▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ JAPAN FUND
DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT
AGREEMENT made as of this day of , 1996 between ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Japan
Fund, an unincorporated business trust organized under the laws of the
Commonwealth of Massachusetts (the "Fund"), and ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Distributors Inc., a
Delaware corporation (the "Distributor").
W I T N E S S E T H:
WHEREAS, the Fund is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as
amended (the "1940 Act"), as a diversified open-end investment company and it is
in the interest of the Fund to offer its shares for sale continuously, and
WHEREAS, the Fund and the Distributor wish to enter into an agreement with
each other with respect to the continuous offering of the Fund's transferable
shares of beneficial interest, of $0.01 par value (the "Shares"), to commence on
the date listed above, in order to promote the growth of the Fund and facilitate
the distribution of its shares.
NOW, THEREFORE, the parties agree as follows:
SECTION 1. APPOINTMENT OF THE DISTRIBUTOR. (a) The Fund hereby appoints
the Distributor as the principal underwriter of the Fund to sell Shares to the
public on the terms set forth in this Agreement and the Fund's Prospectus and
the Distributor hereby accepts such appointment and agrees to act hereunder. The
Fund, during the term of this Agreement, shall sell Shares to the Distributor
upon the terms and conditions set forth herein.
(b) The Distributor agrees to purchase Shares, as principal for its own
account, from the Fund and to sell Shares as principal to investors, and
securities dealers, including ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Inc. ("DWR") upon the terms
described herein and in the Fund's prospectus (the "Prospectus") and statement
of additional information included in the Fund's registration statement (the
"Registration Statement") most recently filed from time to time with the
Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") and effective under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "1933 Act"), and 1940 Act or as the
Prospectus may be otherwise amended or supplemented and filed with the SEC
pursuant to Rule 497 under the 1933 Act.
SECTION 2. EXCLUSIVE NATURE OF DUTIES. The Distributor shall be the
exclusive principal underwriter and distributor of the Fund, except that the
exclusive rights granted to the Distributor to sell the Shares shall not apply
to Shares issued by the Fund: (i) in connection with the merger or consolidation
of any other investment company or personal holding company with the Fund or the
acquisition by purchase or otherwise of all (or substantially all) the assets or
the outstanding shares of any such company by the Fund; or (ii) pursuant to
reinvestment of dividends or capital gains distributions; or (iii) pursuant to
the reinstatement privilege afforded redeeming shareholders.
SECTION 3. PURCHASE OF SHARES FROM THE FUND. (a) The Distributor shall
have the right to buy from the Fund the Shares needed, but not more than the
Shares needed (except for clerical errors in transmission), to fill
unconditional orders for Shares placed with the Distributor by investors and
securities dealers. The price which the Distributor shall pay for the Shares so
purchased from the Fund shall be the net asset value, determined as set forth in
the Prospectus.
(b) The shares are to be resold by the Distributor at the net asset value
per share, as set forth in the Prospectus to investors, or to securities dealers
of its choice, including DWR, who have entered into selected dealer agreements
with the Distributor pursuant to Section 7 ("Selected Dealers").
(c) The Fund shall have the right to suspend the sale of the Shares at times
when redemption is suspended pursuant to the conditions set forth in Section
4(d) hereof. The Fund shall also have the right to
suspend the sale of the Shares if trading on the New York Stock Exchange shall
have been suspended, if a banking moratorium shall have been declared by federal
or New York authorities, or if there shall have been some other extraordinary
event which, in the judgment of the Fund, makes it impracticable to sell the
Shares.
(d) The Fund, or any agent of the Fund designated in writing by the Fund,
shall be promptly advised of all purchase orders for Shares received by the
Distributor. Any order may be rejected by the Fund; provided, however, that the
Fund will not arbitrarily or without reasonable cause refuse to accept orders
for the purchase of Shares. The Distributor will confirm orders upon their
receipt, and the Fund (or its agent) upon receipt of payment therefor and
instructions will deliver share certificates for such Shares or a statement
confirming the issuance of Shares. Payment shall be made to the Fund in New York
Clearing House funds. The Distributor agrees to cause such payment and such
instructions to be delivered promptly to the Fund (or its agent).
With respect to Shares sold by any Selected Dealer, the Distributor is
authorized to direct the Fund's transfer agent to receive instructions directly
from the Selected Dealer on behalf of the Distributor as to registration of
Shares in the names of investors and to confirm issuance of the Shares to such
investors. The Distributor is also authorized to instruct the transfer agent to
receive payment directly from the Selected Dealer on behalf of the Distributor,
for prompt transmittal to the Fund's custodian, of the purchase price of the
Shares. In such event the Distributor shall obtain from the Selected Dealer and
maintain a record of such registration instructions and payments.
SECTION 4. REPURCHASE OR REDEMPTION OF SHARES. (a) Any of the outstanding
Shares may be tendered for redemption at any time, and the Fund agrees to redeem
the Shares so tendered in accordance with the applicable provisions set forth in
the Prospectus. The price to be paid to redeem the Shares shall be equal to the
net asset value determined as set forth in the Prospectus less any applicable
contingent deferred sales charge. All payments by the Fund hereunder shall be
made in the manner set forth below.
The proceeds of any redemption of shares shall be paid by the Fund as
follows: (i) any applicable contingent deferred sales charge shall be paid to
the Distributor or to the Selected Dealer, or, when applicable, pursuant to the
Rules of Fair Practice of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc.
("NASD"), retained by the Fund and (ii) the balance shall be paid to the
redeeming shareholders, in each case in accordance with applicable provisions of
the Prospectus in New York Clearing House funds. The Distributor is authorized
to direct the Fund to pay directly to the Selected Dealer any contingent
deferred sales charges payable by the Fund to the Distributor in respect of
Shares sold by the Selected Dealer to the redeeming shareholders.
(b) The Distributor is authorized, as agent for the Fund, to repurchase
Shares, represented by a share certificate which is delivered to any office of
the Distributor in accordance with applicable provisions set forth in the
Prospectus. The Distributor shall promptly transmit to the transfer agent of the
Fund for redemption all Shares so delivered. The Distributor shall be
responsible for the accuracy of instructions
transmitted to the Fund's transfer agent in connection with all such
repurchases.
(c) The Distributor is authorized, as agent for the Fund, to repurchase
Shares held in a shareholder's account with the Fund for which no share
certificate has been issued, upon the telephonic or telegraphic request of the
shareholder, or at the discretion of the Distributor. The Distributor shall
promptly transmit to the transfer agent of the Fund, for redemption, all such
orders for repurchase of shares. Payment for shares repurchased may be made by
the Fund to the Distributor for the account of the shareholder. The Distributor
shall be responsible for the accuracy of instructions transmitted to the Fund's
transfer agent in connection with all such repurchases.
(d) Redemption of Shares or payment by the Fund may be suspended at times
when the New York Stock Exchange is closed, when trading on said Exchange is
restricted, when an emergency exists as a result of which disposal by the Fund
of securities owned by it is not reasonably practicable or it is not reasonably
practicable for the Fund fairly to determine the value of its net assets, or
during any other period when the Securities and Exchange Commission, by order,
so permits.
With respect to Shares tendered for redemption or repurchase by any Selected
Dealer on behalf of its customers, the Distributor is authorized to instruct the
transfer agent of the Fund to accept orders for redemption or repurchase
directly from the Selected Dealer on behalf of the Distributor and to instruct
the
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Fund to transmit payments for such redemptions and repurchases directly to the
Selected Dealer on behalf of the Distributor for the account of the shareholder.
The Distributor shall obtain from the Selected Dealer and maintain a record of
such orders. The Distributor is further authorized to obtain from the Fund; and
shall maintain, a record of payments made directly to the Selected Dealer on
behalf of the Distributor.
SECTION 5. DUTIES OF THE FUND. (a) The Fund shall furnish to the
Distributor copies of all information, financial statements and other papers
which the Distributor may reasonably request for use in connection with the
distribution of the Shares, including one certified copy, upon request by the
Distributor, of all financial statements prepared by the Fund and examined by
independent accountants. The Fund shall, at the expense of the Distributor, make
available to the Distributor such number of copies of the Prospectus as the
Distributor shall reasonably request.
(b) The Fund shall take, from time to time, but subject to the necessary
approval of its shareholders, all necessary action to fix the number of its
authorized Shares and to register Shares under the 1933 Act, to the end that
there will be available for sale such number of Shares as investors may
reasonably be expected to purchase.
(c) The Fund shall use its best efforts to qualify and maintain the
qualification of an appropriate number of the Shares for sale under the
securities laws of such states as the Distributor and the Fund may approve. Any
such qualification may be withheld, terminated or withdrawn by the Fund at any
time in its discretion. As provided in Section 8(c) hereof, the expense of
qualification and maintenance of qualification shall be borne by the Fund. The
Distributor shall furnish such information and other material relating to its
affairs and activities as may be required by the Fund in connection with such
qualification.
(d) The Fund shall, at the expense of the Distributor, furnish, in
reasonable quantities upon request by the Distributor, copies of annual and
interim reports of the Fund.
SECTION 6. DUTIES OF THE DISTRIBUTOR. (a) The Distributor shall sell
shares of the Fund through DWR and may sell shares through other securities
dealers, and shall devote reasonable time and effort to promote sales of the
Shares, but shall not be obligated to sell any specific number of Shares. The
services of the Distributor hereunder are not exclusive and it is understood
that the Distributor may act as principal underwriter for other registered
investment companies. It is also understood that Selected Dealers, including
DWR, may also sell shares for other registered investment companies.
(b) Neither the Distributor nor any Selected Dealer shall give any
information or make any representations, other than those contained in the
Registration Statement or related Prospectus and any sales literature
specifically approved by the Fund.
(c) The Distributor agrees that it will comply with the terms and
limitations of the Rules of Fair Practice of the NASD.
SECTION 7. SELECTED DEALERS AGREEMENTS. (a) The Distributor shall have the
right to enter into selected dealers agreements with Selected Dealers for the
sale of Shares. In making agreements with Selected Dealers, the Distributor
shall act only as principal and not as agent for the Fund. Shares sold to
Selected Dealers shall be for resale by such dealers only at the public offering
price set forth in the Prospectus.
(b) Within the United States, the Distributor shall offer and sell Shares
only to such Selected Dealers as are members in good standing of the NASD.
(c) The Distributor shall adopt and follow procedures, as approved by the
Fund, for the confirmation of sales of Shares to investors and Selected Dealers,
the collection of amounts payable by investors and Selected Dealers on such
sales, and the cancellation of unsettled transactions, as may be necessary to
comply with the requirements of the NASD, as such requirements may from time to
time exist.
SECTION 8. PAYMENT OF EXPENSES. (a) The Distributor shall bear all
expenses incurred by it in connection with its duties and activities under this
Agreement including the payment to Selected Dealers of any sales commissions,
service fees and other expenses for sales of the Fund's shares (except such
expenses as are specifically undertaken herein by the Fund) incurred or paid by
Selected Dealers, including DWR. It is
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understood and agreed that, so long as the Fund's Plan of Distribution pursuant
to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act continues in effect, any expenses incurred by
the Distributor hereunder may be paid from amounts the Distributor and any
Selected Dealer are entitled to receive from the Fund under such Plan. It is
further understood and agreed that expenses for which the Distributor and any
Selected Dealer may be paid under said Plan include opportunity costs, which may
be calculated as a carrying charge on the excess of distribution expenses,
incurred by the Distributor and/or the Selected Dealer over distribution
revenues received by each of them, respectively, under this Agreement.
(b) The Fund shall bear all costs and expenses of the Fund, including fees
and disbursements of legal counsel including counsel to the Trustees of the Fund
who are not interested persons (as defined in the ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇) of the Fund or the
Distributor, and independent accountants, in connection with the preparation and
filing of any required Registration Statements and Prospectuses and all
amendments and supplements thereto, and the expense of preparing, printing,
mailing and otherwise distributing prospectuses and statements of additional
information, annual or interim reports or proxy materials to shareholders.
(c) The Fund shall bear the cost and expenses of qualification of the Shares
for sale, and, if necessary or advisable in connection therewith, of qualifying
the Fund as a broker or dealer, in such states of the United States or other
jurisdictions as shall be selected by the Fund and the Distributor pursuant to
Section 5(c) hereof and the cost and expenses payable to each such state for
continuing qualification therein until the Fund decides to discontinue such
qualification pursuant to Section 5(c) hereof.
SECTION 9. INDEMNIFICATION. (a) The Fund shall indemnify and hold harmless
the Distributor and each person, if any, who controls the Distributor against
any loss, liability, claim, damage or expense (including the reasonable cost of
investigating or defending any alleged loss, liability, claim, damage or expense
and reasonable counsel fees incurred in connection therewith) arising by reason
of any person acquiring any Shares, which may be based upon the 1933 Act, or on
any other statute or at common law, on the ground that the Registration
Statement or related Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information, as from
time to time amended and supplemented, or the annual or interim reports to
shareholders of the Fund, includes an untrue statement of a material fact or
omits to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in
order to make the statements therein not misleading, unless such statement or
omission was made in reliance upon, and in conformity with, information
furnished to the Fund in connection therewith by or on behalf of the
Distributor; provided, however, that in no case (i) is the indemnity of the Fund
in favor of the Distributor and any such controlling persons to be deemed to
protect the Distributor or any such controlling persons thereof against any
liability to the Fund or its security holders to which the Distributor or any
such controlling persons would otherwise be subject by reason of willful
misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or
by reason of reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under this
Agreement; or (ii) is the Fund to be liable under its indemnity agreement
contained in this paragraph with respect to any claim made against the
Distributor or any such controlling persons, unless the Distributor or any such
controlling persons, as the case may be, shall have notified the Fund in writing
within a reasonable time after the summons or other first legal process giving
information of the nature of the claim shall have been served upon the
Distributor or such controlling persons (or after the Distributor or such
controlling persons shall have received notice of such service on any designated
agent), but failure to notify the Fund of any such claim shall not relieve it
from any liability which it may have to the person against whom such action is
brought otherwise than on account of its indemnity agreement contained in this
paragraph. The Fund will be entitled to participate at its own expense in the
defense, or, if it so elects, to assume the defense, of any suit brought to
enforce any such liability, but if the Fund elects to assume the defense, such
defense shall be conducted by counsel chosen by it and satisfactory to the
Distributor or such controlling person or persons, defendant or defendants in
the suit. In the event the Fund elects to assume the defense of any such suit
and retain such counsel, the Distributor or such controlling person or persons,
defendant or defendants in the suit, shall bear the fees and expenses of any
additional counsel retained by them, but, in case the Fund does not elect to
assume the defense of any such suit, it will reimburse the Distributor or such
controlling person or persons, defendant or defendants in the suit, for the
reasonable fees and expenses of any counsel retained by them. The Fund shall
promptly notify the Distributor of the commencement of any litigation or
proceedings against it or any of its officers or trustees in connection with the
issuance or sale of the Shares.
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(b) (i) The Distributor shall indemnify and hold harmless the Fund and each
of its Trustees and officers and each person, if any, who controls the Fund
against any loss, liability, claim, damage, or expense described in the
indemnity contained in subsection (a) of this Section, but only with respect to
statements or omissions made in reliance upon, and in conformity with,
information furnished to the Fund in writing by or on behalf of the Distributor
for use in connection with the Registration Statement or related Prospectus and
Statement of Additional Information, as from time to time amended, or the annual
or interim reports to shareholders.
(ii) The Distributor shall indemnify and hold harmless the Fund and the
Fund's transfer agent, individually and in its capacity as the Fund's
transfer agent, from and against any claims, damages and liabilities which
arise as a result of actions taken pursuant to instructions from, or on
behalf of, the Distributor to: (1) redeem all or a part of shareholder
accounts in the Fund pursuant to subsection 4(c) hereof and pay the proceeds
to, or as directed by, the Distributor for the account of each shareholder
whose Shares are so redeemed; and (2) register Shares in the names of
investors, confirm the issuance thereof and receive payment therefor
pursuant to subsection 3(d).
(iii) In case any action shall be brought against the Fund or any person
so indemnified by this subsection 9(b) in respect of which indemnity may be
sought against the Distributor, the Distributor shall have the rights and
duties given to the Fund, and the Fund and each person so indemnified shall
have the rights and duties given to the Distributor by the provisions of
subsection (a) of this Section 9.
(c) If the indemnification provided for in this Section 9 is unavailable or
insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party under subsection (a) or (b)
above in respect of any losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses (or
actions in respect thereof) referred to herein, then each indemnifying party
shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such indemnified party as a
result of such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses (or actions in
respect thereof) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative
benefits received by the Fund on the one hand and the Distributor on the other
from the offering of the Shares. If, however, the allocation provided by the
immediately preceding sentence is not permitted by applicable law, then each
indemnifying party shall contribute to such amount paid or payable by such
indemnified party in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only such
relative benefits but also the relative fault of the Fund on the one hand and
the Distributor on the other in connection with the statements or omissions
which resulted in such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses (or
actions in respect thereof), as well as any other relevant equitable
considerations. The relative benefits received by the Fund on the one hand and
the Distributor on the other shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as the
total net proceeds from the offering (before deducting expenses) received by the
Fund bear to the total compensation received by the Distributor, in each case as
set forth in the Prospectus. The relative fault shall be determined by reference
to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a
material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact
relates to information supplied by the Fund or the Distributor and the parties'
relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or
prevent such statement or omission. The Fund and the Distributor agree that it
would not be just and equitable if contribution were determined by pro rata
allocation or by any other method of allocation which does not take into account
the equitable considerations referred to above. The amount paid or payable by an
indemnified party as a result of the losses, claims, damages, liabilities or
expenses (or actions in respect thereof) referred to above shall be deemed to
include any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified
party in connection with investigating or defending any such claim.
Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection (c), the Distributor shall not
be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the total
price at which the Shares distributed by it to the public were offered to the
public exceeds the amount of any damages which it has otherwise been required to
pay by reason of such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged
omission. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning
of Section 11(f) of the ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇) shall be entitled to contribution from any
person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation.
SECTION 10. DURATION AND TERMINATION OF THIS AGREEMENT. This Agreement
shall become effective as of the date first above written and shall remain in
force until April 30, 1997, and thereafter, but only so long as such continuance
is specifically approved at least annually by (i) the Board of Trustees of the
Fund, or by the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the
Fund, cast in person or by proxy, and (ii) a
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majority of those Trustees who are not parties to this Agreement or interested
persons of any such party and who have no direct or indirect financial interest
in this Agreement or in the operation of the Fund's Rule 12b-1 Plan or in any
agreement related thereto, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of
voting upon such approval.
This Agreement may be terminated at any time without the payment of any
penalty, by the Trustees of the Fund, by a majority of the Trustees of the Fund
who are not interested persons of the Fund and who have no direct or indirect
financial interest in this Agreement, or by vote of a majority of the
outstanding voting securities of the Fund, or by the Distributor, on sixty days'
written notice to the other party. This Agreement shall automatically terminate
in the event of its assignment.
The terms "vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities,"
"assignment" and "interested person", when used in this Agreement, shall have
the respective meanings specified in the 1940 Act.
SECTION 11. AMENDMENTS OF THIS AGREEMENT. This Agreement may be amended by
the parties only if such amendment is specifically approved by (i) the Trustees
of the Fund, or by the vote of a majority of outstanding voting securities of
the Fund, and (ii) a majority of those Trustees of the Fund who are not parties
to this Agreement or interested persons of any such party and who have no direct
or indirect financial interest in this Agreement or in any Agreement related to
the Fund's Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, cast
in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.
SECTION 12. GOVERNING LAW. This Agreement shall be construed in accordance
with the law of the State of New York and the applicable provisions of the 1940
Act. To the extent the applicable law of the State of New York, or any of the
provisions herein, conflict with the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act, the
latter shall control.
SECTION 13. PERSONAL LIABILITY. The Declaration of the Trust establishing
▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Japan Fund, dated January 22, 1996, a copy of which, together with
all amendments thereto (the "Declaration"), is on file in the office of the
Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, provides that the name ▇▇▇▇
▇▇▇▇▇▇ Japan Fund refers to the Trustees under the Declaration collectively as
Trustees, but not as individuals or personally; and no Trustee, shareholder,
officer, employee or agent of ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Japan Fund shall be held to any
personal liability, nor shall resort be had to their private property for the
satisfaction of any obligation or claim or otherwise, in connection with the
affairs of ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Japan Fund, but the Trust Estate only shall be liable.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed and delivered this
Agreement as of the day and year first written in New York, New York.
▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ JAPAN FUND
By: ..................................
▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ DISTRIBUTORS INC.
By: ..................................
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