Background of the Study Sample Clauses
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Background of the Study. Traditional film rental stores base their inventory decisions on formulas using historical rental data, store size, and box office sales among other factors. As titles become less popular, inventory can be reduced by selling previously viewed copies to members for a low cost. Titles that are out of stock are often compensated with coupons good for a free rental when it is available again. The film rental industry is an ever evolving industry that changes with the economy, evolution of culture and technology and to remain viable in the business, the clients must be willing to evolve. In the entertainment industry, video or movies purchase and rentage has evolved significantly since 1888 with the creating of an expert film titled “Roundhay Garden Scene” created by ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ and this film has remained the earliest existing motion picture. The first home movie was “Betamax” by the Sony Company in 1975 which was in fact very costly. This was followed by Magnetic Video in November 1977. ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ was the first person to launch video rental store in Los Angelis in December 1977 and the development continues. As of march 2008 there were approximately 10,200 DVD vending kiosks in operation across the USA with a market value of $198million represented through almost double the number of DVD kiosks in operation as there are many stores currently in America. The growth of DVD vending as opined by ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇, former Executive Director of Self Service and Kiosks Association, The potentials of automated DVD rental is tremendous because they are perfect for high traffic, high frequency location such as grocery stores, restaurants, Laundromats, apartment complexes, college campuses and airports Reuters in 2008 highlighted the benefits of automated DVD vending. They observed that consumers are constantly looking for convenience, so, whoever offers that stands to gain market share. Redbox, owned by Coinstar Inc. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇’▇ Corp and private investor is the leader in the growing in-store kioss space, followed by privately held TNR, which operates 2, 200 kioks. Others include Blockbusters, Netfix, IMozi, MovieMate, MovieQ, MovieBooth, ThingMagic, etc. In Nigeria today, Music and film rental, vending and distribution will finally take a better shape if upcoming film rental agencies make good their plans. SoForte Entertainment Distribution in collaboration with Sony Music UK plans to be the first to make Nigerian music available whenever there is a demand for it anyw...
Background of the Study. The image of teachers as mere employees limited in their freedom of choice and decision making coupled with constant struggle with financial and social problems has been a subject of many debates on education not only in Kazakhstan, but in many post- Soviet countries. This is listed as one of the consequences of “educational deterioration” that many post-Soviet countries have been experiencing since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 (Silova, 2007, p.166). Along with a significant decline in educational funding which led to a substantial decrease in teacher salaries, the professional community of teachers also suffered from a “demeaning public perception”, as they were also forced into a competitive environment by the “performance- and outcomes-based reforms” introduced by the government (▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2009, p. 4). Since then, the schools and teachers were allowed less autonomy in schools and much more accountability as they were forced to act as “passive executors” of the government initiatives (Khegay, 2017, p.2). Autonomy is one of the three basic human motivation drivers along with mastery and purpose (Pink, 2011). Teachers who are deprived of the choice over what happens in their classrooms lose their will to work and be productive. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ (2013) states:
Background of the Study. Due to globalization, many developing countries have initiated reforms in education systems. Within the last years, the government of Kazakhstan initiated nationwide reforms to improve school education to meet the requirements of international education standards (Yakavets, 2014). Practices of well-developed countries like Finland, Singapore, Canada, the UK and the USA are being implemented to realize reforms (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2014). All these changes put a lot of pressure on teachers as one of the main agents to confront those challenges. It has required them to adapt to changes, rethink traditional ways of teaching, and relearn and then implement a new assessment system along with learning the new national curriculum. While being burdened with multiple tasks that teachers have to cope with, the question arises what keeps teachers motivated to improve their own practice and grow professionally. Students’ success is a paramount goal for every school. The main contributor which leads to the achievement of this goal is a teacher who is highly motivated and committed to their profession. Several studies emphasize the importance of teacher motivation. For example, it was discussed that teachers are people who shape and influence children’s personality and future from early childhood, therefore, it is important that representatives of this profession are motivated themselves in order to be able to create a motivational environment for their learners (as cited in Gemeda, & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2015). Meanwhile, the research done by ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ and ▇▇▇▇▇▇ (2011) also highlighted that good academic performance and motivation of students can be achieved through increased teacher motivation (as cited in Gemeda, & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2015). Therefore, it is essential to explore what factors in the school environment lead to increased teacher motivation. Studies on teachers’ motivation mostly discuss the question of types of motivational factors affecting teachers, which are classified mainly into two groups (e.g., intrinsic and extrinsic motivations). However, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ and ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ (2000) and Obin (2002) stated that motives which encourage people to continue working as teachers can be classified into three groups: (1) intrinsic forces linked to the process of teaching which include passing on knowledge to students and professional skills; (2) extrinsic forces like salary, environment at work, safety at workplace and reputation; and (3) altruistic forces which include a desire to help children to be...
Background of the Study. The post-independent African state is one bedeviled by significant leadership- induced poverty, corruption, religious charlatanism, war and restiveness, an unstable political system, dictatorial governance, a lack of adequate basic amenities, as well as a myriad of other issues. Despite Nigeria’s obvious wealth (from oil and other natural resources), it has undergone dramatic economic deterioration, especially under military rule, which has, for the most part, governed the country since its independence.14 Even before the military incursion into Nigerian politics in 1966, the country had been experiencing severe and devastating socio-economic, political and developmental crises, reasoning used by the military to force its way into power. Nigeria’s developmental framework is laden with components such as consumerism, corruption, incessant military coups, failed socio-economic and political policies, and so on. According to ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, the “socio-economic climate in Nigeria within the past three or four decades has not promoted the kind of social and economic welfare that would insulate families from the vagaries of 13 ▇▇▇▇▇▇’s earliest plays were published in 1980 by Ogunbiyi Press, Ile-Ife under the title Three Plays in Transition (a collection of three plays; Asylum, The Flood and The Movement, published in Ile-Ife by Ogunbiyi Press)
Background of the Study. The National Institute of Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines highlighted the limited research into treatment for eating disorders and concluded the need of new approaches for this group of people. The use of new technologies may have promise for helping people with eating disorders. Many people with eating disorder report experiencing distressing thoughts or a distressing voice which is often call an ‘eating disorder voice’. You may have your own name for these experiences. AVATAR therapy is one talking treatment which was developed to help people who hear distressing voices.
Background of the Study.
1.1.1. Speciation of elements in boreal zone
Figure 1.1. Scheme describing the main matter exchange between different reservoirs (soil- rock system, vegetation, and atmosphere) of a watershed (after ▇▇▇▇▇ et al., 2007).
1.1.2. Nature of colloids and their role in mobilisation of trace elements
Background of the Study. The European Union (EU) has decided to take a proactive position concerning the issue of global warming by enacting its 20-20-20 package. This aims at raising the share of the EU energy consumption produced from renewable resources to 20%, reducing by 20% the EU greenhouse gases emissions level of 1990, and improving by 20% the EU’s energy efficiency. New renewables such as solar or wind power have been widely deployed. However one major challenge of new renewable energy consists in it being intermittent while the grid needs to be balanced at any moment. Concretely, this means that the current EU electricity system will need to be more flexible to allow the full utilisation of renewables. Thus, while wind is blowing but demand for power is low, the grid frequency may become unstable, increasing the risk of outages. Therefore, in certain countries power production has to be reduced. The choice is made by grid operators to disconnect wind turbines from the grid – as it is less constraining than stopping an inflexible base-load power plant – cutting off a source of carbon-free energy. Today, beyond interconnection development, the only solution that exists to avoid curtailing intermittent renewable generation and also happens to be available on a large-scale is Pumped Hydro Storage Plants (PSP). PSP are able to store energy when there is a surplus in the energy system and therefore constitute a vitally important part of the new low-carbon electricity system the EU wants to achieve. However, conventional PSPs can only regulate their power in generation mode, while their operation in pumping mode is typically much less flexible; new technologies are therefore under development to enable greater operational flexibility of PSPs. In that context, the variable speed technology for PSP can bring the additional flexibility in pumping mode as well. This could lead to a better integration of renewables in the electricity system, by serving a dual purpose as the surplus of intermittent renewable energy could be absorbed at any time of the day while at the same time allowing services to be balanced. Developing technically and economically feasible solutions to upgrade existing plants to variable speed within the eStorage project will allow upgrading a significant part of European PSP capacity, all at a much lower cost than developing new plants. The goal of eStorage Work Package 4 (WP4) is to draft a plan to replicate the variable speed PSP technology development of work...
Background of the Study. Writing is productive skills and it knows as one of English subject in educational system at school. According to (▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2007) writing is productive skill same as speaking that the students can be judge as a learned if they read and write in specific situation and specific purpose. It means writing is either skill has to learned by the students in order to can deliver the message in information to others in the form spoken and written language. Not only productive skill, writing is a good way to develop English ability. According to (▇▇▇▇▇, 2007) writing has three important roles in student learning when thy write; first is writing fortify the grammatical structure, idioms, and vocabulary. Second, by writing students have a chance to be daring with the language. Third when they write, they have effort to express their idea and automatically become very involve with the new language. It means by writing students will be able to learn any aspect of language like grammatical aspect and language use. Moreover, writing is an essential job skill. It is the first basic upon which someone’s work, leaning and intellect will be judge in collage and in the work place. ▇▇▇▇▇ (2010) stated that the important thing of writing is its used largely in higher education and work place. Writing will complete us with communication and thinking skill. Although writing is a better choice to expand English ability, the majority of the students felt that it is not easy to show their idea in writing. Its need more work in organizing the compositions and the language made them could not be start correctly. In order to obtaine to good in write the students have to equip quickly and continue writing knowladge. So, the chore of teacher to expand the student, writing skill is not easy for some students. According to ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ and Renandya (2002) the most difficult skill for foreign language and second language is writing skill.. A study conducted by ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ (2014) at eight grade student of SMP Trimuli Jakarta Selatan, revealed that the students made some error in their witing. The students made error in capitalization with the error were 200 or 23,90%, then option of the word were 110 or 13,14% and grammar with the number error 105 or 12,54%. It can be conclude the student in the school fell difficult when students make the sentences in writing according score. In addition, writing is not easy for students. It cause involves grammatical structure, vocabulary, spelling correctly and etc...
Background of the Study. Reading is one of the four skills in English that must be mastered by every student. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ (2010, p. 4). said that reading is the ability of an individual recognizes a visual form to associate the form with the sound or meaning acquired in the past, and the past experience, understand and interpret its meaning. It means that reading is individual ability in understanding and finding the message written by the author. Reading may help students to develop their language skills necessary for success, but it is not easy to implement an effective reading, especially in countries where English language is treated as foreign language, it means the success of implementing reading will depend on the students‘ interest.
Background of the Study.
1.2.1 Bullying in the Kazakhstani Context Bullying is one of the most widespread problems in schools all over the world, and Kazakhstan is not an exception. This issue obviously needs continued research in order to find effective solutions. School plays a significant role in children’s lives as they spend considerable time at school. According to the Law on Rights of Child of the Republic of Kazakhstan, all children have equal rights regardless their background, race and ethnicity, social and economic status, gender, language, education, religion, residence, physical abilities or any other issues related to a child themselves and their parents or other legal representatives (trustees) (the Law on Rights of Child of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 2002). Therefore, all children have the right to be treated equally. However, bullying is one barrier to this. There are cases of different forms of bullying at schools in Kazakhstan (Turegeldiyeva, 2018). According to the UNICEF report (2013) more than 60% of school children in Kazakhstan faced school violence in 2012. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ (2013), an ombudsman on human rights in Kazakhstan, who participated in the research conducted by UNICEF, draws the attention of government to the problem of school violence and calls upon the Ministry of Education and Science to take measures to stop violence in schools.