Ecotoxicity studies Clause Samples

Ecotoxicity studies. A number of comprehensive reviews are available that provide in depth discussions of the advantages and disadvantages of a range of analytical techniques available for the characterisation and analysis of engineered nanomaterials (MNM) (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, Haus et al. 2007, ▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al. 2009, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al. 2011, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al. 2011). Environmental fate and effects research of MNM has highlighted the need for comprehensive characterisation of nanomaterials in order to draw conclusive results from the data. In addition to characterisation of the pure MNM, assessment of their behaviour in relevant ecotoxicity exposure media (biological tissues, natural surface waters, soils and sediments) is necessary. MNM properties including particle size and size distribution, surface charge and shape properties, solubility and agglomeration and aggregation states in environmental and experimental media are known to change substantially relative to mono-dispersed controlled media suspensions (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ 2008, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al. 2009, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al. 2011). The complexity of test media clearly introduces additional challenges for the extraction and detection of MNM in such matrices (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al. 2011). Furthermore, the difficulties associated with distinguishing between naturally occurring and anthropogenically generated nanomaterials adds greatly to these analytical challenges (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al. 2011). Previously, critical MNM characteristics that should be determined for toxicological assessments include particle size/size distribution, surface chemistry, surface area and the particle chemical composition and concentration (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ 2008, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al. 2009, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al. 2011). A large number of MNM have been investigated in environmental fate and effects studies. Reviews are available that discuss the environmental behaviour and ecotoxicity of MNM towards aquatic and terrestrial organisms such as algae, crustaceans, ciliates, fish, bacteria, fungi, plants, nematodes and earthworms (▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al. 2008, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇ et al. 2008, ▇▇▇▇▇ and ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ 2010, ▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al. 2012, Miralles, Church et al. 2012). A wide range of lethal and sub lethal endpoints have been investigated (▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al. 2008), but reported ecotoxicity data is often inconsistent due to the use of different exposure conditions and limited understanding of MNM physical and chemical properties. The majority...

Related to Ecotoxicity studies

  • Study An application for leave of absence for professional study must be supported by a written statement indicating what study or research is to be undertaken, or, if applicable, what subjects are to be studied and at what institutions.

  • Clinical Studies The animal and other preclinical studies and clinical trials conducted by the Company or on behalf of the Company were, and, if still pending are, to the Company’s knowledge, being conducted in all material respects in compliance with all Applicable Laws and in accordance with experimental protocols, procedures and controls generally used by qualified experts in the preclinical study and clinical trials of new drugs and biologics as applied to comparable products to those being developed by the Company; the descriptions of the results of such preclinical studies and clinical trials contained in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus are accurate and complete in all material respects, and, except as set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, the Company has no knowledge of any other clinical trials or preclinical studies, the results of which reasonably call into question the clinical trial or preclinical study results described or referred to in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus when viewed in the context in which such results are described; and the Company has not received any written notices or correspondence from the FDA, the EMA, or any other domestic or foreign governmental agency requiring the termination, suspension or modification of any preclinical studies or clinical trials conducted by or on behalf of the Company that are described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus or the results of which are referred to in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus.

  • Clinical Trials The studies, tests and preclinical and clinical trials conducted by or on behalf of, or sponsored by, the Company, or in which the Company has participated, that are described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, or the results of which are referred to in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, were and, if still pending, are being conducted in all material respects in accordance with protocols, procedures and controls pursuant to, where applicable, accepted professional and scientific standards for products or product candidates comparable to those being developed by the Company and all applicable statutes, rules and regulations of the FDA, the EMA, Health Canada and other comparable regulatory agencies outside of the U.S. to which they are subject, including, without limitation, 21 C.F.R. Parts 50, 54, 56, 58, 312, and 812; the descriptions of the results of such studies, tests and trials contained in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus do not contain any misstatement of a material fact or omit a material fact necessary to make such statements not misleading; the Company has no knowledge of any studies, tests or trials not described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus the results of which reasonably call into question in any material respect the results of the studies, tests and trials described in the Registration Statement or Prospectus; and the Company has not received any notices or other correspondence from the FDA, EMA, Health Canada or any other foreign, state or local governmental body exercising comparable authority or any Institutional Review Board or comparable authority requiring or threatening the termination, suspension or material modification of any studies, tests or preclinical or clinical trials conducted by or on behalf of, or sponsored by, the Company or in which the Company has participated, and, to the Company’s knowledge, there are no reasonable grounds for the same. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, there has not been any violation of law or regulation by the Company in its respective product development efforts, submissions or reports to any regulatory authority that could reasonably be expected to require investigation, corrective action or enforcement action.

  • Studies The clinical, pre-clinical and other studies and tests conducted by or on behalf of or sponsored by the Company or its subsidiaries that are described or referred to in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus were and, if still pending, are being conducted in accordance in all material respects with all statutes, laws, rules and regulations, as applicable (including, without limitation, those administered by the FDA or by any foreign, federal, state or local governmental or regulatory authority performing functions similar to those performed by the FDA). The descriptions of the results of such studies and tests that are described or referred to in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus are accurate and complete in all material respects and fairly present the published data derived from such studies and tests, and each of the Company and its subsidiaries has no knowledge of other studies or tests the results of which are materially inconsistent with or otherwise call into question the results described or referred to in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. Except as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, neither the Company nor its subsidiaries has received any notices or other correspondence from the FDA or any other foreign, federal, state or local governmental or regulatory authority performing functions similar to those performed by the FDA with respect to any ongoing clinical or pre-clinical studies or tests requiring the termination or suspension of such studies or tests. For the avoidance of doubt, the Company makes no representation or warranty that the results of any studies, tests or preclinical or clinical trials conducted by or on behalf of the Company will be sufficient to obtain governmental approval from the FDA or any foreign, state or local governmental body exercising comparable authority.

  • Trials The Ship shall run the following test and trials: (1) Harbour Acceptance Tests, including setting to work of the various equipment;