17,620,000 Shares SYNIVERSE HOLDINGS, INC. Common Stock UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
EXHIBIT 1.1
17,620,000 Shares
SYNIVERSE HOLDINGS, INC.
Common Stock
February 9, 2005
▇▇▇▇▇▇ BROTHERS INC.
▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, SACHS & CO.
BEAR, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ & CO. INC.
DEUTSCHE BANK SECURITIES INC.
▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇ & CO. INCORPORATED
FRIEDMAN, BILLINGS, ▇▇▇▇▇▇ & CO., INC.
▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ & ASSOCIATES, INC.,
As Representatives of the several
Underwriters named in Schedule 1,
c/▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Brothers Inc.
▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇
▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇
Dear Sirs:
Syniverse Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), proposes to sell to the several Underwriters listed in Schedule 1 hereto (the “Underwriters”), for whom you are acting as representatives (the “Representatives”), an aggregate of 17,620,000 shares (the “Firm Stock”) of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”). In addition, the Company also proposes to grant to the Underwriters an option to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,956,607 additional shares of Common Stock (the “Company Option Stock”) and certain stockholders of the Company named in Schedule 2 hereto (the “Selling Stockholders”) propose to grant to the Underwriters an option to purchase up to an aggregate of 686,393 additional shares of Common Stock (the “Selling Stockholder Option Stock” and, together with the Company Option Stock, the “Option Stock”) on the terms and for the purposes set forth in Section 3 hereof. The Firm Stock and the Option Stock, if purchased, are hereinafter collectively called the “Stock.” This is to confirm the agreement concerning the purchase of the Stock from the Company and the Selling Stockholders by the Underwriters.
C-1
1. Representations, Warranties and Agreements of the Company and the Principal Subsidiary. Each of Company and Syniverse Technologies, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Principal Subsidiary”), jointly and severally represent and warrant to and agree with each Underwriter and Selling Stockholder that:
(a) A registration statement on Form S-1, and any amendments thereto, with respect to the Stock has (i) been prepared by the Company in conformity with the requirements of the United States Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) and the rules and regulations (the “Rules and Regulations”) of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) thereunder; (ii) been filed with the Commission under the Securities Act and (iii) become effective under the Securities Act. Copies of such registration statement and each of the amendments thereto have been delivered by the Company to the Representatives. As used in this Agreement, “Effective Time” means the date and the time as of which such registration statement, or the most recent post-effective amendment thereto, if any, was declared effective by the Commission; “Effective Date” means the date of the Effective Time; “Preliminary Prospectus” means each prospectus included in such registration statement, or amendments thereof, before it became effective under the Securities Act and any prospectus filed with the Commission by the Company with the consent of the Representatives pursuant to Rule 424(a) of the Rules and Regulations; “Registration Statement” means such registration statement, as amended at the Effective Time, including all information contained in the final prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) of the Rules and Regulations in accordance with Section 6(a) hereof and deemed to be a part of the Registration Statement as of the Effective Time pursuant to paragraph (b) of Rule 430a of the Rules and Regulations; and “Prospectus” means such final prospectus, as first filed with the Commission pursuant to paragraph (1) or (4) of Rule 424(b) of the Rules and Regulations. The Commission has not issued any order preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus.
(b) The Registration Statement conforms, and the Prospectus and any further amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus will, when they become effective or are filed with the Commission, as the case may be, conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and the Rules and Regulations and do not and will not, as of the applicable effective date (as to the Registration Statement and any amendment thereto) and as of the applicable filing date (as to the Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto) contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; provided that no representation or warranty is made as to
information contained in or omitted from the Registration Statement or the Prospectus in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company through the Representatives by or on behalf of any Underwriter specifically for inclusion therein.
(c) The market-related and customer-related data and estimates included under the captions “Prospectus Summary” and “Business” in each Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus are based on or derived from sources which the Company believes to be reliable.
(d) The Company and each of its subsidiaries (as defined in Section 17 hereof) have been duly incorporated or formed, as the case may be, and are validly existing as corporations or limited liability companies, as the case may be, in good standing under the laws of their respective jurisdictions of incorporation or formation, are duly qualified to do business and are in good standing as foreign corporations or limited liability companies, as the case may be, in each jurisdiction in which their respective ownership or lease of property or the conduct of their respective businesses requires such qualification, except for such failures to qualify as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on the business, condition (financial or otherwise), stockholders’ equity, prospects or results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole (a “Material Adverse Effect”), and have all power and authority necessary to own or hold their respective properties and to conduct the businesses in which they are engaged, except where such failure to have such power and authority would not have a Material Adverse Effect; and except for the Principal Subsidiary and Syniverse Brience, none of the subsidiaries of the Company is a “significant subsidiary,” as such term is defined in Rule 405 of the Rules and Regulations.
(e) The Company has an authorized capitalization as set forth in the Prospectus, and all of the issued shares of capital stock of the Company have been duly and validly authorized and issued, are fully paid and non-assessable and conform to the description thereof contained in the Prospectus; and all of the issued shares of capital stock of each subsidiary of the Company have been duly and validly authorized and issued and are fully paid and non-assessable and are owned directly or indirectly by the Company, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, equities or claims, except for such liens, encumbrances, equities or claims as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.
(f) The shares of the Stock to be issued and sold by the Company to the Underwriters hereunder have been duly and validly authorized and, when issued and delivered against payment therefor as provided herein, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable; and the Stock will conform in all material respects to the description thereof contained in the Prospectus.
(g) The Company has all requisite power and authority to enter into this Agreement. This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company.
(h) Neither (i) the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by the Company and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby nor (ii) the amendments to the Company’s charter and by-laws, the dissolution of Syniverse Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Predecessor”), the contribution by the Predecessor of all of the common stock of Syniverse Networks to the Company and the subsequent contribution by the Company of all of the common stock of Syniverse Networks to the Principal Subsidiary, in each case as described in the Prospectus (such actions are herein collectively referred to as the “Reorganization”) will conflict with or result in a breach or violation of any of the terms or provisions of, or constitute a default under, any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is bound or to which any of the property or assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is subject, except where such conflict, breach, violation or default would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect, nor will such actions result in any violation of the provisions of the charter or by-laws of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any statute or any order, rule or regulation of any court or governmental agency or body having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any of their properties or assets; and except for the registration of the Stock under the Securities Act and such consents, approvals, authorizations, registrations or qualifications as may be required under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and applicable state securities laws in connection with the purchase and distribution of the Stock by the Underwriters, no consent, approval, authorization or order of, or filing or registration with, any such court or governmental agency or body is required for the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by the Company and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and the Reorganization, except where such failure to have such consents, approvals, authorizations, registrations or qualifications would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.
(i) Except as described in the Prospectus, there are no contracts, agreements or understandings between the Company and any person granting such person the right to require the Company to file a registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to any
securities of the Company owned or to be owned by such person or to require the Company to include such securities in the securities registered pursuant to the Registration Statement or in any securities being registered pursuant to any other registration statement filed by the Company under the Securities Act.
(j) The Company has not sold or issued any shares of Common Stock during the six-month period preceding the date of the Prospectus, including any sales pursuant to Rule 144A under, or Regulations D or S of, the Securities Act, other than shares issued pursuant to employee benefit plans, qualified stock options plans or other employee compensation plans or pursuant to outstanding options, rights or warrants.
(k) Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has sustained, since the date of the latest audited financial statements included in the Prospectus, any material loss or interference with its business from fire, explosion, flood or other calamity, whether or not covered by insurance, or from any labor dispute or court or governmental action, order or decree, otherwise than as set forth or contemplated in the Prospectus; and, since such date, there has not been any change in the capital stock (other than grants or exercises of stock options pursuant to employee stock option plans or other employee benefit plans from shares reserved for issuance under such plans as described in the Prospectus) or long-term debt of the Company or any of its subsidiaries (other than scheduled principal payments on its senior credit facility and an optional prepayment in the aggregate amount of $20.0 million on its senior credit facility on December 31, 2004) or any material adverse change in or affecting the general affairs, management, financial position, stockholders’ equity or results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, otherwise than as set forth or contemplated in the Prospectus.
(l) The financial statements (including the related notes and supporting schedules) filed as part of the Registration Statement or included in the Prospectus present fairly the financial condition and results of operations of the entities purported to be shown thereby, at the dates and for the periods indicated, and have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods involved; and the assumptions used in preparing the pro forma financial statements included in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus were made in good faith and present fairly in all material respects the significant effects directly attributable to the transactions or events described therein, the related pro forma adjustments give appropriate effect to those assumptions and the pro forma columns therein reflect the proper application of those adjustments to the corresponding historical financial statement amounts.
(m) Ernst & Young LLP, who have certified certain financial statements of the Company, whose reports appear in the Prospectus and who have delivered one of the initial letters referred to in Section 9(f) hereof, are independent public accountants as required by the Securities Act and the Rules and Regulations; and KPMG LLP, whose report appears in the Prospectus and who have delivered one of the initial letters referred to in Section 9(f) hereof, were independent public accountants as required by the Securities Act and the Rules and Regulations during the periods covered by the financial statements on which they reported contained in the Prospectus.
(n) The Company and each of its subsidiaries have good title in fee simple to all real property and good title to all personal property owned by them, in each case free and clear of all liens, encumbrances and defects except such as are described in the Prospectus or such as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and its subsidiaries; and all real property and buildings held under lease by the Company and its subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases (except as such enforceability may be limited by laws relating to bankruptcy and general principles of equity), with such exceptions as are not material and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property and buildings by the Company and its subsidiaries.
(o) The Company and each of its subsidiaries carry, or are covered by, insurance in such amounts and covering such risks as is adequate for the conduct of their respective businesses and the value of their respective properties and as is customary for companies engaged in similar businesses in similar industries.
(p) The Company and each of its subsidiaries own or possess adequate rights to use all material patents, patent applications, trademarks, service marks, trade names, domain names, trademark registrations, service ▇▇▇▇ registrations, copyrights and licenses necessary for the conduct of their respective businesses and do not believe that the conduct of their respective businesses will conflict with, and have not received any notice of any claim of conflict with, any such rights of others.
(q) There are no legal or governmental proceedings pending to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or of which any property or assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is the subject which, if determined adversely to the Company or any of its subsidiaries, would have a Material Adverse Effect; and to the best of the Company’s knowledge, no such proceedings are threatened or contemplated by governmental authorities or threatened by others.
(r) There are no contracts or other documents which are required to be described in the Prospectus or filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement by the Securities Act or by the Rules and Regulations which have not been described in the Prospectus or filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement or incorporated therein by reference as permitted by the Rules and Regulations.
(s) No relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or among the Company, on the one hand, and the directors, officers, stockholders, customers or suppliers of the Company, on the other hand, which is required to be described in the Prospectus which is not so described.
(t) No labor disturbance by the employees of the Company exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent which would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(u) The Company is in compliance in all material respects with all presently applicable provisions of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, including the regulations and published interpretations thereunder (“ERISA”); no “reportable event” (as defined in ERISA) has occurred with respect to any “pension plan” (as defined in ERISA) for which the Company would have any liability; the Company has not incurred and does not expect to incur liability under (i) Title IV of ERISA with respect to termination of, or withdrawal from, any “pension plan” or (ii) Sections 412 or 4971 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, including the regulations and published interpretations thereunder (the “Code”); and each “pension plan” for which the Company would have any liability that is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code is so qualified in all material respects and nothing has occurred, whether by action or by failure to act, which would cause the loss of such qualification.
(v) The Company has filed all federal, state and local income and franchise tax returns required to be filed through the date hereof or has timely requested extensions thereof and has paid all taxes due thereon (except for those taxes that are currently being contested in good faith), and no tax deficiency has been determined adversely to the Company or any of its subsidiaries which has had (nor does the Company have any knowledge of any tax deficiency which, if determined adversely to the Company or any of its subsidiaries, would have) a Material Adverse Effect.
(w) Since the date as of which information is given in the Prospectus through the date hereof, and except as may otherwise be disclosed in the Prospectus, the Company has not (i) issued or granted any securities; (ii) incurred any liability or obligation, direct or contingent,
other than liabilities and obligations which were incurred in the ordinary course of business; (iii) entered into any material transaction not in the ordinary course of business or (iv) declared or paid any dividend on its capital stock.
(x) The Company (i) makes and keeps accurate books and records and (ii) maintains internal accounting controls which provide reasonable assurance that (A) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s authorization; (B) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of its financial statements and to maintain accountability for its assets; (C) access to its assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s authorization and (D) the reported accountability for its assets is compared with existing assets at reasonable intervals.
(y) Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries (i) is in violation of its charter or by-laws; (ii) is in default in any respect, and no event has occurred which, with notice or lapse of time or both, would constitute such a default, in the due performance or observance of any term, covenant or condition contained in any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other Agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it is bound or to which any of its properties or assets is subject or (iii) is in violation in any respect of any law, ordinance, governmental rule, regulation or court decree to which it or its property or assets may be subject or has failed to obtain any license, permit, certificate, franchise or other governmental authorization or permit necessary to the ownership of its property or to the conduct of its business, except, with regard to (ii) and (iii) of this paragraph, for such defaults, violations or failures that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.
(z) Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries, nor any director, officer, agent, employee or other person associated with or acting on behalf of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, has used any corporate funds for any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expense relating to political activity; made any direct or indirect unlawful payment to any foreign or domestic government official or employee from corporate funds; violated or is in violation of any provision of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977; or made any bribe, rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other unlawful payment.
(aa) There has been no storage, disposal, generation, manufacture, refinement, transportation, handling or treatment of toxic wastes, medical wastes, hazardous wastes or hazardous substances by the Company or any of its subsidiaries (or, to the knowledge of the Company, any of their predecessors in interest) at, upon or from any of the property
now or previously owned or leased by the Company or its subsidiaries in violation of any applicable law, ordinance, rule, regulation, order, judgment, decree or permit or which would require remedial action under any applicable law, ordinance, rule, regulation, order, judgment, decree or permit, except for any violation or remedial action which would not, individually or in the aggregate with all such violations and remedial actions, have a Material Adverse Effect; there has been no material spill, discharge, leak, emission, injection, escape, dumping or release of any kind onto such property or into the environment surrounding such property of any toxic wastes, medical wastes, solid wastes, hazardous wastes or hazardous substances due to or caused by the Company or any of its subsidiaries or with respect to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries have knowledge, except for any such spill, discharge, leak, emission, injection, escape, dumping or release which would not, individually or in the aggregate with all such spills, discharges, leaks, emissions, injections, escapes, dumpings and releases, have a Material Adverse Effect; and the terms “hazardous wastes,” “toxic wastes,” “hazardous substances” and “medical wastes” shall have the meanings specified in any applicable local, state, federal and foreign laws or regulations with respect to environmental protection.
(ab) None of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement (including, without limitation, the use of the proceeds from the sale of the Stock), will violate or result in a violation of Section 7 of the Exchange Act or any regulation promulgated thereunder, including, without limitation, Regulations T, U and X of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
(ac) Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is, and after giving effect to the offering and sale of the Stock by the Company and the application of the net proceeds therefrom as described under the caption “Use of Proceeds” in the Prospectus, will be, an “investment Company” or a company “controlled” by an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”), and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.
(ad) Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries does business with the government of Cuba or with any person or affiliate located in Cuba within the meaning of Section 517.075, Florida Statutes.
(ae) Prior to the date of this Agreement, none of the Company, any of its subsidiaries or, to the Company’s knowledge, any person acting on its or their behalf (other than the Underwriters) has taken any action that is designed to or that has constituted or that would reasonably have been expected to cause or result in stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company or its subsidiaries in connection with the sale of the Stock.
(af) The Company has established and maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that (i) are designed to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to the Company’s principal executive officer and its principal financial officer by others within those entities in order for timely decisions for required disclosure in the periodic reports required to be filed by the Company under the Exchange Act; (ii) have been evaluated for effectiveness and presented in the Company’s most recent annual or quarterly report filed with the Commission (the “Report”) as of the end of the period covered by such Report based on such evaluation and (iii) are effective in all material respects to perform the functions for which they were established.
(ag) Based on the evaluation of its disclosure controls and procedures, the Company is not aware of (i) any significant deficiency or material weakness in the design or operation of its internal controls over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information or (ii) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting.
(ah) Since the date of the most recent evaluation of such disclosure controls and procedures, there have been no significant changes in the Company’s internal controls or in other factors that would significantly affect the Company’s internal controls, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses.
2. Representations, Warranties and Agreements of the Selling Stockholders. Each Selling Stockholder, severally and not jointly, represents and warrants to and agrees with each Underwriter, the Company and the Principal Subsidiary that:
(a) The Selling Stockholder has, and immediately prior to any Option Delivery Date (as defined in Section 5 hereof) the Selling Stockholder will have good and valid title to the shares of Selling Stockholder Option Stock to be sold by the Selling Stockholder hereunder on such date, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, equities or claims; and upon delivery of such shares and payment therefor pursuant hereto, good and valid title to such shares, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, equities or claims, will pass to the several Underwriters.
(b) The Selling Stockholder has placed in custody under a custody agreement (the “Custody Agreement” and, together with all other similar agreements executed by the other Selling Stockholders, the “Custody Agreements”) with the Company, as custodian (the “Custodian”), for delivery under this Agreement, certificates in negotiable form (with signature guaranteed by a commercial bank or trust company having an office or correspondent in the United States or a member firm of the New York or American Stock Exchanges) representing the shares of Stock to be sold by the Selling Stockholder hereunder.
(c) The Selling Stockholder has duly and irrevocably executed and delivered a power of attorney (the “Power of Attorney” and, together with all other similar agreements executed by the other Selling Stockholders, the “Powers of Attorney”) appointing the Custodian and one or more other persons, as attorneys-in-fact, with full power of substitution, and with full authority (exercisable by any one or more of them) to execute and deliver this Agreement and to take such other action as may be necessary or desirable to carry out the provisions hereof on behalf of the Selling Stockholder.
(d) The Selling Stockholder has full right, power and authority to enter into this Agreement, the Custody Agreement and the Power of Attorney; the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement, the Custody Agreement and the Power of Attorney by the Selling Stockholder and the consummation by the Selling Stockholder of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby will not conflict with or result in a breach or violation of any of the terms or provisions of, or constitute a default under, any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which the Selling Stockholder is a party or by which the Selling Stockholder is bound or to which any of the property or assets of the Selling Stockholder is subject, nor will such actions result in any violation of the provisions of the charter or by-laws, articles of partnership or deed of trust of the Selling Stockholder, if any, or any statute or any order, rule or regulation of any court or governmental agency or body having jurisdiction over the Selling Stockholder or the property or assets of the Selling Stockholder; and, except for the registration of the Selling Stockholder Option Stock under the Securities Act and such consents, approvals, authorizations, registrations or qualifications as may be required under the Exchange Act and applicable state securities laws in connection with the purchase and distribution of the Selling Stockholder Option Stock by the Underwriters, no consent, approval, authorization or order of, or filing or registration with, any such court or governmental agency or body is required for the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement, the Custody Agreement and
the Power of Attorney by the Selling Stockholder and the consummation by the Selling Stockholder of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby.
(e) To the knowledge of the Selling Stockholder, the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and any further amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus will, when they become effective or are filed with the Commission, as the case may be, do not and will not, as of the applicable effective date (as to the Registration Statement and any amendment thereto) and as of the applicable filing date (as to the Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto) contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; provided that no representation or warranty is made as to information contained in or omitted from the Registration Statement or the Prospectus in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company through the Representatives by or on behalf of any Underwriter specifically for inclusion therein.
(f) The Selling Stockholder has no reason to believe that the representations and warranties of the Company and the Principal Subsidiary contained in Section 1 hereof are not materially true and correct and is not prompted to sell shares of Common Stock by any information concerning the Company or any of its subsidiaries which is not set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus.
(g) The Selling Stockholder has not taken and will not take, directly or indirectly, any action which is designed to or which has constituted or which might reasonably be expected to cause or result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the shares of the Stock.
(h) This Agreement has been duly authorized (if applicable), executed and delivered by the Selling Stockholder.
3. Purchase of the Stock by the Underwriters. On the basis of the representations and warranties contained in, and subject to the terms and conditions of, this Agreement, the Company agrees to sell 17,620,000 shares of the Firm Stock to the several Underwriters and each of the Underwriters, severally and not jointly, agrees to purchase the number of shares of the Firm Stock set opposite that Underwriter’s name in Schedule 1 hereto. The respective purchase obligations of the Underwriters with respect to the Firm Stock shall be rounded among the Underwriters to avoid fractional shares, as the Representatives may determine.
In addition, the Company grants to the Underwriters an option to purchase up to 1,956,607 shares of Company Option Stock, and each Selling Stockholder, severally and not jointly, grants to the Underwriters an option to purchase up to the number of shares of Selling Stockholder Option Stock set opposite such Selling Stockholder’s name in Schedule 2 hereto. Such options are exercisable by the Underwriters solely to cover over-allotments, if any, made by the Underwriters in connection with the Offering as provided in Section 5 hereof. Shares of Option Stock shall be purchased severally for the account of the Underwriters in proportion to the number of shares of Firm Stock set forth opposite the name of such Underwriters in Schedule 1 hereto. The respective purchase obligations of each Underwriter with respect to the Option Stock shall be adjusted by the Representatives so that no Underwriter shall be obligated to purchase Option Stock other than in 100-share amounts.
The price of both the Firm Stock and any Option Stock shall be $15.00 per share.
The Company and the Selling Stockholders shall not be obligated to deliver any of the Stock to be delivered on any Delivery Date (as hereinafter defined), except upon payment for all of the Stock to be purchased on such Delivery Date as provided herein.
4. Offering of Stock by the Underwriters. Upon authorization by the Representatives of the release of the Firm Stock, the several Underwriters propose to offer the Firm Stock for sale upon the terms and conditions set forth in the Prospectus.
It is understood that 400,000 shares of the Firm Stock (the “Directed Shares”) will initially be reserved by the several Underwriters for offer and sale to directors, officers, employees and other persons having business relationships with the Company and its subsidiaries as designated by the Company (the “Directed Share Participants”) at the initial offering price upon the terms and conditions set forth in the Prospectus and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. (the “Directed Share Program”). The Directed Share Participants shall have heretofore delivered to the Representatives indications of interest to purchase the Directed Shares in form satisfactory to the Representatives, and any allocation of such Directed Shares among the Directed Share Participants shall be made in accordance with timely directions received by the Representatives from the Company; provided that under no circumstances shall the Representatives or any Underwriter be liable to the Company or to any Directed Share Participant for any action taken or omitted in good faith in connection with the Directed Share Program. To the extent that any Directed Shares are not confirmed for purchase on or immediately after the date of this Agreement, such Directed Shares may be offered by the Underwriters as part of the public offering upon the terms and conditions set forth in the Prospectus.
5. Delivery of and Payment for the Stock. Delivery of and payment for the Firm Stock shall be made at the offices of ▇▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ LLP, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇, at 10:00 a.m., New York City time, on
February 15, 2005 or at such other date or place as shall be determined by agreement between the Representatives and the Company. This date and time are sometimes referred to as the “First Delivery Date.” On the First Delivery Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered certificates representing the Firm Stock to the Representatives for the account of each Underwriter against payment to or upon the order of the Company of the purchase price by wire transfer in immediately available funds to the account specified by the Company to the Representatives. Time shall be of the essence, and delivery at the time and place specified pursuant to this Agreement is a further condition of the obligation of each Underwriter hereunder. Upon delivery, the Firm Stock shall be registered in such names and in such denominations as the Representatives shall request in writing not less than two (2) full business days prior to the First Delivery Date. For the purpose of expediting the checking and packaging of the certificates for the Firm Stock, the Company shall make the certificates representing the Firm Stock available for inspection by the Representatives in New York, New York, not later than 2:00 p.m., New York City time, on the business day prior to the First Delivery Date.
At any time and from time to time on or before the thirtieth (30th) day after the date of this Agreement, the options granted in Section 3 hereof may be exercised, in whole or in part, by written notice being given to the Company and the Custodian by the Representatives. Such notice shall set forth the aggregate number of shares of Option Stock as to which the options are being exercised, the names in which the shares of Option Stock are to be registered, the denominations in which the shares of Option Stock are to be issued and the date and time, as determined by the Representatives, when the shares of Option Stock are to be delivered; provided, however, that this date and time shall not be earlier than the First Delivery Date nor earlier than the second (2nd) business day after the date on which the options shall have been exercised nor later than the fifth (5th) business day after the date on which the option shall have been exercised. The date and time the shares of Option Stock are delivered are sometimes referred to as an “Option Delivery Date” and the First Delivery Date and the Option Delivery Dates are sometimes each referred to as a “Delivery Date”.
Delivery of and payment for the Option Stock shall be made at the place specified in the first sentence of the first paragraph of this Section 5, or at such other place as shall be determined by agreement between the Representatives and the Company, at 10:00 a.m., New York City time, on the Option Delivery Date. On the Option Delivery Date, the Company and the Selling Stockholders, as applicable, shall deliver or cause to be delivered the certificates representing the Option Stock to the Representatives for the account of each Underwriter against payment to or upon the order of the Company and the Selling Stockholders, as applicable, of the purchase price by wire transfer in immediately available funds to the accounts specified by the Company and the Selling Stockholders, as applicable, to the Representatives. Time shall be of the essence, and delivery at the time and place specified pursuant to this Agreement is a further condition of the obligation of each Underwriter hereunder. Upon delivery, the Option Stock shall be registered in such names and in such denominations as the Representatives
shall request in the aforesaid written notice. For the purpose of expediting the checking and packaging of the certificates for the Option Stock, the Company and the Selling Stockholders, as applicable, shall make the certificates representing the Option Stock available for inspection by the Representatives in New York, New York, not later than 2:00 p.m., New York City time, on the business day prior to the Option Delivery Date.
6. Further Agreements of the Company. The Company agrees:
(a) To prepare the Prospectus in a form approved by the Representatives and to file such Prospectus pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act not later than Commission’s close of business on the second (2nd) business day following the execution and delivery of this Agreement or, if applicable, such earlier time as may be required by Rule 430A(a)(3) under the Securities Act; to make no further amendment or any supplement to the Registration Statement or to the Prospectus except as permitted herein; to advise the Representatives, promptly after it receives notice thereof, of the time when any amendment to the Registration Statement has been filed or becomes effective or any supplement to the Prospectus or any amended Prospectus has been filed and to furnish the Representatives with copies thereof; to advise the Representatives, promptly after it receives notice thereof, of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order or of any order preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus, of the suspension of the qualification of the Stock for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, of the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for any such purpose, or of any request by the Commission for the amending or supplementing of the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or for additional information; and, in the event of the issuance of any stop order or of any order preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus or suspending any such qualification, to use promptly its best efforts to obtain its withdrawal;
(b) To furnish promptly to each of the Representatives and to ▇▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ LLP, counsel for the Underwriters, a signed copy of the Registration Statement as originally filed with the Commission, and each amendment thereto filed with the Commission, including all consents and exhibits filed therewith;
(c) To deliver promptly to the Representatives such number of the following documents as the Representatives shall reasonably request: (i) conformed copies of the Registration Statement as originally filed with the Commission and each amendment thereto (in each case excluding exhibits) and (ii) each Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus and any amended or supplemented Prospectus; and, if the delivery of a Prospectus is required at any time after the Effective Time in connection with the offering or sale of the Stock or any other securities relating thereto and if
at such time any events shall have occurred as a result of which the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made when such Prospectus is delivered, not misleading, or, if for any other reason it shall be necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus in order to comply with the Securities Act, to notify the Representatives and, upon their request, to file such document and to prepare and furnish without charge to each Underwriter and to any dealer in securities as many copies as the Representatives may from time to time reasonably request of an amended or supplemented Prospectus which will correct such statement or omission or effect such compliance;
(d) To file promptly with the Commission any amendment to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or any supplement to the Prospectus that may, in the judgment of the Company or the Representatives, be required by the Securities Act or requested by the Commission;
(e) Prior to filing with the Commission any amendment to the Registration Statement or supplement to the Prospectus or any Prospectus pursuant to Rule 424 of the Rules and Regulations, to furnish a copy thereof to the Representatives and to ▇▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ LLP, counsel for the Underwriters, to allow the Representatives and their counsel a reasonable period of time to review and comment thereon prior to filing and not to file any such amendment or supplement to which the Representatives reasonably object;
(f) As soon as practicable after the Effective Date, to make generally available to the Company’s stockholders and to deliver to the Representatives an earnings statement of the Company and its subsidiaries (which need not be audited) complying with Section 11(a) of the Securities Act and the Rules and Regulations (including, at the option of the Company, Rule 158);
(g) For a period of three (3) years following the Effective Date, to furnish to the Representatives copies of all materials furnished by the Company to its stockholders and all public reports and all reports and financial statements furnished by the Company to the principal national securities exchange upon which the Common Stock may be listed pursuant to requirements of or agreements with such exchange or to the Commission pursuant to the Exchange Act or any rule or regulation of the Commission thereunder;
(h) Promptly from time to time to take such action as the Representatives may reasonably request to qualify the Stock for offering
and sale under the securities laws of such jurisdictions as the Representatives may request and to comply with such laws so as to permit the continuance of sales and dealings therein in such jurisdictions for as long as may be necessary to complete the distribution of the Stock; provided that in connection therewith the Company shall not be required to qualify as a foreign corporation or to file a general consent to service of process in any jurisdiction;
(i) For a period of 180 days from the date of the Prospectus and except as described in the Prospectus with respect to the dissolution of the Predecessor, not to, directly or indirectly, offer for sale, sell or otherwise dispose of (or enter into any transaction or device which is designed to, or could be expected to, result in the disposition by any person at any time in the future of) any shares of Common Stock (other than the Stock and shares issued pursuant to employee benefit plans, qualified stock option plans or other employee compensation plans existing on the date hereof or pursuant to currently outstanding options, warrants or rights), or sell or grant options, rights or warrants with respect to any shares of Common Stock (other than the grant of options pursuant to option plans existing on the date hereof), without the prior written consent of each of ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Brothers Inc. and ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, Sachs & Co.;
(j) Prior to the Effective Date, to apply for the listing of the Stock on the New York Stock Exchange, Inc. and to use its best efforts to complete that listing, subject only to official notice of issuance, prior to the First Delivery Date;
(k) Prior to filing with the Commission any reports on Form SR pursuant to Rule 463 of the Rules and Regulations, to furnish a copy thereof to the counsel for the Underwriters and receive and consider its comments thereon, and to deliver promptly to the Representatives a signed copy of each report on Form SR filed by it with the Commission;
(l) To apply the net proceeds from the sale of the Stock being sold by the Company as set forth in the Prospectus; and
(m) To take such steps as shall be necessary to ensure that neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries shall become an “investment company” within the meaning of such term under the Investment Company Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.
The Company further acknowledges and agrees that the Underwriters’ research analysts and research departments are required to be independent from their respective investment banking divisions and are subject to certain regulations and internal policies, and that such Underwriters’ research analysts may hold and make statements or
investment recommendations and/or publish research reports with respect to the Company and/or the offering of the Stock that differ from the views of the Underwriters’ respective investment bankers. The Company acknowledges that each of the Underwriters is a full-service securities firm and as such from time to time, subject to applicable securities laws, may effect transactions for its own account or the account of its customers and hold long or short positions in debt or equity securities of the Company.
7. Further Agreements of the Selling Stockholders. Each of the Selling Stockholders, severally and not jointly, agrees:
(a) To comply with the terms and conditions of the Lock-Up Letter Agreement between such Selling Stockholder and the Representatives;
(b) That the Selling Stockholder Option Stock to be sold by the Selling Stockholder hereunder, which is represented by the certificates held in custody for the Selling Stockholder, is subject to the interest of the Underwriters and the other Selling Stockholders hereunder, that the arrangements made by the Selling Stockholder for such custody are to that extent irrevocable, and that the obligations of the Selling Stockholder hereunder shall not be terminated by any act of the Selling Stockholder, by operation of law, by the death or incapacity of any individual Selling Stockholder or, in the case of a trust, by the death or incapacity of any executor or trustee or the termination of such trust, or the occurrence of any other event; and
(c) To deliver to the Representatives prior to the First Delivery Date a properly completed and executed United States Treasury Department Form W-8 (if the Selling Stockholder is a non-United States person) or Form W-9 (if the Selling Stockholder is a United States person).
8. Expenses. The Company agrees to pay (a) the costs incident to the authorization, issuance, sale and delivery of the Stock and any taxes payable in that connection; (b) the costs incident to the preparation, printing and filing under the Securities Act of the Registration Statement and any amendments and exhibits thereto; (c) the costs of distributing the Registration Statement as originally filed and each amendment thereto and any post-effective amendments thereof (including, in each case, exhibits), any Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus and any amendment or supplement to the Prospectus, all as provided in this Agreement; (d) the costs of producing and distributing this Agreement, the Custody Agreements and the Powers of Attorney and any other related documents in connection with the offering, purchase, sale and delivery of the Stock; (e) the filing fees incident to securing any required review by the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. of the terms of sale of the Stock; (f) any applicable listing or other fees; (g) the fees and expenses of qualifying the Stock under the securities laws of the several jurisdictions as provided in Section 6(h) hereof and of preparing,
printing and distributing a Blue Sky Memorandum (including related fees and expenses of counsel to the Underwriters); (h) all costs and expenses of the Underwriters (but excluding the related fees and disbursements of counsel for the Underwriters) incident to the offer and sale of the Directed Shares by the Underwriters as described in Section 4 hereof; (i) the costs and expenses relating to investor presentations on any “road show” undertaken in connection with the marketing of the offering of the Stock, including, without limitation, expenses associated with the production of road show slides and graphics, fees and expenses of any consultants engaged in connection with the road show presentations with the prior approval of the Company and travel and lodging expenses of the employees and officers of the Company and any such consultants; (j) all stamp duties, similar taxes or duties or other taxes, if any, incurred by the Underwriters incident to the offer and sale of the Directed Shares pursuant to the Directed Share Program and (k) all other costs and expenses incident to the performance of the obligations of the Company and the Selling Stockholders under this Agreement; provided that, except as provided in this Section 8 and in Section 13 hereof, the Underwriters shall pay their own costs and expenses, including the costs and expenses of their counsel, any transfer taxes on the Stock which they may sell (other than the Directed Shares) and the expenses of advertising any offering of the Stock made by the Underwriters.
9. Conditions of Underwriters’ Obligations. The respective obligations of the Underwriters hereunder are subject to the accuracy, when made and on each Delivery Date, of the representations and warranties of the Company and the Principal Subsidiary and the Selling Stockholders contained herein, to the performance by the Company and the Selling Stockholders of their respective obligations hereunder, and to each of the following additional terms and conditions:
(a) The Prospectus shall have been timely filed with the Commission in accordance with Section 6(a) hereof; no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any part thereof shall have been issued and no proceeding for that purpose shall have been initiated or threatened by the Commission; and any request of the Commission for inclusion of additional information in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or otherwise shall have been complied with.
(b) No Underwriter shall have discovered and disclosed to the Company on or prior to such Delivery Date that the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto contains an untrue statement of a fact which, in the opinion of ▇▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ LLP, counsel for the Underwriters, is material or omits to state a fact which, in the opinion of such counsel, is material and is required to be stated therein or is necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.
(c) All corporate proceedings and other legal matters incident to the authorization, form and validity of this Agreement, the Custody Agreements, the Powers of Attorney, the Stock, the Registration Statement
and the Prospectus, and all other legal matters relating to this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby shall be reasonably satisfactory in all material respects to ▇▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ LLP, counsel for the Underwriters, and the Company and the Selling Stockholders shall have furnished to such counsel all documents and information that they may reasonably request to enable them to pass upon such matters.
(d) ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇ LLP shall have furnished to the Representatives its written opinion, as counsel to the Company, addressed to the Underwriters and dated such Delivery Date, in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇, P.C. shall have furnished to the Representatives its written opinion, as counsel to each of the Selling Stockholders, addressed to the Underwriters and dated such Delivery Date, in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit C.
(e) The Representatives shall have received from ▇▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ LLP, counsel for the Underwriters, such opinion or opinions, dated such Delivery Date, with respect to the issuance and sale of the Stock, the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and other related matters as the Representatives may reasonably require, and the Company shall have furnished to such counsel such documents as they reasonably request for the purpose of enabling them to pass upon such matters.
(f) At the time of execution of this Agreement, the Representatives shall have received from each of Ernst & Young LLP and KPMG LLP a letter, in form and substance satisfactory to the Representatives, addressed to the Underwriters and dated the date hereof (i) confirming that they are independent public accountants within the meaning of the Securities Act and are in compliance with the applicable requirements relating to the qualification of accountants under Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X of the Commission, (ii) stating, as of the date hereof (or, with respect to matters involving changes or developments since the respective dates as of which specified financial information is given in the Prospectus, as of a date not more than five (5) days prior to the date hereof), the conclusions and findings of such firm with respect to the financial information and other matters ordinarily covered by accountants’ “comfort letters” to underwriters in connection with registered public offerings.
(g) With respect to the letters of each of Ernst & Young LLP and KPMG LLP referred to in the preceding paragraph and delivered to the Representatives concurrently with the execution of this Agreement (the “initial letters”), the Company shall have furnished to the Representatives letters (the “bring-down letters”) of such accountants, addressed to the Underwriters and dated such Delivery Date (i) confirming that they are independent public accountants within the meaning of the
Securities Act and are in compliance with the applicable requirements relating to the qualification of accountants under Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X of the Commission; (ii) stating, as of the date of the bring-down letter (or, with respect to matters involving changes or developments since the respective dates as of which specified financial information is given in the Prospectus, as of a date not more than five (5) days prior to the date of the bring-down letter), the conclusions and findings of such firm with respect to the financial information and other matters covered by the initial letter and (iii) confirming in all material respects the conclusions and findings set forth in the initial letters.
(h) The Company shall have furnished to the Representatives a certificate, dated such Delivery Date, of its Chairman of the Board, its Chief Executive Officer or its Chief Operating Officer and its Chief Financial Officer stating that:
(i) The representations, warranties and agreements of the Company and the Principal Subsidiary in Section 1 hereof are true and correct as of such Delivery Date; the Company has complied with all its agreements contained herein; and the conditions set forth in Sections 9(a) and 9(m) hereof have been fulfilled; and
(ii) They have carefully examined the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and, in their opinion (A) as of the Effective Date, the Registration Statement and Prospectus did not include any untrue statement of a material fact and did not omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading and (B) since the Effective Date no event has occurred which should have been set forth in a supplement or amendment to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus.
(i) Each Selling Stockholder (or the Custodian or one or more attorneys-in-fact on behalf of the Selling Stockholders) shall have furnished to the Representatives on the Delivery Date a certificate, dated the Delivery Date, signed by, or on behalf of, the Selling Stockholder (or the custodian or one or more attorneys-in-fact) stating that the representations, warranties and agreements of the Selling Stockholder contained herein are true and correct as of the Delivery Date and that the Selling Stockholder has complied with all agreements contained herein to be performed by the Selling Stockholder at or prior to the Delivery Date.
(j) Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries shall have sustained since the date of the latest audited financial statements included in the Prospectus any loss or interference with its business from fire,
explosion, flood or other calamity, whether or not covered by insurance, or from any labor dispute or court or governmental action, order or decree, otherwise than as set forth or contemplated in the Prospectus or since such date there shall not have been any change in the capital stock (other than grants or exercises of stock options pursuant to employee stock option plans or other employee benefit plans from shares reserved for issuance under such plans as described in the Prospectus) or long-term debt of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any material adverse change, or any development involving a prospective material adverse change, in or affecting the general affairs, management, financial position, stockholders’ equity or results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries, otherwise than as set forth or contemplated in the Prospectus, the effect of which, in any such case described in clause (i) or (ii), is, in the judgment of the Representatives, so material and adverse as to make it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the public offering or the delivery of the Stock being delivered on such Delivery Date on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the Prospectus.
(k) Subsequent to the execution and delivery of this Agreement (i) no downgrading shall have occurred in the rating accorded the Company’s debt securities by any “nationally recognized statistical rating organization,” as that term is defined by the Commission for purposes of Rule 436(g)(2) of the Rules and Regulations and (ii) no such organization shall have publicly announced that it has under surveillance or review, with possible negative implications, its rating of any of the Company’s debt securities.
(l) Subsequent to the execution and delivery of this Agreement there shall not have occurred any of the following: (i) trading in securities generally on the New York Stock Exchange or in the over-the-counter market, or trading in any securities of the Company on any exchange or in the over-the-counter market, shall have been suspended or minimum prices shall have been established on any such exchange or such market by the Commission, by such exchange or by any other regulatory body or governmental authority having jurisdiction; (ii) a banking moratorium shall have been declared by Federal or state authorities or a material disruption in commercial banking or securities settlement clearance services in the United States shall have occurred; (iii) the United States shall have become engaged in hostilities, there shall have been an escalation in hostilities involving the United States or there shall have been a declaration of a national emergency or war by the United States or (iv) there shall have occurred any other calamity or crisis or such a material adverse change in general economic, political or financial conditions in the United States as to make it, in the judgment of ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Brothers Inc. and ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, Sachs & Co., impracticable or inadvisable to
proceed with the public offering or delivery of the Stock being delivered on such Delivery Date on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the Prospectus.
(m) The New York Stock Exchange, Inc. shall have approved the Stock for listing, subject only to official notice of issuance.
All opinions, letters, evidence and certificates mentioned above or elsewhere in this Agreement shall be deemed to be in compliance with the provisions hereof only if they are in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to ▇▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ LLP, counsel for the Underwriters.
10. Indemnification and Contribution.
(a) The Company and the Principal Subsidiary shall jointly and severally indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter, its officers and employees and each person, if any, who controls any Underwriter within the meaning of the Securities Act, from and against any loss, claim, damage or liability, joint or several, or any action in respect thereof (including, but not limited to, any loss, claim, damage, liability or action relating to purchases and sales of Stock), to which that Underwriter, officer, employee or controlling person may become subject, under the Securities Act or otherwise, insofar as such loss, claim, damage, liability or action arises out of, or is based upon, (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained (A) in any Preliminary Prospectus, the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or in any amendment or supplement thereto or (B) in any materials or information provided to investors by, or with the approval of, the Company in connection with the marketing of the offering of the Stock, including any “road show” or investor presentations made to investors by the Company (whether in person or electronically), in each case, which are directly based upon and in conformity with statements or financial information included in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or which materials or information are otherwise included with the written approval or upon the written request of the Company (“Marketing Materials”); (ii) the omission or alleged omission to state in any Preliminary Prospectus, the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, or in any amendment or supplement thereto, or in any Marketing Materials, any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading or (iii) any act or failure to act or any alleged act or failure to act by any Underwriter in connection with, or relating in any manner to, the Stock or the offering contemplated hereby, and which is included as part of or referred to in any loss, claim, damage, liability or action arising out of or based upon matters covered by clause (i) or (ii) above (provided that the Company and the Principal Subsidiary shall not be liable under this clause (iii) to the extent that it is determined in a final judgment by a court of competent jurisdiction that such loss, claim, damage, liability or action resulted directly from any such acts or failures to act undertaken or omitted to be taken by such Underwriter through its gross negligence or willful misconduct), and shall reimburse each Underwriter and each such officer, employee or controlling person promptly upon demand for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by that Underwriter, officer, employee or controlling
person in connection with investigating or defending or preparing to defend against any such loss, claim, damage, liability or action as such expenses are incurred; provided, however, that the Company and the Principal Subsidiary shall not be liable in any such case to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage, liability or action arises out of, or is based upon, any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in any Preliminary Prospectus, the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, or in any such amendment or supplement, or in any Marketing Materials, in reliance upon and in conformity with written information concerning such Underwriter furnished to the Company through the Representatives by or on behalf of any Underwriter specifically for inclusion therein; and provided further, that the foregoing indemnity agreement with respect to any Preliminary Prospectus shall not inure to the benefit of any Underwriter who it shall be established failed to deliver the Prospectus to the person asserting any losses, claims, damages, liabilities and judgments caused by any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or an omission or alleged omission to state a material fact required to be stated in such Preliminary Prospectus or necessary to make the statements in such Preliminary Prospectus not misleading, if (A) the Company shall have furnished copies of the Prospectus to the several Underwriters in the requisite quantity and sufficiently in advance of the Effective Date to permit proper delivery of the Prospectus to such person on or prior to the Effective Date; (B) such misstatement or omission or alleged misstatement or omission was identified at such time to such Underwriter or its counsel and cured in the Prospectus and the Prospectus was required by law to be delivered to such person at or prior to the written confirmation of the sale of Stock to such person and (C) the timely delivery of the Prospectus to such person would have constituted a complete defense to the losses, claims, damages, liabilities and judgments asserted by such person. The foregoing indemnity agreement is in addition to any liability which the Company may otherwise have to any Underwriter or to any officer, employee or controlling person of that Underwriter.
The Company and the Principal Subsidiary hereby agree, jointly and severally, to indemnify and hold harmless ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Brothers Inc. (including its officers and employees) and each person, if any, who controls ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Brothers Inc. within the meaning of the Securities Act (the “▇▇▇▇▇▇ Brothers Entities”), from and against any loss, claim, damage or liability, joint or several, or any action in respect thereof to which any of the ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Brothers Entities may become subject, under the Securities Act or otherwise, insofar as such loss, claim, damage, liability or action arises out of, or is based upon, (i) the failure of a Directed Share Participant to pay for and accept delivery of the Directed Shares sold pursuant to the Directed Share Program that, immediately following the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, were subject to a properly confirmed agreement to purchase or (ii) the Directed Share Program; provided that the Company and the Principal Subsidiary shall not be responsible under this clause (ii) for any loss, claim, damage, liability or action that resulted from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of any of the ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Brothers Entities. The Company and the Principal Subsidiary shall reimburse the ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Brothers Entities promptly upon demand for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by them in connection with investigating or defending or preparing to defend against any such loss, claim, damage, liability or action as such expenses are incurred.
(b) The Selling Stockholders, severally and not jointly, shall indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter, its officers and employees, and each person, if any, who controls any Underwriter within the meaning of the Securities Act, from and against any loss, claim, damage or liability, joint or several, or any action in respect thereof (including, but not limited to, any loss, claim, damage, liability or action relating to purchases and sales of Stock), to which that Underwriter, officer, employee or controlling person may become subject, under the Securities Act or otherwise, insofar as such loss, claim, damage, liability or action arises out of, or is based upon, (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any Preliminary Prospectus, the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or in any amendment or supplement thereto or (ii) the omission or alleged omission to state in any Preliminary Prospectus, Registration Statement or the Prospectus, or in any amendment or supplement thereto, any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and shall reimburse each Underwriter, its officers and employees and each such controlling person promptly upon demand for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by that Underwriter, its officers and employees or controlling person in connection with investigating or defending or preparing to defend against any such loss, claim, damage, liability or action as such expenses are incurred; provided, however, that the Selling Stockholders shall not be liable in any such case to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage, liability or action arises out of, or is based upon, any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in any Preliminary Prospectus, the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or in any such amendment or supplement in reliance upon and in conformity with written information concerning such Underwriter furnished to the Company through the Representatives by or on behalf of any Underwriter specifically for inclusion therein; and provided further, that the foregoing indemnity agreement with respect to any Preliminary Prospectus shall not inure to the benefit of any Underwriter who it shall be established failed to deliver the Prospectus to the person asserting any losses, claims, damages, liabilities and judgments caused by any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or an omission or alleged omission to state a material fact required to be stated in such Preliminary Prospectus or necessary to make the statements in such Preliminary Prospectus not misleading, if (A) the Company shall have furnished copies of the Prospectus to the several Underwriters in the requisite quantity and sufficiently in advance of the Effective Date to permit proper delivery of the Prospectus to such person on or prior to the Effective Date; (B) such misstatement or omission or alleged misstatement or omission was identified at such time to such Underwriter or its counsel and cured in the Prospectus and the Prospectus was required by law to be delivered to such person at or prior to the written confirmation of the sale of Stock to such person and (C) the timely delivery of the Prospectus to such person would have constituted a complete defense to the losses, claims, damages, liabilities and judgments asserted by such person; and provided further, that the liability of each Selling Stockholder hereunder shall not exceed the aggregate net proceeds received by such Selling
Stockholder from the sale of the shares of Selling Stockholder Option Stock sold by such Selling Stockholder; and provided further, that each of the Selling Stockholders set forth on Schedule 3 hereto shall only be liable in any such case to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage, liability or action arises out of, or is based upon, any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in any Preliminary Prospectus, the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or in any such amendment or supplement in reliance upon and in conformity with written information concerning such Selling Stockholder furnished to the Company by or on behalf of such Selling Stockholder specifically for inclusion therein. The foregoing indemnity agreement is in addition to any liability which the Selling Stockholders may otherwise have to any Underwriter or any officer, employee or controlling person of that Underwriter.
(c) Each Underwriter, severally and not jointly, shall indemnify and hold harmless the Company, its officers and employees, each of its directors, and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act, from and against any loss, claim, damage or liability, joint or several, or any action in respect thereof, to which the Company or any such director, officer or controlling person may become subject, under the Securities Act or otherwise, insofar as such loss, claim, damage, liability or action arises out of, or is based upon, (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any Preliminary Prospectus, the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or in any amendment or supplement thereto or (ii) the omission or alleged omission to state in any Preliminary Prospectus, the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, or in any amendment or supplement thereto, any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, but in each case only to the extent that the untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission was made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information concerning such Underwriter furnished to the Company through the Representatives by or on behalf of that Underwriter specifically for inclusion therein, and shall reimburse the Company and any such director, officer or controlling person promptly upon demand for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by the Company or any such director, officer or controlling person in connection with investigating or defending or preparing to defend against any such loss, claim, damage, liability or action as such expenses are incurred. The foregoing indemnity agreement is in addition to any liability which any Underwriter may otherwise have to the Company or any such director, officer, employee or controlling person.
(d) Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under subsections (a), (b) or (c) of this Section 10 of notice of any claim or the commencement of any action, the indemnified party shall, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against the indemnifying party under any of such subsections, notify the indemnifying party in writing of the claim or the commencement of that action; provided, however, that the failure to notify the indemnifying party shall not relieve it from any liability which it may have under any of such subsections except to the extent it has been materially prejudiced by such failure; and provided further, that the failure to notify the indemnifying party shall not relieve it from any liability which it may have to an indemnified party otherwise
than under any of such subsections. If any such claim or action shall be brought against an indemnified party, and it shall notify the indemnifying party thereof, the indemnifying party shall be entitled to participate therein and, to the extent that it wishes, jointly with any other similarly notified indemnifying party, to assume the defense thereof with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party. After notice from the indemnifying party to the indemnified party of its election to assume the defense of such claim or action, the indemnifying party shall not be liable to the indemnified party under subsections (a), (b) or (c) of this Section 10 for any legal or other expenses subsequently incurred by the indemnified party in connection with the defense thereof other than reasonable costs of investigation; provided, however, that the Representatives shall have the right to employ counsel to represent jointly the Representatives and those other Underwriters and their respective officers, employees and controlling persons who may be subject to liability arising out of any claim in respect of which indemnity may be sought by the Underwriters against the Company or any Selling Stockholder under any of such subsections if, in the reasonable judgment of the Representatives, it is advisable for the Representatives and those Underwriters, officers, employees and controlling persons to be jointly represented by separate counsel, and in that event the fees and expenses of such separate counsel shall be paid by the indemnifying party. No indemnifying party shall (i) without the prior written consent of the indemnified parties, settle or compromise or consent to the entry of any judgment with respect to any pending or threatened claim, action, suit or proceeding in respect of which indemnification or contribution may be sought hereunder (whether or not the indemnified parties are actual or potential parties to such claim or action) unless such settlement, compromise or consent (A) includes an unconditional release of each indemnified party from all liability arising out of such claim, action, suit or proceeding and (B) does not include a statement as to or admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of any indemnified party or (ii) be liable for any settlement of any such action effected without its written consent (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld), but if settled with the consent of the indemnifying party or if there be a final judgment of the plaintiff in any such action, the indemnifying party agrees to indemnify and hold harmless any indemnified party from and against any loss or liability by reason of such settlement or judgment.
(e) If the indemnification provided for in this Section 10 shall for any reason be unavailable to or insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party under subsections (a), (b) or (c) of this Section 10 in respect of any loss, claim, damage or liability, or any action in respect thereof, referred to therein, then each indemnifying party shall, in lieu of indemnifying such indemnified party, contribute to the amount paid or payable by such indemnified party as a result of such loss, claim, damage or liability, or action in respect thereof, (i) in such proportion as shall be appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company, the Principal Subsidiary and the Selling Stockholders, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other hand, from the offering of the Stock or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause (i) above is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) above but also the relative fault of the Company, the Principal Subsidiary and the Selling Stockholders, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the
other hand, with respect to the statements or omissions which resulted in such loss, claim, damage or liability, or action in respect thereof, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative benefits received by the Company, the Principal Subsidiary and the Selling Stockholders, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other hand, with respect to such offering shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as the total net proceeds from the offering of the Stock purchased under this Agreement (before deducting expenses) received by the Company and the Selling Stockholders, on the one hand, and the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by the Underwriters with respect to the shares of the Stock purchased under this Agreement, on the other hand, bear to the total gross proceeds from the offering of the shares of the Stock under this Agreement, in each case as set forth in the table on the cover page of the Prospectus. The relative fault shall be determined by reference to whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company, the Principal Subsidiary, the Selling Stockholders or the Underwriters, the intent of the parties and their relative knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. The Company, the Principal Subsidiary, the Selling Stockholders and the Underwriters agree that it would not be just and equitable if contributions pursuant to this Section 10(e) were to be determined by pro rata allocation (even if the Underwriters were treated as one entity for such purpose) or by any other method of allocation which does not take into account the equitable considerations referred to herein. The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result of the loss, claim, damage or liability, or action in respect thereof, referred to above in this Section 10(e) shall be deemed to include, for purposes of this Section 10(e), any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 10(e), no Underwriter shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the total price at which the Stock underwritten by it and distributed to the public was offered to the public exceeds the amount of any damages which such Underwriter has otherwise paid or become liable to pay by reason of any untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. The Underwriters’ obligations to contribute as provided in this Section 10(e) are several in proportion to their respective underwriting obligations and not joint. In no event shall the liability of any Selling Stockholder under this Section 10(e) exceed the amount that such Selling Stockholder would have been required to pay under Section 10(b) had such indemnification been held to be available thereunder.
11. Defaulting Underwriters.
If, on any Delivery Date, any Underwriter defaults in the performance of its obligations under this Agreement, the remaining non-defaulting Underwriters shall be obligated to purchase the Stock which the defaulting Underwriter agreed but failed to purchase on such Delivery Date in the respective proportions which the number of shares
of the Firm Stock set opposite the name of each remaining non-defaulting Underwriter in Schedule 1 hereto bears to the total number of shares of the Firm Stock set opposite the names of all the remaining non-defaulting Underwriters in Schedule 1 hereto; provided, however, that the remaining non-defaulting Underwriters shall not be obligated to purchase any of the Stock on such Delivery Date if the total number of shares of the Stock which the defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters agreed but failed to purchase on such date exceeds 9.09% of the total number of shares of the Stock to be purchased on such Delivery Date, and any remaining non-defaulting Underwriter shall not be obligated to purchase more than 110% of the number of shares of the Stock which it agreed to purchase on such Delivery Date pursuant to the terms of Section 3 hereof. If the foregoing maximums are exceeded, the remaining non-defaulting Underwriters, or those other Underwriters satisfactory to the Representatives who so agree, shall have the right, but shall not be obligated, to purchase, in such proportion as may be agreed upon among them, all of the Stock to be purchased on such Delivery Date. If the remaining Underwriters or other underwriters satisfactory to the Representatives do not elect to purchase the shares which the defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters agreed but failed to purchase on such Delivery Date, this Agreement (or, with respect to any Option Delivery Date, the obligation of the Underwriters to purchase, and of the Company and the Selling Stockholders to sell, the Option Stock) shall terminate without liability on the part of any non-defaulting Underwriter or the Company, the Principal Subsidiary or the Selling Stockholders, except that the Company will continue to be liable for the payment of expenses to the extent set forth in Sections 8 and 13 hereof. As used in this Agreement, the term “Underwriter” includes, for all purposes of this Agreement unless the context requires otherwise, any party not listed in Schedule 1 hereto who, pursuant to this Section 11, purchases Firm Stock which a defaulting Underwriter agreed but failed to purchase.
Nothing contained herein shall relieve a defaulting Underwriter of any liability it may have to the Company, the Principal Subsidiary and the Selling Stockholders for damages caused by its default. If other Underwriters are obligated or agree to purchase the Stock of a defaulting or withdrawing Underwriter, either the Representatives or the Company may postpone the Delivery Date for up to seven (7) full business days in order to effect any changes that in the opinion of counsel for the Company or counsel for the Underwriters may be necessary in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or in any other document or arrangement.
12. Termination. The obligations of the Underwriters hereunder may be terminated by the Representatives by notice given to and received by the Company and the Selling Stockholders prior to delivery of and payment for the Firm Stock if, prior to that time, any of the events described in Sections 9(j), 9(k) or 9(l) shall have occurred or if the Underwriters shall decline to purchase the Stock for any reason permitted under this Agreement.
13. Reimbursement of Underwriters’ Expenses. If (a) the Company or any Selling Stockholder shall fail to tender the Stock for delivery to the Underwriters by reason of any failure, refusal or inability on the part of the Company or the Selling Stockholders to perform any agreement on its part to be performed, or because any other
condition of the Underwriters’ obligations hereunder required to be fulfilled by the Company or the Selling Stockholders is not fulfilled, the Company and the Selling Stockholders shall reimburse the Underwriters for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses (including fees and disbursements of counsel) incurred by the Underwriters in connection with this Agreement and the proposed purchase of the Stock, and promptly upon demand the Company and the Selling Stockholders shall pay the full amount thereof to the Representatives. If this Agreement is terminated pursuant to Section 11 hereof by reason of the default of one or more Underwriters, neither the Company nor any Selling Stockholder shall be obligated to reimburse any defaulting Underwriter on account of those expenses.
14. Notices, etc. All statements, requests, notices and agreements hereunder shall be in writing, and:
(a) if to the Underwriters, shall be delivered or sent by mail, telex or facsimile transmission to ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Brothers Inc., ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇, Attention: Syndicate Department (Fax: ▇▇▇-▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇) and to ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, Sachs & Co., ▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇, Attention: Registration Department, with a copy, in the case of any notice pursuant to Section 10(d) hereof, to the Director of Litigation, Office of General Counsel, ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Brothers Inc., ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ (Fax: ▇▇▇-▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇);
(b) if to the Company or the Principal Subsidiary, shall be delivered or sent by mail, telex or facsimile transmission to the address of the Company set forth in the Registration Statement, Attention: General Counsel (Fax: ▇▇▇-▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇), with a copy to ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, P.C., ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇ LLP, ▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ (Fax: ▇▇▇-▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇); and
(c) if to any Selling Stockholder, shall be delivered or sent by mail, telex or facsimile transmission to such Selling Stockholder at the address set forth on Schedule 2 hereto, with a copy to ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, McAfee & ▇▇▇▇, A Professional Corporation, ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ (Fax: ▇▇▇-▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇);
provided, however, that any notice to an Underwriter pursuant to Section 10(d) hereof shall be delivered or sent by mail, telex or facsimile transmission to such Underwriter at its address set forth in its acceptance telex to the Representatives, which address will be supplied to any other party hereto by the Representatives upon request. Any such statements, requests, notices or agreements shall take effect at the time of receipt thereof. The Company and the Selling Stockholders shall be entitled to act and rely upon any request, consent, notice or agreement given or made on behalf of the Underwriters by ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Brothers Inc. and ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, Sachs & Co., and the Company and the Underwriters shall be entitled to act and rely upon any request, consent, notice or agreement given or made on behalf of the Selling Stockholders by the Custodian.
15. Persons Entitled to Benefit of Agreement. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Underwriters, the Company, the Principal Subsidiary, the Selling Stockholders and their respective personal representatives and successors. This Agreement and the terms and provisions hereof are for the sole benefit of only those persons, except that (A) the representations, warranties, indemnities and agreements of the Company and the Selling Stockholders contained in this Agreement shall also be deemed to be for the benefit of the person or persons, if any, who control any Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act and (B) the indemnity agreement of the Underwriters contained in Section 10(c) of this Agreement shall be deemed to be for the benefit of directors of the Company, officers of the Company who have signed the Registration Statement and any person controlling the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act. Nothing in this Agreement is intended or shall be construed to give any person, other than the persons referred to in this Section 15, any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this Agreement or any provision contained herein.
16. Survival. The respective indemnities, representations, warranties and agreements of the Company, the Principal Subsidiary, the Selling Stockholders and the Underwriters contained in this Agreement or made by or on behalf of them, respectively, pursuant to this Agreement, shall survive the delivery of and payment for the Stock and shall remain in full force and effect, regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of any of them or any person controlling any of them.
17. Definition of the Terms “Business Day” and “Subsidiary.” For purposes of this Agreement, (a) “business day” means any day on which the New York Stock Exchange, Inc. is open for trading and (b) “subsidiary” has the meaning set forth in Rule 405 of the Rules and Regulations.
18. Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of New York.
19. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts and, if executed in more than one counterpart, the executed counterparts shall each be deemed to be an original but all such counterparts shall together constitute one and the same instrument.
20. Headings. The headings herein are inserted for convenience of reference only and are not intended to be part of, or to affect the meaning or interpretation of, this Agreement.
[Signature page follows]
If the foregoing correctly sets forth the Agreement among the Company, the Principal Subsidiary, the Selling Stockholders and the Underwriters, please indicate your acceptance in the space provided for that purpose below.
| Very truly yours, | ||
| SYNIVERSE HOLDINGS, INC. | ||
| By: |
/s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ | |
| SYNIVERSE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. | ||
| By: |
/s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ | |
| The Selling Stockholders named in Schedule 2 to this Agreement | ||
| By: |
/s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇ | |
| Attorney-in-Fact | ||
| Accepted: | ||
| ▇▇▇▇▇▇ BROTHERS INC. | ||
| ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇ & CO. | ||
| BEAR, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ & CO. INC. | ||
| DEUTSCHE BANK SECURITIES INC. | ||
| ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇ & CO. INCORPORATED | ||
| FRIEDMAN, BILLINGS, ▇▇▇▇▇▇ & CO., INC. | ||
| ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ & ASSOCIATES, INC. | ||
| For themselves and as Representatives of the several Underwriters named in Schedule 1 hereto | ||
| By: |
▇▇▇▇▇▇ BROTHERS INC. | |
| By: |
/s/ ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ | |
| ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇ & CO. | ||
| By: |
/s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, Sachs & Co. | |
| (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇ & Co.) | ||