Way Forward. The nuclear cooperation agreement requires United States to amend its own domestic laws that were formulated as a result of India’s misuse of civil nuclear technology and exploding a nuclear device in 1974. US has also taken upon it to convince members of the nuclear suppliers group (NSG) for making India-specific exceptions, to benefit India from civil nuclear technology. Such preferential treatment for a singular country aimed at building strategic partnership does provide opportunity for the US to demand a degree of reciprocity and responsibility by India. If the agreement is not aimed at enhancing India’s NWs capability then US must insist on some tangible commitments that could restrict India from making any qualitative and quantitative improvements in its nuclear arsenal. US also needs to explore options that could bring India and Pakistan under non- proliferation obligations in order to exclude any future possibility of proliferation of nuclear technology from these two NPT outliers to the NNWS and at the same time enabling both to benefit from the exchange of peaceful nuclear technology.
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Sources: Indo Us Civilian Nuclear Cooperation Agreement, Civilian Nuclear Cooperation Agreement