Population and Sample Sample Clauses

Population and Sample. The criteria for sample selection in phenomenology is that participants have had the experience in question and are willing and able to articulate their experience (van Manen, 1990). Phenomenology seeks in-depth insight rather than patterns or commonalities of experience (van Manen, 1990). The presence of rich variation in the narratives is essential to phenomenology, and for this reason, purposive sampling of different ages, demographic characteristics and childbirth experiences is useful (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2008). The purpose of the variation in the sample is not to make comparisons among the different categories, but to “spark thinking” on the part of the researcher about the phenomenon (▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2011). For this study, women were sought from different ethnicities, both primagravidas and multiparas. The sample included hospital and home births. Seeking a sample that included a variety of perspectives created a ▇▇▇▇▇▇ description of women’s experience of childbirth. Variation in the sample also allowed the researcher to elicit perspectives from a variety of important, yet different, standpoints. Feminist standpoint theory proposes that human knowledge arises from and is shaped by the social location, conditions, opportunities, and understandings unique to each individual (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, 1988). Systems of oppression have influenced the circumstances of individuals, including their living circumstances, opportunities, and treatment in social situations. The difference in situations gives rise to different ways of looking at evidence (Inteman, 2010). ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ suggests that the classification of knowledge boundaries (in other words, what counts as knowledge and what does not) is determined primarily by power and not by truth. Groups with less power have an advantage in their evaluation or creation of knowledge because they are not trying to maintain power (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, 1988; ▇▇▇▇▇, 2003). Members of marginalized groups have a unique position with regards to knowledge because they understand the worldview assumptions of the dominant group to effectively navigate the world, but have knowledge of personal experience that conflicts with dominant views and generates an alternative perspective (▇▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, 1991; ▇▇▇▇▇, 2003). The recruitment plan involved recruiting 12-16 women of different ages, parities, ethnicities and socioeconomic status. The original recruitment plan is listed in Table 1. Recruitment of women from Hispanic or African-American backgrounds proved challenging, and...

Population and Sample. Researchers collected all project data through UKA’s headquarters in Mexico City, the Ometepec CHC in Guerrero (Figure 1), and communities served by the Ometepec CHC. Ometepec is located in the state of Guerrero, about six hours from the organization’s headquarters in Mexico City, Mexico. The Ometepec CHC has a large catchment area, encompassing mountainous, coastal, and urban areas. They were chosen for this study by UKA headquarter staff due to the high prevalence of child undernutrition as measured by stunting (25.6% at the state level, compared with 12.7% nationally) [2], as well as project feasibility. Of the 40 communities attended to by the CHC staff in Ometepec, only village groups that spoke Spanish as their first and prominent language during UKA nutrition education sessions and had worked with UKA for at least one year as of May 2010 were included (N=28). Community surveys and/ or observational data from the sample population were collected from all 28 communities. Communities where data were collected are located between five and ninety minutes by vehicle from the CHC in Ometepec. The populations served are often indigenous, rural, and have a high prevalence of malnutrition in children less than five years of age (measured by HAZ). Guerrero staff members had worked at the Ometepec CHC with UKA for eighteen months up to seven years. The study population included UKA staff from Mexico City, Ometepec CHC manager and health promoters, community participants who were pregnant or had children less than five years of age, and volunteer community assistants who attended and helped at the nutrition education sessions between May and July 2010. All community participants were able to communicate in Spanish and lived in a community that had worked with UKA for at least one year prior to May 2010. A mixed methods review of UKA’s nutrition education component was conducted from May 2010 to July 2010. Data were collected from the Ometepec CHC in Guerrero and the headquarters in Mexico City, Mexico. All data collected are related to UKA’s nutrition education component. All curriculum materials available and pertaining to exclusive breastfeeding, complementary foods, and diarrhea (including current training manuals, session materials, documents, etc.) were requested from the Mexico City headquarters and Ometepec CHC. Health education promoters’ delivery of the nutrition education component was observed using a structured observation guide to assess the context...

Population and Sample. This analysis uses data on solar installations and service utilization collected in the DRC as part of the ASSP Project by IMA World Health. Although installations remain ongoing, the solar installation data collected to date spans the years 2012 – 2015 for 52 health zones and the utilization data collected spans the years April 2013 - June 2015 for 56 health zones. For the purpose of this analysis the pre-2006 provinces were used and all health zones included in the datasets were located in the former provinces of Equateur, Orientale, Maniema, and Kasai Occidental. Equateur and Orientale both lie in the northern part of the country, bordering South Sudan, Central African Republic, the Republic of the Congo and Uganda. Maniema is a smaller landlocked province, and Kasai Occidental borders Angola in the south. Solar installation data is provided on the health facility level and includes health centers, reference health centers, hospitals, regional distribution centers, and health zone central offices. Of the data provided by IMA World Health, a final dataset of 43 health zones in the four aforementioned provinces was used. For this analysis, data cleaning included dropping health facilities with missing or inadequate solar installation and/or utilization data and dropping health facilities who did not receive a solar installation during the calendar year 2012 in order to obtain a restricted sample of health facilities with full information and breadth to adequately measure change. Further, the analysis only looked at solar installations used for refrigeration and lighting. Data concluded that installations spanned January-July 2014 and which 120 health facilities received a solar installation for refrigeration only, 217 for lighting only, and 61 for both. ASSP data provided by IMA World Health was used to define and measure utilization and in an effort to remain consistent with IMA World Health measurements, the same formula was used. Utilization was measured by summing the number of new cases seen at the health centers and hospitals in the health zone divided by the health zone population. The health facilities identified in the solar installation dataset as having received a lighting and/or refrigeration installation during the 2014 calendar year were then matched to their corresponding health zones in the ASSP dataset for the purpose of measuring utilization. The final breakdown of health zones per province are displayed in the table below: *Note: Pre-20...

Population and Sample. Children’s Hospital is a 229-licensed bed pediatric hospital located in Nashville, TN. While it is a part of the larger Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), it is a freestanding entity that discharged 14,756 patients, conducted surgeries on 16,567 patients and treated 54,092 patients in the emergency department between July 1, 2012 and July 31, 2013 (Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, 2013). The hospital is a level 1-trauma center, Joint Commission and Magnet certified, and has been ranked by U.S News and World Report (USNWR) to have nine top performing pediatric subspecialties. Medical and surgical subspecialties include: adolescent and young adult health; allergy, immunology and pulmonary medicine; anesthesiology; cardiology; congenital heart defect neurodevelopment follow up program; critical care medicine; dermatology; developmental medicine; diagnostic imaging;

Population and Sample. There are nine life insurance companies in Nepal; • Rastriya Beema Sansthan. • National Life Insurance Company Ltd. • Nepal Life Insurance Company Ltd. • LIC Nepal. • ALICO Met Life. • Asian Life Insurance Co. Ltd. • Prime Life Insurance Co. Ltd. • Gurans Life Insurance Co. Ltd. • Surya Life Insurance Co. Ltd. Out of them, I have selected the Gurans Life Insurance Company Ltd. for study about the Management Information System in Insurance Companies.

Population and Sample. The population in this study is all newly arrived immigrants to the U.S. classified as B1 or B2 for TB during their overseas medical screening. The subjects (sample population) are immigrants whose first port of U.S. entry is the DTW between December 2006 and August 2007 (nine months). Immigrants arriving at DTW during this time frame were primarily from the Philippines (>90% for December 2006 – February 2007, unpublished data) and received their overseas medical screening per the 1991 TIs. This study does not include refugees or asylees as the support systems in place for these groups are more substantial than those for immigrants. Refugees generally have a sponsor who, upon arrival, can assist in making appointments and/or providing transportation to appointments. Immigrants arriving with incomplete or outdated overseas medical examinations were also excluded. These individuals must complete a medical screening performed by a U.S. Civil Surgeon in order to gain permanent legal U.S. entry. To reduce the potential effect of country of origin on the outcome measure, completion of U.S. TB evaluation, study subjects were limited to those whose country of origin is the Philippines. Assignment to the two groups in the study (those who received a written referral and those who did not), was determined by date and time of arrival at DTW. The DTW Quarantine Station was open for operation from 8:00 am to 5:00 pm Eastern Standard Time (EST), Monday through Friday excluding holidays during the time frame for this study. Those immigrants arriving on evening flights, weekends, holidays, or when the three quarantine staff members were otherwise engaged, became the group not receiving a referral. While the study sample is a convenience sample, there is no reason to assume that immigrants arriving on weekends, evenings or holidays were significantly different than those arriving during quarantine station hours of operation. The inclusion criteria for this study were:  Newly arriving Filipino immigrants of all ages at DTW between December 2006 and August 2007 with a B1 or B2 TB classification The exclusion criteria for this study were:  Refugees or asylum seekers  Immigrants arriving at DTW from countries other than the Philippines  Immigrants arriving with incomplete or outdated overseas medical examinations  Immigrants for whom the presence or absence of receipt of referral was not documented by Quarantine staff on the immigration packet “face sheet” Sample size cal...

Population and Sample. To know the sample it has been considered as population to all Ninth Grade students of Basic Education and English teachers at ―El Triunfo‖ High School being a total population of 100 students, the same one that this composed of two parallels, existing in each one a total of 50 students, as well as the teachers.

Population and Sample. The population includes all contracted educational service workers who were affected by the GA Labor Commissioner’s “rule change” in 2012 that barred unemployment benefits to contracted educational service workers in Georgia. The Atlanta Journal Constitution (AJC) found that 64,702 Georgia workers were classified as private “educational service” workers using data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (▇. ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇, 2012). They noted however that, “labor departments don’t track employment by occupation, making it impossible to determine how many workers got seasonal benefits” (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2012). The Georgia DoL claimed that just over 4,000 school workers had applied for the benefits throughout 2012-2013 and were officially denied (▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇). It is likely that the unemployment benefits denials affected more than 4,000 school workers because some laid off school workers did not apply for unemployment benefits after hearing that they would be denied anyway. Sectors of known impacted school workers included contracted food service workers at both public and private universities and at public K-12 schools, contracted school bus drivers at universities and public K-12 schools, crossing guards, pre-k teachers funded by the GA lottery and some private school teachers. Five union organizations that had members affected by the unemployment benefits cuts include the United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW) Local 1996, Teamsters Local 728, Workers United-Service Employees International Union (SEIU), Association of Federal State County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) Local 1644 and SEIU / National Association of Government Employees (NAGE). It should be noted that the overwhelming majority of school workers impacted by the unemployment benefits cuts were not represented by unions. Atlanta Jobs with Justice (JwJ) was the central organization that connected with the unorganized workers throughout Georgia who had been impacted by the crisis. Atlanta JwJ had existing relationships and contacts with Atlanta food service workers who were not members of unions that served as a starting point for involvement with the workers , but Atlanta JwJ quickly began to build relationships with affected workers outside of Atlanta who contacted the Atlanta JwJ office looking for help. This project took a case study approach to understand how the Justice for School Workers campaign unfolded and why it was successful. Case study research has a long history in the social sciences (...

Population and Sample. Patients utilizing the MCCG Emergency Department (ED) are from both urban and rural areas of central Georgia. The hospital is the second largest in the state and the only level one trauma center in the region. The hospital serves 28 counties surrounding Macon and ▇▇▇▇ County while the Emergency Department services Jones, Bibb, and ▇▇▇▇▇▇ counties (MCCG, 2011). The hospital receives approximately 1000 patients per week into its emergency department. 28% of these patients have private insurance, 21% use Medicare, 26% use Medicaid, 23% are self payers, and 2% of patients have some other form of insurance. Currently, SBIRT services are delivered only to patients 18 years of age or older. All patients prescreening positive during triage (described below) are potentially eligible for study inclusion regardless of presenting complaint. From previous studies of emergency department populations, it was assumed that the population of patients entering the MCCG ED was at relatively high risk for having substance use disorders, and the ED’s health care workers would have the opportunity to intervene and give advice on risky substance use (Chirpitel, 1999; ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al., 2004). The study included both a quasi-experimental control group as well as an intervention group. The evaluation study period was divided into a pilot phase and an intervention phase. During both phases, the program used triage nurses to screen for and flag potentially eligible participants. In the pilot phase, control participants were enrolled by the program’s Health Education Specialists (HES). The intervention phase began after the HES had been trained in motivational interviewing (MI). In the Intervention phase, the HES administered a risk assessment and performed brief interventions (based on MI) on eligible participants (SAMHSA a). Details on the sampling and enrollment procedures for both groups are described below. The control participants were non-randomly and sequentially assigned. The control group was enrolled between February 2009 and May 2009 prior to the implementation of SBIRT service delivery and prior to training HES in the delivery of motivational interviewing based brief interventions. Though not as strong as a randomized control trial, the pre-implementation enrollment of the control group ensured that the HES did not use motivational interviewing skills on this group. Patients eligible for enrollment in the study (over 18 and admitting to binge drinking at least one time in t...