Common use of Comparison Clause in Contracts

Comparison. If we compare the statistics of the population and the Party elite of Kayseri and Balıkesir a number of differences and similarities emerge. First of all, although the city of Kayseri had almost twice the population of Balıkesir, the province of Balıkesir had twice the population of the province of Kayseri. Secondly, the workforce of the city of Balıkesir was quite different from that in Kayseri. The percentage of civil servants was 20% in Balıkesir and only 10% in Kayseri, indicating a far stronger state presence (state departments, educational and administrative institutions, civil servants and professions) in Balıkesir.263 This presence is also evident if we compare the percentage of students in the population of the two cities; 10% in Balıkesir, a mere 6% in Kayseri. The comparison of the number of schoolteachers between the two towns and their surrounding provinces yields the same results: for 229 (107 women) teachers in the town of Balıkesir in 1932, just 88 (18 women) teachers in Kayseri. Similarly 260 (35 women) teachers were employeed in the rest of the province of Balıkesir, and just 141 (6 women) in Kayseri.264 The percentages of farmers and merchants are almost identical for both cities, while the numbers of industrial workers and artisans are quite dissimilar indicating the presence of a growing industrial workforce in the factories of Kayseri, something missing in the city of Balıkesir (18,4% in Balıkesir, 29,4% in Kayseri). Interestingly the comparison of the Party elite (Party Administrative Committees) of the province of Kayseri and Balıkesir does not yield any analogous differentiation. On the contrary, there is not any great dissimilarity between the Party bosses of the two provinces; there is a slight larger number of civil servants and merchants in the Administrative Committees of the city of Balıkesir, but what differentiates the two cities, i.e. the industrial working force, is completely absent from the Party statistics. In other words, the local Party leaders in both cities (and in the rest of the towns of the two provinces) were by and large stemming from the commercial and artisanal segments of the local society. A number of professions (doctors, lawyers) and various state employees were also Party executive members, mostly in the two cities rather than in the smaller towns, a quite reasonable phenomenon given that the occupational environment of these occupational groups, related as it is with the presence of state services (hospitals, schools, courts of law, financial and administrative institutions), is to be found in the larger financial and administrative centers, in our case mostly in the provincial centers of Kayseri and Balıkesir. Regardless of their presence in the two towns, workers and 263 644 teachers and civil servants plus 586 lower civil servants (▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇) in the Balıkesir province to just 237 teachers and civil servants plus 90 lower civil servants in Kayseri. Başvekalet İstatistik Umum müdürlüğü, Vilayet Hususi İdareleri 1929 – 1936. Faaliyeti istatistiǧi. Varidat, masrifat, memurlar (Ankara: ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ matbaası, 1938), p. 92, 95. 264 Başvekalet istatistik umum müdürlüğü, Maarif istatistikleri 1923 – 1932 (İstanbul: Devlet matbaası, 1933), pp. 76-7, 82, 93. farmers were not a part of the Party leadership, although farmers were forming the bulk of the Party membership and leadership in the lower (nahiye and ocak levels) Party structures mostly in villages that were relatively insignificant in terms of decision-making.