[VISKASE SALES]
PLEDGE AGREEMENT
----------------
This PLEDGE AGREEMENT (this "Agreement"), dated as of June __,
----------------
1999, made by VISKASE SALES CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation (the
-------------------------
"Pledgor"), to THE CIT GROUP/BUSINESS CREDIT, INC., a New York
----------------------------------
corporation, as agent ("Agent") on behalf of itself and the lenders
("Lenders") a party to that certain Financing Agreement of even date
herewith (as amended, modified or restated from time to time, the
"Financing Agreement") among Lenders and each of Pledgor and VISKASE
-------
CORPORATION ("Viskase Corporation"), a Pennsylvania corporation (the
-----------
Pledgor and Viskase Corporation are collectively referred to as the
"Companies"). All capitalized terms used in this Agreement but not
otherwise defined herein shall have the respective meanings as ascribed
to such terms in the Financing Agreement.
W I T N E S S E T H:
-------------------
WHEREAS, Pledgor, as party to the Financing Agreement and the
subsidiary of Viskase Corporation, will receive significant and material
benefits from the financial accommodations made in connection with the
Financing Agreement;
WHEREAS, pursuant to the Financing Agreement, the Companies are
about to incur certain Obligations;
WHEREAS, pursuant to the Financing Agreement the Pledgor has
granted to the Agent, on behalf and for the benefit of the Lenders, a
lien upon and security interest in substantially all of its property and
assets, including, without limitation, the Pledged Collateral (defined
below), to secure the prompt and complete payment, performance and
observance of the Obligations;
WHEREAS, the Pledgor is the legal and beneficial owner of the
shares of capital stock described in Schedule I hereto (the "Pledged
----------
Shares") and issued by the issuers named therein; and
WHEREAS, it is a condition precedent to the making of the
extensions of credit and other financial accommodations contemplated by
the Financing Agreement that the Pledgor shall have entered into this
Agreement.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and in order to
induce the Agent and Lenders from time to time to make the extensions of
credit and other financial accommodations contemplated by the Financing
Agreement, the Pledgor hereby agrees with the Agent, on behalf and for
the benefit of the Lenders, as follows:
SECTION 1. Pledge. The Pledgor hereby pledges to the Agent, on behalf
and for the benefit of the Lenders, and grants to the Agent, on behalf
and for the benefit of the Lenders, a lien upon and security interest
in, all of the following property and interests in property (the
"Pledged Collateral"):
(i) all of the Pledged Shares;
(ii) all additional shares of stock or other securities of any
issuer of the Pledged Shares from time to time acquired by the
Pledgor in any manner and all shares of stock or other securities
of any Person owned by the Pledgor who, after the date of this
Agreement, becomes, as a result of any occurrence, a Subsidiary of
the Pledgor (any such shares being "Additional Shares"); provided,
however that the pledge of capital stock of any foreign Subsidiary
of Pledgor shall be limited to sixty-five percent (65%) of such
capital stock;
(iii) the certificates representing the shares referred to in
clauses (i) and (ii) above; and
(iv) all dividends, cash, instruments and other property or
proceeds, from time to time received, receivable or otherwise
distributed in respect of or in exchange for any or all of the
foregoing.
SECTION 2. Security for Obligations. This Agreement secures and the
------------------------
Pledged Collateral is security for the prompt and complete payment
(whether at stated maturity, by acceleration or otherwise) of, and the
performance and observance of, the Obligations.
SECTION 3. Delivery of Pledged Collateral. All certificates or
------------------------------
instruments representing or evidencing the Pledged Collateral shall be
delivered to and held by or on behalf of the Agent pursuant hereto and
shall be in suitable form for transfer by delivery, or shall be
accompanied by duly executed instruments of transfer or assignment in
blank, all in form and substance satisfactory to the Agent. The Agent
shall have the right, at any time in its discretion and without notice
to the Pledgor, to transfer to or to register in its name or in the name
of any of its nominees any or all of the Pledged Collateral. In
addition, the Agent shall have the right at any time to exchange
certificates or instruments representing or evidencing any of the
Pledged Collateral for certificates or instruments of smaller or larger
denominations.
SECTION 4. Representations and Warranties. The Pledgor makes the
------------------------------
following representations:
(a) The Pledged Shares (i) have been duly authorized and validly
issued; (ii) are fully paid and non-assessable; and (iii) constitute
100% of the issued and outstanding shares of stock of the issuers owned
by the Pledgor named in Schedule I hereto.
----------
(b) The Pledgor is the legal and beneficial owner of the Pledged
Collateral free and clear of any mortgage, pledge, lien, charge,
security interest, conditional sale or other title retention agreement
or other encumbrance of any kind or description, including, without
limitation, any agreement to give or ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇ ▇▇▇▇ ("Lien"), except for
the Lien created by this Agreement and Liens granted to the Term Lenders
and ▇.▇. ▇▇▇▇▇ (collectively, the "Permitted Liens").
(c) Assuming continuous possession of the Pledged Shares by the
Agent, the pledge of the Pledged Shares pursuant to this Agreement
creates a valid and perfected first priority security interest in the
Pledged Collateral, securing the payment of all of the Obligations.
(d) No consent, authorization, approval, or other action by, and
no notice to or filing with, any governmental authority is required
either (i) for the pledge by the Pledgor of the Pledged Collateral
pursuant to this Agreement or for the due execution, delivery or
performance of this Agreement by the Pledgor, or (ii) for the exercise
by the Agent of the voting or other rights provided for in this
Agreement or of the remedies in respect of the Pledged Collateral
pursuant to this Agreement, except as may be required in connection with
the disposition of the Pledged Collateral by laws affecting the offering
and sale of securities generally.
(e) The issuers named in Schedule I are the direct Subsidiaries of
----------
the Pledgor on the date hereof.
SECTION 5. Further Assurances, Etc. (a) The Pledgor agrees that at
any time and from time to time, at the cost and expense of the Pledgor,
the Pledgor will promptly execute and deliver all further instruments
and documents, and take all further action, that may be necessary or
desirable, or that the Agent may reasonably request, in order to perfect
and protect the Lien granted or purported to be granted hereby or to
enable the Agent to exercise and enforce its rights and remedies
hereunder with respect to any Pledged Collateral.
(b) The Pledgor agrees to defend the title to the Pledged
Collateral and the Lien thereon of the Agent against the claim of any
other Person and to maintain and preserve such Lien until indefeasible
payment in full of all of the Obligations.
SECTION 6. Voting Rights; Dividends; Etc.
-----------------------------
(a) As long as no Event of Default shall have occurred and be
continuing (and, in the case of subsection (a)(i) of this Section 6, as
---------
long as no notice thereof shall have been given by the Agent to the
Pledgor):
(i) The Pledgor shall be entitled to exercise any and all
voting and other consensual rights pertaining to the Pledged
Collateral or any part thereof for any purpose not inconsistent
with the terms of this Agreement, the Financing Agreement or any
other Loan Document; provided, however, that the Pledgor shall not
exercise or shall refrain from exercising any such right if such
action could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse
effect on the value of the Pledged Collateral consisting of the
capital stock of any Subsidiary of Pledgor.
(ii) The Pledgor shall be entitled to receive and retain any
and all dividends paid in respect of the Pledged Collateral, other
than any and all:
(A) dividends paid or payable other than in cash in
respect of, and instruments and other property received,
receivable or otherwise distributed in respect of, or in
exchange for, any Pledged Collateral;
(B) dividends and other distributions paid or payable in
cash in respect of any Pledged Collateral in connection with
a partial or total liquidation or dissolution or in connection
with a reduction of capital, capital surplus or paid-in
-surplus; and
(C) cash paid, payable or otherwise distributed in
redemption of, or in exchange for, any Pledged Collateral,
all of which shall be forthwith delivered to the Agent to hold as
Pledged Collateral and shall, if received by the Pledgor, be
received in trust for the benefit of the Agent, be segregated from
the other property or funds of the Pledgor, and be forthwith
delivered to the Agent as Pledged Collateral in the same form as so
received (with any necessary indorsement).
(iii) The Agent shall execute and deliver (or cause to be
executed and delivered) to the Pledgor all such proxies and other
instruments as the Pledgor may reasonably request for the purpose
of enabling the Pledgor to exercise the voting and other rights
which it is entitled to exercise pursuant to paragraph (i) above
and to receive the dividends which it is authorized to receive and
retain pursuant to paragraph (ii) above.
(b) Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of
Default (and, in the case of subsection (a)(i) of this Section 6, upon
---------
notice thereof given by the Agent to the Pledgor):
(i) Upon notice by the Agent to the Pledgor, all rights of
the Pledgor to exercise the voting and other consensual rights
which it would otherwise be entitled to exercise pursuant to
Section 6(a)(i) above shall cease, and all such rights shall
---------------
thereupon become vested in the Agent who shall thereupon have the
sole right to exercise such voting and other consensual rights;
(ii) All rights of the Pledgor to receive the dividends
which it would otherwise be authorized to receive and retain
pursuant to Section 6(a)(ii) above shall cease, and all such rights
----------------
shall thereupon become vested in the Agent who shall thereupon have
the sole right to receive and hold as Pledged Collateral such
dividends;
(iii) All dividends which are received by the Pledgor
contrary to the provisions of paragraph (ii) of this Section 6(b)
------------
shall be received in trust for the benefit of the Agent, shall be
segregated from other funds of the Pledgor and shall be forthwith
paid over to the Agent as Pledged Collateral in the same form as so
received (with any necessary indorsement); and
(v) The Pledgor shall, if necessary to permit the Agent to
exercise the voting and other rights which it may be entitled to
exercise pursuant to Section 6(b)(i) above and to receive all
---------------
dividends and distributions which it may be entitled to receive
under Section 6(b)(ii) above, execute and deliver to the Agent,
----------------
from time to time and upon written notice of the Agent, appropriate
proxies, dividend payment orders and other instruments as the Agent
may reasonably request. The foregoing shall not in any way limit
the Agent's power and authority granted pursuant to Section 8
---------
hereof.
SECTION 7. Transfers and Other Liens; Additional Shares. (a) The
--------------------------------------------
Pledgor agrees that it will not (i) sell or otherwise dispose of, or
grant any option or warrant with respect to, any of the Pledged
Collateral, or (ii) create or permit to exist any Lien upon or with
respect to any of the Pledged Collateral, except for the Permitted
Liens.
(b) The Pledgor agrees that it will (i) cause each issuer of the
Pledged Shares not to issue any shares of stock or other securities in
addition to or in substitution for the Pledged Shares, except, with the
written consent of the Agent, to the Pledgor, (ii) pledge hereunder,
immediately upon its acquisition (directly or indirectly) thereof, any
and all Additional Shares, and (iii) promptly (and in any event within
three Business Days) deliver to the Agent a Pledge Amendment, duly
executed by the Pledgor, in substantially the form of Schedule II hereto
-----------
(a "Pledge Amendment"), in respect of the Additional Shares, together
with all certificates or instruments representing or evidencing the
same. The Pledgor hereby (i) authorizes the Agent to attach each Pledge
Amendment to this Pledge Agreement, (ii) agrees that all Additional
Shares listed on any Pledge Amendment delivered to the Agent shall for
all purposes hereunder constitute Pledged Shares, and (iii) is deemed to
have made, upon such delivery, the representations and warranties
contained in Section 4 hereof with respect to such Pledged Collateral.
---------
SECTION 8. Agent Appointed Attorney-in-Fact and Proxy. The Pledgor
------------------------------------------
hereby irrevocably constitutes and appoints the Agent and any officer or
agent thereof, with full power of substitution, as its true and lawful
attorney-in-fact and proxy with full irrevocable power and authority in
the place and stead of the Pledgor and in the name of the Pledgor or in
its own name, from time to time in the Agent's discretion upon the
occurrence and during the continuance of any Event of Default, for the
purpose of carrying out the terms of this Agreement, to take any and all
appropriate action and to execute and deliver any and all documents and
instruments which the Agent may deem necessary or advisable to
accomplish the purposes of this Agreement, including, without
limitation, to receive, indorse and collect all instruments made payable
to the Pledgor representing any dividend or other distribution or
payment in respect of the Pledged Collateral or any part thereof and to
give full discharge of the same and to vote or grant any consent in
respect of the Pledged Shares authorized by Section 6(b) hereof;
------------
provided, however, that the Agent will forbear from exercising the power
of attorney or any of the rights granted to the Agent pursuant to this
Section 8 unless and until the Agent shall have requested that Pledgor
---------
take such action, and Pledgor shall have failed to take such action
within five (5) days of its receipt of such request. The Pledgor hereby
ratifies, to the extent permitted by law, all that any said attorney
shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. This power,
being coupled with an interest, is irrevocable until the Obligations are
paid in full and all commitments under the Financing Agreement and the
Loan Documents have terminated.
SECTION 9. Agent Perform. If the Pledgor fails to perform any
-------------
agreement contained herein, the Agent may itself perform, or cause
performance of, such agreement, and the reasonable expenses of the Agent
incurred in connection therewith shall be payable by the Pledgor under
Section 12 hereof and shall constitute Obligations secured hereby.
----------
SECTION 10. Reasonable Care. The Agent shall be deemed to have
---------------
exercised reasonable care in the custody and preservation of the Pledged
Collateral in its possession if the Pledged Collateral is accorded
treatment substantially equal to that which the Agent accords its own
property, it being understood that neither the Agent nor any Lender
shall have responsibility for (i) ascertaining or taking action with
respect to calls, conversions, exchanges, maturities, tenders or other
matters relative to any Pledged Collateral, whether or not the Agent or
any other Lender has or is deemed to have knowledge of any such matter,
or (ii) taking any necessary steps to preserve rights against any Person
with respect to any Pledged Collateral.
SECTION 11. Remedies Upon Default. If any Event of Default shall have
---------------------
occurred and be continuing:
(a) The Agent may exercise in respect of the Pledged Collateral,
in addition to other rights and remedies provided for herein or
otherwise available to it, all the rights and remedies of a secured
party after default under the Uniform Commercial Code (the "Code") in
effect in the State of Illinois at that time, and the Agent may also,
without notice except as specified below, sell the Pledged Collateral or
any part thereof in one or more parcels at public or private sale, at
any exchange, broker's board or at any office of the Agent or elsewhere,
for cash, on credit or for future delivery, and upon such other terms as
the Agent may deem commercially reasonable. The Pledgor agrees that, to
the extent notice of sale shall be required by law, at least ten (10)
days' notice to the Pledgor of the time and place of any public sale or
the time after which any private sale is to be made shall constitute
reasonable notification. The Agent shall not be obligated to make any
sale of Pledged Collateral regardless of notice of sale having been
given. The Agent may adjourn any public or private sale from time to
time by announcement at the time and place fixed therefor, and such sale
may, without further notice, be made at the time and place to which it
was so adjourned. The Pledgor hereby waives any claims against the
Agent arising by reason of the fact that the price at which any Pledged
Collateral may have been sold at such a private sale was less than the
price which might have been obtained at a public sale, even if the Agent
accepts the first offer received and does not offer such Pledged
Collateral to more than one offeree.
(b) If the Agent shall determine to exercise its right to sell all
or any of the Pledged Collateral pursuant to this Section 11, the
----------
Pledgor agrees that, upon request of the Agent, the Pledgor will, at its
own cost and expense:
(i) execute and deliver, and use its best efforts to cause
each issuer of the Pledged Shares and its directors and officers to
execute and deliver, all such instruments and documents, and do or
cause to be done all such other acts and things, as may be
necessary or, in the opinion of the Agent, necessary or advisable
to register such Pledged Shares under the provisions of the
Securities Act of 1933, as from time to time amended (the
"Securities Act"), and to cause the registration statement relating
thereto to become effective and to remain effective for such period
as prospectuses are required by law to be furnished, and to make
all amendments and supplements thereto and to the related
prospectus which, in the opinion of the Agent, are necessary or
advisable, all in conformity with the requirements of the
Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the Securities and
Exchange Commission ("SEC") applicable thereto;
(ii) use its best efforts to qualify the Pledged Collateral
under the state securities or "Blue Sky" laws and to obtain all
necessary governmental approvals for the sale of the Pledged
Collateral, as requested by the Agent;
(iii) make available to its security holders, as soon as
practicable, an earnings statement which will satisfy the
provisions of section 11(a) of the Securities Act; and
(iv) do or cause to be done all such other acts and things as
may be necessary to make such sale of the Pledged Collateral or any
part thereof valid and binding and in compliance with applicable
law.
The Pledgor further acknowledges the impossibility of ascertaining the
amount of damages which would be suffered by the Agent by reason of the
failure by the Pledgor to perform any of the covenants contained in this
Section 11 and, consequently, agrees that, if the Pledgor shall fail to
----------
perform any of such covenants, it shall pay, as liquidated damages and
not as a penalty, an amount equal to the value of the Pledged Collateral
on the date the Agent shall demand compliance with this Section.
(c) The Pledgor recognizes that, by reason of the aforementioned
requirements and certain prohibitions contained in the Securities Act
and applicable state securities laws, the Agent may, at its option,
elect not to require the Pledgor to register all or any part of the
Pledged Collateral and may therefore be compelled, with respect to any
sale of all or any part of the Pledged Collateral, to limit purchasers
to those who will agree, among other things, to acquire such securities
for their own account, for investment, and not with a view to the
distribution or resale thereof. The Pledgor acknowledges and agrees
that any such sale may result in prices and other terms less favorable
to the seller than if such sale were a public sale without such
restrictions and, notwithstanding such circumstances, agrees that any
such sale shall be deemed to have been made in a commercially reasonable
manner. The Agent shall be under no obligation to delay the sale of any
of the Pledged Collateral for the period of time necessary to permit the
Pledgor to register such securities for public sale under the Securities
Act, or under applicable state securities laws, even if the Pledgor
would agree to do so.
(d) If the Agent determines to exercise its right to sell any or
all of the Pledged Collateral pursuant to this Section 11, upon written
----------
request, the Pledgor shall, from time to time, furnish to the Agent all
such information as the Agent may request in order to determine the
number of shares and other instruments included in the Pledged
Collateral which may be sold by the Agent as exempt transactions under
the Securities Act and rules of the SEC thereunder, as the same are from
time to time in effect.
(e) Subject to the requirements set forth in the Loan Documents,
any cash held by the Agent as Pledged Collateral and all cash proceeds
received by the Agent in respect of any sale of, collection from, or
other realization upon all or any part of the Pledged Collateral shall
be applied by the Agent in the order of priorities set forth in the Loan
Documents.
SECTION 12. Expenses. The Pledgor will upon demand pay to the Agent
--------
the amount of any and all reasonable expenses, including, without
limitation, the reasonable fees and expenses of the Agent's counsel and
of any expert, and agents, which the Agent may incur in connection with
(i) the administration of this Agreement, (ii) the custody or
preservation of, sale of, collection from, or other realization upon,
any of the Pledged Collateral, (iii) the exercise or enforcement of any
of the rights and remedies hereunder of the Agent, or (iv) the failure
by the Pledgor to perform or observe any of the provisions hereof.
SECTION 13. INTENTIONALLY DELETED.
SECTION 14. Amendments, Etc. No amendment or waiver of any provision
----------------
of this Agreement nor consent to any departure by the Pledgor herefrom
shall in any event be effective unless the same shall be in writing and
signed by the Agent and the Pledgor, and then any such waiver or consent
shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the specific
purpose for which given.
SECTION 15. No Waiver; Remedies. (a) No failure on the part of Agent
-------------------
to exercise, and no delay in exercising any right hereunder shall
operate as a waiver thereof; nor shall any single or partial exercise of
any right hereunder preclude any other or further exercise thereof or
the exercise of any other right. The remedies herein provided are
cumulative, may be exercised singly or concurrently, and are not
exclusive of any remedies provided by law or the Financing Agreement or
other Loan Documents.
(b) Failure by the Agent or any other Lender at any time or times
hereafter to require strict performance by the Pledgor or any other
Person of any of the provisions, warranties, terms or conditions
contained in the Financing Agreement or other Loan Documents now or at
any time or times hereafter executed by the Pledgor or any such other
Person and delivered to any of the Agent shall not waive, affect or
diminish any right of the Agent at any time or times hereafter to demand
strict performance thereof, and such right shall not be deemed to have
been modified or waived by any course of conduct or knowledge of the
Agent, or any agent, officer or employee of Agent.
SECTION 16. Addresses for Notices. Except as otherwise provided
---------------------
herein, all notices and correspondences hereunder shall be in writing
and shall be delivered and deemed to be effective in the manner and at
the time set forth in Section 12.6 of the Financing Agreement.
SECTION 17. Continuing Security Interest; Transfer of Obligations.
-----------------------------------------------------
This Pledge Agreement shall create a continuing security interest in the
Pledged Collateral and shall (i) remain in full force and effect until
payment in full of the Obligations and the termination of any
commitments under the Financing Agreement or any Loan Document, (ii) be
binding upon the Pledgor, its successors and assigns, and (iii) inure,
together with the rights and remedies of the Agent hereunder, to the
benefit of and be enforceable by the Agent and its successors,
transferees and assigns. Without limiting the generality of the
foregoing clause (iii), any Lender may assign or otherwise transfer all
or any portion of the Obligations owing to it to any other Person, and
such other Person shall thereupon become vested with all the rights in
respect thereof granted to such Lender herein or otherwise with respect
to such of the Obligations so transferred or assigned, subject, however,
to compliance with the provisions of the Financing Agreement and Loan
Documents in respect of assignments. Upon the payment in full of the
Obligations, the Pledgor shall be entitled to the return, upon its
request and at its expense, of such of the Pledged Collateral as shall
not have been sold or otherwise applied pursuant to the terms hereof.
SECTION 18. Governing Law; Severability Terms. This agreement shall be
---------------------------------
governed by, and be construed and interpreted in accordance with, the
internal law of the State of Illinois, without regard to conflict of law
principles. Wherever possible, each provision of this Agreement shall
be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under
applicable law, but if any provision of this Agreement shall be
prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be
ineffective only to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity and
without invalidating the remaining provisions of this Agreement. Unless
otherwise defined herein, terms defined in Article 9 of the Uniform
Commercial Code as in effect in the State of Illinois are used herein as
therein defined.
SECTION 19. WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. THE PLEDGOR AND THE AGENT HEREBY
-------------------- --------------------------------
IRREVOCABLY WAIVE, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, ANY AND ALL
----------------------------------------------------------------------
RIGHT THEY MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN RESPECT OF ANY LITIGATION
-------------------------------------------------------------------
BASED ON, OR ARISING OUT OF, UNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH, THIS
--------------------------------------------------------------
AGREEMENT.
---------
SECTION 20. Section Titles. The Section titles contained in this
--------------
Agreement are and shall be without substantive meaning or content of any
kind whatsoever and are not part of this Agreement.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Pledgor has caused this Agreement to be
duly executed and delivered by its duly authorized officer on the date
first above written.
VISKASE SALES CORPORATION, a
Delaware corporation
By:
-------------------------------------
Its:
-----------------------------------
ACCEPTED AND ACKNOWLEDGED:
THE CIT GROUP/BUSINESS CREDIT, INC.,
a New York corporation, as Agent
By:
----------------------------
Its:
----------------------------
