Common use of Resources to be committed Clause in Contracts

Resources to be committed. The substantial resources requested overall for EURO4M reflect the ambitious scope of the project. Even with a budget of this magnitude, partner institutions will need to contribute significant additional resources. More importantly, EURO4M needs to use to the largest extent possible existing capacities. The expertise and experience of the beneficiaries in each WP, together with the degree of European and international co- operation, make the work feasible within the level of resources available. The total grant requested from the EU is 4 million Euros (M€), broken down as shown in Table B.2.4a. WP Name K€ 1 Regional observation datasets 1482 2 Regional reanalysis 1820 3 User-oriented information and climate change products 550 4 Project management, coordination and sustainability 232 Most of the budget is used to hire personnel; a small fraction is for computing and travel. From the total budget of almost 4 M€ roughly 80% will be spent on science to make available high quality ECV datasets in WP1 and WP2. The other 20% will be spent on integrated products (at the required level of aggregation and processing) and management. We believe this breakdown is justified, because European climate change monitoring requires a firm scientific basis. Focusing on existing datasets and systems only, would result in products and services that are far from the forefront of scientific developments. About 7% of the overall budget is dedicated to management. This small amount implies that a large part of the support needed will come from either the Coordinators home institute (e.g. for hosting the EURO4M website) and from the home institutes of the WP-leaders. Justification of resources by WP WP1: Regional observation datasets The range of activities to be undertaken in WP1 has close linkages and co-operation with ongoing European and international initiatives and infrastructures. We rely on a large number of facilities, instruments and services owned and operated at national, regional and international levels inside and outside the EU. The work in this WP is designed in a way that recognizes that the in situ infrastructure is developed and maintained by Member States and should remain their responsibility (EC, 2008). The funding is used for pan-European integration, which contributes to globally co-ordinated data collection and exchange. The range of expertise in WP1 embraces both long experience in climate monitoring and dataset development of specific ECVs and ongoing involvements on European and international scientific bodies that have developed the current best practises and protocols for such activities. This allows for maximum optimal utilisation of the resources available. The data products will be stored and disseminated using existing data infrastructures, including the KNMI Climate Explorer (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇.▇▇) and CM- SAF web user service. WP2: Regional reanalysis This WP gains cost effectiveness by building on developments already funded (“leverage”). In particular the work packages WP2.1-3 build on the NWP data assimilation system which are operational at MO, SMHI and MF. Similar use of well- tried operational systems has been a characteristic of most successful reanalysis projects. The infrastructure that needs to be exploited to the full in WP2 is partly from ECMWF. ECMWF is the leading NWP centre in the world, resulting from a 30 yr investment of its 25 European Member and Cooperating States. Its capability to undertake global reanalysis derives both from this core investment and from the external investments that have been made in past reanalysis projects by the European Union and supporting institutions outside Europe. WP2 will use boundary conditions and the observational database infrastructure and expertise on observational bias and quality from the global ERA reanalysis. In particular, the intermediate reanalyses in WP2.2 can be undertaken by the project only because they exploit the ERA-40 and the new ERA-Interim reanalysis being undertaken by ECMWF and the extensive infrastructure and experience built up as a result of ECMWF’s operational and earlier reanalysis activities. Reanalysis is the tool that is generally seen as the ultimate tool for integration of all climate change ECV data. As indicated in Section

Resources to be committed. The substantial resources requested overall for EURO4M reflect the ambitious scope of the project. Even with a budget of this magnitude, partner institutions will need to contribute significant additional resources. More importantly, EURO4M needs to use to the largest extent possible existing capacities. The expertise and experience of the beneficiaries in each WP, together with the degree of European and international co- co-operation, make the work feasible within the level of resources available. The total grant requested from the EU is 4 million Euros (M€), broken down as shown in Table B.2.4a. WP Name K€ 1 Regional observation datasets 1482 1470 2 Regional reanalysis 1820 1710 3 User-oriented information and climate change products 550 540 4 Project management, coordination and sustainability 232 280 Most of the budget is used to hire personnel; a small fraction is for computing and travel. From the total budget of almost 4 M€ roughly 80% will be spent on science to make available high quality ECV datasets in WP1 and WP2. The other 20% will be spent on integrated products (at the required level of aggregation and processing) and management. We believe this breakdown is justified, because European climate change monitoring requires a firm scientific basis. Focusing on existing datasets and systems only, would result in products and services that are far from the forefront of scientific developments. About 7% of the overall budget is dedicated to management. This small amount implies that a large part of the support needed will come from either the Coordinators home institute (e.g. for hosting the EURO4M website) and from the home institutes of the WP-leaders. Data storage and dissemination A huge amount of observational and reanalysis data will be produced in WP1 and WP2. These data will be analysed within the project and used for the multi-purpose products developed in WP3. WP3 will make an inventory of raw data needs by users outside the project as part of the CLT activities. We anticipate the need for EURO4M data after the end of the project. Therefore, the main datasets will be secured for at least 5 yr after the project ends. This is possible with the allocated resources only by virtue of exploiting existing infrastructure to the full, and capitalising on the benefits associated with an adherence to standards and interoperability. Data sharing within EURO4M will follow a service-oriented approach adopting common standards on metadata, data models, and network services as described by INSPIRE and the GEOSS Architecture and Data Committee. MO leads the special group within EUMETNET called INSPIMET, which looks after the implementation rules of INSPIRE for meteorological and climatological data and services. Following these rules will ensure global connectivity and interoperability, also providing appropriate links to the WMO Information System (WIS). The INSPIRE-compliant infrastructure will enable considerable data-sharing efficiencies to be realised between EURO4M and the various GMES services requiring access to climate-related data. WP3 will describe the infrastructure that is used for the datasets produced in EURO4M. Justification of resources by WP WP1: Regional observation datasets The range of activities to be undertaken in WP1 has close linkages and co-operation with ongoing European and international initiatives and infrastructures. We rely on a large number of facilities, instruments and services owned and operated at national, regional and international levels inside and outside the EU. The work in this WP is designed in a way that recognizes that the in situ infrastructure is developed and maintained by Member States and should remain their responsibility (EC, 2008). The funding is used for pan-European integration, which contributes to globally co-ordinated data collection and exchange. The range of expertise in WP1 embraces both long experience in climate monitoring and dataset development of specific ECVs and ongoing involvements on European and international scientific bodies that have developed the current best practises and protocols for such activities. This allows for maximum optimal utilisation of the resources available. The data products will be stored and disseminated using existing data infrastructures, including the KNMI Climate Explorer (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇.▇▇) and CM- CM-SAF web user service. WP2: Regional reanalysis This WP gains cost effectiveness by building on developments already funded (“leverage”). In particular the work packages WP2.1-3 build on the NWP data assimilation system which are operational at MO, SMHI and MF. Similar use of well- well-tried operational systems has been a characteristic of most successful reanalysis projects. The infrastructure that needs to be exploited to the full in WP2 is partly from ECMWF. ECMWF is the leading NWP centre in the world, resulting from a 30 yr investment of its 25 European Member and Cooperating States. Its capability to undertake global reanalysis derives both from this core investment and from the external investments that have been made in past reanalysis projects by the European Union and supporting institutions outside Europe. WP2 will use boundary conditions and the observational database infrastructure and expertise on observational bias and quality from the global ERA reanalysis. In particular, the intermediate reanalyses in WP2.2 can be undertaken by the project only because they exploit the ERA-40 and the new ERA-Interim reanalysis being undertaken by ECMWF and the extensive infrastructure and experience built up as a result of ECMWF’s operational and earlier reanalysis activities. Reanalysis is the tool that is generally seen as the ultimate tool for integration of all climate change ECV data. As indicated in SectionSection B.1.1, it will take some time before this ideal situation is reached, but the EURO4M investment will strongly contribute to making this happen. WP3: User-oriented information and climate change products This WP will introduce, develop and implement new CIBs that provide integrated climate change information to different user groups. The CIBs form the main outcome of EURO4M and may develop into a future operational GMES service on climate change monitoring that directly addresses the user needs. The share of the budget dedicated to this WP is therefore fully justified. It can even be considered low, but WP3 will fully profit and build upon the work in the other WPs and the extensive national and international competence amongst the EURO4M beneficiaries. The user interaction aspects in this WP will be supplemented by work already performed within the CM-SAF and the user liaison work already in place at a national level. All of the beneficiaries in WP3 have means of asking user feedback in place at a national level. These networks will form the basis for the European CLT, together with other international networks, such as the ERA-Net CIRCLE. The work in WP3.2 also includes “other activities”, such as the preparation and implementation of two training workshops. The fact that this WP receives the lowest share of the budget reflects that the CIB and CLT work is less labour intensive compared with the scientific work in WP1 and WP2. WP4: Project management, coordination and sustainability The provision of a separate WP for project management, coordination and sustainability reflects the recognition that a project of this scale and ambition must be very efficiently managed if the project is to fully deliver its extensive plans. KNMI will coordinate the EURO4M project. This will involve organising a kick-off meeting for the project and, organising EURO4M general assembly and management board meetings (see WP4 description), developing a EURO4M portal website, project brochures and logo. Also, the project coordinator will maintain regular communication with the EC, monitor the progress of the project, and submit management progress reports and scientific and technical progress reports to the EC. Substantial management effort will also go into the Plan for sustaining and maintaining the EURO4M CIBs as GMES climate change monitoring service and into organising the final EURO4M conference showing the major project results and the way ahead. The small management budget for WP-leaders is needed for travelling to the management board meetings, communication and information exchange between partners, keeping track of progress (in particular for the deliverables that are due in year 3 and 4 of the project) and settling disputes within the work packages (if applicable).to This will guarantee that the work flow and reporting from each individual WP evolves according to plan. Justification of other direct costs by beneficiary For each beneficiary, the table below specifies the other direct costs (in k€) as provided in the Grant Agreement Preparation Form A3.1: Budget. 1. KNMI RTD/Innovation 30 12 42 1. KNMI Management 33 5 38 2. MO RTD/Innovation 10 5 10 25 2. MO Management 5 5 3. URV RTD/Innovation 17 4 3 24 3. URV Management 0 4. NMA-RO RTD/Innovation 40 80 10 130 4. NMA-RO Management 2 2 3 7 5. MS RTD/Innovation 50 50 5. MS Management 0 6. DWD RTD/Innovation 19 15 6 40 6. DWD Management 0 7. SMHI RTD/Innovation 28 28 7. SMHI Management 5 5 8. UEA RTD/Innovation 16.2 9.6 25.8 8. UEA Management 0 9. MF RTD/Innovation 35 12 3 50 9. MF Management 0 B.3 Potential impact 3.1 Strategic impact EURO4M will contribute to establishing a data archive of systematic observational data related to the climate system. The climate change time series will be based on the optimal combination of regional observation datasets of Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) and model based regional reanalysis. A continuous record of ECVs will be developed, coherent with UNFCCC requirements. EURO4M will contribute to the consistency of such a dataset, as well as to a sustainable and transparent access to such data for global climate scientific and operational communities. This paves the way for a sustainable provision compliant with the requirements of climate analysis communities. The high costs and joint responsibilities of climate monitoring have always favoured international co-operation, which helps to avoid duplication and promotes sharing of information. The World Weather Watch (WWW) of the WMO is a very positive example of successful international co-operation. Unfortunately, many national climate monitoring systems still operate independently, exchanging little or no data or information. Significant temporal and spatial gaps exist and therefore European integration is necessary. By providing a complete and accurate picture of the history of our atmosphere throughout the period of quantitative human observation, the regional reanalysis activity eventually provides basic input material for a large variety of activities in the domains of science, policy and applications. In addition, many potential users see little of the data produced and are not offered data, information, products and services tailored to their needs. For instance, decision makers and policy-makers need information summaries in the form of indicators and indices, which are presently neither readily available nor based on sound scientific understanding and indisputable evidence. As illustrated in Figure B.3.1a, aggregated solar energy maps are needed, rather than the underlying raw satellite data. Without these summaries it will be difficult to move into the sustainable path, where (according to the EU Sustainable Development Strategy) environmental protection goes hand in hand with economic prosperity and social cohesion. Through the development of internationally recognised datasets, feedback and user interaction protocols, EURO4M will work to develop new high quality data products and services for the evaluation of severe climatic events that will aid both intermediate- and end-users, whether institutional, civil society organisations (e.g. the Red Cross/Red Crescent) or from the private sector (e.g. reinsurance). EURO4M will initiate and facilitate dialogues between scientists and end-users leading to a better understanding among scientists on the information needs of end-users and a better understanding of the end-users on how the available data-products can be understood. The EURO4M system has the potential to evolve into a future GMES service on climate change monitoring that is fully complimentary and supporting the existing operational services. The results and outputs of EURO4M will also provide a new way to support climate-policy-related research at the national and local scale. National decision makers and local authorities will be able to utilise the state–of–the–art EURO4M data products and services for their country or region as input to climate change assessments, and the formulation of adaptation and mitigation strategies. It is the longer multi-decadal time scale addressed in EURO4M that is needed for governments to minimize and adapt to the societal and environmental impacts of climate variability and change. European countries can directly use the results of the proposed project for their “national communications on climate change policies” which are a written requirement for the Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC and include national GCOS implementation activities. Figure B.3.1a. Map of calculated solar energy in a typical year. Source: CM-SAF lead by DWD. New research initiatives High quality, high-resolution data products from EURO4M will provide the information basis for new generations of research initiatives (e.g. initialization and evaluation of Earth System Models, climate change detection and attribution studies) and wider societal, industrial and environmental user applications (e.g. climate risk, impact assessment, study of socio-economic effects of extreme climate events, reducing loss of life and property from disasters, managing the consequences of climate change, development of integrated management strategies). EURO4M will provide a vital stimulus for the next generation of reanalyses, including those extending further back in time. Analyses of observations used in existing reanalysis products, and those that could have been used, will highlight what can be achieved if all available observations are improved and used where possible. These new research initiatives fully comply with the recommendations for future EU integrated climate research resulting from the IPCC-AR4, which have been discussed at the international symposium “Future climate, impacts and responses” organised by the European Commission, Research Directorate-General in Brussels, 19-20 November 2007.