Concept and approach Clause Samples

Concept and approach. In Na-CerAnode, a new anode concept enabling high performance SMB is to be developed. To achieve the goals of Na-CerAnode, the following interdisciplinary approach is being made: • Tape-casting of sodium-conducting rare earth silicate-type glass ceramics and NaSICONusing sacrificial pore-forming agents to form a defined open porosity, pore morphology and size distribution after sintering. TRL 2 🡪 TRL 4 (IKTS) • Advanced sintering using the FLASH method. TRL 1 🡪 TRL 3 (LaMaV) • Surface coating of highly porous materials by means of ALD technology. TRL 2 🡪 TRL 4 (CEMEA) • Assembly of laboratory zero-excess SMB cells with porous host anode. TRL 1 🡪 TRL 3 (TUD) The development of physical host anodes will be based on established room temperature Na-ion conductor materials sodium-rare earth silicate-type glass ceramics and NaSICON (general designated as solid electrolytes) with ionic conductivities > 0.5 mS cm-1@RT (material level). The porous host scaffold will be prepared by the ceramic shaping technology called tape casting which allows flexible and scalable manufacturing of planar substrates. The sinterable glass-ceramic solid electrolytes developed by IKTS are at a TRL level of 2, whereas NaSICON is already being offered by specialized companies (e.g. Nexceris, US) as powders with an experimental character at a TRL level of 5-6. The critical design parameters to achieve high areal loadings while preserving high volumetric energy density are porosity and thickness (Fig. 1, bottom right). The thickness can be adjusted directly by tape-casting parameters or lamination of different tapes. To adjust porosity, pore morphology and size distribution, tailored pore-forming agents are added during the production of a tape casting slurry. Liquid-based pore formers will allow to preserve porosity during drying of the tapes. Besides, polymeric pore formers will be tested. During tempering or direct sintering, the polymers will be decomposed, leaving behind a conductive carbon film that benefits homogeneous growth of Na inside the pores. Dense and porous films will be further processed using FLASH sintering. Flash sintering is an ultrafast sintering method capable of densifying ceramic materials in a matter of seconds at considerably lower furnace temperatures when compared to conventional methods.8 This process involves applying an electric field directly to the ceramic sample while heating it. At a critical combination of electric field and temperature, a so-called th...

Concept and approach. BlueBio will run for a five-year period with an expected start date of late 2018, subject to signing the contract with the EC. The consortium consists of 27 partners from 16 countries. New partners, within and outside the EU, are encouraged to join throughout the life of the BlueBio Cofund but will not be eligible for co-funding from the EU.

Concept and approach. AquaNES pursues the concept of integrating nature-based elements into solutions for water management challenges. ‘These solutions are inspired and supported by nature, while maintaining and enhancing natural capital. They are sustainable measures that simultaneously meet environmental and socio-economic objectives (EC, 2014). We will focus on soil aquifer treatment coupled to managed aquifer recharge (MAR/SAT), constructed wetlands (CW) and bank filtration (BF) and their combinations with engineered pre- or post-treatments as illustrated in Figure 1. (1) variety of water types to be treated, (2) matrix of pre-treatment options, (3)-(6) ecosystem services (3) of the unsaturated soil zone, (4) of the aquifer, with a combined physical, geochemical and microbiologi- cal cleaning potential, (5) of constructed wetlands, (6) of the river bank and associated alluvial aquifer, (7) matrix of post-treatment options, (8) uses and related water quality targets

Concept and approach. PROSAFE, the overall concept

Concept and approach