Discussion and Conclusion Clause Samples

Discussion and Conclusion. References

Discussion and Conclusion. Any measure of ecological quality or status is of little value without some knowledge of its level of uncertainty. To measure the uncertainty on lake assessment, it is important to have an understanding of the variability of the metric value (▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al., 2006). To estimate this variability within metric values and to quantify the different components, especially the variability due to sampling, the WISER project organized a replicate field sampling program. This design allows to accurately estimate the sampling variability of the metric values. Here we conducted a time-for-space analysis in which we use an existing long term data series of 23 years of macroinvertebrate data and abiotic variables of a Dutch shallow lake. When we take the entire dataset into account (1981-2004) a large proportion of the total variation (70%) in the MM values can be attributed to changes in abiotic factors, especially chlorophlyll A. The higher the chlorophyll A concentration the lower the values of MM. The remaining 30 % can’t be explained by this model, and is the unexplained variation. This can also be expressed as the standard deviation of the residuals (SDr) which is 0.04. For the values of % EPT abundance abiotic factors NH4, NO3 and chlorophyll A explain the majority of the variation (80%). The unexplained variation in %EPT abundance is related to different sources, such as sampling variation, taxonomic identification errors, natural temporal variation or unknown sources. Due to lack of information about these sources we cannot divide this unexplained variation any further. That’s why the value that we found for the SDr value of %EPT abundance (0.11) is larger than the value that ▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al. (2006) found for the average sampling SD for % EPT abundance (0.031) of samples taken with the RIVPACS method in different Austrian river. Afterall, sampling variation is just a part of the total unexplained variation we found. Similar to ▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al. (2006) we find that EPT abundance, one of the individual component metrics of MM has a larger variance than multimetric MM. Because the lower SDr of MM, the Multimetric MM has a higher precision to estimate the ecological status of a lake. Another method to improve the insights on variability or uncertainty is to use a subset of data of the stable period of the lake. This way the SDt will be smaller and is a better estimate of unexplained variation. If we look at the values of MM we notice that the total variability in the value...

Discussion and Conclusion. Inviting a wide variety of stakeholders from different sectors to the MOVE pre-conference meant that the discussions that were held were very enriching for all involved, allowing participants to exchange and discuss with other participants coming from a different perspective and professional background. The recommendations that have come out of the discussions come from experienced professionals who are familiar with European (and international) youth mobility, and should be seriously considered at both European and national levels.

Discussion and Conclusion. Discussion

Discussion and Conclusion. The main results of the present study showed good agreement and reproducibility between the velocities determined by the CV, AT, and simu- lated time trial on the track with the real-time of a 10-km official race. These results corroborate the findings of another study (▇▇▇▇▇, et al., 2014), which analyzed the predictive capacity of the AT determined in the laboratory and Montreal Test (MT) (▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, 1980) for performance

Discussion and Conclusion. This paper uses administrative and survey data to examine the factors which influence a student’s decision to participate in the Purdue University income share agreement (ISA). The results suggest that there is no adverse selection into the ISA by student ability (GPA, SAT scores) and that selection is driven primarily by parent characteristics. There is also evidence that students are taking advantage of the groups used to set income share percentages; students in higher-paying majors within each group are less likely to participate than those in lower-paying majors. And finally, there is some evidence that students who would like to move to a larger city, where salaries are higher, are less likely to participate in the ISA. My view is that the Purdue income share agreement program has two important char- acteristics that reduce the expected adverse selection. First, eligibility for the program is restricted to sophomores, juniors, and seniors in an environment where it is more difficult to change majors than at most other universities. The second important program charac- teristic is that there are different income share percentage based on the average earnings of graduates from the student’s major and on the student’s year in school. If there were a single income share percentage applied to all students at the university, I believe there would be strong adverse selection by major and year in school. I caution that my conclusion of very little adverse selection into the Purdue ISA may not be (and probably is not) applicable to many other proposed ISA programs. Many proposed ISA programs have an explicit goal of increasing access to college and would allow first- year students to participate. This would increase the adverse selection and would make it very difficult to offer different income share percentages based on expected future earnings when the student has not yet even taken any college courses. The estimated negative effect of the income share percentage on participation suggests that if a single common income share percentage were offered to all ISA applicants, only those planning to graduate in a low-paying major would participate. Allowing differential pricing based on observable student characteristics such as SAT scores, high school GPA, and other factors on the college admission application may help to reduce some of the anticipated adverse selection, though it is simply speculation if this would be successful. Though there is no evidence th...

Discussion and Conclusion. This section must present the significance of results and their relation to the aims of the study. In addition, how the findings of the study affect what we know about the subject must be explained by citing the relevant literature. ☐ ☐

Discussion and Conclusion. The main topic of this article is the phonological properties of morphemes of the same nominal class in Fròʔò, the most striking aspect being the presence of recurrent articulatory features for each inflectional class, a case of alliterative concord. This pattern arises when several functional morphemes of the same class are linearized. The best answer of morphology is to reproduce the pairing between class and phonological features each time a function word is present. In (57), a longer sequence of functional morphemes, the same pairing is reproduced six times.

Discussion and Conclusion. PK of drugs in the CNS is governed by a combination of CNS system physiology and drug properties. This means that variability in CNS system physiological parameters (condition dependency) may lead to variability of CNS drug PK. Therefore, it is important to explicitly distinguish between system physiology and drug properties, by either changing conditions and investigating the PK of one drug, or investigating the PK of different drugs in the same condition. The currently available predictive approaches are based on total drug plasma and total tissue concentrations at equilibrium (SS), while more recent approaches include, at best, unbound plasma SS concentrations. However, as body processes are based on the interaction with the unbound drug and are time-dependent, it is crucial to measure the unbound drug in each compartment as a function of time (Mastermind Research 2 Approach (MRA)) (4), for which microdialysis has been proven the key technique. Using the MRA, microdialysis will provide lots of valuable data that pave the way towards a generic CNS PBPK model. One microdialysis experiment in a single freely-moving animal can provide a lot of data points, obtained under the same experimental condition of the animal, and thereby revealing the interrelationships of processes. With this microdialysis has already contributed to reduction and refinement in the use of animals. Furthermore, all this information can further be “condensed” into a generic PBPK model, and will thereby help in the reduction in the future use of animals (189). In order to be able to predict CNS drug effects in human, next steps would be the development of a full PBPK CNS drug distribution model, and combining it with target binding kinetics, receptor occupancy and signal transduction (190,191), and including system changes by human disease condition.