In connection with the issuance of any new Trust Certificate under
this Section , the Owner Trustee may require the payment by the Holder of a sum
sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in
relation thereto. Any duplicate Trust Certificate issued pursuant to this
Section shall constitute complete and indefeasible evidence of ownership in the
Trust, as if originally issued, whether or not the lost, stolen or destroyed
Trust Certificate shall be found at any time.
Section 3.06. Persons Deemed Owners. Prior to due presentation of a
Trust Certificate for registration of transfer, the Owner Trustee, the
Certificate Registrar, any Paying Agent and any of their respective agents may
treat the Person in whose name any Trust Certificate is registered as the owner
of such Trust Certificate for the purpose of receiving distributions pursuant to
Section 5.02 and for all other purposes whatsoever, and none of the Owner
Trustee, the Certificate Registrar, any Paying Agent or any of their respective
agents shall be affected by any notice to the contrary.
Section 3.07. Access to List of Certificateholders' Names and
Addresses. The Owner Trustee shall furnish or cause to be furnished to the
Master Servicer, the Insurer and the Depositor, within 15 days after receipt by
the Certificate Registrar of a written request therefor from the Master
Servicer, the Insurer or the Depositor, a list, in such form as the Master
Servicer or the Depositor may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of
the Certificateholders as of the most recent Record Date. If three or more
Certificateholders, or one or more Holders of Trust Certificates evidencing not
less than 25% of the percentage interests of the Trust Certificates (hereinafter
referred to as "Applicants"), apply in writing to the Owner Trustee, and such
application states that the Applicants desire to communicate with other
Certificateholders with respect to their rights hereunder or under the Trust
Certificates and such application is accompanied by a copy of the communication
that such Applicants propose to transmit, then the Owner Trustee shall, within
five Business Days after the receipt of such application, afford such Applicants
access, during normal business hours, to the current list of Certificateholders.
Every Certificateholder, by receiving and holding a Trust Certificate, agrees
with the Master Servicer, the Depositor and the Owner Trustee that none of the
Master Servicer, the Depositor or the Owner Trustee shall be held accountable by
reason of the disclosure of any such information as to the names and addresses
of the Certificate- holders hereunder, regardless of the source from which such
information was derived.
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Section 3.08. Maintenance of Office or Agency. The Chase Manhattan
Bank, as agent for the Owner Trustee, shall maintain in The City of New
York, an office or offices or agency or agencies where Trust Certificates may be
surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange and where notices and
demands to or upon the Owner Trustee in respect of the Trust Certificates and
this Agreement may be served. The Owner Trustee hereby designates the office of
The Chase Manhattan Bank, at the address provided under the definition of
the term "Owner Trustee Corporate Trust Office" as its office for such purposes.
The Owner Trustee shall give prompt written notice to the Depositor, the Master
Servicer and to Certificateholders of any change in the location of the
Certificate Register or any such office or agency.
Section 3.09. Temporary Trust Certificates. Pending the preparation of
definitive Trust Certificates, the Owner Trustee, on behalf of the Trust, may
execute, authenticate and deliver, temporary Trust Certificates that are
printed, lithographed, typewritten, mimeographed or otherwise produced, in any
authorized denomination, substantially of the tenor of the definitive Trust
Certificates in lieu of which they are issued. If temporary Trust Certificates
are issued, the Depositor will cause definitive Trust Certificates to be
prepared without unreasonable delay. After the preparation of definitive Trust
Certificates, the temporary Trust Certificates shall be exchangeable for
definitive Trust Certificates upon surrender of the temporary Trust Certificates
at the office or agency to be maintained as provided in Section 3.08, without
charge to the Holder. Upon surrender for cancellation of any one or more
temporary Trust Certificates, the Owner Trustee shall execute and authenticate
and deliver in exchange therefor a like principal amount of definitive Trust
Certificates in authorized denominations. Until so exchanged, the temporary
Trust Certificates shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits
hereunder as definitive Trust Certificates.
Section 3.10. Appointment of Paying Agent. The Paying Agent shall make
distributions to Certificateholders from the Certificate Distribution Account
pursuant to Section 5.02(a) and shall report the amounts of such distributions
to the Owner Trustee. Any Paying Agent shall have the revocable power to
withdraw funds from the Certificate Distribution Account for the purpose of
making the distributions referred to above. The Owner Trustee may revoke such
power and remove the Paying Agent if the Owner Trustee determines in its sole
discretion that the Paying Agent shall have failed to perform its obligations
under this Agreement in any material respect. The Paying Agent initially shall
be The Chase Manhattan Bank, and any co-paying agent chosen by the Paying
Agent that is acceptable to the Owner Trustee. Each Paying Agent shall be
permitted to resign as Paying Agent upon 30 days' written notice to the Owner
Trustee. In the event that The Chase Manhattan Bank shall no longer be the
Paying Agent, the Owner Trustee shall appoint a successor to act as Paying Agent
(which shall be a bank or trust company). The Owner Trustee shall cause such
successor Paying Agent or any additional Paying Agent appointed by the Owner
Trustee to execute and deliver to the Owner Trustee an instrument in which such
successor Paying Agent or additional Paying Agent shall agree with the Owner
Trustee that, as Paying Agent, such successor Paying Agent or additional Paying
Agent will hold all sums, if any, held by it for payment to the
Certificateholders in trust for the benefit of the Certificateholders entitled
thereto until such sums shall be paid to such Certificateholders. The Paying
Agent shall return all unclaimed funds to the Owner Trustee and upon removal of
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a Paying Agent such Paying Agent shall also return all funds in its possession
to the Owner Trustee. The provisions of Sections 7.01, 7.03, 7.04 and 8.01 shall
apply to the Owner Trustee also in its role as Paying Agent, for so long as the
Owner Trustee shall act as Paying Agent and, to the extent applicable, to any
other paying agent appointed hereunder. Any reference in this Agreement to the
Paying Agent shall include any co-paying agent unless the context requires
otherwise. If the long term debt rating of the Paying Agent shall not be at
least Baa3 from ▇▇▇▇▇'▇ and BBB- from Standard & Poor's, the Rating Agencies
shall be given notice of such lower long term debt rating.
Section 3.11. Ownership by the Company of Trust Certificates. The
Company shall on the Closing Date purchase from the Underwriter Trust
Certificates representing at least 1% of the Original Certificate Balance and
shall thereafter retain beneficial and record ownership of Trust Certificates
representing at least 1% of the Certificate Balance. Any attempted transfer of
any Trust Certificate that would reduce such interest of the Company below 1% of
the Certificate Balance shall be void. The Owner Trustee shall cause any Trust
Certificate issued to the Company on the Closing Date (and any Trust Certificate
issued in exchange therefor) to contain a legend stating "THIS TRUST CERTIFICATE
IS NONTRANSFERABLE".
Section 3.12. Book-Entry Certificates. The Trust Certificates upon
original issuance will be issued in the form of one or more typewritten
certificates representing the Book-Entry Trust Certificates, to be delivered to
DTC, the initial Clearing Agency, by, or on behalf of, the Trust; provided,
however, that one Definitive Trust Certificate (as defined below) may be issued
to the Company pursuant to Section 3.11. The certificate or certificates
delivered to DTC evidencing such Trust Certificates shall initially be
registered on the Certificate Register in the name of CEDE & CO., the nominee of
the initial Clearing Agency, and no Certificate Owner (other than the Company)
will receive a definitive certificate representing such Certificate Owner's
interest in the Trust Certificates, except as provided in Section 3.14. Unless
and until definitive, fully registered Trust Certificates (the "Definitive Trust
Certificates") have been issued to Certificate Owners pursuant to Section 3.14:
(i) the provisions of this Section shall be in full force
and effect;
(ii) the Depositor, the Master Servicer, the Certificate
Registrar and the Owner Trustee, subject to the provisions and
limitations of Sections 2.03 and 2.06, may deal with the Clearing
Agency for all purposes (including the making of distributions on the
Trust Certificates) as the authorized representative of the Certificate
Owners;
(iii) to the extent that the provisions of this Section
conflict with any other provisions of this Agreement, the provisions of
this Section shall control;
(iv) the rights of Certificate Owners shall be exercised
only through the Clearing Agency (or through procedures established by
the Clearing Agency) and shall be limited to those established by law
and agreements between such Certificate Owners and the Clearing Agency
and/or the Clearing Agency Participants; pursuant to the
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Certificate Depository Agreement, unless and until Definitive Trust
Certificates are issued pursuant to Section 3.14, the Clearing Agency
will make book-entry transfers among the Clearing Agency Participants
and receive and transmit distributions of principal and interest on the
Trust Certificates to such Clearing Agency Participants; and
(v) whenever this Agreement requires or permits actions to
be taken based upon instructions or directions of Holders of Trust
Certificates evidencing a specified percentage of the percentage
interests thereof, the Clearing Agency shall be deemed to represent
such percentage only to the extent that it has received instructions to
such effect from Certificate Owners and/or Clearing Agency Participants
owning or representing, respectively, such required percentage of the
beneficial interest in Trust Certificates and has delivered such
instructions to the Owner Trustee.
Section 3.13. Notices to Clearing Agency. Whenever notice or other
communication to the Certificateholders is required hereunder, unless and until
Definitive Trust Certificates shall have been issued to Certificate Owners
pursuant to Section 3.14, the Owner Trustee and the Master Servicer shall give
all such notices and communications specified herein to be given to Holders of
the Trust Certificates to the Clearing Agency.
Section 3.14. Definitive Trust Certificates. If (i)(A) the
Administrator advises the Owner Trustee in writing that the Clearing Agency is
no longer willing or able to properly discharge its responsibilities as
described in the Certificate Depository Agreement and (B) the Trustee or the
Administrator is unable to locate a qualified successor, (ii) the Administrator,
at its option, advises the Owner Trustee in writing that it elects to terminate
the book-entry system through the Clearing Agency, or (iii) after the occurrence
of an Event of Default or a Servicer Default, Certificate Owners representing
beneficial interests aggregating not less than 51% of the Certificate Balance
advise the Owner Trustee and the Clearing Agency through the Clearing Agency
Participants in writing that the continuation of a book-entry system through the
Clearing Agency is no longer in the best interests of the Certificate Owners,
then the Clearing Agency shall notify all Certificate Owners and the Owner
Trustee of the occurrence of any such event and of the availability of
Definitive Trust Certificates to Certificate Owners requesting the same. Upon
surrender to the Owner Trustee by the Clearing Agency of the certificates
evidencing the Book-Entry Trust Certificates, accompanied by registration
instructions from the Clearing Agency for registration, the Owner Trustee shall
issue the Definitive Trust Certificates and deliver such Definitive Trust
Certificates in accordance with the instructions of the Clearing Agency. Neither
the Depositor, the Certificate Registrar nor the Owner Trustee shall be liable
for any delay in delivery of such instructions and may conclusively rely on, and
shall be protected in relying on, such instructions. Upon the issuance of
Definitive Trust Certificates, the Owner Trustee shall recognize the Holders of
the Definitive Trust Certificates as Certificateholders hereunder. The Owner
Trustee shall not be liable if the Owner Trustee or the Administrator is unable
to locate a qualified successor Clearing Agency. The Definitive Trust
Certificates shall be printed, lithographed or engraved or may be produced in
any manner as is reasonably acceptable to the Owner Trustee, as evidenced by its
execution thereof.
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ARTICLE FOUR
ACTIONS BY OWNER TRUSTEE
Section 4.01. Prior Notice to Owners with Respect to Certain Matters.
Subject to the provisions and limitations of Section 4.04, with respect to the
following matters, the Owner Trustee shall not take action unless at least 30
days before the taking of such action, the Owner Trustee shall have notified the
Certificateholders in writing of the proposed action and the Owners shall not
have notified the Owner Trustee in writing prior to the 30th day after such
notice is given that such Owners have withheld consent or provided alternative
direction:
(a) the initiation of any claim or lawsuit by the Trust
(except claims or lawsuits brought in connection with the collection of
the Contracts) and the compromise of any action, claim or lawsuit
brought by or against the Trust (except with respect to the
aforementioned claims or lawsuits for collection of the Contracts);
(b) the election by the Trust to file an amendment to the
Certificate of Trust (unless such amendment is required to be filed
under the Business Trust Statute);
(c) the amendment of the Indenture by a supplemental
indenture in circumstances where the consent of any Noteholder is
required;
(d) the amendment of the Indenture by a supplemental
indenture in circumstances where the consent of any Noteholder is not
required and such amendment materially adversely affects the interest
of the Owners;
(e) the amendment, change or modification of the
Administration Agreement, except to cure any ambiguity or to amend or
supplement any provision in a manner or add any provision that would
not materially adversely affect the interests of the Owners; or
(f) the appointment pursuant to the Indenture of a
successor Note Registrar, paying agent for the Notes or Indenture
Trustee or pursuant to this Agreement of a successor Certificate
Registrar, or the consent to the assignment by the Note Registrar,
Paying Agent, Indenture Trustee or Certificate Registrar of its
obligations under the Indenture or this Agreement, as applicable.
Section 4.02. Action by Owners with Respect to Certain Matters. Subject
to the provisions and limitations of Section 4.04, the Owner Trustee shall not
have the power, except upon the direction of the Owners and with the prior
written consent of the Insurer (so long as no Insurer Default shall have
occurred and be continuing), to (a) remove the Administrator pursuant to Section
8 of the Administration Agreement, (b) appoint a successor Administrator
pursuant to Section 8 of the Administration Agreement, (c) remove the Master
Servicer pursuant to Section 8.01 of the Sale and Servicing Agreement, (d)
except as expressly provided in the Basic Documents, sell the Contracts after
the termination of the Indenture, (e) initiate any claim, suit or proceeding by
the Trust or compromise any claim, suit or
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proceeding brought by or against the Trust, (f) authorize the merger or
consolidation of the Trust with or into any other business trust or entity
(other than in accordance with Section 3.10 of the Indenture) or (g) amend the
Certificate of Trust. The Owner Trustee shall take the actions referred to in
the preceding sentence only upon written instructions signed by the Owners.
Section 4.03. Action by Owners with Respect to Bankruptcy. The Owner
Trustee shall not have the power to commence a voluntary proceeding in
bankruptcy relating to the Trust without the prior written consent of the
Insurer and the unanimous prior approval of all Owners and the delivery to the
Owner Trustee by each such Owner of a certificate certifying that such Owner
reasonably believes that the Trust is insolvent.
Section 4.04. Restrictions on Owners' Power. The Owners shall not
direct the Owner Trustee to take or to refrain from taking any action if such
action or inaction would be contrary to any obligation of the Trust or the Owner
Trustee under this Agreement or any of the other Basic Documents or would be
contrary to the purpose of this Trust as set forth in Section 2.03, nor shall
the Owner Trustee be obligated to follow any such direction, if given.
Section 4.05. Majority Control. Except as expressly provided herein,
any action that may be taken by the Owners under this Agreement may be taken by
the Holders of Trust Certificates evidencing not less than a majority of the
Certificate Balance. Except as expressly provided herein, any written notice of
the Owners delivered pursuant to this Agreement shall be effective if signed by
Holders of Trust Certificates evidencing not less than a majority of the
Certificate Balance at the time of the delivery of such notice.
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ARTICLE FIVE
APPLICATION OF TRUST FUNDS;
CERTAIN DUTIES
Section 5.01. Establishment of Trust Account. The Owner Trustee, for
the benefit of the Certificateholders, shall establish and maintain in the name
of the Trust an Eligible Account (the "Certificate Distribution Account"),
bearing a designation clearly indicating that the funds deposited therein are
held for the benefit of the Certificateholders.
The Owner Trustee shall possess all right, title and interest in funds
on deposit from time to time in the Certificate Distribution Account and in the
proceeds thereof. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, the Certificate
Distribution Account shall be under the sole dominion and control of the Owner
Trustee for the benefit of the Certificateholders. If, at any time, the
Certificate Distribution Account ceases to be an Eligible Account, the Owner
Trustee (or the Depositor on behalf of the Owner Trustee, if the Certificate
Distribution Account is not then held by the Owner Trustee or an Affiliate
thereof) shall within ten Business Days (or such longer period, not to exceed 30
calendar days, as to which each Rating Agency or the Insurer must consent)
establish a new Certificate Distribution Account as an Eligible Account and
shall transfer any cash and/or any investments to such new Certificate
Distribution Account.
Section 5.02. Application of Trust Funds.
(a) On each Distribution Date, the Owner Trustee will distribute to
Certificate- holders, on a pro rata basis, amounts deposited in the Certificate
Distribution Account pursuant to Sections 5.02 and 5.05 of the Sale and
Servicing Agreement with respect to such Distribution Date.
(b) On each Distribution Date, the Owner Trustee shall send to each
Certificateholder the statement or statements provided to the Owner Trustee by
the Master Servicer pursuant to Section 5.07 of the Sale and Servicing Agreement
with respect to such Distribution Date.
(c) In the event that any withholding tax is imposed on the Trust's
payment (or allocations of income) to an Owner, such tax shall reduce the amount
otherwise distributable to the Owner in accordance with this Section . The Owner
Trustee is hereby authorized and directed to retain from amounts otherwise
distributable to the Owners sufficient funds for the payment of any tax that is
legally owed by the Trust (but such authorization shall not prevent the Owner
Trustee from contesting any such tax in appropriate proceedings, and withholding
payment of such tax, if permitted by law, pending the outcome of such
proceedings). The amount of any withholding tax imposed with respect to an Owner
shall be treated as cash distributed to such Owner at the time it is withheld by
the Trust and remitted to the appropriate taxing authority. If there is a
possibility that withholding tax is payable with respect to a distribution, the
Owner Trustee may in its sole discretion withhold such amounts in accordance
with this paragraph (c).
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Section 5.03. Method of Payment. Subject to Section 9.01(c) respecting
the final payment upon retirement of each Trust Certificate, distributions
required to be made to each Certificateholder of record on the related Record
Date shall be made by check mailed to such Certificateholder at the address of
such Holder appearing in the Certificate Register (or, if DTC, its nominee or a
Clearing Agency is the relevant Certificateholder, by wire transfer of
immediately available funds or pursuant to other arrangements), the amount to be
distributed to such Certificateholder pursuant to such Holder's Trust
Certificates.
Section 5.04. No Segregation of Monies; No Interest. Subject to
Sections 5.01 and 5.02, monies received by the Owner Trustee hereunder need not
be segregated in any manner except to the extent required by law or the Sale and
Servicing Agreement and may be deposited under such general conditions as may be
prescribed by law, and the Owner Trustee shall not be liable for any interest
thereon.
Section 5.05. Accounting and Reports to the Noteholders, Owners, the
Internal Revenue Service and Others. The Owner Trustee shall (a) maintain (or
cause to be maintained) the books of the Trust on a calendar year basis and the
accrual method of accounting, (b) deliver to each Owner, as may be required by
the Code and applicable Treasury Regulations, such information as may be
required (including Schedule K-1) to enable each Owner to prepare its federal
and state income tax returns, (c) file such tax returns relating to the Trust
(including a partnership information return, IRS Form 1065) and make such
elections as from time to time may be required or appropriate under any
applicable state or federal statute or any rule or regulation thereunder so as
to maintain the Trust's characterization as a partnership for federal income tax
purposes, (d) cause such tax returns to be signed in the manner required by law
and (e) collect or cause to be collected any withholding tax as described in and
in accordance with Section 5.02(c) with respect to income or distributions to
Owners. The Owner Trustee shall elect under Section 1278 of the Code to include
in income currently any market discount that accrues with respect to the
Contracts. The Owner Trustee shall not make the election provided under Section
754 of the Code.
Section 5.06. Signature on Returns; Tax Matters Partner.
(a) The Company shall sign on behalf of the Trust the tax returns
of the Trust.
(b) The Company shall be designated the "tax matters partner" of
the Trust pursuant to Section 6231(a)(7)(A) of the Code and applicable Treasury
Regulations.
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ARTICLE SIX
AUTHORITY AND DUTIES OF OWNER TRUSTEE
Section 6.01. General Authority. Subject to the provisions and
limitations of Sections 2.03 and 2.06, the Owner Trustee is authorized and
directed to execute and deliver the Basic Documents to which the Trust is to be
a party and each certificate or other document attached as an exhibit to or
contemplated by the Basic Documents to which the Trust is to be a party and any
amendment or other agreement, as evidenced conclusively by the Owner Trustee's
execution thereof. In addition to the foregoing, the Owner Trustee is
authorized, but shall not be obligated, to take all actions required of the
Trust pursuant to the Basic Documents. The Owner Trustee is further authorized
from time to time to take such action as the Administrator recommends with
respect to the Basic Documents.
Section 6.02. General Duties. Subject to the provisions and limitations
of Sections 2.03 and 2.06, it shall be the duty of the Owner Trustee to
discharge (or cause to be discharged through the Administrator or such agents as
shall be appointed with the consent of the Insurer) all of its responsibilities
pursuant to the terms of this Agreement and the other Basic Documents to which
the Trust is a party and to administer the Trust in the interest of the Owners,
subject to the Basic Documents and in accordance with the provisions of this
Agreement. Without limiting the foregoing, the Owner Trustee shall on behalf of
the Trust file and prove any claim or claims that may exist against the Company
in connection with any claims paying procedure as part of an insolvency or
receivership proceeding involving the Company. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
the Owner Trustee shall be deemed to have discharged its duties and
responsibilities hereunder and under the other Basic Documents to the extent the
Administrator has agreed in the Administration Agreement to perform any act or
to discharge any duty of the Owner Trustee hereunder or under any Basic
Document, and the Owner Trustee shall not be held liable for the default or
failure of the Administrator to carry out its obligations under the
Administration Agreement.
Section 6.03. Action Upon Instruction.
(a) Subject to Article Four, in accordance with the terms of the
Basic Documents, the Insurer (so long as an Insurer Default shall not have
occurred and be continuing) or the Owners (if an Insurer Default shall have
occurred and be continuing) (the "Instructing Party") may by written instruction
direct the Owner Trustee in the management of the Trust. Such direction may be
exercised at any time by written instruction of the Instructing Party pursuant
to Article Four.
(b) The Owner Trustee shall not be required to take any action
hereunder or under any other Basic Document if the Owner Trustee shall have
reasonably determined, or shall have been advised by counsel, that such action
is likely to result in liability on the part of the Owner Trustee or is contrary
to the terms hereof or of any other Basic Document or is otherwise contrary to
law.
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(c) Whenever the Owner Trustee is unable to decide between
alternative courses of action permitted or required by the terms of this
Agreement or under any other Basic Document, the Owner Trustee shall promptly
give notice (in such form as shall be appropriate under the circumstances) to
the Instructing Party requesting instruction as to the course of action to be
adopted, and to the extent the Owner Trustee acts in good faith in accordance
with any written instruction of the Instructing Party received, the Owner
Trustee shall not be liable on account of such action to any Person. If the
Owner Trustee shall not have received appropriate instruction within ten days of
such notice (or within such shorter period of time as reasonably may be
specified in such notice or may be necessary under the circumstances) it may,
but shall be under no duty to, take or refrain from taking such action not
inconsistent with this Agreement and the other Basic Documents, as it shall deem
to be in the best interests of the Owners, and shall have no liability to any
Person for such action or inaction.
(d) In the event that the Owner Trustee is unsure as to the
application of any provision of this Agreement or any other Basic Document or
any such provision is ambiguous as to its application, or is, or appears to be,
in conflict with any other applicable provision, or in the event that this
Agreement permits any determination by the Owner Trustee or is silent or is
incomplete as to the course of action that the Owner Trustee is required to take
with respect to a particular set of facts, the Owner Trustee may give notice (in
such form as shall be appropriate under the circumstances) to the Instructing
Party requesting instruction and, to the extent that the Owner Trustee acts or
refrains from acting in good faith in accordance with any such instruction
received, the Owner Trustee shall not be liable, on account of such action or
inaction, to any Person. If the Owner Trustee shall not have received
appropriate instruction within ten days of such notice (or within such shorter
period of time as reasonably may be specified in such notice or may be necessary
under the circumstances) it may, but shall be under no duty to, take or refrain
from taking such action not inconsistent with this Agreement or the other Basic
Documents, as it shall deem to be in the best interests of the Owners, and shall
have no liability to any Person for such action or inaction.
Section 6.04. No Duties Except as Specified in this Agreement or in
Instructions. The Owner Trustee shall not have any duty or obligation to manage,
make any payment with respect to, register, record, sell, dispose of or
otherwise deal with the Trust Estate, or to otherwise take or refrain from
taking any action under, or in connection with, any document contemplated hereby
to which the Owner Trustee is a party, except as expressly provided by the terms
of this Agreement or in any document or written instruction received by the
Owner Trustee pursuant to Section 6.03; and no implied duties or obligations
shall be read into this Agreement or any other Basic Document against the Owner
Trustee. The Owner Trustee shall have no responsibility for filing any financing
or continuation statement in any public office at any time or to otherwise
perfect or maintain the perfection of any security interest or lien granted to
it hereunder or to prepare or file any Commission filing for the Trust or to
record this Agreement or any other Basic Document. The Owner Trustee
nevertheless agrees that it will, at its own cost and expense, promptly take all
action as may be necessary to discharge any liens on any part of the Trust
Estate that result from actions by, or claims against, the Owner Trustee that
are not related to the ownership or the administration of the Trust Estate.
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Section 6.05. No Action Except Under Specified Documents or
Instructions. The Owner Trustee shall not manage, control, use, sell, dispose of
or otherwise deal with any part of the Trust Estate except in accordance with
(i) the powers granted to and the authority conferred upon the Owner Trustee
pursuant to this Agreement, (ii) the other Basic Documents and (iii) any
document or instruction delivered to the Owner Trustee pursuant to Section 6.03.
Section 6.06. Restrictions. The Owner Trustee shall not take any action
(i) that is inconsistent with the purposes of the Trust set forth in Section
2.03 or (ii) that, to the actual knowledge of the Owner Trustee, would result in
the Trust's becoming taxable as a corporation for federal or state income tax
purposes. The Owners shall not direct the Owner Trustee to take action that
would violate the provisions of this Section .
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ARTICLE SEVEN
CONCERNING THE OWNER TRUSTEE
Section 7.01. Acceptance of Trusts and Duties. The Owner Trustee
accepts the trusts hereby created and agrees to perform its duties hereunder
with respect to such trusts but only upon the terms of this Agreement. The Owner
Trustee also agrees to disburse all monies actually received by it constituting
part of the Trust Estate upon the terms of this Agreement and the other Basic
Documents. The Owner Trustee shall not be answerable or accountable hereunder or
under any other Basic Document under any circumstances, except (i) for its own
willful misconduct or negligence or (ii) in the case of the inaccuracy of any
representation or warranty contained in Section 7.03 expressly made by the Owner
Trustee. In particular, but not by way of limitation (and subject to the
exceptions set forth in the preceding sentence):
(a) the Owner Trustee shall not be liable for any error
of judgment made by a responsible officer of the Owner Trustee;
(b) the Owner Trustee shall not be liable with respect to
any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in accordance with the
instructions of the Administrator or any Owner;
(c) no provision of this Agreement or any other Basic
Document shall require the Owner Trustee to expend or risk funds or
otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of
its rights or powers hereunder or under any other Basic Document if the
Owner Trustee shall have reasonable grounds for believing that
repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such risk or
liability is not reasonably assured or provided to it;
(d) under no circumstances shall the Owner Trustee be
liable for indebtedness evidenced by or arising under any of the Basic
Documents, including the principal of and interest on the Notes;
(e) the Owner Trustee shall not be responsible for or in
respect of the validity or sufficiency of this Agreement or for the due
execution hereof by the Depositor or the Insurer or for the form,
character, genuineness, sufficiency, value or validity of any of the
Trust Estate, or for or in respect of the validity or sufficiency of
the Basic Documents, other than the certificate of authentication on
the Trust Certificates, and the Owner Trustee shall in no event assume
or incur any liability, duty or obligation to any Noteholder or to any
Owner, other than as expressly provided for herein or expressly agreed
to in the other Basic Documents;
(f) the Owner Trustee shall not be liable for the default
or misconduct of the Administrator, WFS Financial Auto Loans, Inc., as
Seller or Depositor, the Insurer, the Indenture Trustee or the Master
Servicer under any of the Basic Documents or otherwise and the Owner
Trustee shall have no obligation or liability to perform the
obligations of the Trust under this Agreement or the other Basic
Documents that are
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required to be performed by the Administrator under the Administration
Agreement, the Indenture Trustee under the Indenture or the Master
Servicer or WFS Financial Auto Loans, Inc. as Seller or Depositor under
the Sale and Servicing Agreement; and
(g) the Owner Trustee shall be under no obligation to
exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Agreement, or
to institute, conduct or defend any litigation under this Agreement or
otherwise or in relation to this Agreement or any other Basic Document,
at the request, order or direction of the Instructing Party, unless
such Instructing Party has offered to the Owner Trustee security or
indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and
liabilities that may be incurred by the Owner Trustee therein or
thereby; the right of the Owner Trustee to perform any discretionary
act enumerated in this Agreement or in any other Basic Document shall
not be construed as a duty, and the Owner Trustee shall not be
answerable for other than its negligence or willful misconduct in the
performance of any such act.
Section 7.02. Furnishing of Documents. The Owner Trustee shall furnish
to the Owners promptly upon receipt of a written request therefor, duplicates or
copies of all reports, notices, requests, demands, certificates, financial
statements and any other instruments furnished to the Owner Trustee under the
Basic Documents.
Section 7.03. Representations and Warranties. The Owner Trustee hereby
represents and warrants to the Depositor, the Owners and the Insurer that:
(a) It is a banking corporation duly organized and validly
existing in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware. It
has all requisite corporate power and authority to execute, deliver and
perform its obligations under this Agreement.
(b) It has taken all corporate action necessary to
authorize the execution and delivery by it of this Agreement, and this
Agreement will be executed and delivered by one of its officers who is
duly authorized to execute and deliver this Agreement on its behalf.
(c) Neither the execution nor the delivery by it of this
Agreement, nor the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated
hereby nor compliance by it with any of the terms or provisions hereof
will contravene any federal or Delaware law, governmental rule or
regulation governing the banking or trust powers of the Owner Trustee
or any judgment or order binding on it, or constitute any default under
its charter documents or bylaws or any indenture, mortgage, contract,
agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which any of its
properties may be bound or result in the creation or imposition of any
lien, charge or encumbrance on the Trust Estate resulting from actions
by or claims against the Owner Trustee individually which are unrelated
to this Agreement or the other Basic Documents.
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Section 7.04. Reliance; Advice of Counsel.
(a) The Owner Trustee shall incur no liability to anyone in acting upon
any signature, instrument, notice, resolution, request, consent, order,
certificate, report, opinion, bond or other document or paper believed by it to
be genuine and believed by it to be signed by the proper party or parties. The
Owner Trustee may accept a certified copy of a resolution of the board of
directors or other governing body of any corporate party as conclusive evidence
that such resolution has been duly adopted by such body and that the same is in
full force and effect. As to any fact or matter the method of determination of
which is not specifically prescribed herein, the Owner Trustee may for all
purposes hereof rely on a certificate, signed by the president or any vice
president or by the treasurer or other authorized officers of the relevant
party, as to such fact or matter and such certificate shall constitute full
protection to the Owner Trustee for any action taken or omitted to be taken by
it in good faith in reliance thereon.
(b) In the exercise or administration of the trusts hereunder and in
the performance of its duties and obligations under this Agreement or the other
Basic Documents, the Owner Trustee (i) may act directly or through its agents or
attorneys pursuant to agreements entered into with any of them, and the Owner
Trustee shall not be liable for the conduct or misconduct of such agents or
attorneys if such agents or attorneys shall have been selected by the Owner
Trustee with reasonable care, and (ii) may consult with counsel, accountants and
other skilled persons to be selected with reasonable care and employed by it.
The Owner Trustee shall not be liable for anything done, suffered or omitted in
good faith by it in accordance with the written opinion or advice of any such
counsel, accountants or other such persons and not contrary to this Agreement or
any other Basic Document.
Section 7.05. Not Acting in Individual Capacity. Except as otherwise
provided in this Article Seven, in accepting the trusts hereby created, Chase
Manhattan Bank Delaware acts solely as Owner Trustee hereunder and not in its
individual capacity, and all Persons having any claim against the Owner Trustee
by reason of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or any other Basic
Document shall look only to the Trust Estate for payment or satisfaction
thereof.
Section 7.06. Owner Trustee Not Liable for Trust Certificates, Notes or
Contracts. The recitals contained herein and in the Trust Certificates (other
than the signature of the Owner Trustee and the certificate of authentication on
the Trust Certificates) shall be taken as the statements of the Depositor, and
the Owner Trustee assumes no responsibility for the correctness thereof. The
Owner Trustee makes no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this
Agreement, any other Basic Document or the Trust Certificates (other than the
signature of the Owner Trustee and the certificate of authentication on the
Trust Certificates) or the Notes, or of any Contract or related documents. The
Owner Trustee shall at no time have any responsibility or liability for or with
respect to the legality, validity and enforceability of any Contract, or the
perfection and priority of any security interest created by any Contract in any
Financed Vehicle or the maintenance of any such perfection and priority, or for
or with respect to the sufficiency of the Trust Estate or its ability to
generate the payments to be distributed to Certificateholders under this
Agreement or the Noteholders
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under the Indenture, including, without limitation, the existence, condition and
ownership of any Financed Vehicle; the existence and enforceability of any
insurance thereon; the existence and contents of any Contract on any computer or
other record thereof; the validity of the assignment of any Contract to the
Trust or of any intervening assignment; the completeness of any Contract; the
performance or enforcement of any Contract; the compliance by the Depositor, the
Insurer or the Master Servicer with any warranty or representation made under
any Basic Document or in any related document or the accuracy of any such
warranty or representation; or any action of the Administrator, the Indenture
Trustee or the Master Servicer or any subservicer taken in the name of the Owner
Trustee.
Section 7.07. Owner Trustee May Own Trust Certificates and Notes. The
Owner Trustee in its individual or any other capacity may become the owner or
pledgee of Trust Certificates or Notes and may deal with the Depositor, the
Insurer, the Administrator, the Indenture Trustee and the Master Servicer in
banking transactions with the same rights as it would have if it were not Owner
Trustee.
Section 7.08. Pennsylvania Motor Vehicle Sales Finance Act Licenses.
The Owner Trustee, in its individual capacity, shall use its best efforts to
maintain, and the Owner Trustee, as Owner Trustee, shall cause the Trust to use
its best efforts to maintain, the effectiveness of all licenses required under
the Pennsylvania Motor Vehicle Sales Finance Act in connection with this
Agreement and the Basic Documents and the transactions contemplated hereby and
thereby until such time as the Trust shall terminate in accordance with the
terms hereof.
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ARTICLE EIGHT
COMPENSATION OF OWNER TRUSTEE
Section 8.01. Owner Trustee's Fees and Expenses. The Owner Trustee
shall receive as compensation for its services hereunder such fees as have been
separately agreed upon before the date hereof between the Depositor and the
Owner Trustee, and the Owner Trustee shall be entitled to be reimbursed by the
Depositor for its other reasonable expenses hereunder, including the reasonable
compensation, expenses and disbursements of such agents, representatives,
experts and counsel as the Owner Trustee may employ in connection with the
exercise and performance of its rights and its duties hereunder.
Section 8.02. Indemnification. The Company shall be liable as primary
obligor for, and shall indemnify the Owner Trustee and its successors, assigns,
agents and servants (collectively, the "Indemnified Parties") from and against,
any and all liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, taxes, claims, actions
and suits, and any and all reasonable costs, expenses and disbursements
(including reasonable legal fees and expenses) of any kind and nature whatsoever
(collectively, "Expenses") which may at any time be imposed on, incurred by or
asserted against the Owner Trustee or any Indemnified Party in any way relating
to or arising out of this Agreement, the other Basic Documents, the Trust
Estate, the administration of the Trust Estate or the action or inaction of the
Owner Trustee hereunder, except only that the Company shall not be liable for or
required to indemnify an Indemnified Party from and against Expenses arising or
resulting from any of the matters described in the third sentence of Section
7.01. The indemnities contained in this Section shall survive the resignation or
termination of the Owner Trustee or the termination of this Agreement. In the
event of any claim, action or proceeding for which indemnity will be sought
pursuant to this Section , the Owner Trustee's choice of legal counsel shall be
subject to the approval of the Depositor, which approval shall not be
unreasonably withheld.
Section 8.03. Payments to the Owner Trustee. Any amounts paid to the
Owner Trustee pursuant to this Article shall be deemed not to be a part of the
Trust Estate immediately after such payment.
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ARTICLE NINE
TERMINATION OF TRUST AGREEMENT
Section 9.01. Termination of Trust Agreement.
(a) This Agreement (other than Article Eight) and the Trust shall
terminate and be of no further force or effect upon the earlier of (i) final
distribution by the Owner Trustee of all monies or other property or proceeds of
the Trust Estate in accordance with the terms of the Indenture, the Sale and
Servicing Agreement and Article Five, (ii) the expiration of 21 years from the
death of the survivor of the descendants of ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, the late
Ambassador of the United States to the Court of St. James's, living on the date
hereof and (iii) the time provided in Section 9.02. The bankruptcy, liquidation,
dissolution, death or incapacity of any Owner, other than the Company as
described in Section 9.02, shall not (i) operate to terminate this Agreement or
the Trust, (ii) entitle such Owner's legal representatives or heirs to claim an
accounting or to take any action or proceeding in any court for a partition or
winding up of all or any part of the Trust or Trust Estate or (iii) otherwise
affect the rights, obligations and liabilities of the parties hereto.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the obligation of the Owner Trustee to make draws
upon the Certificate Policy shall survive the termination of the Trust until the
end of any preference period associated with the payments previously made with
respect to the Trust Certificates or termination of the Trust.
(b) Except as provided in Section 9.01(a), neither the Depositor, the
Company, the Insurer nor any Owner shall be entitled to revoke or terminate the
Trust.
(c) Notice of any termination of the Trust, specifying the Distribution
Date upon which Certificateholders shall surrender their Trust Certificates to
the Paying Agent for payment of the final distribution and cancellation, shall
be given by the Owner Trustee by letter to Certificateholders mailed within five
Business Days of receipt of notice of such termination from the Master Servicer
given pursuant to Section 9.01(c) of the Sale and Servicing Agreement, stating
(i) the Distribution Date upon or with respect to which final payment of the
Trust Certificates shall be made upon presentation and surrender of the Trust
Certificates at the office of the Paying Agent in the City of New York therein
designated, (ii) the amount of any such final payment and (iii) that the Record
Date otherwise applicable to such Distribution Date is not applicable, payments
being made only upon presentation and surrender of the Trust Certificates at the
office of the Paying Agent therein specified. The Owner Trustee shall give such
notice to the Certificate Registrar (if other than the Owner Trustee) and the
Paying Agent at the time such notice is given to Certificateholders. Upon
presentation and surrender of the Trust Certificates, the Paying Agent shall
cause to be distributed to Certificateholders amounts distributable on such
Distribution Date pursuant to Section 5.02. In addition, the Owner Trustee shall
notify the Rating Agencies upon the final payment of the Trust Certificates.
(d) In the event that all of the Certificateholders shall not surrender
their Trust Certificates for cancellation within six months after the date
specified in the above-mentioned
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written notice, the Owner Trustee shall give a second written notice to the
remaining Certificateholders to surrender their Trust Certificates for
cancellation and receive the final distribution with respect thereto. If within
one year after the second notice all the Trust Certificates shall not have been
surrendered for cancellation, the Owner Trustee may take appropriate steps, or
may appoint an agent to take appropriate steps, to contact the remaining
Certificateholders concerning surrender of their Trust Certificates, and the
cost thereof shall be paid out of the funds and other assets that shall remain
subject to this Agreement. Any funds remaining in the Trust after exhaustion of
such remedies shall be distributed by the Owner Trustee to the Depositor.
(e) Upon the winding up of the Trust and its termination, the Owner
Trustee shall cause the Certificate of Trust to be cancelled by filing a
certificate of cancellation with the Secretary of State in accordance with the
provisions of Section 3810 of the Business Trust Statute.
Section 9.02. Dissolution upon Bankruptcy of the Company. In the event
that an Insolvency Event shall occur with respect to the Company, the Trust will
terminate unless within 90 days after the occurrence of such Insolvency Event,
(i) the Holders of Trust Certificates representing more than 50% of the
Certificate Balance agree in writing to continue the business of the Trust and
to the appointment of a Person to hold the Company Trust Certificate and to
assume the liabilities incident thereto, and (ii) the Owner Trustee requests and
obtains the opinion of counsel from counsel acceptable to the Insurer to the
effect that a failure to terminate the Trust upon the occurrence of such
Insolvency Event (and the transfer, if any, of the Company Trust Certificate),
in light of the vote of the Holders of Trust Certificates referred to in
subparagraph (i) above, will not cause the Trust to be treated as an association
(or publicly traded partnership) taxable as a corporation for federal or
California income tax purposes. Promptly after the occurrence of any Insolvency
Event with respect to the Company, (a) the Company shall give the Insurer, the
Indenture Trustee and the Owner Trustee written notice of such Insolvency Event,
(b) the Owner Trustee shall, upon the receipt of such written notice from the
Company, give prompt written notice to the Certificateholders, the Insurer and
the Indenture Trustee, of the occurrence of such event and (c) the Indenture
Trustee shall, upon receipt of written notice of such Insolvency Event from the
Owner Trustee or the Company, give prompt written notice to the Noteholders of
the occurrence of such event; provided, however, that failure to give a notice
required by this sentence shall not prevent or delay, in any manner, a
termination of the Trust pursuant to the first sentence of this Section .
Following a termination pursuant to this Section , the Owner Trustee shall
direct the Indenture Trustee to sell the assets of the Trust (other than the
Certificate Policy and the Trust Accounts) at one or more private or public
sales conducted in any manner permitted by law. The proceeds of each such sale
of assets of the Trust shall be treated as Net Collections under the Sale and
Servicing Agreement.
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ARTICLE TEN
SUCCESSOR OWNER TRUSTEES AND ADDITIONAL OWNER TRUSTEES
Section 10.01. Eligibility Requirements for Owner Trustee. The Owner
Trustee shall at all times be a corporation satisfying the provisions of Section
3807(a) of the Business Trust Statute; authorized to exercise corporate trust
powers; having a combined capital and surplus of at least $__________ and
subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authorities; and
having (or having a parent that has) a rating of at least Baa3 by Moody's and
A-1 by Standard & Poor's. If such corporation shall publish reports of condition
at least annually pursuant to law or to the requirements of the aforesaid
supervising or examining authority, then for the purpose of this Section , the
combined capital and surplus of such corporation shall be deemed to be its
combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition
so published. In case at any time the Owner Trustee shall cease to be eligible
in accordance with the provisions of this Section , the Owner Trustee shall
resign immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in Section 10.02.
Section 10.02. Resignation or Removal of Owner Trustee. The Owner
Trustee may at any time resign and be discharged from the trusts hereby created
by giving written notice thereof to the Administrator and the Insurer. Upon
receiving such notice of resignation, the Administrator shall promptly appoint a
successor Owner Trustee by written instrument, in duplicate, one copy of which
instrument shall be delivered to the resigning Owner Trustee and one copy to the
successor Owner Trustee; provided that the Depositor shall have received written
confirmation from each Rating Agency that the proposed appointment will not
result in an increased capital charge to the Insurer by either Rating Agency. If
no successor Owner Trustee shall have been so appointed and have accepted
appointment within 30 days after the giving of such notice of resignation, the
resigning Owner Trustee or the Insurer may petition any court of competent
jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Owner Trustee.
If at any time the Owner Trustee shall cease to be eligible in
accordance with the provisions of Section 10.01 and shall fail to resign after
written request therefor by the Administrator, or if at any time the Owner
Trustee shall be legally unable to act, or shall be adjudged bankrupt or
insolvent, or a receiver of the Owner Trustee or of its property shall be
appointed, or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Owner
Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation,
conservation or liquidation, then the Administrator, with the consent of the
Insurer (so long as an Insurer Default shall not have occurred and be
continuing) may remove the Owner Trustee. If the Administrator shall remove the
Owner Trustee under the authority of the immediately preceding sentence, the
Administrator shall promptly appoint a successor Owner Trustee by written
instrument, in duplicate, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the
outgoing Owner Trustee so removed and one copy to the successor Owner Trustee,
and shall pay all fees owed to the outgoing Owner Trustee.
Any resignation or removal of the Owner Trustee and appointment of a
successor Owner Trustee pursuant to any of the provisions of this Section shall
not become effective until acceptance of appointment by the successor Owner
Trustee pursuant to Section 10.03
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and payment of all fees and expenses owed to the outgoing Owner Trustee. The
Administrator shall provide notice of such resignation or removal of the Owner
Trustee to each Rating Agency.
Section 10.03. Successor Owner Trustee. Any successor Owner Trustee
appointed pursuant to Section 10.02 shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to
the Administrator, the Insurer and to its predecessor Owner Trustee an
instrument accepting such appointment under this Agreement, and thereupon the
resignation or removal of the predecessor Owner Trustee shall become effective,
and such successor Owner Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance,
shall become fully vested with all the rights, powers, duties and obligations of
its predecessor under this Agreement, with like effect as if originally named as
Owner Trustee. The predecessor Owner Trustee shall upon payment of its fees and
expenses deliver to the successor Owner Trustee all documents and statements and
monies held by it under this Agreement; and the Administrator and the
predecessor Owner Trustee shall execute and deliver such instruments and do such
other things as may reasonably be required for fully and certainly vesting and
confirming in the successor Owner Trustee all such rights, powers, duties and
obligations.
No successor Owner Trustee shall accept appointment as provided in this
Section unless at the time of such acceptance such successor Owner Trustee shall
be eligible pursuant to Section 10.01.
Upon acceptance of appointment by a successor Owner Trustee pursuant to
this Section , the Administrator shall mail notice thereof to all
Certificateholders, the Insurer, the Indenture Trustee, the Noteholders and each
Rating Agency. If the Administrator shall fail to mail such notice within ten
days after acceptance of such appointment by the successor Owner Trustee, the
successor Owner Trustee shall cause such notice to be mailed at the expense of
the Administrator.
Section 10.04. Merger or Consolidation of Owner Trustee. Any
corporation into which the Owner Trustee may be merged or converted or with
which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger,
conversion or consolidation to which the Owner Trustee shall be a party, or any
corporation succeeding to all or substantially all of the corporate trust
business of the Owner Trustee, shall be the successor of the Owner Trustee
hereunder, without the execution or filing of any instrument or any further act
on the part of any of the parties hereto, anything herein to the contrary
notwithstanding; provided, that such corporation shall be eligible pursuant to
Section 10.01 and, provided, further, that the Owner Trustee shall mail notice
of such merger or consolidation to each Rating Agency.
Section 10.05. Appointment of Co-Trustee or Separate Trustee.
Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Agreement, at any time, for the
purpose of meeting any legal requirements of any jurisdiction in which any part
of the Trust Estate or any Financed Vehicle may at the time be located, the
Administrator and the Owner Trustee acting jointly shall have the power and
shall execute and deliver all instruments to appoint one or more Persons
approved by the Administrator and Owner Trustee to act as co-trustee, jointly
with the Owner Trustee, or as separate trustee or separate trustees, of all or
any part of the Trust Estate, and
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to vest in such Person, in such capacity, such title to the Trust or any part
thereof and, subject to the other provisions of this Section , such powers,
duties, obligations, rights and trusts as the Administrator and the Owner
Trustee may consider necessary or desirable. If the Administrator shall not have
joined in such appointment within 15 days after the receipt by it of a request
so to do, the Owner Trustee alone shall have the power to make such appointment.
No co-trustee or separate trustee under this Agreement shall be required to meet
the terms of eligibility as a successor Owner Trustee pursuant to Section 10.01
except that such co-trustee or successor trustee shall have (or have a parent
that has) a rating of at least Baa3 by Moody's and A-1 by Standard & Poor's, and
no notice of the appointment of any co-trustee or separate trustee shall be
required pursuant to Section 10.03.
Each separate trustee and co-trustee shall, to the extent permitted by
law, be appointed and act subject to the following provisions and conditions:
(a) all rights, powers, duties and obligations conferred or
imposed upon the Owner Trustee shall be conferred upon and exercised or
performed by the Owner Trustee and such separate trustee or co-trustee
jointly (it being understood that such separate trustee or co-trustee
is not authorized to act separately without the Owner Trustee joining
in such act), except to the extent that under any law of any
jurisdiction in which any particular act or acts are to be performed,
the Owner Trustee shall be incompetent or unqualified to perform such
act or acts, in which event such rights, powers, duties and obligations
(including the holding of title to the Trust Estate or any portion
thereof in any such jurisdiction) shall be exercised and performed
singly by such separate trustee or co-trustee, but solely at the
direction of the Owner Trustee;
(b) no trustee under this Agreement shall be personally liable
by reason of any act or omission of any other trustee under this
Agreement; and
(c) the Administrator and the Owner Trustee acting jointly may
at any time accept the resignation of or remove any separate trustee or
co-trustee.
Any notice, request or other writing given to the Owner Trustee shall
be deemed to have been given to each of the then separate trustees and
co-trustees, as effectively as if given to each of them. Every instrument
appointing any separate trustee or co-trustee shall refer to this Agreement and
the conditions of this Article. Each separate trustee and co-trustee, upon its
acceptance of the trusts conferred, shall be vested with the estates or property
specified in its instrument of appointment, either jointly with the Owner
Trustee or separately, as may be provided therein, subject to all the provisions
of this Agreement, specifically including every provision of this Agreement
relating to the conduct of, affecting the liability of or affording protection
to, the Owner Trustee. Each such instrument shall be filed with the Owner
Trustee and a copy thereof given to the Administrator and the Insurer.
Any separate trustee or co-trustee may at any time appoint the Owner
Trustee as its agent or attorney-in-fact with full power and authority, to the
extent not prohibited by law, to do any lawful act under or in respect of this
Agreement on its behalf and in its name. If any separate trustee or co-trustee
shall die, become incapable of acting, resign or be removed, all
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of its estates, properties, rights, remedies and trusts shall vest in and be
exercised by the Owner Trustee, to the extent permitted by law, without the
appointment of a new or successor co-trustee or separate trustee.
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ARTICLE ELEVEN
MISCELLANEOUS
Section 11.01. Supplements and Amendments.
(a) This Agreement may be amended by the Depositor, the Company and the
Owner Trustee, with the prior written consent of the Insurer (so long an Insurer
Default shall not have occurred and be continuing), without the consent of any
of the Noteholders or the Certificateholders, to cure any ambiguity, to correct
or supplement any provisions in this Agreement or to add any other provisions
with respect to matters or questions arising under this Agreement that shall not
be inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement; provided, however, that
any such action shall not, as evidenced by an Opinion of Counsel, adversely
affect in any material respect the interests of any Noteholder or
Certificateholder.
(b) This Agreement may also be amended from time to time with the prior
written consent of the Insurer (so long as an Insurer Default shall not have
occurred and be continuing) by the Depositor, the Company and the Owner Trustee,
with the consent of the Holders of Trust Certificates evidencing not less than
51% of the Certificate Balance (which consent of any Holder of a Note or Trust
Certificate given pursuant to this Section or pursuant to any other provision of
this Agreement shall be conclusive and binding on such Holder and on all future
Holders of such Note or Trust Certificate, as the case may be, issued upon the
transfer thereof or in exchange thereof or in lieu thereof whether or not
notation of such consent is made thereon) and, if such amendment materially and
adversely affects the interests of the Noteholders, with the consent of Holders
(as such term is defined in the Indenture) of Notes evidencing not less than 51%
of the Outstanding Amount of the Notes, for the purpose of adding any provisions
to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this
Agreement, or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Noteholders or the
Certificateholders; provided, however, that no such amendment shall increase or
reduce in any manner the amount of, or accelerate or delay the timing of, (i)
collections of payments on Contracts or distributions that shall be required to
be made for the benefit of the Noteholders or the Certificateholders or any
Interest Rate or the Pass-Through Rate or (ii) reduce the aforesaid percentage
of the Outstanding Amount of the Notes and the Certificate Balance required to
consent to any such amendment, without the consent of the Insurer and the
Holders of all outstanding Notes and Trust Certificates.
(c) Prior to the execution of any such amendment or consent, the Owner
Trustee shall furnish written notification of the substance of such amendment or
consent, together with a copy thereof, to the Indenture Trustee, the Insurer,
the Administrator and each Rating Agency.
(d) Promptly after the execution of any such amendment or consent, the
Owner Trustee shall furnish written notification of the substance of such
amendment or consent to each Certificateholder. It shall not be necessary for
the consent of Certificateholders, Noteholders or the Indenture Trustee pursuant
to this Section to approve the particular form of any proposed amendment or
consent, but it shall be sufficient if such consent shall approve
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the substance thereof. The manner of obtaining such consents (and any other
consents of Certificateholders provided for in this Agreement or in any other
Basic Document) and of evidencing the authorization of the execution thereof by
Certificateholders shall be subject to such reasonable requirements as the Owner
Trustee may prescribe.
(e) Promptly after the execution of any amendment to the Certificate of
Trust, the Owner Trustee shall cause the filing of such amendment with the
Secretary of State.
(f) Prior to the execution of any amendment to this Agreement or the
Certificate of Trust, the Owner Trustee shall be entitled to receive and rely
upon an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of such amendment is
authorized or permitted by this Agreement. The Owner Trustee may, but shall not
be obligated to, enter into any such amendment that affects the Owner Trustee's
own rights, duties or immunities under this Agreement or otherwise.
Section 11.02. No Legal Title to Trust Estate in Owners. The Owners
shall not have legal title to any part of the Trust Estate. The Owners shall be
entitled to receive distributions with respect to their undivided ownership
interest therein only in accordance with Articles Five and Nine. No transfer, by
operation of law or otherwise, of any right, title or interest of the Owners to
and in their ownership interest in the Trust Estate shall operate to terminate
this Agreement or the trusts hereunder or entitle any transferee to an
accounting or to the transfer to it of legal title to any part of the Trust
Estate.
Section 11.03. Limitations on Rights of Others. Except for Section
2.07, the provisions of this Agreement are solely for the benefit of the Owner
Trustee, the Depositor, the Company, the Owners, the Administrator and, to the
extent expressly provided herein, the Indenture Trustee and the Noteholders, and
nothing in this Agreement (other than Section 2.07), whether express or implied,
shall be construed to give to any other Person any legal or equitable right,
remedy or claim in the Trust Estate or under or in respect of this Agreement or
any covenants, conditions or provisions contained herein.
Section 11.04. Notices. All demands, notices and communications under
this Agreement shall be in writing personally delivered or mailed by certified
mail, return receipt requested, and shall be deemed to have been duly given upon
receipt in the case of (a) the Owner Trustee, at the Owner Trustee Corporate
Trust Office; (b) the Depositor, at ▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇,
Attention: Legal Department; (c) the Company, at ▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇,
▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇, Attention: Legal Department; (d) the Insurer, at ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇
▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇, Attention: Surveillance Department, Telex No.:
(▇▇▇) ▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇, Confirmation: (▇▇▇) ▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇, Telecopy Nos.: (▇▇▇) ▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇,
(▇▇▇) ▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇ (in each case in which notice or other communication to Financial
Security refers to an Event of Default, a claim on the Certificate Policy or the
Note Policy or with respect to which failure on the part of Financial Security
to respond shall be deemed to constitute consent or acceptance, then a copy of
such other notice or other communication should also be sent to the attention of
the General Counsel and the Head -- Financial Guaranty Group "URGENT MATERIAL
ENCLOSED"); (e) the Certificate Registrar or the agent for the Owner Trustee, at
the address indicated under the definition of "Owner Trustee
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43
Corporate Trust Office"; or (f) as to each party, at such other address as shall
be designated by such party in a written notice to each other party. Any notice
required or permitted to be mailed to a Certificateholder shall be given by
first-class mail, postage prepaid, at the address of such Holder as shown in the
Certificate Register. Any notice so mailed within the time prescribed in this
Agreement shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given, whether or not
the Certificateholder receives such notice.
Section 11.05. Severability of Provisions. If any one or more of the
covenants, agreements, provisions or terms of this Agreement shall be for any
reason whatsoever held invalid, then such covenants, agreements, provisions or
terms shall be deemed severable from the remaining covenants, agreements,
provisions or terms of this Agreement and shall in no way affect the validity or
enforceability of the other provisions of this Agreement or of the Trust
Certificates or the rights of the Holders thereof.
Section 11.06. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in several
counterparts, each of which shall be an original and all of which shall
constitute but one and the same instrument.
Section 11.07. Successors and Assigns. All covenants and agreements
contained herein shall be binding upon, and inure to the benefit of, each of the
Depositor, the Company, the Insurer, the Owner Trustee and their respective
successors and permitted assigns and each Owner and its successors and permitted
assigns, all as herein provided. Any request, notice, direction, consent, waiver
or other instrument or action by an Owner shall bind the successors and assigns
of such Owner.
Section 11.08. No Petition.
(a) The Depositor will not at any time institute against the Trust or
the Company any bankruptcy proceedings under any United States federal or state
bankruptcy or similar law in connection with any obligations relating to the
Trust Certificates, the Notes, this Agreement or any of the other Basic
Documents.
(b) The Owner Trustee, by entering into this Agreement, each
Certificateholder, by accepting a Trust Certificate, and the Indenture Trustee
and each Noteholder, by accepting the benefits of this Agreement, hereby
covenant and agree that they will not at any time institute against the Seller,
the Depositor, the Company or the Trust, or join in any institution against the
Seller, the Depositor, the Company or the Trust of, any bankruptcy proceedings
under any United States federal or state bankruptcy or similar law in connection
with any obligations relating to the Trust Certificates, the Notes, this
Agreement or any of the other Basic Documents.
(c) The Company will not at any time institute against the Trust, the
Seller or the Depositor any bankruptcy proceedings under any United States
federal or state bankruptcy or similar law in connection with any obligations
relating to the Trust Certificates, the Notes, the Agreement or any of the other
Basic Documents.
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Section 11.09. No Recourse. Each Certificateholder by accepting a Trust
Certificate acknowledges that such Certificateholder's Trust Certificates
represent beneficial interests in the Trust only and do not represent interests
in or obligations of the Depositor, the Company, the Master Servicer, the
Seller, the Administrator, the Owner Trustee, the Indenture Trustee or any of
their respective Affiliates and no recourse may be had against such parties or
their assets, except as may be expressly set forth or contemplated in this
Agreement, the Trust Certificates or the other Basic Documents.
Section 11.10. Certificates Nonassessable and Fully Paid.
Certificateholders shall not be personally liable for obligations of the Trust.
The interests represented by the Certificates shall be nonassessable for any
losses or expenses of the Trust or for any reason whatsoever, and, upon
authentication thereof pursuant to Section 3.03, the Certificates shall be
deemed fully paid.
Section 11.11. Headings. The headings of the various Articles and
Sections herein are for convenience of reference only and shall not define or
limit any of the terms or provisions hereof.
Section 11.12. Governing Law. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE CONSTRUED IN
ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE, WITHOUT REFERENCE TO ITS
CONFLICT OF LAW PROVISIONS, AND THE OBLIGATIONS, RIGHTS AND REMEDIES OF THE
PARTIES HEREUNDER SHALL BE DETERMINED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SUCH LAWS.
Section 11.13. Depositor Payment Obligation. The Depositor shall be
responsible for payment of the Administrator's compensation pursuant to Section
3 of the Administration Agreement and shall reimburse the Administrator for all
expenses and liabilities of the Administrator incurred thereunder.
Section 11.14. Insurer Default or Insolvency. If a default under the
Note Policy or the Certificate Policy has occurred and is continuing or a
Insurer Insolvency has occurred, any provision of this Agreement or any other
Basic Document giving the Insurer the right to direct, appoint or consent to,
approve of, or take any action under this Agreement, shall be inoperative during
the period of such default or the period from and after such Insurer Insolvency
and such consent or approval shall be deemed to have been given for the purpose
of such provisions.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be
duly executed by their respective officers hereunto duly authorized, as of the
day and year first above written.
WFS FINANCIAL AUTO LOANS, INC.,
as Depositor
By:
---------------------------------
Name:
Title:
WFS INVESTMENTS, INC.
By:
---------------------------------
Name:
Title:
FINANCIAL SECURITY ASSURANCE INC.
By:
---------------------------------
Name:
Title:
THE CHASE MANHATTAN BANK (USA),
as Owner Trustee
By:
---------------------------------
Name:
Title:
46
EXHIBIT A
FORM OF CERTIFICATE DEPOSITORY AGREEMENT
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47
EXHIBIT B
CERTIFICATE OF TRUST OF
WFS FINANCIAL 1996-D OWNER TRUST
This Certificate of Trust of WFS Financial 1996-D Owner Trust (the
"Trust"), dated __________, 1996, is being duly executed and filed by Chase
Manhattan Bank Delaware, a Delaware corporation, as trustee, to form a business
trust under the Delaware Business Trust Act (12 Del. Code, Section 3801 et
seq.).
1. Name. The name of the business trust formed hereby is WFS
Financial 1996-D Owner Trust.
2. Delaware Trustee. The name and business address of the
trustee of the Trust in the State of Delaware is Chase Manhattan Bank
Delaware, ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇, Attention: Corporate
Trust Administration Department.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being the sole trustee of the
Trust, has executed this Certificate of Trust as of the date first above
written.
CHASE MANHATTAN BANK DELAWARE,
not in its individual capacity but solely as Owner
Trustee
By:
-----------------------------------------------
Name:
Title:
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48
EXHIBIT C
THIS TRUST CERTIFICATE IS SUBORDINATED IN RIGHT OF PAYMENT TO THE NOTES TO THE
EXTENT DESCRIBED IN THE INDENTURE REFERRED TO HEREIN.
UNLESS THIS TRUST CERTIFICATE IS PRESENTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF
THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY, A NEW YORK CORPORATION ("DTC"), TO THE ISSUER OR
ITS AGENT FOR REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER, EXCHANGE OR PAYMENT, AND ANY TRUST
CERTIFICATE ISSUED IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF CEDE & CO. OR IN SUCH OTHER NAME
AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC (AND ANY PAYMENT IS MADE
TO CEDE & CO. OR TO SUCH OTHER ENTITY AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED
REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC), ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR
OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL INASMUCH AS THE REGISTERED OWNER
HEREOF, CEDE & CO., HAS AN INTEREST HEREIN.
[TO BE INSERTED ON COMPANY CERTIFICATE--
THIS TRUST CERTIFICATE IS NON-TRANSFERABLE]
WFS FINANCIAL 1996-D OWNER TRUST
_____% AUTO RECEIVABLE BACKED CERTIFICATE
evidencing a fractional undivided interest in the Trust, as defined below, the
property of which includes, among other things, (i) a pool of retail installment
sale contracts secured by new and used automobiles and light duty trucks sold to
the Trust by WFS Financial Auto Loans, Inc. and (ii) a Financial Guaranty
Insurance Policy issued by Financial Security Assurance Inc. (the "Certificate
Policy"). The Certificate Final Distribution Date is ____________, 20__.
(This Trust Certificate does not represent an interest in or obligation of WFS
Financial Auto Loans, Inc., WFS Financial Inc, WFS Investments, Inc. or any of
their respective affiliates, and is not a deposit and is not insured by the
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.)
Full and complete payment of the Certificate Distributable Amount on each
Distribution Date is unconditionally and irrevocably guaranteed pursuant to the
Certificate Policy.
NUMBER $__________
R-_____ CUSIP NO. __________
THIS CERTIFIES THAT _______________________ is the registered owner of
__________________________ Dollar ($____________) nonassessable, fully-paid,
fractional undivided interest in the WFS Financial 1996-D Owner Trust (the
"Trust") formed by WFS Financial Auto Loans, Inc., a California corporation (the
"Depositor").
C-1
49
The Trust was created pursuant to a Trust Agreement, dated as of
__________, 1996 (as amended and supplemented from time to time, the "Trust
Agreement"), among WFS Financial Auto Loans, Inc., as depositor (the
"Depositor"), WFS Investments, Inc. (the "Company"), Financial Security
Assurance Inc. (the "Insurer") and The Chase Manhattan Bank (USA), as owner
trustee (the "Owner Trustee"), a summary of certain of the pertinent provisions
of which is set forth below. Capitalized terms used herein that are not
otherwise defined shall have the meanings ascribed thereto in the Trust
Agreement.
This Trust Certificate is one of the duly authorized Trust Certificates
designated as "_____% Auto Receivable Backed Certificates" (the "Trust
Certificates"). Issued under the Indenture, dated as of __________, 1996 (the
"Indenture"), among the Trust and Bankers Trust Company as Indenture Trustee,
are four classes of Notes designated as "_____% Money Market Auto Receivable
Backed Notes, Class A-1", "_____% Auto Receivable Backed Notes, Class A-2",
"_____% Auto Receivable Backed Notes, Class A-3" and "_____% Auto Receivable
Backed Notes, Class A-4" (collectively, the "Notes"). This Trust Certificate is
issued under and is subject to the terms, provisions and conditions of the Trust
Agreement, to which Trust Agreement the Holder of this Trust Certificate by
virtue of its acceptance hereof assents and by which such Holder is bound. The
property of the Trust includes, among other things, (i) a pool of retail
installment sale contracts (the "Contracts") for new and used automobiles and
light duty trucks (the "Financed Vehicles") and (ii) the Certificate Policy.
Under the Trust Agreement, there will be distributed on each ________
20, ___ 20, ______ 20 and _______ 20 of each year or, if any such day is not a
Business Day, the next succeeding Business Day (each, a "Distribution Date"),
commencing on ______ 20, 1997 and ending no later than ________ 20, 20__ to the
person in whose name this Trust Certificate is registered at the close of
business on the last calendar day immediately preceding the related Distribution
Date or, if Definitive Trust Certificates are issued, the 15th day of the
immediately preceding calendar month (each, a "Record Date"), such
Certificateholder's fractional undivided interest in the amount to be
distributed to Certificateholders on such Distribution Date.
The holder of this Trust Certificate acknowledges and agrees that its
rights to receive distributions in respect of this Trust Certificate are
subordinated to the rights of the Noteholders to the extent described in the
Sale and Servicing Agreement and the Indenture.
It is the intent of the Seller, the Master Servicer, the Company and
the Certificateholders that, for purposes of federal income, state and local
income and single business tax and any other income taxes, the Trust will be
treated as a partnership and the Certificateholders (including the Company) will
be treated as partners in that partnership. The Company and the other
Certificateholders, by acceptance of a Trust Certificate, agree to treat, and to
take no action inconsistent with the treatment of, the Trust Certificates for
such tax purposes as partnership interests in the Trust.
Each Certificateholder or Certificate Owner, by its acceptance of a
Trust Certificate or, in the case of a Certificate Owner, a beneficial interest
in a Trust Certificate, covenants and agrees that such Certificateholder or
Certificate Owner, as the case may be, will not at any
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50
time institute against the Trust, the Seller, the Depositor or the Company, or
join in any institution against the Trust, the Seller, the Depositor or the
Company of, any bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, insolvency or
liquidation proceedings, or other proceedings under any United States federal or
state bankruptcy or similar law in connection with any obligations relating to
the Trust Certificates, the Notes, the Trust Agreement or any of the other Basic
Documents.
Distributions on this Trust Certificate will be made as provided in the
Trust Agreement by the Owner Trustee by wire transfer or check mailed to the
Certificateholder of record in the Certificate Register without the presentation
or surrender of this Trust Certificate or the making of any notation hereon,
except that with respect to Trust Certificates registered on the Record Date in
the name of the nominee of the Clearing Agency (initially, such nominee to be
Cede & Co.), payments will be made by wire transfer in immediately available
funds to the account designated by such nominee. Except as otherwise provided in
the Trust Agreement and notwithstanding the above, the final distribution on
this Trust Certificate will be made after due notice by the Owner Trustee of the
pendency of such distribution and only upon presentation and surrender of this
Trust Certificate at the office of the Paying Agent or the office or agency
maintained for that purpose by the Owner Trustee in The City of New York.
Reference is hereby made to the further provisions of this Trust
Certificate set forth on the reverse hereof, which further provisions shall for
all purposes have the same effect as if set forth at this place.
Unless the certificate of authentication hereon shall have been
executed by an authorized officer of the Owner Trustee, by manual signature,
this Trust Certificate shall not entitle the holder hereof to any benefit under
the Trust Agreement or any other Basic Document or be valid for any purpose.
THIS TRUST CERTIFICATE SHALL BE CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS
OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE, WITHOUT REFERENCE TO ITS CONFLICT OF LAW PROVISIONS,
AND THE OBLIGATIONS, RIGHTS AND REMEDIES OF THE PARTIES HEREUNDER SHALL BE
DETERMINED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SUCH LAWS.
C-3
51
[REVERSE OF CERTIFICATE]
The Trust Certificates do not represent an obligation of, or an
interest in, the Seller, the Depositor, the Company, the Master Servicer, the
Owner Trustee or any of their respective Affiliates and no recourse may be had
against such parties or their assets, except as expressly set forth or
contemplated herein or in the Trust Agreement or the other Basic Documents. In
addition, this Trust Certificate is not guaranteed by any governmental agency or
instrumentality and is limited in right of payment to certain collections and
recoveries with respect to the Contracts (and certain other amounts), and
amounts payable under the Certificate Policy, in each case as more specifically
set forth herein and in the Sale and Servicing Agreement. Copies of the Sale and
Servicing Agreement and the Trust Agreement may be examined by any
Certificateholder upon written request during normal business hours at the
principal office of the Depositor and at such other places, if any, designated
by the Depositor.
The Trust Agreement permits, with certain exceptions therein provided,
the amendment thereof and the modification of the rights and obligations of the
parties thereto and the rights of the Certificateholders under the Trust
Agreement at any time by the parties thereto with the consent of Holders of
Trust Certificates evidencing not less than 51% of the Certificate Balance and,
if such amendment materially and adversely affects the interests of the
Noteholders, with the consent of Holders of Notes evidencing not less than 51%
of the Outstanding Amount of the Notes. Any such consent by the Holder of this
Trust Certificate shall be conclusive and binding on such Holder and on all
future Holders of this Trust Certificate and of any Trust Certificate issued
upon the transfer hereof or in exchange herefor or in lieu hereof, whether or
not notation of such consent is made upon this Trust Certificate. The Trust
Agreement also permits the amendment thereof, in certain limited circumstances,
without the consent of the Holders of any of the Trust Certificates or the
Notes.
As provided in the Trust Agreement and subject to certain limitations
therein set forth, the transfer of this Trust Certificate is registerable in the
Certificate Register upon surrender of this Trust Certificate for registration
of transfer at the offices or agencies of the Certificate Registrar maintained
in The City of New York, accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form
satisfactory to the Owner Trustee and the Certificate Registrar duly executed by
the Holder hereof or such Holder's attorney duly authorized in writing, and
thereupon one or more new Trust Certificates of authorized denominations
evidencing the same aggregate interest in the Trust will be issued to the
designated transferee. The initial Certificate Registrar appointed under the
Trust Agreement is The Chase Manhattan Bank, N.A.
Except as provided in the Trust Agreement, the Trust Certificates are
issuable only as registered Trust Certificates without coupons in denominations
of $__________ and in integral multiples of $__________ in excess thereof. As
provided in the Trust Agreement and subject to certain limitations therein set
forth, Trust Certificates are exchangeable for new Trust Certificates of
authorized denominations evidencing the same aggregate denomination, as
requested by the Holder surrendering the same. No service charge will be made
for any such registration of transfer or exchange, but the Owner Trustee or the
Certificate Registrar
C-4
52
may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or governmental charge
payable in connection therewith.
The Owner Trustee, the Certificate Registrar, the Paying Agent and any
of their respective agents may treat the Person in whose name this Trust
Certificate is registered as the owner hereof for all purposes, and none of the
Owner Trustee, the Certificate Registrar, the Paying Agent or any such agent
shall be affected by any notice to the contrary.
The obligations and responsibilities created by the Trust Agreement and
the Trust created thereby shall terminate upon the payment to Certificateholders
of all amounts required to be paid to them pursuant to the Trust Agreement and
the Sale and Servicing Agreement and the disposition of all property held as
part of the Trust Estate. The Seller may at its option purchase the Trust Estate
at a price specified in the Sale and Servicing Agreement, and such purchase of
the Contracts and other property of the Trust will effect early retirement of
the Trust Certificates; however, such right of purchase is exercisable only as
of any Distribution Date as of which (i) the Aggregate Scheduled Balance is less
than or equal to 10% of the Cut-Off Date Aggregate Scheduled Balance and (ii)
the aggregate outstanding principal amount of the Securities is less than 5% of
the aggregate outstanding principal amount of the Securities as of the Closing
Date.
The Trust Certificates may not be acquired by a Benefit Plan. By
accepting and holding this Trust Certificate, the Holder hereof or, in the case
of Book-Entry Trust Certificate, by accepting a beneficial interest in this
Trust Certificate, the related Certificate Owner, shall be deemed to have
represented and warranted that it is not a Benefit Plan and is not acquiring
this Trust Certificate or an interest therein for the account of a Benefit Plan.
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53
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Owner Trustee, on behalf of the Trust and not
in its individual capacity, has caused this Trust Certificate to be duly
executed.
Dated: __________, 1996 WFS FINANCIAL 1996-D OWNER TRUST
By: CHASE MANHATTAN BANK DELAWARE,
not in its individual capacity but solely as
Owner Trustee
By:
-----------------------------------------------
Authorized Signatory
OWNER TRUSTEE'S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION
This is one of the Trust Certificates referred to in the
within-mentioned Trust Agreement.
THE CHASE MANHATTAN BANK, CHASE MANHATTAN BANK DELAWARE, not
as Certificate Registrar in its individual capacity but solely
as Owner Trustee
By: OR By:
--------------------------- ------------------------------------
Authorized Signatory Authorized Signatory
C-6
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ASSIGNMENT
FOR VALUE RECEIVED the undersigned hereby sells, assigns and transfers
unto
PLEASE INSERT SOCIAL SECURITY OR
OTHER IDENTIFYING NUMBER OF ASSIGNEE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Please print or type name and address, including postal zip code, of assignee)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
the within Trust Certificate, and all rights thereunder, hereby irrevocably
constituting and appointing
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
to transfer said Trust Certificate on the books of the Certificate Registrar,
with full power of substitution in the premises.
Dated:
-------------------
Signature Guaranteed:
----------------------------------- ------------------------------------
NOTICE: Signature(s) must be NOTICE: The signature to this
guaranteed by an eligible guarantor assignment must correspond with the
institution. name of the registered owner as it
appears on the face of the within
Trust Certificate in every
particular, without alteration or
enlargement or any change whatever.
C-7