JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

                                                                       EXHIBIT 1

                             JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

        The undersigned hereby agree to the joint filing of the Schedule 13G to
which this Agreement is attached.

                Dated:  January 26, 2005

                                ARTISAN INVESTMENT CORPORATION
                                for itself and as general partner of
                                ARTISAN PARTNERS LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

                                By: ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇*
                                    --------------------------------------------

                                ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇

                                ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇*
                                ------------------------------------------------

                                ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇

                                ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇*
                                ------------------------------------------------


                               *By: /s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇
                                    --------------------------------------------
                                    ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇
                                    Chief Financial Officer of Artisan
                                    Investment Corporation
                                    Attorney-in-Fact for ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇
                                    Attorney-in-Fact for ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇

                                  Page 10 of 12