Research Instruments Clause Samples

Research Instruments. Recruitment

Research Instruments. Survey and Interviews Survey: To obtain information through the interrogation, I did a questionnaire to be answered for the students of Ninth Grade of Basic Education at ―El Triunfo‖ High School.

Research Instruments. The health related quality of life was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life- Bref scale (WHOQoL-BREF). The WHOQoL-BREF is an internationally standardized, methodologically strong questionnaire. It consists of four subdomains, viz. physical, psychological, social and environmental QoL (Group, 1998). The Deaf Acculturation Scale (DAS) is a 58-item bimodal, bicultural instrument. It consists of two overall acculturation scales: a deaf acculturation scale (DASd) and a hearing acculturation scale (DASh) (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇▇ & Zea, 2011). The DAS is a validated scale that provides information about the cultural status of DHH persons. Having a different cultural identity from the majority in society may negatively affect communication (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2006; ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇, 2009). The DAS may be used to evaluate such effects among DHH people.

Research Instruments. The following description of study measures is organized by variable-type. The main independent variable was iApp acceptance, encompassing effort expectancy, performance expectancy, social influence, and behavioral intention. Moderating variables were eHealth literacy and previous smartphone exposure. The main dependent variable was real-time iApp usage. Permissions have been obtained from ▇▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ and from ▇▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇ to use their respective surveys, UTAUT2 and eHEALS (Appendixes A-B). Permission by ▇▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ to modify the UTAUT2 scale was also obtained (Appendix C). The ▇▇▇▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ grade level for the combined revised subscales is 4.6. Items were scored using a 7-point Likert scale, from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). With all subscales combined, survey totals can range between 14 and 112. Higher scores indicate greater acceptance and intent to adopt the target technology. Scores range from 4 to 28, with higher totals indicating better perceptions of technology- related benefits. Venkatesh et al. (2012) reported good internal consistency reliability (ICR) for this subscale, with a Cronbach’s α = 0.88. “My interaction with mobile Internet is clear and understandable,” to, “Smartphone apps are clear and user-friendly to use.” The rationale behind this revision is that all survey respondents may not easily understand the wording of the first statement. Per the ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Reading Ease test, the original statement was worded at twelfth-grade reading level. The revised version was worded at a fifth-grade level. Scores range from 4 to 28, with higher totals indicating greater beliefs that the technology is easy and accessible. This subscale demonstrated an excellent ICR, with a Cronbach’s α = 0.91 (Venkatesh et al., 2012).

Research Instruments. 3.2.1 Interview guide Interviews were used so as to probe respondents further. Structured questions were formulated according to the research questions. Denzia. K, (2000:633) states that the interview is a conversation, the art of asking questions and listening. ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇. (2000; 633) further states that the interview produces situated understandings grounded in specific interactional episodes. The interaction with respondents created trust and was an opening for getting more information. 3.2.2 Observations Discussions were done at Sogndal Asylum camp (Lopex Mottak) with Somali refugees who visited the office as well as within Sogndal. Observations were made at Sogndal Sentrum for a week to asses if there were any Somali refugees working in there. ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇. (2000:634) writes that observational research is a method that focuses on differences, on the lives of particular people in concrete but constantly changing human relationships. Observations created a clear picture on what was currently on the ground.

Research Instruments. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews guides were developed to address questions relating to the following themes: child needs, pre- natal care, ante-natal care, post-natal care, child development, services and responsibilities of anganwadi centers and workers, and livelihood options available. The questions for the tools were informed by a thorough literature review and assistance from staff at CARE India and USA, and validated by experts. The questions developed were open-ended, to illicit more information on the community’s perceptions surrounding the specified topics. In addition, the questions were developed in English, then translated into Hindi. Once translated, the Hindi versions of the tools needed considerable refinement. The tools had to be brought to the level at which the Hindi could be understood by the field investigators and further implemented in the field. CARE field staff and a consultant hired by CARE India did refinement of the tools. Separate focus group discussion guides were developed for each of the targeted groups with the exception of fathers and father-in-laws, for whom the same guide was used.

Research Instruments. A. The APPLICANT agrees to submit to the PVUSD REPRESENTATIVE for review and approval, at least two weeks prior to administration, all surveys, interviews, assessments, or focus group activities that impact PVUSD staff or students.

Research Instruments. The research team created study flyers that included a link to the confidential electronic and were approved by Emory IRB. The flyer and link to the quantitative screener were distributed through Georgia maternal health professional organizations, healthcare networks, academic institutions with nursing and medical programs as well as maternal and infant health programs and coalitions. Due to a poor response rate from distributing the advertisement flyer and screener advertisement, a Facebook and Instagram ad paid for by the Emory Global Health Institute was used to disseminate the survey more directly to the specific population. The survey was kept open for two months before being closed due to a high response rate. These screeners were then self-administered using a link to ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇, a secure, internally hosted, browser-based research data management system that held this confidential information. The confidential screener began with a question to gain consent to participate in the study and then had 22 demographic, pregnancy, and telehealth use related questions that took about 5-10 minutes for the survey respondent to complete. Using REDCap and Excel, respondents to the screener survey who met the eligibility criteria were chosen by the research team and then contacted through phone for a follow- up in-depth interview. The interviewers went through a training on data collection for in- depth interviews with participants semi-structured completed over Zoom. Zoom was the chosen platform to record the interviews as well as mitigate any COVID-19 risks to participants or interviewers by partaking in the study. First, the interviewer received verbal consent using the consent forms already approved by IRB, that were then stored in the project EmoryBox folder, which holds sensitive data securely. The patients were interviewed for a duration of 30 minutes to 1.5 hours. The interviews were conducted over a six-month interval by the research team with the majority conducted in August and September 2020 (82% within these two months), two interviews conducted in October, and one interview conducted in January 2021. After each interview, a memo was created on the interview by the interviewer, the audio- recording was uploaded, and interview notes were uploaded to the password protected project EmoryBox Folder.

Research Instruments. The survey instrument was developed by the principal investigator and was administered through Qualtrics. The survey was designed to reflect gaps in current literature on mental health wellness issues in South Asian populations. From the literature gaps were identified, these gaps were developed into a conceptual framework, and from there developed into questions by determining objectives and indicators. The survey consisted of total 55 questions (Appendix D). Forty questions collected information on the participant’s demographic characteristics, their general health status and mental health wellness status, factors surrounding their mental health wellness, their perception of mental health wellness, and their access to mental health wellness resources. For Q2.3