JOINT FILING AGREEMENT ----------------------

 
                                                                       EXHIBIT 1

                            JOINT FILING AGREEMENT
                            ----------------------

                                        

          The undersigned hereby agree to jointly file a statement on Schedule
13D, together with any amendments thereto (collectively, the "Schedule 13Ds"),
with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the requirements of Rule
13d-1(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.



Date:  October 26, 1998                     /s/ ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇
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                                            ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇ TRUST
 
 
Date:  October 26, 1998
                                            By: /s/ ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇
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                                                Trustee