JOINT FILING AGREEMENT Michael E. Heisley, Sr. ("Heisley") and The Heico Companies, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("Heico") hereby agree that the Schedule 13D to which this statement is attached is filed on behalf of Heisley and Heico and...

                                    Exhibit 1
                                 to Schedule 13D
                             Dated December 31, 1998
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                                       And
                            The Heico Companies, LLC



                             JOINT FILING AGREEMENT


         ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇,  ▇▇.  ("▇▇▇▇▇▇▇") and The Heico  Companies,  LLC, a
Delaware limited  liability company ("Heico") hereby agree that the Schedule 13D
to which this  statement is attached is filed on behalf of ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ and Heico and
that any  amendments to this amendment to Schedule 13D may be filed on behalf of
▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ and Heico.



January 8, 1999

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                                     The Heico Companies, LLC


                                     By:  /s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇.
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                                              Manager and President