Main Findings Clause Samples
Main Findings. This study used an experimental paradigm to explore emotional facial expression and experience in people diagnosed with anorexia and bulimia nervosa. The results support the hypothesis that people with AN show alterations in the expression and experience of emotion which are more severe than shown in people with BN. The findings are consistent with previous research using self report measures which show that people with AN do not express their feelings (e.g. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al., 2010). They are also consistent with studies using different methodologies which found differences in how positive and negative affect is experienced in AN with a general attenuation of positive affect but similar levels of negative affect to control participants (▇▇▇▇ et al., 2009; ▇▇▇▇ et al., 2007). There were no significant differences in response to the neutral film clip, suggesting the emotion eliciting stimuli evoked a differentiated response. An additional finding, which was not included in the initial hypotheses, was that the AN participants looked away significantly more during the negative film clip. One could speculate that looking away was the result of lack of attention or boredom. However, if this was the case one would expect the highest levels of looking away to be in response to the neutral film clip rather than the emotion eliciting clips. Interestingly, the HC looked away mostly in response to the neutral film clip, although this was not a significant effect. Given that the AN participants looked away significantly more in response to the negative film clip could be construed as an attempt to avoid any negative feelings the stimulus was evoking. This interpretation was supported by previous studies which suggest that avoidance in AN is used as a means of reducing affective states (Corstorphine et al., 2007). Alternatively, looking away could be used as a way of hiding negative expression. As the self report literature demonstrates (▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al., 2000) showing negative expression is unacceptable to people with AN due to feared negative consequences. In this study participants were on their own whilst watching the film clips, but were aware of their expressions being filmed. Moreover, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ (1994) has suggested that even emotional expression that takes place in solitude involves implicit or imagined audiences whereby solitary expression is a means of controlling images projected during imagined social interactions. Results for the BN group showed that they were ge...
Main Findings. The development of the global community has caused development in security of loan application in banking internationally, one of them is security by using Patent. In Article 108 paragraph (1) of Patent Law, it is stated that right on Patent can be used as fiduciary security. The existing regulation indicates that the State supports economic development through granting of loan to Patent holders in order to develop their invention. A Patent Holder shall have an exclusive right to use the Intellectual Property Right by his/herself by using it as security. Implications/Applications: The findings of this study are helpful for the individuals in understanding the aspect of patents and exclusive rights held by the owner in order to secure Intellectual Property.
Main Findings. Our study represents the first report on inter- and intra-observer reproducibility of the EFI and demonstrates high intra- and inter-agreement rate with narrow 95%CIs. More specifically, we confirmed our hypothesis that clinical agreement for the ‘inter-expert’ comparison (primary outcome) was higher than 95%. These results concur with the hypothetical assumption based on the sensitivity analysis on the EFI by ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ and Pasta9. In addition, very high agreements were also reported for numerical ‘inter-expert’ agreement, clinical and numerical ‘junior-expert’ and ‘intra-expert’ comparison (secondary outcomes), although not near-to-perfect as for clinical “inter-expert” agreement. In other words, the high reproducibility supports the use of the EFI in daily clinical practice as a very relevant clinical tool for management and counselling of postoperative endometriosis patients on their reproductive outcome. Our study was designed to avoid bias in several ways. First of all, the assessment of the EFI was done based on a combination of patient history information, standardized operative reports and complete photographic series of the operative site, in order to prevent any misclassification of rASRM staging and associated adnexal adhesions as much as possible.5, 21 Second, to blind raters to the personal details of patients, a coded CRF was used for rating instead of the patient file itself. Third, to avoid recall bias, a standardized and anonymized CRF was used. Additionally, ‘en-bloc’ rating sessions, with random order of patient files, were organised for each rater. Fourth, since C.T. had the most experience in calculating the EFI in clinical practice, her first rating was therefore chosen as standard to assess agreement with the second expert (‘inter-expert’), the junior surgeon (‘junior-expert’) and within one rater (‘intra-expert’). Out of the 117 eligible patients, 35 were excluded because they did not have sufficiently detailed photographic documentation. This was not considered as a flaw, but merely a consequence of the fact that the study was conducted in a real life turbulent clinical setting (different surgeons, different operation theatres, technical difficulties etc.). Patients files were only included if photographic documentation (both pre- and postoperative) met the criteria as defined per WERF-EpHect procedures.15 Despite this strict selection, our study population was still representative for the population in our clinic (see result section...
Main Findings. The top six challenges identified (not placed in order of importance):
1. Quantify the benefits that algae aquaculture provides by applying the Ecosystem Services approach for more effective communication. Understanding by governance and regulation authorities of the benefits from the industry.
2. Technology developments represent a challenge, as technologies are not yet developed at an industrial scale, and more research in technological development is necessary for scaling up production.
3. Bureaucracy is complex to navigate, it encompasses too many actors and it slows down advances in the industry that leads to unproductive processes.
4. Communication with governmental authorities and regulation institutions represents a challenge and is necessary to develop strategies for the authorities to better understand the difficulties that the producers face and what constrains their development.
5. Communication with the general public through the media about the sector benefits and importance in a transparent way. Provide evidence-based information about the different types and different qualities of the products in the market and call the attention of the authorities.
Main Findings. In chapter 1, an overview of the obesity-asthma association is presented. We empha- sized the presence of two obesity-asthma phenotypes: the “early onset, Th2 high” (classic asthma in the obese patient) and the “late onset, Th2 low” (obese subject who develop asthma in adulthood) asthma phenotype (12). These phenotypes might need a different approach for treatment as the first phenotype should be treated with corticosteroids and may benefit from weight loss, but the second phenotype is often resistant to treat- ment with corticosteroids and might rather benefit from weight loss. We described that both obesity and asthma are associated with reduced level of physical activity. Finally, we reviewed the different interventions for weight loss in obese asthmatics and we indicated the lack of knowledge about the optimal weight loss strategy in these patients. In chapter two, the effects of a standardized 12-week outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) program was investigated in obese (BMI > 30) and non-obese (BMI < 30) patients with asthma. Although, obese asthmatics had a significantly lower level of exercise capacity at baseline, they were able to achieve the same improvements in exercise capacity as non-obese asthmatics. The average improvement in asthma control was statistically significant in both groups but it was below the minimally important difference of 0.5 (13). In addition, we have shown that having an uncontrolled asthma is not a barrier to participate in PR; in fact patients with more severe asthma did have more benefit from PR in our study. However, important limitations of this retrospective observational study were the absence of data about weight loss and the intensity of physical training, and the fact that ACQ results could not be obtained in all patients. Furthermore, we have shown that there is a large proportion of obese asthma patients who did not show clinical significant improvement. These subjects may benefit from an adapted PR program with emphasis on weight loss, exercise and self-management strat- egies. In chapter 3, we presented a meta-analysis of randomized trials to determine the effectiveness of high intensity (interval) training on cardiopulmonary fitness and body composition in adults with obesity (BMI >30) compared to traditional (high volume, continuous) exercise. Although the included studies were heterogeneous with small sample sizes, we were able to show that high intensity training is superior to traditional exercise ...
Main Findings. The studies presented in this thesis aimed to gain insight in the effectiveness and to explore working mechanisms of anthroposophic art therapy for women with anxiety. The second aim was to contribute to the development of the profession of art therapists, by equipping them with tools for systematic data collection and publication of case reports, in order to support art therapists in contributing to the body of knowledge and the body of evidence on the working mechanisms in art therapy. The first main outcome is that three months AAT led to a significant reduction of anxiety symptom severity, compared to waitlist condition, and to a significant improvement of experienced quality of life. The second main outcome is the effect of art therapy on aspects of self-regulation: perceived emotion regulation, stress regulation and perceived executive functioning, indicating that art therapy improves several aspects of self-regulation that contribute to anxiety symptom reduction. Although no treatment related changes were found in executive performance during specific tasks on aspects of executive functioning, heart rate variability changed during rest and level of self-reported inhibition contributed to prediction of treatment effects. Thirdly, based on first steps in the exploration of working mechanisms, the hypothesis arises that specific art therapy exercises may lead to specific effects. This was illustrated with a case report, indicating that the therapy took place in a safe and supporting environment allowing for relaxation and pleasure during art work whilst using and improving emotion regulation skills and executive functions. The description of the process suggests that this ‘learning process’ happened subconsciously (implicit) and not through conscious processes. Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that art therapy can be effective for the treatment of anxiety symptoms in female adults and that some insight in working mechanisms has been gained. Further research is necessary to explore specific contribution of supposed mechanisms.
Main Findings. The results of this study indicate that the synergy between institutions in encouraging the development of entrepreneurship in Jatimukti village community, especially between the village government and universities, is important. Implications: In its implementation, the Padjadjaran University with the Government of Jatimukti Village has conducted a synergy with a series of activities and coordination to advance community entrepreneurship. Novelty/Originality of the Study: To achieve good results from the synergy process, effective communication, fast feedback, trust and creativity are needed. The value of such relationships, such as loyalty to partners, maintaining interdependence, adaptation to partners (cultural compatibility), integrity and intensity of relationships, and institutionalization (means acting on behalf of institutions and in the interests of shared institutions).
Main Findings. The main limiting factor for establishing macroalgae cultivation is obtaining the needed capital: people, location, and technology. Main conditions for establishing profitable businesses over time include consistent and well-constructed regulations, and a stable market demand. • Funding: Public and private capital is needed and has been provided. Public funding reflects confidence in the industry facilitating private investments. • Sharing of knowhow through associations and national R&D networks. The industry is characterized by a collective and cooperative spirit. • Support from local authorities, although the level and types of support differ between regions and municipalities. • Efforts are implemented to raise awareness about macroalgae cultivation.
Main Findings. As indicated above, 1,669 HH were assessed including 1,194 HH that met the minimum vulnerability score. These 1,194 HH have been included in the data analysis; 71% of these HH are headed by women and 29% by men.
Main Findings. Panama’s new credit bureau law improved the depth of the credit information system, the quality of the data in credit databases, and the accuracy of the risk analyses. • For example, the new law allowed entrepreneurs and smaller enterprises to request the addition of information on utility payments to their file, helping them build a credit history to raise their chances of getting formal credit. • The law also empowered consumers by requiring that credit bureaus provide them with free and unlimited access to credit reports and allow inserted explanations or complaints about negative incidents on these reports.