JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

                                                                       EXHIBIT 1

                             JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

      The undersigned hereby agree to the joint filing of the Schedule 13G to
which this Agreement is attached.




                  Dated:  January 31, 2003





                                        ARTISAN INVESTMENT CORPORATION
                                          for itself and as general partner of
                                          ARTISAN PARTNERS LIMITED
                                          PARTNERSHIP


                                        By: /s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇
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                                               ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇
                                               Chief Financial Officer


                                        ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇

                                        ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇*
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                                        *By: /s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇
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                                                 ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇
                                                 Attorney-in-Fact


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                                       *By: /s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇
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                                                ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇
                                                Attorney-in-Fact