Qualification, Organization, Subsidiaries, etc (a) Each of Parent and its Subsidiaries is a legal entity duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of its respective jurisdiction of organization and has all requisite corporate or similar power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and assets and to carry on its business as presently conducted and is qualified to do business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation in each jurisdiction where the ownership, leasing, character or operation of its assets or properties or conduct of its business requires such qualification, except where the failure to be so organized, validly existing, qualified or in good standing or to have such power or authority, would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Parent Material Adverse Effect. Parent has made available to the Company prior to the date of this Agreement a true and complete copy of its certificate of incorporation and bylaws (the “Parent Organizational Documents”) and has made available to the Company prior to the date of this Agreement a true and complete copy of the certificate of incorporation and bylaws or other equivalent organizational documents of each of its Subsidiaries, each as amended through the date hereof. Neither the Parent nor any Subsidiary of the Parent is in material violation of any provision of its certificate of incorporation or bylaws (or equivalent organizational documents).
(b) Section 4.1(b)(i) of the Parent Disclosure Schedule sets forth a complete list, as of the date hereof, of each Subsidiary of the Parent and its jurisdiction of organization or formation and the jurisdictions in which they are qualified to do business. Section 4.1(b)(ii) of the Parent Disclosure Schedule sets forth each of the Parent’s Subsidiaries and the ownership interest of the Parent in each such Subsidiary, as well as the ownership interest of any other person or persons in each such Subsidiary. All of the outstanding shares of capital stock or other equity interests of each Subsidiary of the Parent have been validly issued and are fully paid and nonassessable. Except as set forth in Section 4.1(b)(ii) of the Parent Disclosure Schedule, all of the outstanding shares of capital stock or other equity interests of each Subsidiary of the Parent are owned by Parent, by one or more Subsidiaries of Parent or by Parent and one or more Subsidiaries of Parent, in each case free and clear of all Liens, except for Parent Permitted Liens. Except as set forth in Section 4.1(b)(iii) of the Parent Disclosure Schedule, except for the capital stock and other equity interests of its Subsidiaries, neither Parent nor any of its Subsidiaries owns, directly or indirectly, any capital stock or other equity interest in any other person (including through participation in any joint venture or similar arrangement), other than the ownership of securities primarily for investment purposes as part of routine cash management or investments of 1% or less in publicly traded companies, and there are no Parent Joint Ventures. “Parent Joint Venture” means any corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust or other entity which is not a Subsidiary of Parent and in which (i) Parent, directly or indirectly, owns or controls any shares of any class of the outstanding voting securities or other equity interests (other than the ownership of securities primarily for investment purposes as part of routine cash management or investments of 1% or less in publicly traded companies) or (ii) Parent or a Subsidiary of Parent is a general partner.